The Diary Of A CEO with Steven Bartlett - The Coffee Expert: The Surprising Link Between Coffee, Mental Health, Depression & Heart Disease! James Hoffmann

Episode Date: November 20, 2023

If you enjoy hearing about the world of coffee, I recommend you check out my conversation with the founder of Pret, Julian Metcalfe, which you can find here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uViyOJsc6O4 It’s the world’s most popular drink, with people drinking over 2 billion cups a day, but we still can’t agree on the most important facts about coffee. In this new episode Steven sits down with the world leading coffee expert, James Hoffmann. James won the World Barista Championship in 2007, is the co-founder of Square Mile Coffee Roasters and through his YouTube channel has become one of the leading figures in the world of coffee. He is also the author of ‘The World Atlas of Coffee’ and ‘How to Make the Best Coffee at Home’. In this conversation James and Steven discuss topics, such as: Where coffee really comes from How coffee is the world's most popular drug Why you can't tell how much caffeine is in your coffee How to get the maximum benefit from coffee How he went from not drinking coffee to an expert in 2 years Why coffee costs so much The best high street coffee you can buy How we are all addicted to coffee Why you get the coffee jitters What is the lethal level of coffee How caffeine is an insect repellent The history of coffee How coffee changed the world Why 1 cup of coffee will increase your life How he became the world’s best barista The best way to make coffee How to have a better cup of coffee Why coffee pods are rubbish His favourite coffee How he made his passion his life Why he became obsessed by coffee How he learned to communicate You can purchase James’ most recent book, ‘How to Make The Best Coffee at Home’, here: https://amzn.to/3SO1Xl1 Follow James: Instagram: https://bit.ly/3SOu0Rn Twitter: https://bit.ly/3ukOQOe Follow me: https://beacons.ai/diaryofaceo

Quick one. Just wanted to say a big thank you to three people very quickly. First people I want to say thank you to is all of you that listen to the show. Never in my wildest dreams is all I can say. Never in my wildest dreams did I think I'd start a podcast in my kitchen and that it would expand all over the world as it has done. And we've now opened our first studio in America, thanks to my very helpful team led by Jack on the production side of things. So thank you to Jack and the team for building out the new American studio. And thirdly to to Amazon Music, who when they heard that we were expanding to the United States, and I'd be recording a lot more over in the States, they put a massive billboard in Times Square for the show. So thank you so much, Amazon Music. Thank you to our team. And

thank you to all of you that listened to this show. Let's continue. You're the former world barista champion. So we have cups of coffee here from different suppliers. So coffee number one. Yeah, I'd be surprised if that was expensive. I'd be a little bit outraged if that was expensive. That's kind of weird. That's really interesting. If you want the best experience for coffee, this one.

I can reveal that is... James Hoffman! One of the most famous people in the world when it comes to coffee. James has close to two million subscribers on YouTube. The most popular piece of coffee broadcasting on the planet. You've committed a huge portion of your life to coffee. What advice have you got for me? Okay.

London has some of the best coffee shops in the world. Don't get an espresso machine for help. Coffee pods. They're a microwave meal. How long does it take to decay? The minute you open that bag, it's on its way out and it will happen really quickly. You walk into the Starbucks, what do you order? If I'm being fully weird. Be fully weird. Fine. Then I'm going to... Say I've got a hundred pounds for the machinery. Coffee grinders are the right investment.

They are more important than the machine. What's your favorite cup of coffee? If I'm honest, it is... Are we addicted? it's the world's most popular psychoactive drug but look at the science coffee seems to be healthy and have a really positive impact wherever it's been measured it's a great source of fiber it is like having another vegetable into the diet people tend to perform better on cognitive tests it looks like coffee drinkers survive longer the problem with it is that coffee has this really depressing future why james you've committed a huge portion of your life to a drink to a bean bean, to coffee. Yeah. Why?

I love it. It brings me intense pleasure, like the whole thing. I think I fell in love with it 20 years ago. And I tried working in wine. People get falling in love with wine, right? Like people with the drink, with the culture, with where it's grown, all that stuff. The same can be true with coffee and turned out to be true for me.

And I'm kind of obsessed with learning. And coffee is so big. People see it as kind of niche. What I do is a niche. But it's this global thing. It's in every culture. There's everything from botany to science to health. All the rest of it's wrapped in this one thing.

So I can spend lifetimes learning about it and never be done. It's just huge fun. And it's one of those things that's capable of an incredible surprise. People's expectations of coffee are very low often. And when you kind of show them what it can be, that's a very satisfying moment that never gets tiring. Because I just thought of coffee as a drink that everyone seems to be pretty addicted to. But I imagine your perspective on that is a little bit more um artistic and expansive i mean yes and no coffee's existence kind of blows my mind as the thing that we all do that for over 100 years now it's been normal to have the ground up seeds of a tropical fruit plant

just sitting in your cupboard and you're going to steep that in water and drink it that's a weird human thing that we do and it's just been a part of everyone's lives for as long as they can remember coffee's just there but it turns out in sort of the last 20 years, we've had this boom of specialty coffee, where we've kind of showcased how interesting it can be. You know, it's not just this commoditized thing. And I think that bit has sort of changed consumption around the world now, actually. I see it in every country. You know, people's opinions and expectations of coffee have shifted massively. When I first started drinking coffee, which I think I was quite late to coffee,

and I think I'm quite a low level consumer of coffee. Part of the reason I was put off drinking coffee was because it appears that the entirety of society are addicted to it. And it might have this sort of first principle belief that anything that has a significant upside must come with a significant downside. Sure. And no one can tell me what the downside was. So I was just very reluctant to engage in an addiction when I can see the upside. I can see people are more focused. They seem to be higher in energy.

That's the appearance I have. But the downside was never clear. We are addicted, aren't we? Do you know, I don't like that word. Really? I can imagine that. No, no. It's, yeah, it's the world's most popular psychoactive drug it is the most widely consumed so psychoactive

drug yes i would say it's absolutely bound itself into society now are we addicted yeah i mean addiction is complicated i'm not an expert on addiction i would say there's a level of dependency if you stop drinking caffeine you will suffer for 24 to 48 hours. It might be a kind of big old headache. It might be something else. So, you know, you will have symptoms if you stop consuming it, but you can stop consuming coffee and then go for years without an urge to consume it again. So I wouldn't say addiction's quite the right word for it. But yeah, we are, I would say, deeply dependent on it. Have you ever stopped drinking it for a prolonged period of time? Not for a prolonged period of time. It's pretty hard for me not to sort of consume caffeine doing what I do. Like there's just a need to taste, a need to, you know, drink the stuff. I've stopped

over periods. I've gotten sick. I've gone a week or two without it. But I've changed my attitude to caffeine generally. I'm much more careful around it because I think it is worthy of concern, the amount of caffeine you consume. Like I'm very pro coffee. I want people to drink and enjoy coffee. But at the same time, I am very nervous to encourage caffeine consumption that might be excessive because that's definitely not good for you. Why?

Sleep. Like ultimately anything in this world that interrupts your sleep, perhaps with the exception of children, is probably to be avoided, right? Like sleep quality for every outcome, be it, you know, body composition, longevity, all the rest of it, like cognition.

Sleep's so important. And I feel like we didn't culturally prioritize the sleep the way we are beginning to now. You know, I think more and more people are talking about the importance of sleep. And it's really easy to get into a cycle with caffeine of drinking too much coffee in the day, you have poor quality sleep. You're tired the next day. I'll fix that with more caffeine, which will give you lower quality sleep at night. And that cycle can go on and on and on. I think that's very, that's a bad thing, basically.

I would say that's to be avoided. So I'm pro cutting off caffeine early if you suffer with it in any way. And there's enough ways to track your sleep these days. I feel like everything's tracking our sleep. So you can tell if you've had a bad night's sleep and if you drank a coffee late, maybe don't do that anymore

because caffeine has about a five hour half-life. So even 10 hours after you drank a cup of coffee, there's still a decent amount floating around in your system, enough that might, you know, delay onset of sleep or reduce the quality of your sleep. Isn't it bonkers that people offer you an espresso after dinner in restaurants? Yeah, I don't get it.

For some people, they find it very calming and they really enjoy it. They love it. They have no issue sleeping. I cannot touch caffeine after like 3 p.m. i have like a hard cut off and i'm done um but yeah i find that you know there's the idea that it's a digestive aid i'm not sure that's super well evidenced uh to be honest uh having looked into it anyway but if people enjoy it i'm not going to get in the way of it but for and some people sleep like a baby afterwards i was amazed by those people that were like yeah coffee i gotta sleep like how how and there's big

genetic differences and i think we're starting to see those and you can get genetic tests done that will give you an idea of your uh caffeine metabolizer kind of rate are you slow are you fast but um yeah it's it's it's one of those weird things where because how coffee is made can impact the quantity of caffeine in the end cup, you can't accurately predict how much caffeine is in a coffee from a coffee shop. There's a bunch of variables that can happen that will produce a pretty big variance. So this incredibly popular drug, we don't know how much we're taking most of the time which i think is kind of wild uh and maybe not a good thing and so i'm i'm kind of pro mindful consumption of this stuff if that makes sense like uh just be aware of it and thoughtful about it and still enjoy it i want people to drink and enjoy coffee but i want as much upside as possible as little downside use the word drug

there with drugs you get a sort of tolerance that requires you to have more and more of the thing to get to the same levels of i don't know psychoactiveness is that the same with coffee where if i have one coffee today in a couple of months time i'm going to need two to get to the same level of like alertness yes and no uh it seems to be that the benefits that we see of caffeine when it comes to cognition disappear with habitual usage and actually adding more doesn't change it that first coffee that feels so good is taking as sort of instead of going from zero to one it's taking us from minus one to zero it's removing the kind of withdrawal symptom almost and bringing us back to a kind of

level of like, okay, I'm here now. And so if you really, really want maximum benefit from caffeine, be it cognition or sports or anything else, then actually having a period without coffee beforehand will give you the sort of greatest benefit afterwards. So there's a habituation, I guess, but it doesn't escalate the way that drugs do. Like you don't need to suddenly be drinking six, eight, 10 cups of coffee to have an effect. You'll just feel weird. So yeah, a little bit though. Again, going back to my first principles, one of my first principles in life generally,

and this is why I often avoid medicine, paracetamol, you name it. I'd rather take the headache than start dabbling because I always think there's a cost to something. When I think about the way we live our lives in society, we literally, many people will have three or four cups of coffee a day. Some people even more. Some people will just drink coffee all the way through the day throughout work and then

have one on their way home from work as well. And I look at that objectively and go, that's insanity. That this sort of the entire Western population is just like caffeinating themselves just to function. And then you hear phrases like, I can't function, I can't function, I've not had my coffee yet. And I just go, this is, you know, but I don't know enough about coffee to understand if that's just, you know, maybe there is a free lunch as it relates to coffee, or maybe sleep is the only. I think sleep's the primary concern. You know know if you and if you're not suffering any issues with sleep from your coffee consumption then you know if you look at the science i'm not a scientist i really i like to read the research

papers but i'm not doing the research but uh on almost every front coffee seems to be healthy and have a really positive impact wherever it's been measured and across a whole range of different stuff so you know as to why caffeine's one part of it i think the fact that coffee contains a surprising amount of fiber is another one or the quantity of polyphenols in there if you're interested in the gut microbiome like coffee seems to be really good for that and i think we know more and more the microbiome, you know, Tim Spector has taught us all the importance of that, that it impacts us in so many different ways. So on almost any front, if you've researched, is coffee good for, you know, longevity? Yes. You see a reduction in

all-cause mortality that correlates to coffee consumption. Is it good for cognitive decline? Yes. You tend to see coffee consumption associated with less cognitive decline in old age or liver function, cancer. All of these things seem to have a positive association with coffee drinking. But if it's messing with your sleep, I don't think it's worth it. That's just me. That's the line for me of like, it's not such an incredible benefit that that is worth the loss of sleep quality yeah sleep has become just the most sort of the biggest obsession in my life over the last year i think for all of us i think it's it's just if you pay attention to this stuff you can't help

but begin to obsess over it i hope healthily yeah you know so to avoid the impact of coffee impacting on sleep you think the best thing to do is because i've just not been drinking coffee after like 1 p.m great okay i think that's a pretty good way to go i think decaf is still a good option i think people are kind of really negative about decaf because we have this caffeine first association with coffee a lot of people like why would i drink decaf what's the point you know you see a lot of death before decaf or whatever but i think decaf can be really tasty which is good like it's a nice delicious hot drink and also yeah there's a little bit less of the downside if you are concerned about caffeine i'm so i'm so confused you and tim

spectra are the two people that have made the case i'm thinking the first time i spoke to tim spectra about coffee he was a little bit on the fence as to whether it was healthy or not he came back a second time and i think there's been a little bit of a shift in him. He's now pro coffee in terms of the gut microbiome, which I thought was super interesting. He says it counts as one of my 30 fruit and vegetables a week that I need to get, which was really surprising. So it helped my gut microbiome. He talked about the longevity impacts as well, which I thought was staggering that it can, the study seemed to show that it will extend your life yeah it's a reduction in all-cause mortality so you're just less likely to die early i suppose is the easiest way to think about it or that's what we see from the studies

and it's not the studies aren't without flaws but there's been a lot now and you tend to see people dying less often or less early uh when they drink coffee. Not a huge amount of coffee. And this is, if you ever go into the research, this is really important. A cup of coffee to you or me might look like this. A cup of coffee to a researcher is 120 mils of coffee, which is about half of this. So you'll see loads of studies say three cups of coffee, three cups of coffee is when you see these benefits. That's not a liter of coffee. That's more like three four hundred mils total a day of say filter coffee or one or two or three espressos single espressos so the definition of a cup from all these studies is really confusing

and problematic and i think encourages excess coffee consumption uh but yeah three cups of coffee for heart disease for all sorts of things is is is seen to be associated with improvement in outcome why might that be what is it about the bean the coffee bean that is causing that's that's probably above my pay grade i would i would probably at this point i'm probably aligned with tim in that it's a great source of fiber and polyphenols that it's just it is like having another vegetable into the diet. It's more diversity of diet. I think one study showed that for some people in the US, like cups of filter coffee were their primary source of dietary fiber. Now that's kind of wild and not really how things should be, but it is a significant source of fiber. If you think about

it that way, you know, a large cup might be three grams of fiber, which doesn't seem like much until you start tracking your fiber intake and you realize, oh, that's a decent contribution for a drink. So yeah, I think that's the biggest part of it. I don't think caffeine has been shown to be neuroprotective necessarily. So I think people are trying to understand the mechanism more. Caffeine has been studied separately and is much easier to study because you can dose it, you can look at the effects of that. To really do a study on coffee consumption is really hard. You can't really do a randomized control trial where you raise people from, say,

15 to 60 years old, you control their diet, exercise, sleep, and you just randomize the coffee consumption because then you might see something that you could really say coffee is good or bad. We can just look at these large epidemiological studies and say, well, trying to control for diet and exercise and cigarettes and all these other things, it looks like coffee drinkers survive longer or have less issues. And it might just be that healthy people are just attracted to coffee. We don't really know which which way around that is there's no strong mechanism but at this point i'd probably

be aligned with with tim on this one that i think it's primarily going to be the gut the fiber point super interesting because he said to me that we're like as a society extremely fiber deficient yes i think the number he said that we needed was about 20 grams of fiber a day i think so yeah so if coffee is giving us three or four of those grams that's almost sort of 25 of our um requirement which is pretty staggering and i never really thought of coffee as a source of fiber neither did i until he told me i it just didn't cross my mind that this you know it's a drink how you know it's not like a thick yeah i lived the life of like fiber is is miserable cardboardy brand cereal that's fiber

in my brain and the idea that this was fiber was inconceivable to me but you know then i read the studies and uh it was fascinating what about mental health i've always wondered you know even things like depression anxiety i've always assumed a little bit that coffee because of the caffeine is going to be bad for anxiety i would certainly say not a doctor but i would certainly say that if someone suffers with anxiety cutting out caffeine would be something to test and to see if there's benefits to cutting caffeine out the there are a bunch of studies done on it they're not uniform in their outcome some found different results for caffeine consumption and i think because you're trying to study what is ultimately quite a generic term that covers a lot of different experiences and challenges that people face. So, yeah, I wouldn't say consume it regardless. Don't think about it. I think if you struggle with anxiety, it would certainly be worth considering cutting it out.

What about depression? I think the same sort of thing is true there. I think there have been studies that correlate caffeine consumption to depression. I think there are people who have used it and have found benefit from it. Again, it's one of those ones where I just wouldn't blindly consume caffeine, assuming a benefit to mental health. If I have mental health challenges, I think it's a place to check. And it's pretty easy to check, cut it out for a month. It'll suck for a few days. But you know, you may see benefits or you may not. Another sort of complicated, tenuous link has been made towards cancer with coffee. Most of the meta studies now seem to come down on for almost every cancer, there's a lower incidence associated with coffee consumption. Again, that's not universal. Some studies have found differently. Again, they're just really hard studies to do effectively, I think. I think that's the

challenge of it. I have certainly not seen anything that makes me concerned about drinking coffee from that perspective anyway. I think whatever impact it may have, I think, would be pretty minor compared to something like cigarettes. And I remember, I think you said on the internet some time ago, you think in 10 or 20 years time, people will see coffee consumption the way they see cigarette consumption. Yeah, I did. I remember saying that two years ago. Yeah. And to some extent, there's something in that. I think we are getting more thoughtful about caffeine consumption. And I think caffeine is going to be the root of it all, rather than coffee as a whole. Yeah, that's what I should have said. I should have said caffeine.

And I think there is change. And I think, you know, we're definitely seeing that. I don't think, I think there's enough health benefits in the coffee itself that we will benefit from keeping it around. You know, I don't think there's any health benefits associated with cigarette smoking. But I think coffee will have some benefits but i think our attitude and our relationship with caffeine is going to change i think you're right about that yeah that's really what i was getting at i almost didn't couldn't pull apart coffee from caffeine because i'm a muggle on this subject matter but what i really mean is that addiction to this drug of caffeine and how it's like running everyone's life and we need three cups or four cups a day just to be normal and to show up to

work and think straight. I go, Jesus Christ, like, as is always the case with these sort of health revolutions, we kind of go to one extreme, then we go to the other. There's the counter movement, there'll be like the big decaf movement. There's now because of neurodiversity and anxiety concerns, there's this jitter-free, crash-free caffeine movement emerging in things like matcha and etc. So, hmm. Is decaf, are you seeing a rise in people choosing decaf? The great frustration of decaf is that decaf drinkers are typically very poorly served by the coffee industry. Okay.

For a bunch of reasons, coffee shop owners tend not to invest in decaf drinkers are typically very poorly served by the coffee industry. For a bunch of reasons, coffee shop owners tend not to invest in decaf. A lot of coffee roasting companies don't really care about decaf, despite the fact that decaf drinkers are the ones who are drinking it just for the taste. They are the purest coffee consumer, actually, because they just want the flavor. They don't even want the caffeine, just the flavor. I guess. So, you know, it's always been an important thing for me over the years that decaf be good. But yeah, I'd love to see more decaf consumption going on.

I think decaf can be really delicious and good if it's done properly all the way through from sort of farm to cup. But it's not as available as it should be to most people, which kind of hurts me. What about Alzheimer's? Randomly something I've got increasingly more interested in over the last couple of years, I think from doing this podcast and speaking to health experts, but it has almost felt like this mystery disease that strikes some people for a reason that we haven't quite yet figured out. Perfectly healthy people can suddenly get the news that they have Alzheimer's. Is there a relationship from the studies that you've seen between Alzheimer's and coffee? Yes, and I'm going to sound like a broken record where you see

once again, up to about three cups of coffee a day saw an association with reduced cognitive decline and reduced incidence of Alzheimer's. So it's, again, I'm not saying that coffee is causing this. I'm saying in the studies, the people who drank coffee had better outcomes. But you can't just say because they drank coffee that's a really important disconnect in these kind of things that doesn't happen often enough i had um dr daniel amen on the podcast and one of his he's like a neuroscientist that scans i think he scanned a quarter of a million brains now he is one of the only people that has really expressed a concern about the impact that coffee has on the brain because he is one of the only people that has really expressed a concern about the impact that

coffee has on the brain because he says it reduces the amount of blood flow to the brain and that is a net negative thing have you ever heard about that that point of view before i haven't heard much about that most of the studies i've read that looked at cognition see that kind of lift that caffeine will give you um in that you know people tend to perform better on cognitive tests after caffeine than or with caffeine than without um i'm surprised in that i had thought caffeine was a vasodilator which would in theory allow more blood flow around but maybe it's not you know i haven't scanned a quarter million brains uh so i'm not an expert on this one but that's the first time i've heard someone talk about blood flow to the brain and coffee specifically. You know, I used to believe that coffee was basically giving me energy.

And then it was actually Daniel Arman, Dr. Daniel Arman, that helped me understand what's actually going on. Right. He says it's just like blocking something. Yes. It's stopping a compound called adenosine working in your blood. And adenosine calms you down, lowers your heart rate, makes you feel tired and sleepy. And caffeine just gets in the way of that receptor and stops it working. And so a lot of people experience a kind of accumulation of adenosine. And so while they're consuming coffee, their body's trying to put out adenosine, lower the heart rate, calm them down.

It's not working. And eventually your body clears the caffeine and you have a kind of crash afterwards where you suddenly just feel extremely tired because finally your receptors are clear to receive the amount of adenosine that's in your blood so yeah there's there's a kind of downside that way again big doses tend to come with bigger crashes you know i think a lot of people now are pushing the idea that you should delay caffeine consumption a little bit later in the day uh i think huberman is big on like no coffee for the first 90, 120 minutes after waking to help sort of mitigate this effect and sort of clear out everything in your bloodstream before you start inhibiting adenosine reception.

Is that why people get like crashes and stuff like that? Because a lot of drinks that are coming to market now that are like caffeine based products are promising you that you won't get crashes and jitters. So I was wondering if they're... Right right you see a lot of people pushing l-theanine in there as a product which seems to have a synergistic effect and help people feel a little calmer while sort of maintaining the benefits from that i think the evidence is reasonable on that but um again those products tend to be a bit more sort of thoughtful about the amount of caffeine in them and i think the amount of caffeine is really kind of key. You might have something with, say, 100 milligrams of caffeine. That's a pretty acceptable dose. You might find

that in a single espresso or in, say, a small cup of filter coffee. If you take a pre-workout, that's often 300 milligrams of caffeine. And so there's all these ways that we can consume caffeine quite easily. Coca-Cola is pretty low, I think like 50, 60 milligrams of caffeine in a can or a bottle of Coca-Cola. But you can easily end up drinking 200, 250 milligrams in coffee as well. If it's a lower quality coffee, it tends to have more caffeine in it. If it's brewed, it's a sort of very strong filter coffee. It's just knowing how much you're taking that I think is kind of key. And why does that matter? Is that, again, about sleep?

Or is it just because if you take huge doses, then there'll be significant consequences like crashes and stuff like that? Yeah, I think it's the more you dose, the longer it's going to take to clear from your system, the more that will be in your blood come time to go to sleep. You know, I think the lethal dose of caffeine is really pretty high. A few people have got there, sadly. Really? But it's a huge amount of coffee. It's usually done with like pills or other sort of forms of caffeine consumption to do it with just cups of coffee is like i think 50 or 60 cups of coffee in a very short time frame a very strong coffee would be about what was necessary for a small person to hit a sort of caffeine toxicity so it's quite hard to do and you die of a cardiovascular issue or i think it's more unpleasant than that um as i recall

yeah i think it's a sort of neurological thing as well it's not i don't think it's more unpleasant than that um as i recall yeah i think it's a sort of neurological thing as well it's not i don't think it's a good death if i'm honest um not that you know maybe there are good ones but yeah i don't think it's a good way to go coffee was originally a snack kind of kind of yeah the coffee fruit was so uh it's kind of most people don't think of coffee as fruit and coffee fruit grows on these trees. They're usually about two meters tall, full of these sort of ripe red cherry looking things. We call them coffee cherries. They're about the size of a grape, but inside there's these two seeds kind of like a peanut facing each other and they take up most of the fruit.

So if you eat them, they're not very satisfying. They're mostly seed, bit of skin and a little bit of kind of fruit flesh for want of a better term on the inside, but it is delicious. It's kind of like a tangy watermelon taste coffee fruit's very delicious i recommend if you can try it definitely try it um caffeine exists in coffee primarily as an insect repellent that's why the plant produces it so that if an insect attacks the fruit it gets a whack of caffeine and it's like nope and it leaves the fruit alone so that's its function in nature other plants produce caffeine there's some interesting stuff about how caffeine improves the memory of bees which helps with pollination as kind of so some flowers produce caffeine and they think for that reason but that the caffeine in fruit in coffee trees specifically

is basically insect repellent which is why the higher you grow coffee the less insects there are actually the lower the levels of caffeine you tend to see the plant produce you became a competitive coffee i don't know what you call it you call it a player barista barista you became a competitive coffee barista when you're what 25 years old yeah about that yeah and then by 27 you named the world barista champion yes i i think i went hard uh you know a couple things yeah well i really fell in love with it you know what i mean like like i got into coffee at like 23 i didn't like coffee didn't drink coffee and then i read a book uh called the devil's cup that just spoke yeah yeah and it's a fun book it's it's i don't know how well it's aged but

it's just travel writing so he traces the route that coffee took from Ethiopia to Yemen through kind of Turkey into the Mediterranean, how it spread around the world. And what got me about that book was like coffee's in every culture and it's different. Italian espresso culture is totally different to Scandinavian coffee culture, totally different to Australian coffee culture or, you know, what coffee culture is in the US. I was like, well, this drink's kind of interesting. Like it's a part of every society now and then i started to drink it and i fell in love with it and i just went deeper and deeper and deeper and um yeah in 2007 i won the world barista championships so if you're the former world barista champion yeah and i am a muggle which i am on coffee and many things what do I need to know?

What are the biggest myths and misconceptions about the drink of coffee that someone like me should be aware of? I'm trying to have better coffee. I'm not, you know, I'm never going to be like a coffee snob, but I want nicer coffees that are good for me, that are healthy and that taste great great what do i need to know what the misconceptions there's there's probably less misconceptions now than ever i would say like

i think more people are coming around to the idea that coffee is not just a bitter painful experience that you go through to get the caffeine on the other side like it's a little trial each morning that we come to enjoy i think people now understand more and more that there is an astonishing sort of range of flavor in coffee. 20 years ago, there wasn't. 40 years ago, there was no diversity of flavor in coffee. Coffee was brown and mean and miserable, and that was it. And now you can have coffees that taste kind of fruity and floral. You can have coffees that taste earthy and rich or chocolatey or whatever else. Like, so I think the thing that I want to kind of get out into the world is whatever you enjoy, I'm pretty sure there's something you could enjoy more because there's so much out there. There's so much diversity. That's the first thing.

I think that the second thing that I think people do understand is that, you know, coffee's kind of made three times in a weird sort of way. Coffee's made at the farm level. And we would understand that with wine. Like a grower grows the grapes, they make the wine at that point. And the producer of raw coffee carefully grows fruit, harvests the seeds, processes them carefully. And you can do a good job there or a bad job. And you've kind of got a peak quality moment there.

Coffee is made again when you roast it. It's transformed completely from a kind of green plant-sm smelling thing into one of the most aromatic things in the world. And then it's made again when you make it. And at each of these stages, you can lose the quality completely. You can do a terrible job roasting it, make it taste awful. And you can do a terrible job brewing it and make it taste awful. And I think for a lot of people, coffee making was not particularly a skill. Coffee making was not complex or hard, and it shouldn't be complex, but it's easy to get wrong. And I think you can be disappointed by a coffee that you've made without really understanding why.

And a lot of what I'm interested in is like, okay, you don't need to understand everything about this process. You need to work out what are the most important things to understand and get those right. And then you're most of the way there i don't think the the kind of average consumer is necessarily uninformed or confused but potentially overwhelmed by choice still well i i see a variance in the price so i assume there must be a variance in what i'm putting in my mouth 100 and i'm not sure what's marketing and what's you know quality yeah um I've brought five different cups of coffee. Yes.

From five local shops, outlets, etc. And I'm going to, I don't know which one's which. So my team got me these five cups of coffee. Jack is just bringing them in now. So we have five different cups of coffee here from five different suppliers. You're smelling them all. When you're smelling them them is there anything you're noticing just from smelling them yeah like um so that one of the things i can assess pretty quickly is how darkly the coffee's been roasted when you have uh the longer you leave coffee in a roasting machine the darker

the color of the beans will be and for a long time i think people associated darker roasts with with better coffee oilier beans looked kind of fancier whereas it swung the other way and lighter roasts now are considered better or more expensive because they kind of preserve more of the inherent qualities of the raw materials um so these are all reasonably dark roasts just from smell so i can kind of the smells i'm coming off there are more in the kind of heavier not burnt smells well some of them actually smell a little bit burnt and kind of uh harsh but uh nothing's particularly fruity or floral smelling so it's just for me a kind of gauge of where things are going to be so there's going to be an expectation with that of bitterness in in perfume shops they give us sometimes coffee beans to smell to kind of try and

wash out our nasal senses i guess does that work yeah it totally does. We are, it's why dogs sniff really fast, that you're looking for change. Your sense of smell works quite well on change. And so yes, you will get what's called suppression. If you smell the same kind of smells over and over, they become less and less intense. It's why people end up wearing too much of the same perfume they've worn for 20 years, because they can't, literally can't smell it anymore. We can, they can't. And it's also evidenced when you go for a run and then because you can smell yourself you have to ask your friend if you smell so again dave do i stink yeah because your brain your nose i guess is habituated to though there's a good hack if you ever want to break apart how like something like

coca-cola smells if you take a component smell of coca-cola like lime right because coke just tastes coke to people but it's actually lime neroli cinnamon orange nutmeg and if you smell a bunch of cinnamon and then smell coke it smells weird because you've deleted cinnamon from coca-cola's flip like aroma profile and you can do that with say lime and smell and it's like whoa i've thrown the balance out by kind of deleting that and suppressing that it's a dull but fun kind of trick. The interesting thing with talking about Coca-Cola there is, I remember those Coke and Pepsi studies from back in the day where people would rate Pepsi as tasting better unless they had it in a Coke can.

So when they could see the brand of the Coca-Cola, they rated it better. But when they could see it in a plastic cup, they rated Pepsi better. And I wonder here as well, because you don't know what these coffees are are you don't know what brands they are neither do i yeah um what the results are going to be so coffee number one yes have a taste and a smell so that's a to me a pretty standard kind of commercial coffee taste

it's not a lot going on there relatively high in bitterness to me i'd say that's a fairly bitter cup of coffee um and that's coming i would say mostly from roast and if something's good or bad it can be bad because it wasn't made that well that day it could be bad because it was not great raw materials and finding why is sometimes tricky i wouldn't say it's particularly expensive cup of coffee no it didn't taste um petrol station coffee you can say that i like that you can say yeah i'm gonna just lead you into saying terrible things and i'll say nothing yeah it tasted like it came out of like a vending machine or something to me yeah i'd be surprised if that was expensive i'd be a little bit outraged if that was expensive what would you rate that one out of five let's do 10 um for me and what coffee can be i'd say that's like a two

i would say that was a five out of ten yeah i think it's kind of fair i probably should be fair and call it a four out of ten because i've tasted way worse than that okay let's go for number two now this one will be a little bit more divisive for a lot of people because it's got a little bit more acidity in it it's like a little bit of recipe my scrub is sourness almost like it's a little zingy tasting generally acidity is is associated with quality and coffee which is a real sticking point for a lot of people it's down to the fact that when you grow coffee the higher you grow it the slower it grows the sweeter it will ultimately be. But you do get more acidity in higher grown coffees. Some people don't want that in their coffee. They really don't want sour coffee. So that tastes like it's got better raw materials in there for me than this one.

Roast a little bit lighter, bruise a little bit better. I'd like it to be a less kind of sour thing. It's a little bit old, obviously. It's for a while but i would say it's a for me it's a better cup than this one like it's got a little it's got a little characteristic to it like it tastes of something it's a little bit fruity in there yeah it's got a part more of a personality hasn't it the aftertaste is a little bit something going on there and what do you rate that out of out of 10 in your preference there's things i'd like to change about it. So like six, seven, somewhere there. But it has, I think, better raw materials in it that does appeal to me.

Okay, I'm going to say six as well. Okay. I can reveal that number one was McDonald'scdonald's coffee that's not surprising that's that's kind of what i would have expected mcdonald's to taste like and it was that cup of coffee cost us one pound 30 so pretty the cheapest thing here i feel like mcdonald's are aiming at the kind of cheaper end okay your assessment there was probably fair you did originally give it a two out of ten. I feel not bad about that, but it's fine. There you go.

So, number two, you talked about there being sort of a bitterness to it and an independent... A little bit more acidity in this. It tastes like the raw materials are of a higher quality, certainly the number one. That is an independent local coffee shop yep and that cup of coffee is double the price of the mcdonald's one at about three pounds per cup let's move on to number three okay very different taste for me it's more akin to number one than anything else like it's again it's a darker roast

it's got a bit more body to it feels a bit fuller a bit a little bit richer bit earthy but at the same time for me um it's fuller isn't it it is a little bit full and the first one was quite watery to me yeah and that's in part gonna be how it's made in part how it's roasted in part you know where it's from um price wise i wouldn't expect it to be much more than the in part how it's roasted in part you know where it's from um price wise i wouldn't expect it to be much more than the mcdonald's if i'm honest that that tastes again like a um yeah like a reasonably commercial grade coffee i wouldn't say it tastes bad roast a little dark yeah it's another kind of um yeah three four three actually this is something about the there's a sort of earthiness that i don't enjoy in coffee so people really like earthy flavors

i really don't and that's just a preference thing so that is costa coffee interesting number four you're doing a swirling i can see you can You're doing a real... I like to slurp. Usually you do a little aeration, but down a microphone, it's brutal. Okay. So that's probably the darkest roast of all of them. I would say it doesn't taste like the raw materials are particularly bad, until I can have a guess at who that's from.

But it is definitely a darker roast. So more bitterness. Again, quite full. So, you know, my gut says that's a sort of Starbucks style thing to me. Try the last one as well then before we reveal. Before I get into trouble. That's kind of weird.

It's a little bit vegetably to me, if I'm honest. It's not my favorite again it's it's within the world of coffee roasting it's darker it's not as dark as this one yeah i like it probably less than this one here so i'd probably be back to like a four again so number four yeah which was the one you gave five out of ten is pratt is it yeah wow and then Is it? Yeah. Wow. And number three, sorry, number five is Starbucks. Is it? Yeah. There you go.

So of the high street chains then, the coffee that you rated highest in our taste test was Pratt. Yeah. Second was Costa. And then third was Starbucks. But I would say from my point of view yeah the variance between them surprisingly small yeah uh they're not i don't think they taste particularly different to each other in a in a big way i think the independence stood out a long way from the others right it was clearly different it has a lot more flavor and character going on which is, which is what I like about coffee. But, you know, I think the chains,

the brand experience may be different, but at the root, there's not a huge variance in the coffee experience. I agree. I wouldn't really, I mean, there are, I can taste differences, but it's not as a profound difference as the McDonald's taste and then the independent taste, which was really full of personality. Yep. And interestingly, the price variance is the independent cost three pounds cost is three

pound twenty pretz three pound twenty and starbucks is three pound sixty really yeah it always blew my mind for years and years I would work with loads of like essentially startup coffee shop owners and their mindset would be oh I need to be like the same kind of price as starbucks or maybe a little bit more and you're like what are you possibly thinking that you have the same kind of supply chain that they do that you're going to make? And you know, they make great margins. You're not buying 20 million paper cups a week. You know what I mean? Like nothing makes sense, but people feel very tied to this idea that, you know, the price is set by the chains. And I think that's changed now

and people are more comfortable charging above that. But for a long time, people were terrified to charge more than the chains, even if the product was noticeably better. And a real frustration for me. And that's why I'm always going to bat for independence because it's not like you can spend more. You can get a better product

by someone who cares deeply about it. And I think there's a risk in going to an independent if you're traveling. Starbucks, the model is built on, I know where to queue, who to talk to, where to stand after I place an order, what kind of food I can get there. It's very safe. If I dropped you in Moscow and told you to get coffee, you'd go to a chain because you know how it works and you'd get it done. Independents feel like a risk, but the reward, I think, is often there for sure. And there's more independents and they're better than ever now. So, you know, I'm, I'm very pro independent coffee shops.

You have quite a lot of businesses. I read somewhere that you'd started, I think 11 or 12 different companies. Getting on for that, I think at this point now. What are those businesses? It's a good question. My first business I started back in 2008, just after I won the World Barista Championships, which is a coffee roasting company. And that still is, I suppose, my primary business today, even if I don't run that anymore. And there's an amazing MD in there. I just sort of try not to start fires and be useful where I can do.

Over the years, we've started other things, distribution companies kind of importing stuff, or we have a coffee shop. We've done training businesses, kind of education, that kind of stuff. Equipment businesses, kind of the big commercial espresso machines in there. I started a coffee recruitment business that I ultimately sold a little while back. I'm trying to think of other things. I've started a magazine. I've started a bunch of other stuff. And then there's, you know, getting into YouTube. That's become a weird business in and of itself that I didn't plan to start, but is now a kind of all-consuming business.

With the YouTube business, you must have learned a lot about what people are interested in as it relates to coffee. Because you'll see you talk about certain things and people just seem to gravitate towards those subject matters. Yeah. What is it that people care so much about as it relates to coffee and your audience care about?

That's a great question. Because I think coming into this, I, for years and years, as people did back then, wrote a blog. And I wrote a blog to sort of share information about coffee because it was great for me to learn. And also there's a benefit to sharing. I think if you give, things come back to you in the world. And then people stopped reading blogs and started making videos. And I think having worked in the coffee industry for 20 years, we had tried to talk to people about coffee and nothing really hit.

And people weren't really interested. And they didn't like the way we talked about it. And suddenly YouTube, I found a way to connect with people. And it turns out we vastly underestimated how broad and how deep people's interest in coffee is. Yeah, people care about which machine should I buy. And that remains a question that I will be asked, I think, for the end of my days.

Excuse me, which machine? Yeah, yeah, yeah. I genuinely want to know which machine I should buy. Well, I don't know. It depends what your needs are. Like, what's your budget? Like, what do you want to spend? What kind of experience do you want?

But I love an espresso. And I like speed. And I want i want i mean i'm like everybody i want it to be super fast and really nice so the problem with espresso specifically okay is that good espresso is a little bit tricky and it means to get really great espresso at home you kind of want to have it as a hobby and if that does not appeal to you then don't get an espresso machine for home because you will spend a ton of money and get you the best machine in the world, put it on your counter. After a week, you'll be like, oh, you just can't be bothered. I don't want to do this. And I think suddenly the £2.50, £3 that the independent business charges you, you're like, oh, that's great. I will happily pay you to go through the pain of making espresso

because it's messy, it's slow, it's conv making espresso because it's messy. It's slow. It's convoluted. It's tricky. It's frustrating. And as a hobby, really rewarding. But as a way to caffeinate yourself in the morning, not the best. What about an Americano? Like a great Americano?

Like a great filter coffee? Yeah. There's definitely options there. And you can buy a machine and grinder and spend, you can get an incredible setup for like 500 pounds. Bearing in mind espresso machines, an incredible setup will be 2,000, 3,000, 4,000 pounds. If you're looking at like the top end of stuff. You can go all the way up to, I can spend 10, 15,000 pounds of your money if you'd let me. Jesus, no thanks.

That's where the budgets sort of top out in home espresso. But it's kind of at that point it's like home home audio where people just they want the best possible thing and if they have the budget that market exists i'm moving into a new house so i'm like right in the moment now of thinking about how to solve this morning coffee problem so i'm trying to find something i can maybe install and and the thing with me is i don't i ain't got a huge amount of time so i kind of just want an ipad ideally i just speak to it and say please give me coffee and it would just come out you know yeah we're not there yet we're not there yet the coffee industry is improving the

automation side is improving by and large this sort of super automatic stuff where you just push a button and everything happens and coffee comes out there's a bunch of dull technical challenges that mean they can't make as good a coffee as you could do if you were willing to do a little bit of work i thought so and that's like i'm not gonna lie to you that's just the truth of it they're getting better and there are more and more solutions um and there's some great high kind of convenience uh solutions to coffee but if you want to have fresh coffee made at home and just be as good as possible i'm going to ask you to do tiny bits of work just just pour beans in a grinder

put grinder ground coffee into a little machine and push a button which machine well it depends on your aesthetic at this point then right like there's some really nice filter coffee it depends how much coffee you need like how much how much do you need in the morning i've got say i've got 100 200 pounds to solve this coffee problem in total in total for the machinery okay so the bad news is that good bad news coffee grinders are the the right investment right uh they are more important than the machine you can give me a 20 quid filter coffee brewer from Amazon, but if you give me a decent grinder, I can get some pretty good coffee out of it.

If you give me a 20 pound coffee grinder and a five grand machine, I can make pretty terrible coffee. Average coffee at best, right? So the grinder, how it cuts the coffee, essentially you'll often see people have little whirly blade grinders. You push a button, it spins madly,

just smashes it to pieces, but there's no real control of the size of the pieces. So some will be tiny particles, other will be big rocks. Really hard to evenly brew tiny pieces the same way you'd brew a massive piece of coffee. And so you get a kind of bitter, sour coffee as a result of it. Good coffee grinders have spinning discs inside that cut to a specific size. So all the coffee is pretty much the same size, and that's much easier to work with but they cost more money because they need better motors and nicer cutting discs and that kind of stuff not crazy amounts but

yeah you're looking at like at least a hundred to two hundred pounds for a good grinder okay and i'd love to tell you it wasn't the case. And grinders are getting, it used to be like 500 pounds for a good grinder at home. It's coming down all the time. But yeah, I'd say I'd need like 150. Okay. Maybe off you. Okay.

And then I can get you a really great grinder that should last a lifetime and make you cafe quality coffee. It's not, you know, it just couldn't do it 500 times a day the way a coffee shop's one could. But that's where you're going to spend money. And then you could just get a simple pour over cone a little and just pour water uh onto coffee

on top of a mug and life be real easy that way going back to this this point though about what you've discovered about people's interest in coffee from the youtube journey the first thing you said there was people want to know what machines and stuff and then i interrupted so please do no no i mean for me the the strategy initially was, so my bigger umbrella goal of YouTube is that I want people to enjoy coffee more for a bunch of reasons, and I want them to see it as a more valuable piece of their life.

So that at some point, they might be willing to spend a bit more money on it. That's the sort of top line goal. What I'm then trying to do is find them. And reviews are a great way to sort of find people. Someone will be like, which is the best espresso machine to buy? They find me. If I entertain them, if I build trust with them,

I hope they'll keep watching. And then I can take them on a journey into coffee and I can open up new kind of avenues of exploration for them. That's the kind of goal. That's what I'm trying to do. So in part, we do that through machinery reviews and equipment reviews, in part through kind of techniques. If you've got a French press, Cafetiere, what is the best way to use that? I want to be there to help you do that. But a lot of it's about building trust so that down the line, we can go and talk about something totally different and you'll listen and you'll trust me. And that sort of trust is super important to me in terms of building an audience.

Because coffee has this really depressing future. Climate change is bad for coffee, really, really bad. And to some extent, maybe we don't deserve to have coffee after we've ruined the planet. I'd hear that argument. But as temperatures increase around the world, coffee needs cooler temperatures to grow. And the only way you can get cooler temperatures as the world heats up is to go higher up the mountain. It's already mountain grown. It's already growing at 1500 meters, 2000 meters. The problem with mountains is that the higher you go, there's generally less of the mountain. You know what I mean? There's less area around the world that can grow specialty coffee, grow great quality coffee. So the future is there'll be less great

coffee in the future. Cheap coffee will be around for a while. It doesn't need the same kind of conditions. But great coffee has a difficult future ahead of it. And there are millions of people whose livelihoods depend on that. And it's not a great system, so to speak. There's a lot of problems with how coffee production is incredibly unfair towards the people who produce it. But if we are to remain customers, we need to be comfortable spending a little bit more on coffee in the future. And if you enjoy coffee, spending an extra pound a bag, two pounds a bag, if you really enjoy it,

fine. No problem at all. You know what I mean? I will keep coffee as a part of my life. But that's kind of one of the motivating factors. me i want more people to enjoy it just because i like bringing pleasure to people like well that's great you know what i mean but in the future i want coffee consumers to still be there through the challenges that coffee production faces what about these pods the coffee pod machines that a lot of people are using and that are getting more and more popular wake up in the morning grab the pod whack it in there boom hit button drink out comes coffee yeah um the best analogy i can make is that they're a microwave meal and microwave meals uh what they are they are of a quality they are super convenient there's a fair amount of waste attached to them and um you could probably do better with a little bit of effort,

and it would cost you less. Do you use those pods? Not really. There are some that are kind of separate and different. I don't want to get into it right now. I think a lot of the sort of small Nespresso-style capsule ones are very popular. I just wish they were a bit more recyclable.

There's a bit of waste associated with those but ultimately they're very expensive actually for what you're you're paying a lot of money for that and you're paying for the convenience i think that for the same price per kilo you could buy some of the best coffees in the world for what you're spending on a capsule because you're spending money for five grams of coffee because that's what it is but the convenience is very strong. And it's been so successful. I can't argue with convenience. We love a little convenience. But the possibility of quality is far greater once you move beyond those. You know what I mean? Anytime we go convenience, we have to sacrifice something.

And it's usually quality. And it's usually value. Ultimately, we're going to pay more for that convenience. So I get it. I get not wanting to make espresso, but wanting something like espresso in the mornings. They've really succeeded in sort of filling that market. But they are, to me, still a kind of microwave meal. Is there any culture that doesn't drink coffee? No, everyone drinks coffee. People have tried to ban it a few times.

It was seen as a kind of seditious drink that's kind of, so from a political perspective, they tried to ban it here in the UK briefly. I think King James also tried to ban it. It doesn't last very long. We tend to get pretty grumpy if you try and ban it. They asked the Pope to ban it at one point, and he was like, no, it's great.

And so he didn't do that. That was hundreds of years ago. But yeah, coffee was often linked to politics in the early days. So London was the greatest coffee drinking city in the world for a while. From late 1600s, coffee just comes here to the city of london and takes over because up until that point we were drinking a lot of weak beer that was the sort of safe uh high calorie high b vitamin kind of drink that we drunk and we were all a little bit drunk most of the time from drinking a couple of liters or three liters of weak beer a day coffee arrives and it's this safe drink that is totally the opposite to beer it is stimulating and it transforms London society of the time. And we get obsessed with it. Coffee houses appear everywhere. There is the story that

in the square mile in the early 1700s, there were 2000 coffee shops. Now that's excessive. It wasn't that many. It was probably, but it was several hundred. They were everywhere and they quickly diversified and sort of specialized into specific things. And so very famously, Lloyd's of London, the insurance broker, started as a coffee shop called Lloyd's of London. And people did business at the tables. Those became offices. And to this day, runners in there are still called waiters. And so that just happened to specialize in shipping insurance, that coffee house. Others specialized in politics. Others specialized in literature. They became known as penny universities because you could pay a penny to get into a London coffee house and you would gain the education just from listening to people talk of a university degree. And so they were these incredible places for a while. Eventually, our colonial interest shifted to tea and the coffee house went into the decline in sort of 1700s, 1800s. But for about 100 years, London was the most incredible coffee drinking city in the world. When coffee came to the UK, and when it came to the Western world, was there a productivity boom?

Yeah, 100%. Huge change in culture. Massive. Because we were no longer drunk all the time. So yeah, it arrives in London, I think in 1652. It's the first coffee shop that's right just near Bank Tube Station. You can see a little blue plaque on the wall if you go looking for it there. Yeah, we absolutely fell in love with it. It became a part of industry, culture, politics, everything. It supercharged the nation. There are people who argue that we awake from this

drunken stupor and then are like, well, what's the rest of the world got to offer? And we go and become the colonial horror show that we were after that. And you can blame coffee for that, but that's a bit of a stretch. But yeah, it was a massive shift in society. I think for most of my life assumed that tea didn't have caffeine in it. I don't know why, I just always thought coffee, caffeine, I think because they sound similar yeah yeah yeah but then i heard at one point that tea also has caffeine in it as well a little bit nowhere near the quantities uh of coffee but you know if you're drinking 10 12 cups of tea a day it's probably worth paying attention to how

much is in there and how you steep your tea and all that kind of stuff will have an impact on how much caffeine's in there and what's your what's your favorite cup of coffee you get muscus asked this all the time i do get asked this all the time and i still after 20 years don't have a great answer i drink a lot of filter coffee uh what is filter coffee so filter coffee is not from an espresso machine so it's going to be brewed either in a filter coffee machine or by hand you'll see a lot of people pouring water over coffee uh the drink is going to be the same kind of strength as an americano but it's a sort of it's a it's a weaker thing coffee. The drink is going to be the same kind of strength as an Americano, but it's a weaker thing.

I'm not obsessed with espresso the same way. I want a cup of black coffee because I want to take my time. Because as you taste a cup of coffee, if it's a great cup of coffee, as it cools down, its flavor kind of opens up and becomes really interesting and complex. And so I like the idea that I can sit for 10, 15 minutes. And if I want to have a really enjoyable kind of journey of flavor that for me is is the kind of great bit about coffee yeah i'll drink an espresso sometimes if i want a little short shot of something tasty but but the idea that i can if

i want have 10-15 minutes to myself to enjoy this thing and see some benefits afterwards that's a wonderful thing so i like coffees from all over the world. I feel like I'm forcing myself into a tiny space here. If I could only drink coffee from one country for the rest of my life, it would probably be coffees from Colombia. They just have a real spread of flavors, but really just incredible coffees come from that part of the world. But there's amazing coffee from just about every producing country.

If you're within the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn, that kind of belt around the earth, then you can probably grow coffee above certain altitudes. And almost every country that is in that band does grow coffee. So there's a lot of different places

that grow it. And there's going to be great coffee in all of those places. And there'll be cheap and low quality coffee in all those places too. But yeah, there's the range that the spread is massive. Do you pull sugar and milk into your coffee?

I don't use sugar and milk. And I get why people do, because most coffee benefits from sugar and milk. Milk has a weird quirk. It's a bitter blocker. It inhibits bitterness. So when you put it into a harsh bitter cup of coffee, it does soften that. We, of course, like sweet things. I think one thing to note when it comes to all of the studies that look at coffee and

is coffee healthy, they'll be like, yes, coffee's healthy if you drink it black. And if you're putting a lot of cream and a lot of sugar into your coffee, the health benefits very quickly taken away. You know what I mean? It's not, quote quote unquote as healthy a drink for me putting milk or sugar into coffee kind of hides the flavors a little bit and so i i want to taste it without i get why people want to put it in there i don't have an issue with people sweetening or adding a little milk or cream but you kind of lose some of what makes coffee so interesting.

In this book, How to Make the Best Coffee at Home, one of the points you make is quite surprising. You say that once a... Because I used to think that coffee was a shelf staple. I used to think, you get it, you can grind it,

you can put it in the cupboard, and it kind of lasts forever. Yeah. And it doesn't change. You make the case that I'm wrong. It is sadly not the case. It's fresh food, unfortunately. The challenge coffee has is that we just can't see it change.

If I dice up an apple and I leave it for a couple of hours, you can see the change in it. It's staling in a bunch of different ways. When you smash coffee into little pieces, when you grind it to fine powder, you kickstart a bunch of chemistry that you can't undo. And some of that's oxidation, where oxygen transforms things and turns fats a little bit rancid over time. You lose a bunch of the aromas locked inside the bean. It just gets less interesting tasting. If you want the best experience for coffee, it fresh is is the way to do it also grinding coffee is one of the like the best smells in the world why would you not have that as part of your life uh and so yeah coffee is fresh food and if you treat it like fresh food it tastes way better how long does it take to decay it's a good question so if i had it in the cupboard you know

once you grind coffee most people would easily detect a difference a day later and they would say it tasted notably worse two days later and so buying pre-ground coffee is buying high convenience but the cost is you never got to experience how good that coffee was at the moment it was ground so if i buy it in supermarkets yeah it's gonna taste awful compared to yeah you've just yeah you get a lot less for your money in terms of flavor it will have degraded they can gas flush it and they'll you know pack the bags with inert gases and stuff but the minute you open that bag it's on its way out and it will happen really quickly and so the downside is coffee grinders cost a little bit of money and they take up a little

bit of space. And there are another step in the morning between you and getting your caffeine in the system. I understand that. But if you want the best value for money, a bag of beans costs the same as a bag of ground coffee, even though the ground coffee has more cost in terms of manufacture. But the value of the beans is just way higher. It just tastes way better.

And so having a grinder lets you get better value for money in the coffee that you buy going forwards. What do you think the future of coffee is? We've talked a little bit about the history of coffee, but where do you think the coffee industry and public opinion around coffee goes from here? You know, I think we've fallen pretty deeply in love with coffee in a different kind of way in the last few years. I think the pandemic caused a seismic shift in coffee consumption around the world. People had grown used to going out to coffee shops, drinking good quality coffee, and that was part of their lives. And when the pandemic happened and people couldn't do that, the growth in coffee equipment at home was astronomical. This was something people wanted to invest in and were not willing to let go of.

I wasn't really sure pre-pandemic. You said, how much do people really love coffee? I'm like, well, they like it a lot, but maybe they'd let it go if it got too expensive. But in that moment where we took it away, people were like, absolutely not. Coffee stays. And that was really heartening to me. And that was all over the world. Every market, every country I spoke to people, they saw the same thing. Huge interest in coffee at home. So I feel good about that. I feel like the promise of specialty coffee where we said, you know, the promise of specialty coffee where we said coffee can be better. It's a bit more expensive, but it tastes more interesting. People have enjoyed that and found that to be true. So right now, I feel very good about coffee consumption

from a longevity point of view for the industry. People want to keep drinking coffee. Like I said, the challenge on one side remains coffee production's future. It's going to be increasingly difficult to grow great quality coffee in the future with climate change. We're already seeing the impact of that. Now, changing rainfall patterns, all sorts of other stuff is making coffee harder to grow. That's going to put the price of it up in the future for the high quality stuff. But for a while, I think it will sort of stay. I don't think we're willing to let go. I think we are going to be paying more attention to caffeine in the future. And I think that's a good thing. I would encourage people to pay more attention to caffeine in the future. And I think that's a good thing. I would encourage people to pay more attention to caffeine in the

future. And that may decrease our consumption overall. And I'm also okay with that too. I'd rather people spent good money on two great cups of coffee a day than just five average ones just to get them through. I'm okay with lowering consumption and increasing the quality of it. That works very well for me. Because I think it will bring more pleasure to people, ultimately. They enjoy the coffee, they drink more. It's not this mindless, cheap thing they endlessly consume. It's a moment of pleasure.

And I think it can be this moment of absolute delight and interest and pleasure. If you were looking for your moment of pleasure, walking through the streets of London. Yes. Where would you turn? Which shop would you go into? I i mean we're talking about coffee here when i say moment of pleasure just say just because you uh you thought something so no um where would you turn because i'm walking through london all the time and as a muggle i look up and i go okay all these logos they're all saying coffee where should i be should i be going for

random independent and rolling the dice should i be going going to a chain? What's your POV? London has some of the best independent coffee shops in the world. And that's true of most major cities now. Incredible coffee is very available now if you know where to look. And I guarantee that's the tricky bit, knowing in advance. By and large, though, there's enough written about on the internet. If you search best specialty coffee in whatever city, you'll find a great list of 20 that will be a

good experience. It might be a bit more expensive, but it will be, I think, a better coffee experience. I buy coffee from chains when I have to. I get that. But given the choice, I would love to go and visit an independent business, see someone's expression, someone's aesthetic, someone's vibe, someone's experience. It can be different. And why wouldn't I want to explore different and new? So I think it's just an opportunity for discovery. Loads of bands that tour the world get obsessed with coffee because it's a great way to explore a city. It's a great way to kind of find the new neighborhoods

and just check places out and just have something fun and enjoyable in the day. And I think coffee is a great way to explore new cities. And you talk to people who work in great coffee shops they'll recommend you the best bars the best restaurants like that network is so easy to tap into there that it's the the best hack you throw me in a random city i'll find a good coffee shop and ask the question where should i eat okay the best bakery challenge for you here okay i throw you into a random city let's just call that city London yep and I put you in front of all of the chains yes they're all the same distance from your feet yeah which one does James walk towards and why really difficult question if I'm honest if you made me buy a

coffee drink I assume I have to buy a coffee drink, right? Yeah, you can't get a muffin. A muffin and sparkling water and run away. You have to get your favorite coffee from one of these chains. Oh, that's much harder because otherwise I'd go to like Starbucks and get like a dessert and a cup and go because there's enough sort of fat and sugar in there.

It's a good time. You know what I mean? I can't deny there's a little bit of delight in a little frappuccino. Well, I like filter coffee. And so by and large, I would typically probably end up at a Starbucks because they're one of the few that do filter coffee, where it's sort of brewed as filter coffee, distinct and different from an Americano.

And sometimes you can be mean and ask them to make a specific coffee and they have to do that for you if you ask just right. So that would be the the lazy answer to that you walk into the starbucks what do you say uh if i'm being fully weird be fully weird fine then i'm gonna look well i'm gonna look at the tanks they'll have two tanks of like filter coffee prepped they'll have timers counting down on them which is how old they are because the longer filter coffee sits the worse it tastes and so i'm going to look for the one that has the longest time left on the tank before they have to throw it away i'm going to get a small cup or what is it there kind of a tall is it i said who knows

uh a tall cup of that filter coffee because it's going to be the freshest brewed thing that they have and that's my kind of answer it's a bit weird to start looking at timers though but once you notice it you'll see them sitting there interesting that's the so you walk in you say you look at the timers and then you make a request to have the one that's freshest yes because i would rather have say a darker roast that i don't enjoy as much that's fresher than a lighter roast that's been sitting around a couple hours or something like that i don't know whether i kind of know what their use times is it might be an hour hour and a half i want it fresher than that so that's that's my thing i think in a lot of starbucks if you ask them to make a french press for you they they still have to do that um so yeah there's like

an option that's like an off-menu option some have said yes over the years some have just been like straight no uh but that was a good little hack for a while but yeah by and large i'll get filter coffee from the freshest pot that they have what is your sleep like pretty good i work hard at that though like i i pay a lot of attention to sleep because it's it's important to me and it's important for future me and i'm trying to do a better job i'm old enough now that future me is important thing uh in my 20s future me was not very important to me and in my 40s i've got to think differently you seem like a very obsessive person i wouldn't say obsessive i was because like this would disagree so you're so passionate is a better word you're starting lots of businesses you probably got more

ideas than you have hours in the day comfortably you remind me myself in that there's a cost to this obsession yes what is the cost uh yeah i i think um probably like uh if you stopped me and said what do you do for fun? I'd have to stop and think about that for quite a long time because it's a really tricky question of like, oh wait, what do I, as I work and I do coffee things and then I'd sleep and then, you know, there's like whatever home life. Oh yeah. I've sort of sacrificed a little bit of that. And I don't think I have a hobby, if that makes sense. Like I think that's probably not unusual in a certain group of people, but yeah, I do sometimes think the kind of feeling

of like, I've got so much to do all the time. I think a lack of space would probably be my loss. And I don't know what I'd do with it if I had time to do nothing. But I occasionally grieve emptiness in the day. As you play your life forward, are you mentally planning to make some adjustments to the way that you're living now as you look forward into the future? Because I always think I'm doing that. I think in five years time or in 10 years time, I'll do this. I'll sell this thing and I'll just be a little bit more chill. A little bit more chill.

Yeah, yeah. I've been lying to myself that way for 15 years. I would love to. I think part of me knows that i enjoy what i do and i and if i sold all my businesses tomorrow i'd just start another one and and and that's going to happen for a while and maybe if i get older like it changes you know what i mean i'm like oh maybe i'm done doing this whole thing but it's it's it's the part of you learns that these can be fun like the game is fun uh of making things creating things and then growing these things it's the part of you learns that these can be fun. Like the game is fun of making things, creating things, and then growing these things.

It's just fun. So yeah, I think for me, I'd love to just find more time for stuff like exercise and that kind of stuff, investing there. And you could argue and probably should argue that I should be doing that now because what is more important than health? What is more important than health? And the answer is nothing is more important than health. So why am I not making the time for the additional cardio and making the time, you know, to get a little bit

more lifting, a little bit more hit in? Why am I not making that time now? Because there's no good reason. Well, I am starting to now, like I'm resting with it enough. I'm like, fine, I'm going to make my life even more complex, squeeze my day even shorter, and I will find the time. You know, Peter Atiyah has broken my brain too. I haven't saw all of us, but like, yeah, I definitely go through the thing of like, yeah, I will do this. I'll spend less time on this stuff. I'll have more time. I'll do yoga. I'll spend, you know, more time on myself in the future. But I think I know I love what I do. I really enjoy it and it changes all the time and no one day is the same as the next and I love that and I can cope with that

if your kids come to you though your two young kids and they say daddy I want career advice yeah based on the journey that you've been on yourself and the path that you've walked when you look back at the sort of the key components of the success you've achieved in a very specific industry, what advice would you give to them? I think lean into the things that genuinely interest you, because there's opportunities in everything. Even if it's like pen lids or, I don't know, 100% if you're genuinely passionate about it, then there's opportunity there. Coffee was not a growth industry. No one was proud that their kid worked

in coffee in the early 2000s. Do you know what I mean? Like, oh, they're doing that before they get the next job in the thing, or they're doing that to pay themselves through here. To work in coffee was not like a career. That was a weird thing to think then. I loved it, and I was encouraged in it and given opportunity in it, and I flourished in it. And so for me, whatever the future of work holds i think creativity and empathy are important parts of that and passion is another piece of it and i hope they have the opportunity to be passionate about something and you know i figure that's what your 20s are for right like find the thing you're excited about and then in your 30s

do it do it really well uh don't do it stupidly like I did. Like I did, I fell for the whole hustle grind nonsense and I worked too many hours and I nearly hated the thing that I loved because that's what culture was then. It was like, you've got to work every hour and if you're not sleeping under your desk, what are you even doing? Which is a lie and stupid and deeply unhealthy,

in my opinion. But, you know, that was when my career really took off. And yeah, I'd won this World Barista Championship thing in my 20s, but nobody cared. In the UK, nobody cared. No one was impressed by that. If I was the world's best sandwich maker, that was a career feel like I think people know that now. There's more time to just kind of work out what you want to do. And that's okay to not be getting stuck into the perfect thing right away. Like it's okay to mess around and find out what you like and what you don't like. I did a bunch of terrible jobs too. I worked in casinos. I sold gas and electric door to door. I worked in music publishing and I hated all of them.

And that was great because now I know what I don't want to do when you think about particularly though your success in this industry because some people will have passion but they won't be able to become the number one world barista champion when you reflect and do kind of a skills audit of yourself yeah what what do you pull out of there and go that's the reason why i was able to go so far in this particular industry i think i had a lot of practice at, that's the reason why I was able to go so far in this particular industry? I think I had a lot of practice at communication. That's what I was going to ask. One of the things I really noticed about you is your communication skills.

So I had dual practice. One, as I said, I wrote this blog, which was about digesting information well enough to explain it back to someone else. And so that was a great process for me. Secondly, I had a weird job where I was a training, I was kind of national training manager for an espresso machine company. And in the back of my car, I had a commercial machine, projector, screen. I was a mobile cafe, and I would travel the whole UK, build out a lecture room, lecture to 30 random people for three hours, pack it down, and go to the next city or next town or whatever else. And so it was, it was public speaking of a sort, uh, with a totally cold audience who did not care or really be that interested. Can you win them over? Can you communicate? Can you teach them? That was an incredible two years of my life of doing that every week.

What age? Oh, that was 25, 26. And I was a terrible public speaker beforehand. And now I love it. I love being on stage. I love that kind of communication. And it helps to make videos and it helps to talk to people and it helps to kind of chew your thoughts before you spit them out again. And yeah, isn't that just everything like communication? Isn't it? You know, if I was thinking if I had young kids now, what the most useful thing I think I could do for them is to give them some kind of repetition-based sales experience. I spent four years working in call centers on the phone. It's no surprise to me now that I'm a podcaster

and I've done sales and I've done, I raise investment and I tell stories and I speak all around the world and I've been all around the world this week speaking. And I go, well, those four years working on those phones where i made no money was the essence of the development of that skill but i think it's also realizing and whether you did it consciously or not that skills rooted in empathy that skills rooted in not in a script but seeing who you've got on the other end and and building something building a conversation around who they are, the kind of customization of communication

that comes with empathy. And that's kind of why I love the service industry and encourage people to spend time working in cafes or restaurants because it's a great place to have to read people all the time. What do they need right now? Because that's what a coffee shop should be.

It should be a reliable vendor of happiness. You should walk in that building and walk out happier, in a better mood, happier. That's the kind of key thing. But that requires someone on the other side looking at you and being like, what do you need today? And not just asking you that, but do you want a conversation? Do you want to know about the coffee or do you want me to just shut up and make it as fast as I can? That empathy piece, that reading of people is so important and such a great skill that you can take out of hospitality

into whatever else you want to do. And I don't think hospitality really kind of advertises that aspect of it enough. When I look at you, if I was to do a skills audit, I'd say clearly an incredibly hard worker. That's going to be a great tailwind through your career. Curiosity, huge amount of curiosity which i think kind of couples up with the word learning that you used at the start you

love to learn yeah and your wealth of knowledge because of that curiosity is huge your ability to then articulate what you know and what you've learned and what you've condensed i think is a huge one but not just articulate it tell stories that are like compelling in in a compelling way the way you speak the intonations all of that keeps people with you. And then, yeah, I guess the repetitions of like the craft itself, like knowing how to make great coffee yourself

by actually spending a long time doing it, which is different from being a parrot. Like practitioners and parrots are two separate things. You're clearly a practitioner and a great, like,

not parrot because you're not repeating things. You've learned these things yourself, but you're a great talker, but also a great practitioner. That's very very kind of you and then you've got 20 years behind you and fuck me 20 years of doing anything you can you know you become a master so yeah that's my assessment and then you're like a likable individual you're very likable guy you've got nice constant your resting face is a smirk and i like a smile which is endearing i

think i'm broadly happy you seem like a happy guy yeah i don't think i have any reason not to be yeah what is um what is the message to the world then the closing message to the world about coffee if you had to give one if you were speaking to everyone on planet earth right now and you had to just give them a few couple sentences this is your megaphone to the entirety of the world eight billion people if you want it to be coffee's really great fun if you are willing to put in a little tiny bit i guarantee you will get way more out however you enjoy your coffee whatever you enjoy about coffee it's got more to give and and it's i promise a ton of fun that's what i walk away here with as many with all the other insights into you your life coffee itself the big thing

i walk away from this conversation with is an increased excitement about coffee good i hope to uh fan the flames of that after this yeah and i'm really gonna i really know i really mean that i'm i feel like i'm you might have just sent me on my own little coffee journey oh come and have coffee with me somewhere we'll go and get a bunch of stuff we'll do a little coffee tasting for you and see what you really like i know you've got no time so that's not a real invite but thank you i'm just up the road from here like any time we'll do it i appreciate that i'll take you up on that all right okay so we we have a closing tradition on this podcast with the last guest leaves a question for the next guest and i cannot believe i have to ask you this bloody question

i'm ready you will you will think i'm lying when i read this okay but i have to read it because that's my job i'm ready no you're not okay what is the duration of your nighttime erections did you just have brian johnson on here is that is that from brian johnson um i don't know brian the little device was sold out by the time i saw it uh yeah i don't know well we should all be finding out apparently neither do i i mean jesus christ that's not going to make the conversation cards that question fuck's sake brian um but thank you so much do you know what these books are just absolutely beautiful thank you very much these have you have you just done two of them or is there more the atlas is a second edition now and then the other one just came two of them? Yeah, the Atlas is a second edition now,

and then the other one just came out. The World Atlas of Coffee is one of the most beautiful books I've ever seen in my life. And it's got... They did a great job. Beautifully rich photography in it. Lots of history. All of the equipment questions that I've been asking you about.

So if anyone really wants to understand coffee, oh, I tell you what, get someone a great book if they're a coffee fan. That is the book. That is absolutely gorgeous. And then the second book how to make the best coffee at home i mean we we we touched on this a little bit but it goes into such great muggle detail because even as an idiot i can understand all of this stuff um as to how to build your own little home setup in the process that is important to great coffee that is right yeah the first one was kind of written as a guidebook as coffee got big and weird and confusing and and there was just a lot of information suddenly i kind of wrote the first

one as a guidebook to this new wave of coffee and the second one really is people have embraced coffee at home i just want to make it as easy as possible by focusing on the stuff that matters and not all the kind of voodoo or weird sort of uh odd traditions around that and just the stuff that matters and not all the kind of voodoo or weird sort of odd traditions around that and just the stuff that really makes a difference. You didn't have to make them so beautiful, but they're such beautiful books throughout. Thank you very much. So I'm going to link them both in the description below for anyone that wants to check them out. Thank you. James, thank you so much. It's been a pleasure.

I feel inspired by coffee. Absolutely, I really enjoyed this. Thank you. And I'm excited to go and get a wonderful McDonald's coffee immediately after this conversation is done. So thank you. Thank you. Do you need a podcast to listen to next? We've discovered that people who liked this episode also tend to absolutely love another recent episode we've done.

So I've linked that episode in the description below. I know you'll enjoy it.