The Daily - The Sunday Read: 'Sweatpants Forever'

Episode Date: August 23, 2020

Much of the fashion industry has buckled under the weight of the coronavirus — it appears to have sped up the inevitable.This story was written by Irina Aleksander and recorded by Audm. To hear more audio stories from publishers like The New York Times, download Audm for iPhone or Android.

My name is Irina Alexander, and I'm a contributing writer to The New York Times Magazine. A few weeks ago, I had a story on the cover of the magazine about the collapse of the fashion industry. In April, I was sitting at home, I was bored, and my editor and I were on the phone, and she said, you know, well, what's happening with the fashion industry right now? Because we saw these other industries like restaurants and everybody else, the film industry was struggling. And I said, well, actually, I have no idea what's happening in fashion. I mean, I feel like everyone's wearing sweatpants. But I said, you know, I met this guy about a year ago who used to design Band of Outsiders,

who was Scott Sternberg. And I said, let me reach out to him and see if maybe he knows what's happening in the fashion industry. And Scott and I happen to live in the same neighborhood in Los Angeles. So every day I was trying to find like destinations I could walk to, to just like get out of my house. And one day I walked to his house and I sort of very casually asked him, what's happening in the fashion industry. The minute he started talking, I realized that the story was so much bigger than I had anticipated. I'd been covering the fashion industry on and off for about a decade. And I knew that the industry

had been in trouble long before the pandemic, but I didn't realize just how bad it had been and how there had been this ginormous bubble of overproduction with too many shows and too many collections and too many clothes and a sort of set of people who had acted so irresponsibly in a way that really kind of drove the industry into the ground. It really reminded me of 2008 and the financial crash. And I thought, what if you tried to write about the fashion industry the way you would any other bubble, like the subprime mortgage crisis, and really got into what happened to the industry on a really granular level. So here's my story called Sweatpants Forever,

read by Julia Whalen. It's difficult, in retrospect, to pinpoint when exactly panic about coronavirus took hold in the United States, but March 12th stands out. Stores ran out of canned goods. Streets emptied of cars. Tom Hanks had just tested positive for the virus. That evening, Scott Sternberg, a fashion designer, was lying awake at home in the Silver Lake neighborhood of Los Angeles, thinking about Entire World, a line

of basics he founded two years earlier. Would people still buy clothes? How much cash did he have to keep going? When would he have to lay people off? My band of outsiders' battle scars just opened wide, he said. Band of Outsiders was Sternberg's previous company. He founded it in 2004 as a line of slim shirts and ties. Remember the skinny tie boom? That was Sternberg. Eventually, it grew into full men's and women's collections that won over the fashion world with self-consciously preppy clothes. Sternberg took home two Council of Fashion Designers of America, CFDA, awards, the industry's equivalent of the Oscars. He posed for photos with Kanye West.

Michelle Obama wore one of his dresses. He opened stores in Tokyo and New York. Then, in 2015, to everyone's surprise, Sternberg announced that Band was going out of business. An investment with some Belgians had gone bad, but that didn't feel like the whole story. Sternberg knew the whole story. Every choice he made at Entire World was to prevent it from happening again. Now a global pandemic had hit. He couldn't foresee that. No one did. Unlike other designers, Sternberg studied not design, but economics, a major he chose in part because the year he entered Washington University in St. Louis, the economist Douglas North, a professor there, won a Nobel Prize. Sternberg graduated summa cum laude.

His senior thesis was about the economics of actors in Hollywood, which is how he wound up in Los Angeles in the first place. This is all to say that Sternberg knew what uncertainty does to consumer behavior. What was going through my head was, man, I don't know how big businesses are going to deal with this, he said. But for a small business, this is enough to take all of us out, he snapped his fingers, in one shot. As it happened, it was the Giants who would fall first. Over the next few months, J. Crew, Neiman Marcus, Brooks Brothers, and J.C. Penney filed for bankruptcy.

Gap Inc. couldn't pay rent on its 2,785 North American stores. By July, Diane von Furstenberg announced she would lay off 300 employees and close 18 of her 19 stores. The impending damage to small businesses was inconceivable. The next morning, a Friday, Sternberg drove to entire world offices in Koreatown. He sat down at his desk and began drafting an email. Wow. I mean, WTF. He didn't run the email by his staff. There was no meeting about it.

He just sat down and wrote it. Am I sick already? Can I leave my house? What do I tell my employees? Will my mom be okay on her flight home today? Can Zod, Sternberg's dog, get coronavirus? Did I buy enough TP? How long will this last?

Who's in charge? What's next? The email went out to the brand's 30,000 subscribers on Sunday, March 15th. It was, in a sea of daily promotional emails, a distinctly human one. But this was still a promotion. For a sweatsuit, the brand's top seller, a hero item in industry speak. Inspired by a French children's film, entire world sweatsuits come in a prism of cheery colors,

and in Sternberg's film, entire world sweatsuits come in a prism of cheery colors and, in Sternberg's vision, sort of make you look like a cross between a Teletubby, Ben Stiller in the Royal Tenenbaums, and a JCPenney ad from 1979. It wasn't long before Sternberg's employees began texting him happy face emoji. On an average day, the brand, still in its nascent stage, sells 46 sweats. That day, they sold more than a thousand. When they ran out of sweatsuits, shoppers moved through the t-shirts, socks, and underwear. By month's end, the brand's sales were up 662% over March the previous year. sales were up 662% over March the previous year.

The day we met, April 24th, was the highest-grossing day in the company's history. A new shipment came in that morning and promptly sold out again. Entire World had now grossed more in two months than in its entire first year in business. By met, I mean that we were in Sternberg's backyard, in chairs positioned 20 feet apart, with a setup of disinfectant wipes between us.

At this point, Sternberg hadn't been leaving the house much, instead subsisting on deliveries from Blue Apron, the meal kit service, and rationing the ingredients into multiple meals. Entire World's managing director, Jordan Schiff, formerly of Dove Charney's American Apparel, whose heyday Sternberg's line openly pays homage to, had just come down with COVID-19. But he was still tracking the numbers. Just a few days before, Schiff reported that the company had sold out of 600 pairs of lavender women's socks. Sternberg was in a good mood.

This was obviously not just because of an email, nor was it simply because America had settled into sweatpants for the foreseeable future. He'd been laying down this groundwork since Band of Outsiders imploded. Entire World wasn't a departure in name only, suggesting, as it does, the opposite of the in-crowd. It was also Sternberg's rejection of the traditional fashion system, the one that once vaulted him to success. No more fashion shows, no more seasonal collections, no more wholesale accounts that had become unreliable, R.I.P. Barney's, or the markups required to pay for it all. Bands shirts started at $220. Entire worlds are $95. For years, Sternberg had been

saying that the fashion industry was a giant bubble heading toward collapse. Now the pandemic was just speeding up the inevitable. In fact, it had already begun. An incredible surplus of clothing was presently sitting in warehouses and in stores, some of which might never reopen. That whole channel is dead, Sternberg said, and there's no sign of when it's turning on again. In April, clothing sales fell 79% in the United States, the largest dive on record. Purchases of sweatpants, though, were up 80%. Entire world was like the rare life form that survives the apocalypse. By betting that the luxury market would fail,

Sternberg had evaded the very forces that were bringing down the rest of the industry. Because you could see the writing on the wall, he said. The Neiman's writing on the wall. The Barney's. Listen, Barney's? That was not a shock to anyone. If there's one image that I will remember from the last days of the fashion industry as it has existed for the last two decades, it's Marc Jacobs streaming live from the Mercer Hotel in New York in pearls and perfect makeup. The broadcast ran to 75 minutes in length over two different virtual events. It began on April 15th with Vogue's Global Conversations, a series the magazine introduced to figure out how to fix the fashion industry, and continued a month

later on May 15th with Business of Fashion, the industry's go-to news website. I'm in the process of grief right now, Jacobs told Vogue. Why are you grieving, Mark? The moderator asked. Why? Because this is all very sad. Then, later, How are you going to present your Spring Summer 21 collection? I'm not sure there will be a Spring Summer 21 collection. Jacobs had come to see his fall 2020 show as a kind of farewell. I've said this to my psychiatrist, my lovely Dr. Richardson, he told Business of Fashion,

after taking a long drag from his vape pen, that I would be very happy if that were my last show. That collection would never be produced. Buyers couldn't place orders, and even if they had, factories were shut down. Jacob said he had to lay off a bunch of people and ask others to take pay cuts. Not that this began with the pandemic. Since 2013, Jacobs' business had shrunk from 250 stores to just four. Speaking to Vogue, he said, this has been a very difficult business to be in for a long time, I think. Things looked different in 2005. I'm choosing that year somewhat subjectively because that's when I started as an intern at Women's Wear Daily. It was a thrilling time

in American fashion. A new guard of young designers had just entered the scene, displacing the stars of the 1980s and 90s, Donna Karan, Calvin Klein, Michael Kors, and others, and re-energizing the runways. Interns don't see much, but occasionally fashion week invites trickle down. My first show was Zach Posen in something like row eight. My second was Proenza Schooler. Those designers, along with Alexander Wang, Derek Lamb, Philip Lim, Rag & Bone, Rodarte, Jason Wu, and later Joseph Altazara, seemed to grow into global brands overnight with the help of store buyers and fashion editors eager to usher in a post-911 generation of American talent. generation of American talent. Band of Outsiders was part of that. Sternberg was 29 when he started the brand in 2004.

Like the Rodarte sisters, who had no formal training and lived with their parents in Pasadena, California, Sternberg, a former agent at Creative Artists Agency, designing a line in what was then a fashion desert, was an outsider instantly embraced. Within months, he had a full-page photo of his ties in GQ and was picked up by Barney's. We were next to Dries, Balenciaga, Prada, he said. And we were me, making shirts and ties in LA. Along with brands like Tom Brown, Ban joined the wave of the nerdy preppy resurgence, shrunken blazers, polos, boat shoes, or what Sternberg called preppy clothes about preppy clothes. Once he expanded into women's wear, the brand grew into a $15 million wholesale business sold in 250 stores worldwide. It wasn't by the end all that good for us, obviously, because we weren't building a sound business, Sternberg said, but it's pretty incredible the power of what that

global fashion system could do. When Sternberg says global fashion system, he's referring to the ecosystem of designers, fashion media, and stores that puts us all in clothes. Fashion week is where those entities meet. The reason spring collections are shown in the fall, and vice versa, is so they can be ordered, reviewed, and produced in time for the actual season. As with most things, this system was upended by the internet. Once normal people could view collections online, which, confusingly, they couldn't buy until six months later, everything began to accelerate.

Now stores needed deliveries earlier to fill demand, and two deliveries simply weren't enough. Suddenly, mid-season collections, mainly pre-fall and resort, also known as cruise, became the norm. Even for smaller designers whose customers were not necessarily among the small subset of people who jet off to Capri or Saint-Tropez for the winter months. So designers went from making two collections a year to four. If you had a men's line, maybe it was actually six, and if you were Dior or Givenchy, you were also doing couture. As fashion shows had grown into huge marketing events because Rihanna

or Anne Hathaway or whoever was sitting in the front row, each of those collections was also a show. Somehow, this was all still going pretty well. Consumers were consuming, store buyers were buying more, and designers produced more and faster. Business boomed, and everyone just kept growing. If there was a turning point, it might have been fall 2008. That year, New York Fashion Week drew an estimated 232,000 attendees and generated $466 million in visitor spending. Three days after it ended in September, the economy collapsed. The luxury market was already oversaturated and now there was no one to buy the stuff. Stores panicked and marked everything down early.

But then they did it again the next year, and the year after that, relying on markdowns to generate revenue and training consumers to shop on sale. So now you had summer dresses arriving in January and being discounted before the weather would even allow you to wear them. The fashion cycle stopped making sense.

Despite dwindling budgets, thousands of people were still flying all over the world every two months for the shows. Designers started to crack under the pace, most notably John Galliano, who attributed his 2011 anti-Semitic rant and subsequent firing from Dior to work-related stress. And the clothes themselves got kind of weird. The sped-up calendar gave birth to seasonless dressing, a trend of Frankenstein clothing items, toeless boots, sleeveless coats. You get it. When you're delivering fall in July, it's really not about the weather anymore. This might have been the time to rethink things. Instead,

everyone doubled down and made more stuff. As online retailers like Net-A-Porter and Matches Fashion gained traction and everything was suddenly sold everywhere, department stores looked for new ways to draw customers. Enter novelty, a term for the sometimes literal bells and whistles that buyers increasingly ask designers to add to collections in order to entice straying customers like cats. If in the last decade you've gone looking for a simple cashmere sweater and instead encountered ones with zippers, giant animal faces,

glitter shoulders, or distressed anything, that's novelty. If you found yourself annoyed, you were not alone. That was so we could sell to Saks, Neiman, Barneys, Nordstrom, Colette, and everybody could have their own special thing, Sternberg recalled. I was basically making stuff I didn't like because I thought a buyer wanted it, not even the customer. It used to be that stores attracted shoppers with the promise of an exclusively carried designer. Once designers could no longer afford to remain exclusive to a certain store, the compromise was exclusive styles. In addition to a

presented collection, buyers requested slightly altered looks. Lengthen a hem here, add a sleeve there, take the print from that dress and make it into pants that could then be exclusive to their customers. This is still going on. The amount of work you do for exclusives is out of control. Batsheva Hay, a former litigator who started her namesake line of off-kilter prairie dresses in 2016, told me, I want this. Can you make this with a little this? Some of it is because they think it might sell, but some is just so they can say it's exclusive. because they think it might sell, but some is just so they can say it's exclusive. Molly Nutter, a former VP for merchandising at Barney's, worked for the department store for 19 years. The system has been broken for a long time, said Nutter, who is now the president of Buy

George, a specialty store in Austin, Texas. There was a lot of pressure on designers to produce more collections and therefore more product. I would say it wasn't a real demand by the customer. I think it was just retailers trying to grab market share. They thought, if I can get more in and earlier, then I can get more clients through my door. But with everyone doing this, it just compounds the problem. Then, of course, all these stores end up with too much inventory, and this is where all of the promotional activity starts to take place. You're basically putting luxury product out there and devaluing it almost right away. It was just this vicious cycle. This is what Jacobs would later be mourning in his hotel room.

While everyone seemed eager to define fashion's future, he was holding space for its present. He was lucid, candid, somehow smarter than everyone. I was relieved when he declined to be interviewed for this article. We've done everything to such excess that there is no consumer for all of it, Jacobs told Vogue. Everyone is exhausted by it. The designers are exhausted by it. He added, Dance, monkey! In 2013, Sternberg sat down with the chief executive at Barney's at the time, Mark Lee,

who Sternberg says over-promised how much inventory the department store would be able to sell. Barney's promised us the world and never delivered on any of it, Sternberg said. Lee did not respond to requests for comment. And it was stupid of us to listen to them, but we trusted them. That was a complete killer. And you feel insecure, like, I need Barneys to be cool. And then there are these things called RTVs. RTV stands for return to vendor, which is what it sounds like. If a collection, the one that the store has asked you to pad out with novelty and exclusives, doesn't sell, the retailer can return it and ask for its

money back. According to Nutter, as stores struggled, the terms of this deal got worse. In some cases, stores asked designers to sell on consignment or to share costs if a certain percentage of the collection didn't sell at full price. So let's say a store decided to mark the collection down early. You now owed it for those losses. Even as I'm telling you this, Nutter said, I'm like, isn't that crazy? It is. It is crazy. And here's where it got even crazier. In order to protect exclusivity, stores had to commit to even larger buys, ordering more clothes than they could possibly sell. Then, when they couldn't move the stuff, they'd return it. Thanks to the rise of fast fashion and the luxury market's simultaneous attempt to keep up with its impossible pace, it all started to feel disposable.

up with its impossible pace, it all started to feel disposable. So detrimental was the cycle of overproduction and discounting to luxury goods that in 2018, Burberry, the British label, revealed that it had been burning, not metaphorically, but literally burning, 37 million dollars of worth of merchandise per year to maintain brand value. In short, fashion seemed to slowly annihilate itself. Remember Fashion Week? While incurring all those losses, designers were still putting on shows roughly every three months, productions that ran hundreds of thousands of dollars, or millions if you were Chanel. The problem is that everyone who attended the shows and streamed them out via endless blurry Instagram videos was actively making the case for the demise of their jobs. Because if you're there watching via the tiny screen on your phone while the real live show is happening feet away, why even go?

feet away, why even go? God bless fashion media, Sternberg said. They still have not caught up to the idea that everyone is seeing it at the same time. It's such a little scam, Fashion Week, he continued. I love doing shows, but you get caught up in it, and then you can't stop, because if you stop, they're going to write about you stopping, and you're going to look like a failure. Or the stores will stop buying your stuff, and you don't really know why they're buying your stuff, but they're buying it, and you're not relevant anymore if you're not doing a show. Sternberg acknowledged that there were other factors that killed Band of Outsiders, chief among them his own inexperience in scaling a niche brand, but ultimately he was underfunded and overleveraged. The day he opened the store in Soho, with a Momofuku milk bar attached, he knew it was over.

Sternberg took a $2 million convertible loan from CLCC, a fashion fund backed by a Belgian shipping magnate, and defaulted six months later. The brand was collateral. Band has since been reborn as a zombie version of itself, run by the Belgians. In May 2015, he handed off passwords, keys, and a storage locker in Pomona, California with the brand's archive and walked away. But it wasn't some big disaster, he said. Well, by the end, it was a little bit of a disaster. Sternberg's story was not unique among his peers. In Europe,

luxury fashion conglomerates like LVMH and Kering paired young designers with experienced business people. In America, it was much more entrepreneurial, Andrew Rosen, a founder of Theory and an early investor in Proenza and Rag and Bone, told me. You had a lot of these incredibly talented young designers that, frankly, didn't have the business partnership to go along with it. I asked Sternberg if he felt as if he'd lost the narrative. To some extent, I didn't lose the narrative because I never had one, he said. I started making shirts and ties for men, and everybody loved them. Then I made men's clothes for women, and everybody loved them. All these amazing stores and magazines were eating them up.

I was just a kid in a candy store, waiting for an adult to step into the room and rein it all in. The adult never came. Proenza Schooler has gone through myriad investors, ending up with one that specializes in distressed assets. Last summer, Derek Lamb shut down his high-end line. In November, Zach Posen went out of business the same week as Barney's, the store that once discovered him, followed closely by opening ceremony in January.

Then COVID-19 hit. Consumers stopped having any need for fashionable clothing. Retailers scrambled to cancel and return orders. Remember RTVs? Designers were unable to cover basic expenses like rent and payroll, let alone upcoming collections. Suddenly an industry that was already on the brink ground to a complete halt.

It crystallized a lot of conversations that the fashion industry had been having for some time. Anna Winter, editor of Vogue and artistic director of Condé Nast, told me when we spoke via Zoom in May. For an industry that is meant to be about change, sometimes we take a long time to do just that. Because it's so big and there are so many moving parts. But now we were really forced into a moment when we had to reset and rethink. Full disclosure, I've written for Vogue.

Later, I asked Winter why so many designers of that generation were now struggling. "'I think in general, we've created a system "'that is unrealistic and a strain "'for even the largest of brands,' she wrote in an email. It could be that some younger designers were playing the same game and trying to keep up with the big brands, rather than determining what's best for them. In March, Vogue partnered with the CFDA to set up A Common Thread, a pandemic relief initiative that has raised $4.9 million to date.

By May, more than 1,000 companies had applied for aid. I was truly saddened by that number, Winter said, adding, I think it really is a time where we need to learn from what's happened, almost about how fragile and on the edge we were all living, and that it wasn't that solid. Stephen Kolb, the president of the CFDA, was even more blunt. I think there will be brands that don't come out of this still a business, he said. How did we get here? This is a question I asked almost everyone. I think everybody would say it's the other and not themselves, Kolb told me. I don't think you can blame one person or one part of the industry, Winter said. Certainly the media had something to do with it,

as everything went so instant through digital and the emphasis on what's new. In May, I called Jeffrey Kalinsky, the retail pioneer who opened Jeffrey in New York's meatpacking district in 1999, transforming the neighborhood into the retail zone it is today. Kalinsky was first in New York to sell Band of Outsiders. In 2005, his stores were acquired by Nordstrom, one of the department stores said to be well-positioned to survive the pandemic. I think all of us played a part, Kalinsky said.

It was the stores and the customers and the brands and all of us. I hate what's happening in the world, but I think if there's anything good that can come out of this, it's the chance to look at ourselves. Four days after we spoke, Nordstrom announced that it was closing Jeffrey. Sternberg never intended to design a

uniform for sheltering in place. After Band of Outsiders folded in 2015, he padded around his house for a few weeks and avoided the press. Then he got an email from Gwyneth Paltrow. I was so sad when band closed, she wrote. It was a dark day for fashion. I'm not sure what you're doing, where your head is at, or if you have a non-compete, but I have an idea I'd love to run by you. Soon, Sternberg had a job designing Paltrow's clothing line for Goop, her wellness and lifestyle business. Meanwhile, he thought about what he might like to do next. Sternberg surveyed the fashion scene and saw a lot of noise. The luxury minimalism of countless

Celine copycats, the maximalism of brands like Gucci, the full gamut of streetwear from Supreme to Vetements. He wanted to do something that felt like a palate cleanser. Sternberg took meetings with Target and Amazon Fashion and pitched Super Product, a line of well-designed basics that he hoped could be what The Gap once was. When neither went anywhere, he decided to do it on his own. He decided to do it on his own. Entire World was born in 2018 as a DTC, direct-to-consumer line, with no seasons, no shows, no novelty. I wanted complete freedom from that, he said. You probably know what DTC is even without knowing it.

Reformation, Everlane, Outdoor Voices, Warby Parker, Allbirds, all those sans-serif, venture-capital-funded brands that have proliferated so much in the last decade that you're probably wearing one of them right now. Have you ever bought clothes from an Instagram ad? That's DTC. Entire World is sort of post-DTC, which is to say that there is no Silicon Valley boardroom trying to solve a problem for you. It's just Sternberg, a fashion industry refugee, feeling his way through it. I'm incredibly business-minded, Sternberg said, but we're design-driven.

I come out of fashion. I'm not coming out of a PowerPoint deck. Most styles in his line are perennial. There are pleated trousers that are sort of the cooler version of what your 80s dad might wear, and a giant shirt inspired by Ralph Lauren's big shirt of the 90s. The sweatsuit, made of fabric that Sternberg developed from scratch, feels like the sartorial version of a hug. Something about its combination of color, fabric, and fit makes it feel okay to wear not only to bed, but also out. In January, I saw a woman in New York wearing it under a Burberry coat.

Unlike bands Slim Fit, most things by Entire World are roomy and wide. Its slogan is the stuff you live in. In recent years, the collapse of the fashion industry has pushed other runway designers, like Takun Panich Ghul and the shoe designer Tamara Mellon, to redefine themselves as DTC companies. Those who haven't are now being nudged in that direction. Take Bathsheba Hay, for instance, who in April had more than half of her wholesale orders slashed and $100,000 owed to her by retailers. When I reached her, she was packaging web orders from a lake house in upstate New York and selling face masks via Instagram. She estimated that before the pandemic,

DTC was about 10% of her business. But now, it's kind of all my business, she said. Emily Adams Bodie, a menswear designer who won a CFDA award last year, was until recently sold in 120 stores worldwide, with e-commerce accounting for less than 10% of her sales. In May, Bodhi was at her fiancé's parents' home in Canada, rushing to put her spring-summer collection online. Stores that we've had in our Excel sheets on the probability of getting paid at 90% now call us and say they're closing, she told me. We have to completely rely on our own selling because at the end of the day, I don't know how many stores are going to be able to carry the weight in another six months. Last November, just as everyone declared that retail

was dead, Bodie opened her own brick-and-mortar store on the Lower East Side. The store, which is sort of the old-school version of DTC, ended up saving her. What she projected to sell in a month, she started selling in a day. I don't think we'd be here without the store, she said. Hay was also looking at store space just as the crisis began, and planned to again. There's going to be a ton of empty retail space, she said. I'm sure I can find an amazing deal. The pandemic has also forced a correction of the calendar. With factories shut down and deliveries delayed, many of this

year's fall collections will, for the first time in a long while, actually arrive in season. Some in the industry have even talked about pushing the unseen and unsold 2020 collections to 2021 to avoid losses, which, by the way, is not a bad idea, Sternberg said. It's what the clothing industry has over the food industry. In the food industry, the aged inventory rots. The fascinating part is that in order to do that, to give that aged inventory value again, requires literally killing fashion, that nebulous deity that says something is in this year and not the next. In May, two separate groups of designers banded together to put forth proposals on how to change the industry. Each essentially pushed for the same thing.

Later deliveries, delayed markdowns, fewer collections. I think a lot of us are aligned on this idea that seasons have to go back to what they were, Joseph Altazara, who signed both proposals, told me. The only person who didn't think fashion had been moving too fast was the designer Virgil Abloh, even though he had to skip his own fashion show in Paris last September, who didn't think fashion had been moving too fast was the designer Virgil Abloh, even though he had to skip his own fashion show in Paris last September, reportedly because of exhaustion.

Abloh juggles his streetwear label Off-White with Louis Vuitton menswear, as well as collaborations with Nike, Ikea, Evian, Jimmy Choo, and others. I work at the pace of my ideas, and those come often, he told me. The consumer today is a hyper being. I'm not one to say, let's go back to the old days when we had rotary phones or something. He called revising the delivery schedule an obvious fix, more so

than a profound idea or anything. What does all of this mean for the shows? There will definitely be something, but nothing resembling Fashion Week as we knew it, Winter told me. Abloh announced that he will no longer show on a seasonal schedule or base his shows in one place. The Belgian designer Dries van Noten will not show until 2021. Chanel premiered a virtual resort show the week that the George Floyd protests began and came off as mostly tone-deaf. Alessandro Micheli, the Gucci designer, has reduced the number of shows from five to two, doing away with seasons and gender altogether. There has also been talk of virtual reality and films accompanied by fabric samples. In New York, the CFDA will still be the official scheduler of New York Fashion Week in September,

though it's unclear why mostly digital shows would have to be scheduled. I think Fashion Week is over, Hay said. I'm pretty sure it's over forever. If not the shows, then certainly the collective circus that travels from New York to London to Milan to Paris twice a year. The more important question is whether people will buy clothes that aren't sweatpants in the near future. Some are already designing with that uncertainty in mind. Altazara, who makes the opposite of homebody clothes, told me he was adding softer fabrics and more relaxed silhouettes to his spring 21 collection. Not necessarily like loungewear or athleisure, he said, but I think after spending months in

sweatpants, people are going to want to feel comfortable. Hay, meanwhile, was pivoting from party dresses to house dresses. I'm just like, okay, we're home more, but why does that have to be sweatpants, she said. Can it be a dress? A house dress is completely easy. You can throw it on, zip it off, whatever. Maybe I'm going too far imagining a future where we're constantly in and out of quarantine,

but business-wise, I'm sort of preparing for that. And if that's the case, what happens to designers like Jacobs? When asked about online shopping, Jacobs told Business of Fashion, I love to go to a shop. I like to see everything. I like to touch it. I like to try it on. I like to have a coffee. I like to have a bottle of water. I like to get dressed up. He raised his eyebrows for emphasis. But ordering online in a pair of grubby sweats is not my idea of living life. Incidentally, Jacobs' fall 2020 show in February was among his very best.

show in February was among his very best. The clothes referenced a pre-internet New York, while modern dancers charged at unsuspecting audience members seated at cafe tables in a way that now feels prescient. In 2008, Sternberg used to sneak into Jacobs' shows at the Lexington Avenue Armory, as everyone did then. I'm a huge Marc Jacobs fan, he told me. That was the year that Santa Gold and MIA played on every runway, and there was a magic to the way that the music, the stomping models, and the fabric in motion gave fashion its heartbeat. The incredible talent of someone like Jacobs

is that his clothes didn't even have to be produced or worn to have influence. He's all about starting a conversation that then threads its way through the system, eventually landing in a consumer's hands via a perfume or an accessory, if at all. So what happens to Mark, Sternberg asked. Where does he end up? He answered his own question. I guess in the Mercer Hotel, wearing pearls. In June, I stopped by Sternberg's garage,

where he keeps a personal archive of Band of Outsiders designs. There are crates labeled Terbs for the turb turbines he sent down the runway for fall 2013, a collection inspired by Billie Holiday and Atari video games, and SS12 for spring-summer 2012, which referenced Peter Weir's Picnic at Hanging Rock. There are also polos from his This Is Not a Polo Shirt line, fur jackets, before he got off fur, from the show that opened with mountain climbers repelling from the ceiling, and bandage skirts stitched out of suspenders.

I made that. Yay me, Sternberg said flatly. This is some ugly print that Rashida Jones wore on Good Morning America, he said. Sternberg loves Jones. It's his own work he's ambivalent about. What do you do with all this expletive? You don't want to throw it out. Give it away? Should someone be wearing it? It's not art, for God's sake. Going through this stuff, Sternberg was a bit like a musician revisiting the hits he made

before he got sober. He loves them, he really does, but the excess of it weighs on him. All those ideas that never became anything, all those materials, all that waste, like the shoes. Lace-up Manolo Blahniks and golf-cleat Oxfords and platforms with watch bands as straps, all developed just for the shows, at 30 pairs per show and never even produced. And it's season after season, he said. It's not like you're making an iPhone, where you're going to mass produce it and then iterate on it. Last year, Sternberg let his CFDA membership lapse. He saw it as a largely New York Fashion Week-centric institution. He saw it as a largely New York Fashion Week-centric institution.

They don't offer anything for what I'm doing, he said. They should be trying to figure out what all this is and how they could support it. The CFDA subsequently reached out to Sternberg. They were sort of like, what are you doing? And I just said, this is what I'm doing. What are you doing? When you're in my zone, let's talk. When I asked Kolb if the CFDA could do more to support DTC companies, he said,

I think that's a big question. That's not an answer I have. It was ultimately up to the board, he added. But I know we have those conversations all the time. Whatever tensions there may be, everyone I spoke to praised Sternberg's reinvention in the way that fashion people praise things, which is to say, with a tiny bit of shade. Love, Scott, Anna Wintour said. It seems very honest to me and very realistic. I understand not everyone can afford Marc Jacobs or Chanel. Kolb told me, I think Scott is a brilliant marketer, adding, it works really well with a basics brand. But he also credited him with anticipating this moment. Whatever happened between him and the investors and however he got

out of that maybe at the time was painful, but it enabled him to start over. I think brands that are in it now, it's much harder to make that change. Even Virgil Abloh, the designer of Vuitton menswear, was excited when I brought up Sternberg's name. Oh, I loved Band of Outsiders, he said. My question is, where did he go? My question is, where did he go? By June, U.S. clothing sales rebounded, but they were still down overall from the year before. Market analysts predicted that with infections soaring again and stimulus money running out, that uptick might be temporary. The anomalies have been mostly athleisure companies, like Lululemon, the purveyor of

bougie leggings, whose shares have surged in recent months. Entire world is still tiny, but in its second year, Sternberg says its revenue is already eight times that of Band of Outsiders by the same point, and that's while selling much more product. $15 underwear and socks, $32 tees, $88 sweatshirts. Despite the recent good sales, Sternberg has still had to scale back. In February, he expected to get a round of financing from investors in Korea, but then the virus hit there first, and that evaporated. The same week that the sweatpants were selling out, he laid off three of his nine employees and cut styles he planned to add in the fall.

Even before the pandemic, persuading investors to bet on clothing brands had become a drag. This is the schmata business, he told me. It's no longer sexy. Investors want something disruptive. When they're with their investor friends, they want to say they invested in, like, flavored water or an operating system that changes the way we walk. Investors that do pump money into DTC brands are after swift returns, pushing companies to grow big and fast in a way that's unsustainable. One such casualty was Outdoor Voices, the athletic apparel company that reportedly took in $60 million of venture capital money and faltered in February, with its CEO ousted and its valuation plummeting. his own good. Investors are only interested in like billion-dollar company, unicorns,

Sternberg said. Sternberg doesn't want to be a unicorn. He just wants to be profitable by next year. The second band tried to grow, that's when we stopped being profitable, he said. Sternberg wouldn't remember this, but we met briefly a long time ago, when I covered his spring show in September 2008, mere weeks before the financial crash. He seemed different now, sort of softer around the edges, which also happens to be how he describes his new line. I'm much lighter as a person, he said. I know that whatever I'm doing for work is not the end-all, be-all of my life. That doesn't mean I don't emotionally invest in all this and want it to thrive, but my identity and sense of self-worth isn't tied to its success or failure.

Would I like this to work? Sure. But is it going to ruin me? No. The last week, Sternberg admitted, had been rough. Though Schiff, his managing director, had recovered from COVID-19, a billionaire seed investor informed Sternberg that he would not be investing any more money. And it's not like we haven't hit our numbers, Sternberg said. In a way, if it weren't for the pandemic, this might have been the end of entire world. When the pandemic hit, he had maybe six weeks of runway left. The sales boom has extended that to at least the end of the summer. Still, he had to get more product up on the website, and for that, he had to pay his factories.

He found the whole thing depressing. Here he was, perhaps the only one in fashion who couldn't sell merchandise fast enough in a pandemic, and no one was interested in investing. It's a slog, Sternberg said. It's a constant series of disappointing conversations. He thought it was indicative of where the industry was now. Someone like Marc Jacobs would probably be okay because he was backed by LVMH. But what would happen to the upstarts?

If the wholesale model could no longer be relied on to fund young designers and private equity and venture capitalists pushed them to expand so quickly that they inevitably imploded, was there any hope for brands to grow slowly and thoughtfully over time? If not, fashion might go the way of other industries, like film, in which there are the blockbusters and the tiny indies and nothing in between. Band didn't need to be a $100 million brand, Sternberg said. But is there a place for a $30 million brand that can self-sustain and be around year after year? Certainly not with big backers,

because that's not interesting to them. Wholesale used to be able to support that, but it also ultimately killed it. Fashion is, by definition, unpredictable. People buy clothes for illogical, emotional reasons. The challenge, as Sternberg saw it, was to build a brand that could be immune to trends and novelty and whatever dystopian disaster was coming next.

The trick with fashion is that we're not selling toilet paper, he said, which of course, during COVID, toilet paper sales go up. But ultimately, it will level out because there's only so many butts in the world. That hasn't changed. People are just hoarding. Fashion is really different. You have to assume the cycle will change even if you're doing commodity. And how will you keep up with that?

How do you build a business that can sustain those fluctuations over time? That was his pitch anyway, but so far, no one seemed to be listening. One investor suggested that maybe Sternberg should turn Entire World into a TV show that would advertise the clothes. Sternberg, sounds easy. Another told him, wow, it's great that you're doing well, but I'm actually looking into distressed assets now. Instead of investing into a young business that was actually making money, the investor was looking to swoop in and pick off bigger brands that were now on the brink of bankruptcy. Reviving a corpse was easier than tending to a newborn. As this investor saw it, that, in the end, held the promise of a bigger payoff.

This was recorded by Autumn. Autumn is an app you can download to listen to lots of audio stories from publishers such as The New York Times, The New Yorker, Vanity Fair, and The Atlantic.