The Deck - Jacqueline Brown (King of Spades, Ohio)

Episode Date: December 27, 2023

Our card this week is Jacqueline Brown, the King of Spades from Ohio.Jacqueline Brown and her coworkers went out on July 12th, 1985 to cash their paychecks and celebrate payday with some drinks. Instead, the night ended in tragedy when residents in another part of town were awoken to find Jacqueline shot and begging for help. And while first responders may not have been able to save her, detectives are dedicated to finding her killer... who may have been someone she knew.If you have any tips or remember someone acting suspicious around or after Jackie's death, please call and let detectives know. No lead is too small. Call the Dayton Police Department cold case tip line at 937-333-7109.To apple for a Cold Case Playing Card grant through Season of Justice, please visit www.seasonofjustice.org.  Let us deal you in… follow The Deck on social media.Instagram: @thedeckpodcast | @audiochuckTwitter: @thedeckpodcast_ | @audiochuckFacebook: /TheDeckPodcast | /audiochuckllcThe Deck is hosted by Ashley Flowers. Instagram: @ashleyflowersTikTok: @ashleyflowerscrimejunkieTwitter: @Ash_FlowersFacebook: /AshleyFlowers.AFFollow The Deck on social media and join Ashley’s community by texting [phone] to stay up to date on what's new!

Our card this week is Jacqueline Brown, the King of Spades from Ohio. 38 years ago, Jacqueline left a bar to head back to her place for a casual night with friends, but she would never make it. Not even 10 minutes away from her apartment, she was shot and killed. Her case has left investigators with more questions than answers, but the right person could have the information police need to unlock this case, and all of its secrets. I'm Ashley Flowers, and this is The Deck. In the early morning hours of July 12, 1985, the residential neighborhood along Brooklyn Avenue on the west side of Dayton, Ohio was quiet. Most of its residents were still asleep in their beds, but at 3 a.m., a sound rang out

that began waking the neighbors. One resident, who will call Amy, sat bolt right up in her bed trying to make sense of what she was hearing. It was a car horn, but not just a single horn. It rang out over and over again. At first, she thought maybe someone was picking up a neighbor and they were just being loud, but the honking didn't stop. So she got out of bed and made her way to the window to see what was happening outside. Here's Retire Detective Doyle Burke, who was originally on the case back in 1985. She said that she heard the horn blowing. Finally looked out the window, saw the lady still in the car blowing her horn. The lady then got out, laid over the hood of the car, yelling, help?

I've been shot. And then the lady walked over the sidewalk where she fell down, still yelling for help. Amy and several of the other neighbors rushed around the woman in her car trying to make sense of what was happening. Amy hadn't heard a gunshot, no one had actually, but the woman in front of them was bleeding profusely from the lower left side of her abdomen. Another woman called for an ambulance, and while they were on the phone, they tried to get some more information about what happened while she was still conscious. So she actually said, I've been shot and robbed.

She then asked to complain it by who, and the complainant acted as if she knew, but wouldn't say. While they were waiting for an ambulance, the injured woman on the ground began repeating a phone number, asking someone, anyone there around her, to call it. Another neighbor in the growing crowd ran to dial. Now, I'm not sure if they described the woman or just said the name that was embroidered on the smog she was wearing, Jackie, when that person on the other end picked up, but that person they were now talking to claimed that they had no idea who this Jackie was.

By the time paramedics and police arrived, the woman was barely clinging to consciousness. They acted quickly, though, trying to stop the bleeding and preparing to transport her to the hospital. And as they worked to save her, they actually found an ID in her pocket. Jackie was 26-year-old Jacqueline Brown. When she was loaded into the ambulance and on her way to the hospital, investigators took stock of the scene. The car is part kind of rolled to a stop, kind of catty-cordered into the street. It's an old 72-pony at Catalina.

Car doors opened, of course, when she's found, but the window was down on the driver's side. Investigators got a full view of the interior of the car, and there was a menagerie of items inside, but the only thing they didn't see was a purse or wallet. Since Jackie said she'd been robbed, though, that it was almost expected. There were a few other notable things in and on the car, though, like a few strands of hair, some beer cans, and a spent 45 caliber casing found sitting in the gap between the hood and the windshield.

They collected that along with numerous fingerprints found all over the car. There was a lot to process, and we actually have a picture from Detective Burke showing what the crime scene looked like and just how chaotic it was. You can find those photos in the blog post for this episode at thedeckpodcast.com. As detectives were bagging everything, they got word that their aggravated robbery and assault case had officially become a homicide. They were told that Jackie, who'd been cleaning the consciousness in route to the hospital, was pronounced dead at 5.19 a.m.

Investigators then had the difficult job of notifying her family. Her mom, Francis, was devastated. But the raw truth of investigations is that there isn't much breathing room in those first few moments. Before you can even process the grief, you're being asked questions that need quick answers because those first few hours are so critical. What can you tell us about Jackie? Why was she on Brooklyn Avenue this morning?

Who would want her dead? Frances wasn't able to give them much insight into why her daughter ended up on Brooklyn Avenue. She didn't work or live in the immediate area, so as far as she knew, she didn't have a reason to be on the West Side. Her interview did answer one mystery, though. And that was about the phone number that Jackie had been repeating before she died. It was Francis' number, almost. But somehow in her panic or confusion from the blood loss, Jackie had gotten one digit wrong. So Francis never got the call.

Jackie had gotten one digit wrong, so Francis never got the call. Jackie's autopsy was conducted later that same day on July 12, and the pathologist found that the bullet she was shot with was still lodged in her torso. It traveled at a slight downward angle, which, combined with the lack of what's called tattooing, told investigators a lot. But when a gun fires, the flame effect, the explosion of the round and the unburve powders, the tattooing or stippling, none of that was found. So it's not a distant shot, but it's not close range shot. It certainly consistent with her with the door open and somebody standing outside the car.

They believed Jackie had been sitting in the driver's seat when she was shot, but there was a lot they still didn't know. Like whether the bullet they recovered from her body matched that 45 casing found between the hood and the windshield. So they sent it off for testing. After the autopsy, detectives went back to Brooklyn Avenue later that day to Canvas the area and to talk to residents who may have heard something. They were especially hoping that someone might have heard the gunshot.

And one person did, although he didn't actually get up to go see what had happened. He lived a block away from where Jackie was found and told detectives that he heard what sounded like a single gunshot at around 3am, followed by a carhorn blaring. But that was it. No one else seemed to have heard anything other than the carhorn. They searched the area around where the neighbor said he heard the gunshot, but there were no bullet casings or even blood to indicate exactly where along Brooklyn Avenue she was shot.

They also didn't find the chain wallet that they were told Jackie always kept hooked to her belt loop and tucked in her pocket. But based on what Little They knew so far, a picture of what had happened that night was starting to come together. Jackie had been sitting in her car with her driver's side window down when she'd been shot. She tried to drive away, but only got a few blocks away before she realized she needed help. So she pulled over, laid on the horn, and tried to get the attention of the neighbors. After they got all the answers they could from canvassing the area,

detectives' next stop was Jackie's workplace, which was a small factory less than 10 minutes south of the scene. They learned from her boss and co-workers that Jackie had clocked out of the night shift only a few hours before she was killed. In fact, when they sat down to get her co-workers' statements and put together a more concrete timeline, detectives realized that her co-workers were likely some of the last people to see Jackie alive. Jackie's coworkers told investigators that their shift had ended at midnight. It was payday too and on payday they had a routine. International fine-blanking corporation, it's a factory where they all worked. On payday they would all go to a local bar, cashier checks, which we confirmed they did, every one of them.

And then one of them would say, let's go here, let's go there. To kind of clarify one thing, IFC is very small. 15, 16 employees. It's all one group, not 500 employees or some massive production. In the early hours of the 12th, the group bounced from one place to another, drinking and having a good time until about 2.30 in the morning. There was only a handful of them left by that point. Most everyone had already had at home, which detectives confirmed.

But Jackie wanted to keep the party going. So she invited those remaining over to her place, three co-workers, Theodora, Donnie, and Roger. Those were the three that took her up on her offer. So they closed out their tabs and drove over to Jackie's apartment on the northwest side of Dayton. Theodora, who went by Teddy, was among the first of the little group to talk to investigators. She told detectives that she and Roger rode together and Donnie and Jackie each drove separately. But as they were headed north to her apartment, she saw something strange. detectives that she and Roger rode together and Donnie and Jackie each drove separately. But as they were headed north to her apartment, she saw something strange.

They're following her and she does not take the exit to her house. They say, well, she was going to go get us some things, which at the time was crank. And it's basically meth. It's the crack of meth infediments. She was known by co-workers and friends to be able to go and get some marijuana and things. Teddy said it was common for Jackie to deal small amounts of drugs to her friends. She even kept various paraphernalia in her apartment specifically for the sale of drugs. Assuming that's what she was going to get, Teddy said that the group decided to just go wait

for her at her apartment. However, after waiting for about a half an hour without her showing up, the group was over it and the three of them left. And Teddy seemed like she was telling the truth, at least at first. But the more they spoke and the more she talked about Jackie and their group of friends, the more unclear her version of that night became.

She even ended up backtracking and admitting that she wasn't really sure if the car she'd seen passing Jackie's exit was actually Jackie's at all. The more Teddy talked to detectives, the less sense she was making. For instance, she claimed that she'd overheard one of their co-workers talking to Jackie about going to get some pot that night. But when detectives followed up with that co-worker, he claimed that never happened. In fact, he'd left the bar with his girlfriend and another friend, both of whom corroborated his story and claimed he hadn't gone anywhere with Jackie. She also mentioned she knew of two men that Jackie typically bought drugs from.

These guys named Blue and Bob. And maybe she was trying to be helpful, you know, just give them any information she knew to try and help them solve her friend's murder, but spoiler alert, no one else they talked to ever mentioned these two people. In fact, I don't think investigators could even corroborate if they existed. So it didn't quite come off as helpful. Rather, it seemed to me like Teddy wanted to get police to stop looking at her and her friends. But as you can imagine, her deflection had the opposite effect. Detectives also talked to Roger, and they were hopeful that he would be able to provide

some clarity. Because remember, Roger's the man that Teddy said she was in the car with when they all headed to Jackie's. And Rogers' story was the same as Teddy's. He told detectives that he, Teddy, and Donnie all waited for Jackie, and I'm assuming he waited for the same reason that Teddy did because they thought she went to pick up drugs for them. But by about 3am, they decided to give up, and he left with Teddy to just drive around

for a bit. He told detectives that he finally took her home at about 4.15. Now, where did they drive to or what did he and Teddy do in that hour and 15 minutes? Great question, he wouldn't tell detectives. Now, the last of the trio was Donnie. Before detectives even got around to speaking with him, they learned that he had actually called out of work on the 12th. The first sign that maybe something was up with him. Second sign?

That would be when they connected with him the next day on the 13th, and he pretended like he didn't even know who Jackie was. Literally, I mean they asked him his version of event for the night leading up to Jackie's death, but his first response was Jackie Who. Now they had numerous people placing Donnie with Jackie and the group that night. Roger had even drawn them a chart of where everyone had been sitting while they were out at the bar, and according to him, Jackie spent most of the night between Teddy and Donnie chatting with both of them.

Then Donnie drove to her apartment. So what do you mean Jackie who? When detectives finally managed to jog his memory, he didn't seem all that concerned about Jackie's murder. But he did back up Teddy and Roger's story about Jackie not showing up to her apartment, and then he said he left when they did. Also, like Teddy and Roger though, he said he left when they did. Also, like Teddy and Roger, though, he said he didn't go straight home. He wanted to drive himself

to another bar, but he told detectives that he got lost along the way, and so he too, just drove around. When detectives asked why he'd called out of work, he told them that his mom's car broke down in Kentucky, and he had to go pick her up. At first, he wasn't very forthcoming. He insisted he didn't know what happened to Jackie after they all left the bar together, but detectives pressed him a little. You know, if you had to guess, what do you think happened? And that's when he nonchalantly replied, quote, oh, her husband probably did it. And if you're thinking, wait a minute, Jackie had a husband? Hold your horses, because Jackie didn't have a husband.

She was rumored to have dated someone recently, but as far as detectives knew from family and friends, that man was living with his ex-wife and hadn't been with Jackie at all that week. So Donnie's comment about a husband was off-putting, to say the least. I mean, the whole interview was off-putting. But it wasn't actually proof of anything other than the fact that he was a liar. Which was further confirmed when detectives interviewed another coworker that day and

found out that Donnie tried having sex with Jackie prior to her murder but was rejected by her. The rejection, plus his behavior, was super suspicious. But there wasn't any physical evidence or witness statements that could connect him with Jackie's actual murder. But while physical evidence was lacking, polygraphs were abundant. Almost every person detectives asked to take a polygraph agreed, and most of them passed with flying colors. That is, all but three people. Two of those were Teddy and Donnie, which may not be all that surprising.

And the third person was actually the man that said he left early with his girlfriend. But before we spiral down that rabbit hole, investigators don't believe that he was actually involved with anything that evening. He had a strong alibi, and his failed polygraph could have just been a fluke. With nowhere else to turn, detectives went to Jackie's apartment thinking something there might give them a clue. Even if everyone swears up and down that they never made it there that night. But once they searched it, they didn't really

find anything. Though not actually finding anything was something in and of itself. Because remember all that paraphernalia that Teddy was so sure Jackie kept in her apartment? Well, there was nothing there, nothing to suggest that she was this small-time drug dealer that Teddy made her out to be. But finding nothing meant they still couldn't tie the trio to Jackie's murder in any way. So investigators put out a statement asking the public to come forward with any details they had. And that's when a tip came in from a man who said that he thought he knew who killed Jackie. And it wasn't someone in our sketchy little trio. It was a guy named Donnell. The tipster said that Donnell was a known drug

dealer in Trotwood, which is a city northwest of Dayton. Actually, that's where Jackie's mom lived. The tipster claimed that Donnell was also known to frequent drug houses on the west side around Brooklyn Avenue. And he'd actually been fired recently from his job for allegedly selling drugs through the drive-through window. Here's what retired Detective Burke had to say about Donnell, and just a heads up we've removed Donnell's last name. We did talk to Detective Entrotwood. He had seen the victim Jackie Brown with a black male in the passenger side and it matched

general description and that she had driven up in her vehicle with this male two or three different times. Before we keep going I want to give a quick side note about Dayton in the 80s. At the time, all of this was going down, racial tensions were high in several areas, one of which being the West Side. According to another statement, if a white person wanted to go by drugs around Brooklyn Avenue, they had to be accompanied by a black person. And it was common knowledge to detectives that Donnell was willing to help out his white

friends like Jackie. So, if Jackie needed to pick up something over on Brooklyn Avenue on the West side for her friends, presumably she would need Donnell or someone like him and other black friend to go with her. Despite witness is placing Donnell and Jackie together at some point, no one came forward and explicitly said that they'd been seen together on the night that Jackie was murdered. And it turns out they couldn't have been, because Donnell was actually in jail at the time of her murder. Now at some point detectives were also told that Donnell was seen driving Jackie's car

on one occasion. But investigators weren't too sure about this. As Detective Burke put it back in the day, Tan Ponyat Catalinas were about as common as a white Ford today. So all in all, detectives had no idea if Donnell was even connected or not. Teddy and Roger and Donnie were still high on their list of potential suspects. So this whole Donnell thing was maybe just one more piece of the puzzle that they were trying to put together.

They were really hoping that forensic and ballistics results would help some of those pieces fit. And just six days after Jackie's murder, on July 18, detectives got those results. First, the bullet recovered from Jackie's body wasn't from a 45-calibre gun like the shell casing found in the gap between the hood and the windshield. Rather, it turned out to be a 38-calibre, which is used in revolvers. And since investigators couldn't find a casing, it led them to believe that the line of revolver was most likely an Arminius or Taurus, which according to Burke doesn't expel casings. They put the casing and bullet into Nibin, but got no hits linking either to other cases.

In addition to the ballistic results, they also got an analysis of the fingerprints that were collected all around the inside and outside of Jackie's car. It turned out that the majority of those prints belonged to Jackie, unsurprisingly, and the remaining prints had limited value, so there wasn't much they could do with them. Just when things were looking down, there was this other person that came forward and requested to talk to the police about what he knew regarding the night of Jackie's murder. This is a man that will call Wayne, and he said that he heard from people, people he didn't want to name, that what detectives knew about Jackie's last night wasn't all true.

Yes, she'd gone out. Yes, she'd invited people back to her place. But she didn't leave in her car alone. According to this person, Jackie actually left the last bar that night with someone. Wayne told detectives that the person that left with Jackie was allegedly known to her and her friends. And those friends with her that night knew she left with this man. But Wayne didn't actually have a name for detectives, although he told them he might be able

to get one. So they were just left hoping he would come through. And they were left wondering if that original trio, or maybe all of Jackie's coworkers, were all covering for one of their own. So they went back through their witness statements with a fine-tuned comb to try and corroborate Wayne's statement, but detective just couldn't.

And that's where the influx of information to detectives stalled out. Things went quiet, and Wayne never ended up circling back with that name. But Jackie's mom, Francis, wasn't going to let her daughter's case just stall out like that, not without a fight. According to Dayton Daily News, over the next several months, Frances got friends and family together to help hand out over 6,000 flyers in August of 1985. And they posted over 350 posters with information about a reward, hoping that that would motivate someone to come forward with useful tips.

But by May of 1986, Frances was tired. Tired of waiting for detectives to dig up a new lead, and tired of trying to fight for her daughter on her own. So she decided to turn to private investigators who were former Dayton police detectives themselves. She hoped maybe a fresh set of eyes would turn up something useful. And one month into the PI's investigation, they actually landed on who they believed was a strong suspect. During their investigation, they were tipped off by an inmate who overheard a man, claim

that his brother was responsible for Jackie Brown's death. That informant, who we won't be naming, heard that the brother of this man had fought with Jackie just before her murder. Now, by the time the PIs were hearing this, it was like third-hand information. But they felt that it was strong enough to at least turn the man's name over to the active detectives on the case. But when Detective Burke and his superiors looked at their evidence back then, they didn't put too much stock in it.

He told our reporter that although well-meaning, the tip itself was more redundant than anything. So this became kind of the theme investigators were seeing. Someone would come forward, they would say they know something about Jackie's murder, sometimes even give them a name of the person they thought did it. But when detectives actually tried to dig into the tips, they couldn't substantiate anything. We got all the, oh he did it because I don't like him. But we never got anybody said, yeah this guy, I believe this guy, he showed me the gun, he told me about it, he described her the car or whatever. You know anything, yeah it was a white girl in a big tan, Pontiac.

Anything. I think you can see from this, everybody has something that's just out there with no basis for it. So what do you do? And if anybody says, well, I think she went to this house, or I saw her in a car with, I did this, I did that. If it's something you can kind of say, well, let's see if that's the truth.

Most of them were truthful in what they're saying, but it's, I heard, I think that was her car. I mean, you could pass polygraph on a lot of things. If you believe it to be true, I mean, you know how that works. I do know how that works. And I know that polygraphs are not a reliable piece of evidence when it comes to convicting someone of a crime. But in this case, the polygraphs Jackie's co-workers took were pretty much all detectives had. But those polygraph results collected dust, as did all the statements and leads that took them nowhere. And that's why Jackie's case went cold.

It was reopened once in 2008 when advances in DNA technology allowed investigators to test things like the beer cans in her car. But the lab's emissions produced negative results. They also tried pursuing old leads, the same ones I just laid out for you, but by 2009 they were back to square one. In 2014, Frances passed away, without ever getting the answers she was looking for in her daughter's case. But I think she would be happy to know that Jackie's case is open once again, and getting reinvestigated. They're ready to solve this mystery once and for all. Retire

Detective Burke returned to the DPD on a part-time basis in 2022 to help out the cold case unit, and he has been working on Jackie's case in particular for the last year. He told us that he's ready to track down some pretty promising leads. It worked homicide for 22 years as all I know, and to come back and get to still do that and maybe get a second shot at some of these cases is just a godsend. You have some familiarity with it, and you're able to kind of go through, don't waste our time on this, let's focus on this.

We never really had time to follow this as far as we would have liked to at the time, or this is something I wish we had DNA at the time, let's look at this. So I like that. So this is going to take something fresh. I really believe this is one. It's going to take some ideas to say, all right, I'll tell you. Almost 40 years have passed without any answers to the many questions that still haunt this case.

Jackie's missing wallet still has never been recovered. As far as police know, no one in her friend group can be tied to the 38 that killed her. And while they were all close, no one can be sure if they were so close that she would have been willing to take her killer's name to the grave. Ultimately, we believe it will all come down to someone knowing or remembering something unusual during the early morning hours of July 12, 1985. It was a night like any other. Payday had come, co-workers cashed their checks, and what started as a casual night out turned

into a tragedy that left Jackie Brown begging for help on the west side of Dane. That's what's going to solve this case. I really believe is word of mouth information. Tell us where the dope house was or where you thought it was. Did they have a car? Or is it one person, two person, black, white, male, for you? We don't have any of that. If you were with or remember seeing someone in the car

with Jackie Brown as she was leaving Jay and Jean's bar to go to her apartment, please let police know. That may be the key to figuring out what exactly happened that morning. If you have any tips or remember someone acting suspicious around or after Jackie's death, please call and let detectives know that as well. No lead is too small. You can call the Dayton Police Department Col case tip line at 937-333-7109. The Deck is an audio truck production

with theme music by Ryan Lewis. To learn more about the Deck and our advocacy work, visit the DeckPodcast.com. So what do you think, Chuck? Do you approve? AHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH