The Dr. Hyman Show - How to Fix Your Busted Metabolism

Episode Date: May 15, 2024

View Show Notes From This Episode Get Free Weekly Health Tips from Dr. Hyman Sign Up for Dr. Hyman’s Weekly Longevity Journal One of the many reasons I was drawn to Functional Medicine is that it’s the medicine of asking “why?” and looking beyond the status quo to reimagine health. When we use this practice to assess the metabolic diseases we see today, we can see we’re in an energy crisis. We’re wrapped up in a web of physiologic root causes, but also a web of policies, industries, and economic incentives impacting our health from the ground up. I loved discussing all this and more on this episode of the podcast with Dr. Casey Means.  We take a deep dive into: Why we need to reimagine the healthcare system and how to use Functional Medicine as a framework for asking “why?” Using metabolic health as a barometer for our challenges as a society  A stark reality: Every institution related to our health makes money off of sickness Combining advanced technology with our own awareness to take back control of our health Five affordable biomarkers of metabolic syndrome to start with  And so much more! I hope you’ll tune in to learn how to dramatically improve your metabolic health and support foundational societal shifts, all at once. This episode is brought to you by Rupa Health, ARMRA Colostrum, Pendulum, Live Momentous, and House of Macadamias. Streamline your lab orders with Rupa Health. Access more than 3,000 specialty lab tests and register for a FREE live demo at RupaHealth.com. Save 15% on your first order of ARMRA Colostrum and unlock the power of 400+ functional nutrients. Just visit TryARMRA.com/Mark or use code MARK. Pendulum is offering listeners 20% off their first month’s subscription of Akkermansia for gut health. Visit PendulumLife.com and use code HYMAN. Head over to LiveMomentous.com/Mark for 20% off creatine, collagen, and all of their best-in-class products. Enjoy the highest quality macadamia nuts today. Get 15% off my custom House of Macadamias bundle or 10% off your entire order at HouseOfMacadamias.com/Hyman.

Coming up on this episode of The Doctor's Pharmacy. So you need to load the body with the highest quality food possible, unprocessed from good soil, because you are gonna increase the probability that those little cells are gonna have the right thing floating around them to do what you wanna do, which is be healthy and not be sick.

Before we get into today's episode, I'd like to take a minute to remind you of some exciting news. My new cookbook, The Young Forever Cookbook, will be released on Tuesday, June 4th nationwide. In my new cookbook, The Cooking Companion to My Book, Young Forever, you'll find over 100 mouth-watering, anti-inflammatory recipes that are going to help you live a longer, healthier life. You can pre-order The Young Forever Cookbook at youngforevercookbook.com. Just click on the pre-order button at the top right. I'm so excited to share these recipes with you and so much more. And again, the Young Forever Cookbook comes out on Tuesday, June 4th.

Pre-order yours today. Hey everyone, it's Dr. Mark. Time is our most valuable asset and Rupa Health understands that better than anyone. They've created a game-changing solution to simplify lab ordering for functional medicine practitioners like you. With Rupa Health understands that better than anyone. They've created a game-changing solution to simplify lab ordering for functional medicine practitioners like you. With Rupa Health's online portal, you can access over 3,000 tests from dozens of lab companies like Dutch, Doctors Data, Mosaic, Genova, and Access Medical Laboratories, all with just a few clicks. That means no more headaches or administrative nightmares that come with traditional ordering processes. Plus, you'll only receive one invoice for all your tests, making life easier than ever before. And the best part, it's completely free. That's right. There's no hidden fees or complicated billing system. Just one invoice, paid online and upfront. So start saving time and energy by visiting rupahealth.com. Sign up free

and take control of your lab ordering process today. That's rupahealth.com. Everyday exposure to chemicals, pollutants, allergens, and processed ingredients can disrupt your body's natural barriers in the skin, lungs, and gut, leading to the root cause of modern health problems like inflammation. But a powerful food backed by extensive research can help strengthen these barriers. Arm Rock Colostrum. Colostrum is the only food in nature made for the human body, and it's the first nutrition we receive in life in order to fully thrive. Armora Colostrum harnesses the power of colostrum's over 400 functional nutrients

to strengthen your body's barriers and optimize cellular health for thousands of whole body benefits. Armora Colostrum supports your entire gut wall system, which guards against irritants that can trigger symptoms like bloating, constipation, and irritable bowel syndrome. And because it works at the foundational level, thousands of users report enhanced skin radiance, fuller hair, stronger immunity, and increased metabolism. It's even been shown in clinical trials to promote lean muscle mass, a critical component of longevity. We've worked out a special offer for my audience. Receive 15% off your first order. Go to tryarmra.com forward slash mark and enter the code mark to get 15% off your first order. That's T-R-Y-A-R-M-R-A.com forward slash mark and enter the code mark to get 15% off your first order. That's

t-r-y-a-r-m-r-a.com forward slash mark. And now let's get back to this week's episode of The Doctor's Pharmacy. Welcome to The Doctor's Pharmacy. I'm Dr. Mark Hyman. That's pharmacy with an F for place for conversations that matter. And today's conversation is about good energy. Who doesn't want good energy? You're going to love this conversation with a good friend of mine, a brilliant physician, Dr. Casey Means. She's a Stanford trained physician and co-founder at Levels, a health technology company with the mission of reversing the world's metabolic health crisis. Her book on metabolic health, Good Energy, is out now. She received her BA with honors, an MD from Stanford. She's just a legend. She's a president of her Stanford class. She has served

on the Stanford faculty, and she's also trained as a head and neck surgeon and would left that amazing career to devote her life to tackling the root cause of why Americans are so sick and overweight. She's been featured in the New York Times, the New Yorker, Wall Street Journal, Forbes, Women's Health, and lots more. And Casey and I dive deep into the topic of her new book, Good Energy. You know, we all have bad energy. Our body's ability to make energy and our resulting fatigue and cognitive dysfunction and metabolic health dysfunction are all caused by a lack of proper energy. And we're going to get into what that means and why it's important and how we have such an epidemic of poor metabolic health that affects 93% of Americans, how her own story

through the discovery of this topic and through her mother's illness changed her view of everything. She talks about how you need to trust your own body and not just the doctor, right? The most intelligent person in the room in terms of your own health is your own body. Don't trust the doctors. Don't trust the science. Don't trust me. Trust yourself. We'll talk about that.

It's a really interesting frame. We also talk about the six principles of good energy eating that can apply to any dietary pattern or philosophy from vegan to carnivore and simple rules when it comes to food and lots more. Very exciting conversation about this, as well as things we can do to really fix our food policy system. So I hope you love this conversation. Coming right up with Dr. Casey Means. Casey, it's so great to have you back on the podcast today. Mark, it's such a joy to be here with you always. You know, I was thinking about both of us and how our medical careers took such a different

trajectory. We were both trained in the orthodoxy of traditional conventional medicine, went to top medical schools, top residency programs. You were at Stanford. You were at the pinnacle of medicine. You were a head and neck surgeon. You had this incredible career ahead of you. And then something changed in your mind about what you were learning.

You realized that maybe the orthodoxy wasn't completely true. Not that it's all bad or wrong, but like something fundamentally was flawed about medicine and about how we're trained, about how we think about disease and health, how we get indoctrinated in ways that make us blind to what's really true about human health and biology. And I've heard you talk about this on other podcasts. And I just think you have such an incredible story to tell about being this top doctor at one of the top institutions in the world and you're just like, nah, I'm getting out of that cult. What happened? I think the easiest way to describe how I got out of the cult

is that I did the most dangerous thing that you can possibly do, I think, as an American living today, which is you can start to ask the question, why? Why? Why? Why? Yeah. Why is it that I'm nine years into my medical training and I don't really understand why patients are sick?

Why is it that we're spending $4.3 trillion on healthcare costs and we're getting sicker every year? Why is it that the more hundreds of millions of prescriptions for chronic disease medications we're prescribing, we're actually increasing the rates of the chronic diseases? Why the more specialties that we literally invent in medicine, the sicker that we are getting? Why the more surgeries we're doing, are patients getting sicker that we are getting? Why the more surgeries we're doing, our patients getting

sicker? Asking the question, why? This doesn't really make sense. So what's really going on here? And once you start opening that box, you know, you can't go back. It's over. Because you start to see that the true foundation that the whole system is built on is actually so fundamentally flawed that it's not going to be an incremental fix that gets us out of this monumental, devastating hole that we're in in America where literally we're getting sicker, heavier, more depressed, more infertile every year. Life expectancy is going down and it's getting worse. We're not going to get out of that hole by changing a few words on the Medicare Part D, page 250. It's going to be a wholesale- Let's cover Ozempic on Medicare Part D, the drug benefit.

That's going to fix everything. Yeah. that's gonna fix everything yeah so it's it's a wholesale reimagination of the foundation of the whole thing of the whole health care system of our relationship with our bodies and building it from the ground up and that's why i wrote this book good energy and that's of course why i just so honor the work that you've been doing, because it's not about incrementalism. It's about following the rabbit hole of the question why and getting to the root cause of why we're sick and reimagining the future of humanity, not just the healthcare system, but actually the future of human thriving. Wow. I love that. That's so beautiful. And I think

about the question why. It reminds me of a couple of things. One, my mother used to say to me when I got home from school, Mark, not what did you learn in school today, but what questions did you ask? Like, what questions did you ask? And so I've been that question asker. I'm like that annoying kid in the front of the class. Hey, what about this? What about that?

And I literally would not leave a medical school classroom until I actually asked all the questions that I needed to know. And functional medicine, the way I describe it to people is, is traditional medicine is the medicine of what? What disease do you have? What drug do I give? Functional medicine is the medicine of describe it to people is traditional medicine is the medicine of what? What disease do you have? What drug do I give?

Functional medicine is the medicine of why. Why is this happening? Why is my immune system so pissed off and I have an autoimmune disease? Not what drug do I give it and what do I call this particular disease? And when you start asking why, the whole world opens up. And we begin to wonder, wait a minute. We did not learn about health in medical school. We did not learn about anything

that really matters about how to create health for people. And my daughter right now, she's in her third year of medical school. I said, Rachel, did you learn about the microbiome? No. Did you learn about insulin resistance? No. Did you learn about- The mitochondria. Mitochondria. Well, the Krebs cycle in first year medical school biochemistry. Did you learn about nutrition? No. And I'm like, well, what are you learning about? These are the fundamental things that are wrong today in human beings in the 21st century

that we have to address that are at the root of our dis-ease and dis-ease. And your book, Good Energy, the surprising connection between metabolism and limitless health is just a tour de force. I think even that's the quote I gave you on the cover. It's, it's, it's one of those books that I think is a paradigm shifting book because it helps us to understand what's really at stake here. What the problem is with

the why, the answers to all the whys of the questions that you were asking, you went, not just ask the questions, but you made sure you dug deep to find the answers of why. And then you built a sideways career, not a neck surgeon, but you started a company. You want to empower people with their own health information about their own metabolism. And this is really what good energy sort of came from was this insight about what really matters and how do we start to think about what's making so many people sick in this country. And I talk about this ad nauseum. People are probably sick on the podcast.

But metabolic health is the fundamental barometer of everything that's wrong with our society today. We're seeing over 120 million Americans with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes. I think it's way more than that. Because if 93% of us are metabolic and healthy by the definition according to the NHANES trial, which is basically the Government National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. percent of us are metabolic and healthy by the definition according to the n haynes trial which is basically the government national health and nutrition examination survey it's a massive study it's been going for decades and decades it tracks people's lab tests and all their biomarkers and their health status and basically said hey you know like 93 have high cholesterol high blood

sugar high blood pressure have had a heart attack or stroke or are overweight yeah 93 percent of us and all of that all of that is about metabolic health and good energy. Your book is really the insight into why that's happening, what to do about it and how to fix it for yourself. So everybody, other than the 7% who don't need this book, 93% of you listening out there have this. And you know, I just to kind of go on for a second, I know this is your podcast. I could listen to you talk you know one of the things that one of the things that was striking is i co-founded this company function health you heard me talking about it and we

tracked over three million biomarkers now and these are health forward people these are not you know necessarily people who are um you know just the average american because they're early adopters right who are like who are the first person to get iPhones or Apple Watches? Those are early adopters. 95% have elevated lipid particles, and 89% have elevated small lipid particles or LDL particles, and 56% have high ApoB, which is a marker of poor metabolic health. So you're looking at these numbers, and what do they mean?

Well, they basically mean that we're seeing 89% of people at least have poor metabolic health in this group of people. And this was stunning to me. And I'm like, holy crap, we're in deep doo-doo. So how we ended up like that and how do we have people having this metabolic dysfunction, which at the root is something called insulin resistance, which is sort of the thing I talk about a lot. But why don't you explain what that is and why we ended up like this? And why is it half or maybe more than half? Maybe it's 93% of the population.

And it's like, you know, it's a continuum. Like you don't just go, I'm sick. You don't get pre-diabetes one day and then diabetes another day. You have this continuum from wellness to illness and this transition happens slowly over time and so this 93 is those people on that transition yeah how do we get here what do we do and i so agree with you i think it's more than 93 because if you actually look at the one of the 93 that's that's just looking at people who fall

into the normal range for all the metabolic health criteria but if you look at optimal range i'd get i'd guess it's less than one% of Americans are actually optimally healthy. I want to be in that 1%. I think you probably are, Mark. But to get at your question of how did we get here, where 93% or more of the American adults in our population have a fundamental problem with metabolic health, meaning how their cells are powered. And I could go into the food and the lifestyle and the sedentary behavior and the systems issues and Rockefeller and the bad economic incentives. And I'm sure we'll talk about all of that. But I think at the

highest level, the real root of why we're here is fundamentally it's about disconnection. And I think the way that I can most easily explain that is to just give people a picture of what happens in your last year of medical school. You went through this, I went through this. You are asked to choose from one of over 40 medical specialties, separate specialties to devote your entire life to and climbing the ladder in the western health care system means becoming more and more specialized on a smaller and smaller part of the body that is success in our system like if you're an otologist who focuses on a one square centimeter part of the entire body that is prestige. And so you're in that system of hyper specialization. And what is built into that fundamentally is fragmentation. It's an idea that the body is

all these different separate parts that are disconnected. And so we have these fragmentation goggles as doctors that don't let us see the whole system together. And that affects every aspect of both how we practice medicine and treat medicine as this whack-a-mole game of symptom management, but also in the way we view the fundamental nature of the body. So in that system, it's almost blasphemy to ask the question or think, how is erectile dysfunction connected to Alzheimer's dementia? That just seems so out of left field through our conventional system. How's your microbiome connected to autoimmune disease or depression or autism, right? Exactly. It's all about disconnection. And actually, there's a disincentive to focus

on other parts of the body from what you're specialized in because of liability. That's out of your lane. What if you do it wrong? And that's a problem. And because of this, we don't have the basic framework to see the blaringly obvious fact that all of the symptoms and diseases that we are facing and suffering from in the modern Western world are fundamentally the same disease. They are disease of metabolic dysfunction, insulin resistance, as you said. It's like the blind man and the elephant.

All the specialists taking care of all the different parts of your body can't actually see the whole and don't understand the root causes. And it's what you're talking about. I mean, there's other things that drive it, but that's like, I have a huge one. Disconnection. And I think, you know, the first part of my book

is called Everything is Connected. Because I really do think that we could just keep throwing more money at the problem. But unless the actual foundation of what we're dealing with is true, is based in truth, which is an interconnected system, we're just not going to heal. And I think, you know, a real call to action I have for people when reading this book is to re-embrace an idea of connection on all aspects of our individual lives and of the system. And I really think about four main key things. The first is this fundamental internalization that the root cause of most of the things that we are truly suffering from that are shortening the lives

of our parents, of ourselves, that are hurting our children are fundamentally rooted in the same things, metabolic dysfunction, insulin resistance, and how our cells power themselves. Seeing that connection between all parts of the body. The second piece- It's an energy crisis. It's an energy crisis, an underpowering energy crisis that's manifesting in all these different trunks of that tree and different cell types as different diseases. So number one is understanding that the root cause of what is making us sick is metabolic dysfunction. The second piece of connection that people need to internalize- Wait, wait, just before you go to the second one, just unpack a little bit,

specifically the conditions, diseases that are linked to this. Because people say insulin resistance, I don't know what is that. My doctor never talked to me about it. I never had a test for it. I don't know what she's talking about. What are the diseases? Just quickly. And then I want to hear your second point. So fundamentally, metabolic dysfunction, insulin resistance is a problem with how cells are powered, how these beautiful machines of our cells are powered. We have 40 trillion plus cells in our body. They all are doing trillions of chemical reactions per second. And every single one of those chemical reactions needs a currency of energy to pay for that work. That energy is ATP. That energy is made by ourselves, by our metabolic processes to pay for all that work. In 93% of American adults, that process is damaged. The flow of food energy,

which is a potential energy, to human energy, which is ATP, that process is blocked. So that is the fundamental issue. Ultimately diabetes is starving in the midst of plenty. Exactly. Like your cells are starving, like type 1 diabetes essentially is they can eat 10,000 calories a day but without insulin it's not getting in the cell. So if insulin is not working properly, you're not getting the energy. So this is a really important point. Absolutely. And every aspect of our rapidly changing environment has hurt this beautiful structure

inside ourselves the mitochondria that converts this cosmic energy food energy to human energy so we are blocking that miraculous flow of potential energy into human energy and because of that we have underpowered cells and because we have over 200 cell types in the body we have underpowered cells. And because we have over 200 cell types in the body, we have all these different types of cells. We've got retinal cells, we've got astrocytes, we've got glial cells, we've got hepatocytes, we've got kidney cells, we've got, you know, we've got... Fibrocytes and myocytes. Ovarian zika cells, myocytes. Because we have all these different types of cells, the underpowering of different cell types looks like different diseases because, of course, the manifestation of dysfunction in a particular cell type will look different based on where it's showing up.

And so to get to your question, what does that look like? It can look like anything from polycystic ovarian syndrome, the leading cause of female infertility, to erectile dysfunction, fatty liver disease, stroke, heart disease, Alzheimer's, dementia, cancer, depression, anxiety, migraine, fibromyalgia. It can look like almost anything, gout, premature blindness. And people might say, God, these things are totally different. But the key thing that people need to realize is that these are different cell-specific manifestations of the same underlying process, which is underpowering due to mitochondrial dysfunction that's caused by our modern environment that is blocking us from converting food energy to human energy. That is the core of our metabolic crisis. And that is what this book is about,

is how to both understand that, learn about how that process is going in your own body, and then take the steps, the evidence-based steps, to rapidly improve that in your own life so that we can cultivate the internal cellular life force that powers every cell of our body to do good work. And when we have cells that are functioning properly and are powered properly, that is health. Yeah. So. And that's just such a beautiful breakdown of this. And as you're talking, I'm just thinking, yes, we really don't think of medicine properly.

We don't think of this fundamental root causes. And what you're talking about, it was sort of even insight for me, I've been doing this for a long time, is it's linked to everything, right? It's heart disease, diabetes, cancer, Alzheimer's, fertility issues, mental health issues, on and on and on. And so the conditions that we're all suffering from, that we're all getting sick, all the things that you laid out at the beginning, the healthcare costs going up, the diseases

going up, are all related to this phenomena. Hey everyone, it's Dr. Mark. We're living in a modern world that's simply terrible for our gut health. And even if we're eating all the right foods and eliminating the wrong foods, we still need to make sure we're encouraging the growth of certain beneficial bacteria like Ackermansia mucinifolia. Ackermansia is the probiotic that played a pivotal role in proving my own gut health when I was trying to recover from the greatest health crisis of my life, and I've been a super fan of it ever since. It's a critical bacterial strain known for strengthening and regulating the gut lining based on preclinical studies, and it's also an important determinant in helping maintain a healthy weight, your metabolism, long-term health, and so many other factors. And it's easier than ever to up your acromantia thanks to Pendulum Therapeutics. In fact, Pendulum is the only company in the U.S.

that manufactures and sells live acromantia mesenophilia. If you want to try it for yourself, Pendulum is offering my listeners 20% off their first month of acromantia subscription with the code HYMAN. Just head over to PendulumLife.com to check it out. That's P-E-N-D-U-L-U-M-Life.com with the code HYMAN for 20% off. Now, a good diet is foundational to living a long, healthy life. But because our food just isn't as nutritious as it once was, most of us have to supplement to get all the vitamins and minerals we need. Unfortunately, finding a high quality, no filler supplement used to be a real challenge, but not anymore. That's why I choose Momentous. Their supplements are developed in

collaboration with leading experts like Dr. Andrew Huberman and Andy Galpin, and are used by 90% of the teams in the NFL, as well as nearly 200 pro and college locker rooms. They're also committed to rigorous third-party testing and independent certification, which means the ingredients on the label are in the product, and that's it. And with no fillers or additives with Momentous, what you see is what you get. I take Momentus Collagen and Creatine Daily, two supplements that work together to repair and power my body. Momentus Collagen is clinically researched and it delivers 15 grams of collagen that support type 1, 2, and 3 collagen in the body.

Momentus Creatine uses Creatine Monohydrate, the gold standard in creatine supplementation. So if you're like me and you want to take supplements that are made by and used by the best in the world, go to livemomentous.com forward slash mark for 20% off creatine collagen and all their best in class products. That's L-I-V-E-M-O-M-E-N-T-O-U-S.com forward slash mark for 20% off. If you're a longtime listener, you know how much I love macadamia nuts. And that's why I'm so excited to share with you House of Macadamias. Not only do they prioritize the highest quality of their nuts, but they stand out for their direct partnership with African farmers. These nuts are packed with the highest percentage of heart-healthy monounsaturated fats compared to other nuts and even avocados. Plus, macadamia oil is even richer in MUFAs than

olive oil, making it a perfect addition to a Mediterranean-style diet. Macadamia nuts also have the lowest carbohydrate content with 33% less carbohydrates than almonds and 50% less than cashews. They boast one of the best omega-6-3 ratios, about 8 times better than that of pistachios, and the lowest linoleic acid content, which is about 126 that of walnuts. They also have the lowest levels of lectins, phytic acid, oxalates, especially compared with almonds and cashews. And they're the only nut with rare omega-7s linked to reduced inflammation and that also support natural collagen production and metabolic health and more. Now you know why I love macadamia so much. Right now you can get 15% off, but for a very limited time with every subscription to my bundle, you'll receive a free month's worth of 100% macadamia milk worth $20 every delivery. Visit houseofmacadamias.com slash hymen to get

15% off today. That's houseofmacadamias.com slash hymen. And now let's get back to this week's episode of The Doctor's Pharmacy. One of the problems is why aren't we fixing this? Our healthcare institutions profit when we're sick. We lose money when we're healthy. The whole system thrives on perverse financial incentives. The more things you do, the more you get paid. It doesn't matter if a patient gets better or not. You know, we have a huge food industry in this country, $10 trillion, processed food

primarily, and healthcare is kind of a huge industry all connected to this one problem and it's all predicated on our disease care system and our dependency. In fact, I think fast food industry is invested in by the insurance companies. Oh, jeez. So dark. Yeah, and recently, I don't know if you heard this,

but the fast food makers and processed food makers called the CEO of Novo Nordisk stressed about losing their market or stomach share. That's right. So why is a system working like this? Why is our health not a priority for these institutions? How do we take back control? Why is the system so screwed up? It's very simple, Mark.

It's a devil's bargain. It's a devil's bargain that involves 10 plus trillion dollars of industry that form a revolving door of customers. And I would say the two main industries that we're dealing with, like you mentioned, are the ultra-processed food industry and the healthcare system, which comprises hospitals, doctors' offices, the pharmaceutical industry, and insurance. And the stark financial reality is that every institution in America that touches our health makes more money when we are sick, and they make less money when we're healthy. And as you know, health care is both the largest industry in the entire United States, and it's also the fastest growing industry. It's a business that's designed to grow. And right now, with the incentives that we have at play in the United States,

the way that the healthcare system grows is more patients engaged in the system for a longer period of time, having more things done to them and put into their bodies or taken out of their bodies. That is how the system grows. Reminded me, I don't want to cut you up, but I do. I remember this slide I used to show looking at the healthcare costs. In 2000, when I started doing talks on this stuff, it was $1.6 trillion. Now it's 4.3 trillion. And this is in 24 years. It's staggering, right? Largest economy in the world. Richest country in human history.

25% of the GDP and growing. It's wild. It's absolutely wild. And so you've got the food system that benefits, of course, and it gets its shareholder returns by having more people addicted to their products and essentially eating themselves to death through addiction to their food products. And then you have a health care system that happily is there to take on those, or even have the framework, the connection goggles, to teach the patients about how that food is related to their healthcare issues, sends them right back out to eat that food. Now, food doesn't really matter with this disease. Just do whatever you want.

Yeah, whatever you want. Yeah. So it's a profit cycle that's based in these stark economic realities. And I think it's probably similar for you as a doctor. Like, every doctor I know is a good person. They went into healthcare to help people. But when you have $10 trillion of an invisible hand that has insidiously corrupted every aspect of the system

from the research that's published to how the medical school classes are taught to how you get paid in healthcare. What happens is that you become entrenched in a system that is abjectly harming patients when it comes to chronic disease management, which is now the, of course, the biggest part of what we treat and also takes the wins we had in the last century of healthcare, which were all based on treatment of acute illnesses. And you take the trust that was engendered from that and you ask people to trust the science with chronic illnesses, which has been an abject failure. And so that's what's happening. And doctors, I think, in a sense, doctors are

also victims. But I remember vividly when I was in my surgical residency, and I was heading into my fifth year of surgical residency about to launch in the world as an independent surgeon. And the doctors would sit you down at lunch, the attendings, and say, we got to talk about the business of this because you're going to have to make money. And in surgery, the unofficial mantra and euphemism of how to make money as a surgeon is you eat what you kill. And that is a dark, dark euphemism. That's one of the mantras you hear in medical school. You do. You eat what you kill.

And what that means, of course, it doesn't mean you actually kill the patient, because that would be losing a customer. But you are, the amount of surgeries that you book will determine your livelihood. And so- The nice way of saying that is a chance to cut is a chance to cure, but it still incentivizes surgery, right? Yeah. And of course, that exact statement is why we all go into surgery. Those of us who go into surgery, it's a chance to cut is a chance to cure. I remember deeply thinking, you know, you're at the end of medical school and I'm like, I want to be a badass. I want to be hardcore. So I'm going to become a surgeon. I want that drill. I want that bone. So I'm going to get in there because I'm a badass. And you think, I'm going to be a hero. And then the rude awakening is to realize that what we've put on a pedestal in our society, in our intervention first reactive system, is that who is the hero in medicine? When you think about the hero, you think about the old white guy in the operating room with a bone saw doing a heart surgery or doing a brain surgery. That's

the hero. And when you really step back and think about it, that person in that eight-hour surgery with the patient on bypass, with probably a $250,000 surgery, the patient in the hospital for several weeks, that heart surgery does absolutely nothing, and I mean literally nothing, to change the underlying physiology that caused that heart blockage. Zero. Right. We have another terrible thing we say, treat them and street them.

Street them and street them. Meaning like you get them, you do your procedure, you do your treatment, and then you get them out of the office, which is horrible to say, but it's one of the things we say because it's like we don't really want to deal

with all the things that actually have to be done, which is how do you address the root cause of why they're sick? How do you change their lifestyle? How do you change what they're eating? How do you change their social network? How do you change their nutritional status? None of that becomes part of what we do. No.

And then somewhere on that ward, somewhere down the hall is a tiny little broom closet where a nutritionist is sitting, who is an afterthought in the system, who might be tailing around on the rounds and, you know, but not the hero, not the center. In fact, probably like an afterthought, sort of like the wimpy part of the team. That's the way nutrition is looked at. And that nutritionist, if trained properly, a functional nutritionist, has the potential to reverse the heart disease for which that patient is on the operating table. So our paradigm of who is a hero and who is a wimp is very much dictated by the financial incentives and has just clouded us. And I would sit in the workroom as a head and neck surgical trainee and bring in papers that said, hey, I think if we try this diet

on this patient with sinusitis, they might do better. We might want to get rid of some of these inflammatory things in the diet. And I was told, and I quote, don't be a pussy. Wow. And that was the mantra, was like, you did not come here to give nutrition advice. Wow. So of course, now I've embraced that and I'm thrilled. But it's really dark what the financial incentives do to drive us to see something as heroic

and something as happy. I think you're just hitting on something I just wanna unpack, because I don't think most people understand the nature of our system. And it's not that they're bad people, but the system itself creates perverse incentives that allow people to do and encourage people to do the wrong things or the bad things. And what's

happened is that our entire, as you unpack, our entire educational system, research infrastructure, professional associations like the American Heart Association, Academy of Nutrition, Dietetics, are all co-opted and funded in large part by pharma and food. And it creates a very muddied waters for anybody navigating the science. And we think science is this sort of high level, perfect, ethereal sort of discipline where the truth is told. And once it's out there in a published peer-reviewed journal, that's the truth. And unfortunately, friends, that is not true. What's really true is that most of the system is corrupt. Most of the funding is from pharma. Even the NIH funding doesn't fund nutrition, doesn't fund root cause analysis, doesn't fund systems thinking, doesn't fund systems approaches. And we have a very reductionist model that's based on a very outdated paradigm. There's really been this corporate capture of our entire health and

food care system. And it's like the people in it, the doctors, the nurses, hardworking, good people are in the matrix. They're in the fricking matrix and they don't know they're in the matrix. And so it's hard for them to see outside the box so if you bring in a paper that says oh here's data that shows that if you change this diet this this health problem will go away that's not really in the paradigm right so don't bother me with that piece of information even if it's good science and so we get really focused in a very narrow way with blinders on and only looking at data that's really promulgated and pushed by food and pharma. That's right.

I mean, I was, I was, uh, got, someone said, oh, listen, artificial sweeteners aren't so bad. And they sent me a couple of papers. I'm like, oh, really? Okay. I'll look at the paper. I'm very interested in science. I looked at the paper, read the paper.

Oh, this is interesting. Yeah. It doesn't seem to be a problem. Oh, who funded the study? Oh yeah. It was entirely funded by the American Beverage Association, also previously known as the American Soda Pop Association. And the other study was funded by this guy who worked for, was done by this guy who worked

for Coca-Cola and was on the board of the International Sweeteners Association. So guess what? You know, science isn't pure and perfect. You have to be very smart. And I would say the first thing you look at is who funded the study, what are the conflicts of interest? And even if they're not listed, do a little homework. You might find there's another layer that you might not know about. And so it's really important when you start to look at this to understand that, and it's unfortunate for consumers out there,

for people wanting to take care of their health or patients, it's very tough to know it's true. Casey and folks like her and what I've tried to do over my life in my career is try to bring a sense of what's the wheat from the chaff? What's true? What's not true? How do we navigate this horrible landscape that we're in? And I think Good Energy, your book, is just a really beautiful roadmap for people to follow to understand how we got here and how we get out of here. Because the truth is there's good energy to be had yeah but right now most people have bad energy so let's talk about what is actually causing uh good energy how do we think about what is the root cause of the bad energy and how do we shift that to create good energy and that and that good energy isn't just like i have more energy it's really about fundamental metabolic energy that drives our life

force and is at the root of all diseases so whether you have parkinson's or alzheimer's or cancer or diabetes or many many diseases they're often rooted in mitochondrial and energy issues which have to do with all the things you're talking about in your book so help us sort of unpack that yes absolutely so you know good energy is sorry for the diatribe on the on the corporate capture of our food system. It's my dream. Let's just listen to you talk about this. Everyone read Food Fix.

The way I think about how bad energy is created is I think about health as really like a matching problem. Our cells have basic needs. They have basic inputs that they need to function properly. And when they get those needs met and they are not overburdened with inputs that they need to function properly. And when they get those needs met, and they are not overburdened with things that they do not need, we have health. It's really that simple. Sometimes I think about these 40 trillion cells that as this whole self, we are essentially here to caretake these cells and meet their needs. And I think about them sort

of as, it's like we have 40 trillion little children that we're caring for, like babies and infants. And if you think about like an infant, if an infant is crying, then you go through your basic checklist of what a baby might need. It's like, are they hungry? Do they need a diaper change? Do they need to sleep?

Is the temperature okay? And you run through it because they can't speak to you. They can only cry. And so you run through it and then you do change the environment and they'll settle down. The body has only so many ways of saying ouch. It only has, right. And with the cells, they also can't speak. They also can't speak and they can't cry like a baby. So what do they do? They generate symptoms. And that is what's happening, which is that our cells are not getting their basic needs met. And so they're crying out and they're crying out through these

symptoms and these diseases that are fundamentally rooted in the mitochondria not getting what it needs. And for a baby, it might be diaper change, milk or sleep. For the cells, it's just a basic set of things. It's what's the food that's going in? How is our stress? How is our sleep? How is our movement? What's the toxin exposure? What's the light exposure getting? And what is the temperature around us? I think about those seven things as some of the key vectors that we can just run through in our head very simply. Like, okay, how am I doing on food? Is it getting what it needs? Are we taking away the things that are bad? How's the movement? Are we getting enough? Are we stimulating the cells in the way they need? How's our sleep getting to,

are we getting good consistency, quality, quantity of sleep? Just run through the checklist. And so the book has very clear sort of quizzes that you can take to really take an honest stock of the different vectors that we need to think about to see if we're meeting the needs of the cells and taking away the things that can overburden them. Because when we run through that and we do that, health emerges fairly effortlessly. So basically we're saying take out the bad stuff, put in the good stuff, and your body knows what to do. And have intense compassion for your cells. Symptoms and diseases do not arise in a vacuum.

They are fundamentally and necessarily related to dysfunction in our cells. And dysfunction in our cells is necessarily caused by our cells getting too much of what they don't need or not enough of what they do need. And of course, you've been talking about this for years. But I think- By the way, every doctor learns this in second year medical school. And there's a textbook we all read called The Pathologic Base of Disease by Robinsoninson cotran and in that book in the first chapter and i reread it a number of years ago it basically says that that every disturbance every pathological change meaning anything you can see on a microscope or you can see like clark arteries or damage the brain every pathological

change is preceded by a biochemical change. And that's biochemical changes are related to all the things you're talking about that we have influence over. And also to back up, mitochondria folks is basically the little things in your cells that make energy. And it's a powerhouse of our cells. It takes food and oxygen, it combusts it and produces energy. And that's a very straightforward process, but it's screwed up by what we do and how we live. And that's what you're really talking about is this key to life. And you can live 30 days without food. You can live a week without water,

11 days without sleep, maybe four months without oxygen. But if you poison your mitochondria, you're dead like that. Like you take cyanide, you're done, right? Which poisons the mitochondria. Yeah, I think a lot of our health journey can actually improve

if we really start to meditate on how really miraculous these structures in our cells are. We have tens to literally hundreds of thousands of mitochondria and different cell types, and they are the powerhouse of the cell. They convert food to energy. But if you really think about it, it is miraculous what they are doing. They are taking this cosmic energy, food energy, that's like literally created when the sun hits the leaves of plants and the sun's energy is stored in the carbon-carbon bonds of plants. And then we take up that energy into our bodies, break it down and unleash that incredible cosmic sun energy in our mitochondria to create a currency of energy

that powers us loving, living, thinking, and reaching our highest potential. Wait, wait, wait. So we're solar powered? We're solar powered. Exactly. I love that. I love that. And so anything that we do to hurt our mitochondria, which we do through eating ultra-processed food, eating refined sugars, refined grains, refined seed oils, not eating real food, by not sleeping enough, by not managing our trauma and our stress, by seeing artificial light at night, by not seeing the sunlight in the morning,

by living a thermoneutral existence, by not protecting ourselves from environmental toxins, anything that we do to hurt that miraculous structure of the mitochondria. Yes, what it does is it creates insulin resistance. It creates metabolic dysfunction. But really what it's doing is blocking the unbridled flow of light energy, of cosmic energy through our form to power our life force and our highest potential. And so it's bigger than just these clinical terms. It's bigger than insulin resistance. It's about giving our bodies what they need to create a form that can process energy in a way that allows us to reach our highest purpose.

And so it's beautiful. And it's so simple. It is actually so simple to improve mitochondrial health. And I think a message I really want to get across to people is that the system depends on you thinking that it's complicated. The system profits off you being confused about what exercise protocol. The medical industrial food complex. Is that what you're talking about?

The influencers, the fitness industry, the healthcare industry, the food industry. They have us all running around like chickens with our heads cut off, consuming every strategy. You know, this month I've got to do resistance training. Now I've got to do yoga. Now I've got to do hot yoga. Now I've got to do Pilates. Now I've got to do keto. Now I've got to do paleo.

Now I've got to do vegan. You know, now I need this mattress. It's like, it's fascinating to just step back and realize the more research we're publishing on PubMed about nutrition and fitness, the sicker we're getting. Well, it's not being applied. That's part of it. Yeah. I think it's deeper than that, though. I think when you, just like you talked about with the funding of a lot of this research, there is an incentive to make it complicated when it's actually quite simple.

Michael Pollan, eat food, just did that, like didn't get most 70% of their calories from a factory, we'd cut healthcare costs by 90%. Like it's really quite, I don't, it doesn't matter if that's carnivore or vegan, if it's real unpoisoned food, we're going to be a lot healthier. And so I think the system benefits off our confusion and that's built into every layer of our research industry our medical education etc and so the real empowerment is to understand that and then just blow it up and take total control in your own life and i mean i think a message that I put in the book that can be scary to people is I say, don't trust doctors. Don't trust the science. Don't trust influencers.

Trust yourself. Yeah. Yeah. Because we are living in an age where the incentives are working against us. It's an uphill battle. And in the last three years, we now have the tools at our disposal at home to understand more about our bodies and how our personal choices are working for our biology than we've ever had in human history. We literally can have the answers and don't need to give away our trust to other people

outside of us that profit off our confusion. All you have to do is step back and look at the world and realize we're the only species with experts and we're the only species with a chronic disease epidemic. I love that. I would say the smartest doctor in the room is your own body. Listen to that.

And we have the tools now to do that and everyone can access it. Literally this is function health that you created that i invested in which allows people to go deep inside of the center of the cell and know is it working yeah is it working and if it's not there will be clear biomarker changes that are saying that your cells are crying your cells are the babies that are wailing. And that's a clear signal. Shift your strategy.

It's not working. It doesn't need to be confusing. It actually can be quite black and white. If I wake up in the morning and I look at my function health results and they are pretty much all in the optimal range, and I look at my continuous glucose monitor and I am in the very healthy normal range with minimal glucose spikes for the past 24 hours, and I wake up and I feel incredible with no symptoms and I feel happy,

joyful, creative, and limitless, I know that my strategy is working. And that is going to be a different strategy from you and everyone else. But with that empowerment of looking at my sensors, looking at my biomarkers, and looking at my body awareness and my knowing and my symptoms with those things, I can say with absolute certainty that I know my plan is working. No compromised research necessary. So I think there's a movement that's going to. Actually, we talked about this before on the podcast, but the highest level of evidence according to the National Institute of Health is N of 1 studies, meaning you're your own control.

You do something, you change something, see what happens. Yeah. You know, I had a patient who used a continuous glucose monitor and you created levels that really allows people to be democratizing their own biomarkers in real time by having a monitor that you stick on your skin that tracks your blood sugar over time and you get instant feedback about what's happening. And most of the time, it's the obvious stuff, right? It's what we're eating.

It's not exercising. But what was really interesting with this patient, I had just talked to him on Saturday. Basically, he has been involved in optimizing his health for a long time, but his sugar was still dysregulated. Exercise is great. Eats great. Doesn't do anything bad. Doesn't drink.

And what we decided was he probably had some level of toxins, which we now know are another factor that drive insulin resistance. So it's not only what we eat. It's petrochemicals, plastic, phthalates bpa heavy metals all these things arsenic all this we know is linked to diabetes this is in the literature but of course if you go to endocrinologist they're not talking about this but we put them on a cellular detoxification regimen and he's like man my sugars for the first time are actually normal this is amazing and i was like wow that's really interesting feedback so now we're able to get feedback in real time about what's happening

in our body. So you could say, well, where's a randomized controlled trial that environmental toxins, if you detoxify someone using this protocol, actually fixes their blood sugar and regulates that, you might not find it. And this is what happens in medicine. There's this discrediting of anything that doesn't fit the orthodoxy with this rubric of evidence-based medicine, which essentially says that if that doesn't fit the orthodoxy with this rubric of evidence-based medicine, which essentially says that if it doesn't meet the standard of the highest level

of evidence, which is a randomized controlled human trial, then there's no evidence for it. That ignores an entire set of other types of evidence, basic science evidence, animal studies, smaller clinical trials, population studies, cohort studies. There's a lot of evidence and we have to sort of read the tea leaves. It's not like black and white. And so anything that doesn't fit the orthodoxy gets discredited. And the way research is done is only to drive these large trials for pharma. So you're not getting trials on cellular detox protocols for diabetes. You're not getting big trials on nutrition for diabetes, right? You're getting a little bit here and there, but it's not really building the evidence base

that conventional orthodoxy says has to meet that standard in order to actually believe it or do it. And so what it means is it's a way of discrediting anything that people don't want to include in their framework or that doesn't fit this medical industrial food complex. Yes. What you just brought up is a perfect example of how we are so blinded to the influence of some of these industry forces on something as foundational as our research and the hierarchy of evidence. At the top of that pyramid is double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized studies. And baked into that, the fact that you'd have a placebo and an intervention is that it must be a pharmaceutical. Because obviously, if you're doing exercise or a dietary intervention, you can't have a placebo.

You know what you're doing. So baked in to our hierarchy of evidence is a bent towards medication interventions. A hundred percent. And this is where, of course, N of 1 studies, where you're just looking at your interventions, your complex, interdependent suite of choices that you're making and how they're affecting your core biology. And we can look at that with these incredible tools and technology that we have today, coupled with slowing down and making the time in our lives to hear the signals from the body

in the form of symptoms, intuition, and body awareness. So those two- Essentially, that's what your book is about. It's empowering people with the knowledge, the data, the information to actually do this for themselves. You know, and I think you and I both believe in democratizing healthcare,

democratizing what we do, getting out of the kind of guild of medicine where everything is protected by healthcare systems and doctors, I think you and I both believe in democratizing healthcare, democratizing what we do, getting out of the guild of medicine where everything is protected by healthcare systems and doctors, and you can only get your health data from them and you have to ask for it and you have to beg for it. And maybe they won't do it or maybe they will do it or maybe they'll do a little bit, but not all of what you want or not even what actually should be done because they might not know about it.

You know, I asked the head of Quest Labs, how many of your lab tests include insulin? There's less than 1%. How many include lipoprotein fractionation? Less than 1%. But these are things that are the most essential things you need to know, and we're completely blind to it. So your book is just so good in that way that helps us think about this and empower people. So what are the principles for good energy and for how we eat? And what do we do with the information that you've learned in researching all this data? I mean, you're like Stanford trained doctor, super smart. You've dug into this. You've kind of tried to sort through what's true, what's not true. What did you come up with as the principles

of good energy and how do we do that for ourselves? Well, I think one thing that every single person can do literally today as they're listening to this podcast is they can go back to their health record from their last annual physical and find out if they are making good energy or bad energy. And it's very simple. There are five key biomarkers that can give us a sense of where we are on that spectrum. And so those five biomarkers to understand if you have good energy or bad energy are fasting, glucose.

Biomarkers like a blood test or any kind of thing that tells you anything about your body, right? It could be you're wearable, it could be blood tests, it could be urine. So these are things we have to know. So what are the biomarkers? Yeah, and you can go down the rabbit hole

of getting very complex about these things. But again, I really want to bring forward this idea that it can actually be quite simple and quite inexpensive. And so five of the signals from your body that there may be bad energy brewing are your levels of fasting glucose, triglycerides, HDL, cholesterol, blood pressure, and waist circumference. So if you look-

And you mentioned insulin. These are the five biomarkers of simple biomarkers of metabolic syndrome. Absolutely, we can go so many layers deeper with insulin. And we talk about that in the book. But just foundational, like cheap, pretty much free, and probably on your last physical would be those biomarkers, fasting glucose, triglycerides, HDL, blood pressure, and waist circumference. And triglycerides, you said, yeah. Triglycerides, yeah. Fasting glucose, HDL, triglycerides, waist circumference, and blood

pressure. And so if you look at those, which are probably on your panel from last year, and if your fasting glucose is under 100, triglycerides under 150, HDL above 40 for men, above 50 for women, waist circumference less than 35 inches for women, less than 40 inches for men, and blood pressure less than 130 over 85, if all of those are true and you are not on medication for any of those, then you are part of that 6.8% of American adults who are categorized as, quote unquote, metabolically healthy, aka making good energy. So that's just the first place to start is look at those five pretty much free biomarkers

and see where you are. So if triglycerides are above 150, if fasting glucose is above 100, if blood pressure is above 130 over 85, if you're a woman and your waist circumference is above 100, if blood pressure is above 130 over 85, if your woman and your waist circumference is above 35 inches or HDL is lower than 50, you need to start looking at what's going on in your cells. Because even though they're pretty simple biomarkers, what they're each saying is something about what's happening on the inside of the cell. But as doctors, we're not actually even trained to think about how these biomarkers relate to internal cellular physiology.

We just look at them in an algorithmic way. Does a drug treat this one or that one? Fasting glucose up, give metformin or insulin. If the triglycerides are high, we don't even know what to do with that because there's not a drug. If the waist circumference is high, we need to give Ozempic. But if you think deeper

to really the core of this mitochondrial paradigm, you can actually know more than probably your doctor knows. Let's think about it for a second. If your mitochondria, this powerhouse that converts energy, food energy, literally the 70 metric tons of food we take in our body in our lifetime to convert to cellular energy. If that mitochondria is broken because of all the things we talked about, the food, the exercise, the sleep, the stress, the toxins, the artificial light, the lack of temperature swings, these vectors that we can talk to our mitochondria with, if they're broken because of all these issues, sleep deprivation, sedentary behavior, overabundance of toxins, if the mitochondria is broken, it's not going to be able to convert that food energy to cellular energy.

And so the cell is going to say, we can't do it. We don't have the capacity because I'm broken from this modern world that we're living in. And it's going to protect itself by blocking the cell from taking in more food energy, i.e. glucose into the cell to convert to energy because it can't process it. So now the body creates insulin resistance. And of course, insulin resistance is the body essentially making the cell impenetrable to glucose by blocking the insulin receptor from working. Insulin is, of course, the hormone that binds the cell and lets glucose in.

So now you have insulin resistance essentially as a protective mechanism. And so what will happen is the body, the glucose will rise in the bloodstream because it's not able to come into the cell because the mitochondria is fundamentally broken. So how does this show up on these basic biomarkers? Well, our fasting glucose goes up up and then also our triglycerides go up because the body doesn't know what to do with all that extra glucose floating around in the bloodstream. So one of the things that does... We're not extra fats, right, from the triglycerides.

Yeah, exactly. And it'll convert a lot of that glucose to triglycerides. So through this framework of mitochondrial function and the overburdening of the mitochondria, we start to see these basic clinical biomarkers of metabolic syndrome and really understand what they're actually saying about the inside of the cell. And what they're saying is that the mitochondria is suffering. So that's just five basic biomarkers that you can look at. And then the next level is to go deeper into other biomarkers that can give you even more nuance. So this is things like the fasting insulin and the high sensitivity CRP and the liver function. Yes, liver function tests, and essentially these other lab tests that tell us what arises in the body

when that mitochondria is dysfunctional. And so uric acid. And so in the book, we talk about this higher level of tests. And of course, those are the tests that your doctor probably isn't going to order for you. Those are all included in the Function Health basic panel for $4.99. Then you go to functionhealth.com forward slash mark, you jump right in past the wait list and you can get all this data. And what's really important, and I just want to emphasize something, the numbers you quoted for those five biomarkers are numbers that are accepted by traditional medicine as the threshold for when you kind of cross over into pre-diabetes. But the truth is that those numbers are not optimal in any way. Like your blood, your triglyceride should not be 150.

It should be in the 70s. Your blood sugar shouldn't be 100. It should be in the 80s, right? Your blood pressure shouldn't be 130 over 80. It should be like 110 over 70, right? Your waist circumference shouldn't be 35. It should be like 32 or 33 or 34, depending on how big you are.

And so all these numbers that we think of as sort of the threshold are really, you're already way down the road. Oh, yeah. And so I think by the time your blood sugar starts going up, this can be going on for decades, right? Yeah, absolutely. The insulin resistance and the insulin that you mentioned is a better way to test for it.

So you really need to do the right tests. And that's really why we've created Function Health. That's why you create levels to help people actually see what's going on inside their bodies. Yeah. And I actually believe that every single person listening to this absolutely has the capability to understand their key metabolic biomarkers and interpret them and understand what the tea leaves are saying. And I not only think that they are able to, I think it's that it's imperative that they do because medical school is not changing in the next 5, 10, 15 years, unfortunately. I would hope so. Doctors are not learning how to read the tea leaves, so you have to. And I absolutely believe that everyone can.

You make it simple. I make it simple in this book. Sit down with a printout of your lab tests with the book, with your articles and books and figure it out. And I think there's such a infantilizing perspective within the healthcare system of patients not able to understand this, or even to go as far to say it is dangerous for patients to have this information because what are they going to do with it? And I think that that is something I really want to debunk. Yeah, we were trained to never give people their lab results.

Never. Just tell them, everything's fine. Your panel is fine. Your cholesterol is fine. Your blood chemistry is fine. They might freak out. They might freak out. And it's like when you actually wake up

from the matrix and realize, oh my God, that perspective was put into me of not trusting patients, thinking patients are non-compliant and can't handle their data. They're not educated enough to understand their data. That's part of the system to drive, essentially to drive not only the industry, but to truly get us to be divorced from our common sense so that we put our trust outside of us and feed into this huge industry. And a big call to action and good energy is to actually reclaim our internal power and our internal knowing of what's right for us in our body. Couple that with tools and technology and use your, you know, find good

doctors and use your doctors as a counselor and a coach. And of course use the healthcare system for acute issues. But for the chronic issues, we really do need to be the CEO of our own health, as so many people have said. And that's a key message of actually realizing that the infantilization of patients is part of the whole game. Yeah, it's true. I think that's really why you created Levels, why we created Function Health was to empower people with their own health data and to make them the center of their health and the sea of their health and not the healthcare system and take back your health from the healthcare

system. I mean, I created a bill in Congress with Mike Roizen a few other years ago called the Take Back Your Health Act of 2009 during Obamacare. Never made it into the law, but it was basically about empowering people to actually change their lifestyle, change their behavior and take back their health. So going back to the six principles, let's go kind of through them a little bit because I think they're quite good. The first one you sort of talked about was how food determines the structure of our cells and our microbiome.

Right. So just give us a, give us a little unpacking of that. Yeah. So in my chapters in the book about how to eat, it's really saying like the, we need to stop with the dietary dogma. We need to stop with the food wars and we need to focus on principles of

eating. And the first principle so i wrote the pegan diet exactly making a joke between paleo and vegan and i'm like yeah yeah and actually just think first principles like food you this is a quote from mark hyman but food is molecular information and when we see food as molecular information it becomes so much simpler to say okay there's lots of different ways I can get the proper molecular information for my body. My job is to get that information to the body, but there's a lot of different ways that you can do it. All of them are thoughtful and all of them

need to be based in real whole foods, but there's many different ways to do it. So the first principle I talk about in the book is that, you know, food determines really the structure and function of our bodies. And so from a structural perspective, you know, just think about like the cell membrane. The cell membrane is made of fatty acids that come from our diet. And we want there to be a healthy ratio of omega-3 fats to omega-6 fats. And that is totally determined by what we put in our mouth. In just a few days, we can change the composition of our cell membranes by what we're actually putting in our mouth. And then that has a huge trickle-down effect for how our cells

fundamentally function and how our immune system functions. Because a lot of the inflammatory mediators our immune system makes are actually done by snipping fatty acids off our cell membranes and turning them into inflammatory chemicals. And so based on what that ratio is that you're eating, you'll change the structure of the cells, which then changes the function of the cells. Similarly, if you think about nutrigenomics, which I think is probably like one of the coolest things in all of healthcare, you realize that this gene, we have this idea that genes are our destiny. But then when you learn about nutrigenomics,

you realize every single bite of food you take into your mouth are actually these little pieces of information that change our gene expression. Not only our gene folding, but which genes are actually expressed and how much and when. It's absolutely incredible.

So I talk about things like curcumin and things like isothiocyanates and these chemicals in foods. Those are from broccoli, in other words. Yeah. So cruciferous vegetables. Where am I going to find that in the grocery store? Broccoli, cauliflower, bok choy, arugula. You know, just literally Google cruciferous vegetables and eat them,

and it's going to change your gene expression of your antioxidant genes. Eat the curcumin from the turmeric in the curry, and that's going to change your expression of inflammatory genes. And so food is the structural and functional information that we put into the body. And if you really just know some basic concepts about what the information your cells need, you can choose to eat properly. And that feeds into the five elements of good energy eating that I tell people to just learn these and learn what the sources of these are and put them on your plate. And I talk about how

the information for structure and function that your body needs comes from fiber, antioxidants, healthy protein, omega-3 fats, and probiotic sources. And if you can learn basically your favorite foods in each of those categories and just craft your meals based on those principles, which can come from any dietary pattern, you are going to give yourselves the building blocks and the information to have good structure and function. It's not that hard to learn. You just have to do a little homework, read the book, look at what Casey's simple because he's done and and when you go to the grocery store think of it as your pharmacy so when i go to the grocery store i'm like

looking i'm hunting like hunting and gathering i'm hunting for the medicine when i think of it as my pharmacy yes like p with an f but still even not even with an F. It could be pH. And I think those drugs in the good drugs, good modulators of our biology that are in the grocery store, we need to understand what they are and where to go for them. So I'm always going for the cruciferous. I'm going for the shiitake mushrooms. I'm going for the phytochemical-rich berries. I'm going for the omega-3-rich sardines.

I'm going for the olive oil with the alluropene I'm going for the aloe vera with the allerpine. This is an antioxidant. I know what to choose because I, and the rest of the stuff just kind of fades into the background, you know? And I think if you just learn a little bit about these things, you can really be your own advocate and navigate how to do the right thing

because we just don't learn that. We don't know. And I think, you know, what Casey's talking about is not just abstract. Oh, your cells, you know, aren't great and you make yourselves better but you know we both had surgery training i mean you're an actual surgeon i was just you know i was a family doctor who did some surgery on the side but i didn't know assist in a lot of surgeries and i remember these patients would come in who were super unhealthy overweight really metabolically unhealthy and we would try to

operate them on them and their their tissues would like fall apart in your hand. And you try to sew them together and the tissues wouldn't stick. It's literally their cells were not functioning and the inside. And when you saw that, it was like really shocking. You know, we even had a terrible name for it, PPP. But remember what that is?

Oh no. Piss poor protoplasm. You ever heard that? Dark, yeah. And it was like, protoplasm is like what you're made of, right? So it's like, it's just really tissues oh yeah and it was a thing in medicine that we never talked about we didn't really understood we never thought about it's like oh this person has that but it's

it really affected ability to surgically repair something yes oh i saw that i i remember saying to my family once after a day of surgery i said the number one motivator at this moment in my life for me to be healthy is that if I ever have to have an emergency surgery, I don't want to be a body that is, you know, so like, yeah, like malfunctional that when the person has to operate on me, I'm making it more difficult for them. Because you go in and you, we were working in the neck and, you know, people who had weight, you know, so much extra fat, it's like you're digging through the fat for the nerves. And these are nerves that control every aspect of your facial motion and your voice. And it makes it so much harder to even see the nerves if it's surrounded by inches

and inches of fat. Similarly, if the patient is really unhealthy, the tissues almost fall apart under your forceps. And so it's much difficult to stitch things. So I'm with you. It's like, if you really see the tissues up close and personal, but, but of course, this is happening on the surface of our bodies, you need to have surgery to know this, you can look at someone and look at their skin and how healthy it is. And that can be such a signal of what's happening. Yeah, under the surface of this is a reason why I talk in the book about how so much of this actually also comes down to the food quality that you buy. Because if you really, really internalize that food is the building block and the molecular information

of how your body will function, of course, you are going to invest in higher quality food, but you have to believe it, you know, and you really need to internalize it. So I think one of the quickest ways that people can move towards health is to just buy more of their food from the farmer's market, because we take in 70 metric tons of food matter into our bodies in our lifetime,

and that's constantly turning into and 3D printing the next version of our body, literally 3D printing. And because our soil is so depleted, coupled with the fact that we are processing all our food, we are literally just the micronutrients and the antioxidants and this information is literally falling out of the food because the soil's poor and we're processing it. So the closer you can get to food that is from good soil, so it's enriched with more nutrients and unprocessed, more of that 70 metric tons of information that you're both building yourself from and that is dictating the function of your body will be helpful material. Right now, it's not only empty, it's harmful. Well, I think the Michael Pollan said eat food, right?

What does that mean? Well, what is food? And I talked about this in another podcast, but the definition of food, if you literally go to the dictionary and look it up, it's something that maintains life or growth. So if it's not doing that, it's not food, right? So if it's some processed junk,

if it's Cheetos, Doritos, or things that even resemble real food that aren't real food, even like the Impossible Burger, which is a science project that's made from weird GMO soy stuff that I wouldn't touch, that's not food. It doesn't maintain life or growth. And I think we have to be really straight with ourselves. Like, what am I doing?

Would I put water in my gas tank what i put dirty gasoline in what i i mean it's not your your car's not gonna run yeah i had someone do that i lent my car in residency to a friend of mine it was a diesel car and he put gasoline in it and the thing wouldn't go and it ruined the car and so like that's what we're doing we're putting the wrong fuel in and what you're talking about with good energy is how do we fuel ourselves? How do we feel ourselves as the, as the answer to not only our own wellbeing, but to our collective social and economic wellbeing as a society. Another sort of piece about the body, like a framework that I really think about all the time is like, our cells are blind. They don't have eyes and they don't have arms, right?

They just are cells with little receptors. And so they're in the dark and all this stuff is just floating around. And what's floating around is determined by what we're eating. And so let's say a cell wants to make a selenoprotein like glutathione, an antioxidant, or a protein that's going to be a critical factor of our immune response, and it requires zinc or selenium to actually build that protein. Well, you get to determine whether that cell is going to be able to reach out and grab that micronutrient to build that protein or that amino acid based on what you're putting in your mouth.

So you need to load the body with the highest quality food possible, unprocessed from good soil, because you are gonna increase the probability that those little cells are gonna have the right thing floating around them to do what you wanna do, which is be healthy and not be sick. And to have the support to free up the mitochondrial function so it can process that energy and power your life. Because fundamentally, our life and everything we're experiencing is just the bubbling up of the trillions of chemical

reactions that are happening every second and and what we when how we view food um is is such a big piece of that and it's it's another piece of the connection conversation because i think you know a second kind of going back to the beginning it's like a second piece of connection that we've so lost is, is this idea that we're connected to everything else in the environment, we are connected this body to the soil, to the air, to the food, to the water, to the sunlight, all of these material and energetic forces are in constant conversation with our bodies. And there's this fascinating statement that I love from the Taoist philosophy. That's this idea that we need to look at the human body for what it is, which is a process, not an entity. And we have been entrenched in this system of thinking of the body as a thing that is separate from everything else. We are a body that lives and dies. I'm a body, you're a body, this is a table. That's sort of what America was founded on,

it was individualism. Individualism. And because of that- Not mutualism. Not mutualism. And because of that, it has entrenched a view that that sunlight and that artificial light from the computer and the food and the water

and the air and the soil are all separate from us rather than the true reality, which is that we are this swarm, this buzzing hive of material, of atoms that's constantly exchanging matter and energy with everything around us. It is all us. And because of that individualistic sort of very Western mindset, we actually, it allows us to trash the environment and not really understand how that's, what that's going to do to us. It allows us to totally kill the soil with industrial agriculture and pesticides and not realize that we're just poisoning ourselves because it's all the same thing. So there's an element of the book where I really ask people to

internalize and meditate on our true nature, which if we had a microscope that could actually see what our bodies really are and see how we are just these swarms of material, we would get that. But because of the limitation of our visual system, we think of ourselves as these separate things. And I'll never forget in medical school, in histology class, it was really one of the most impactful classes for me because you take these slides- Histology is basically the study of the cells. You learn all about the different kinds of cells in the body, yeah. Well, you cut the body up and you look at the tissue under the microscope. Mind-blowing. Mind-blowing. Yeah. And so you're

like, okay, here's skin, but really what is skin? Skin is these, your little teeny thin piece of tissue is tens of thousands of individual cells that are actually in all stages of life. Some are being born, some are dying, some are replicating. So this idea that we're a thing and we're alive and we're separate, it's all false. And until we get back to that true understanding of our true nature and of that interconnection, we will continue to build the healthcare system on a false premise, on a false god of individualism and separation that dictates every aspect of what we do and points us in the wrong direction. So you're talking about in your book a lot of things. I mean, you cover so, so many things that have to do with not just food, but exercise and dealing with your environment,

circadian rhythms. You have a four-week plan. It's really very robust. And I think it's almost like a Bible, I would say, for health. And it takes you from A to Z. So we couldn't cover all of it during this podcast, but I encourage you to really get this book. It's Good Energy, The Surprising Connection Between Metabolism and Limitless Health. It's by Casey and her brother, Cal, who's also been on the Doctors Pharmacy podcast. And I think it's going to make a big, big, big impact. I want to just close by zooming out because a lot of things we talked about were the forces that are driving us to have bad energy and that are preventing us from having good energy. In other words, from being healthy and vibrant

and having our metabolic health great and our mitochondria great. And there's things we can do about it. And a lot of these things have to do with more social, political issues that are kind of a little out of people's reach. But I think it's important to touch on them.

And I wrote a book called A Food Fix, and we talked about some of the policy issues that some of these can be done with executive orders that can fix things tomorrow. Sort of kind of run through a few of the ideas that you think are going to be the most impactful, because I think people need to understand that they need to be advocates when they're at the voting booth, when they're voting for their congressman or senator or president. They need to think about what do they stand for on these issues? What are they doing about this? Yeah. I mean, first of all, no one in, I think, the world has brought this more to the forefront than you. And Callie and I are truly just like

foot soldiers in this mission. But I think when we really step back and think like, what would make a big difference tomorrow if this changed in our culture? One is we need to not have the pharmaceutical industry controlling our media. And the way that happens is by the pharmaceutical industry essentially paying for 60% of all advertising on mainstream media. So I think what people-

Who spends the other 40%? Right, I mean, just- Mostly big food. Processed food. Yeah, exactly. Watch the Super Bowl. There were 11 commercials for junk food in the first half. I didn't watch the second half.

I just got so disgusted. Yeah, it's hard to watch and watch that revolving door. And I think something that people need to internalize is that you are not the customer of the news network. The pharmaceutical industry is the customer of the food network because who's paying the bills? It's not you who's watching it for free. The ads, right? It's the ads.

And so what does that do? It changes the core information that we're getting that we think of as journalism and truth. Yeah, it's not. Yeah. You've got your hand in your head. No, because I've been involved and been on television so many times, and I just know how it works on the back end and how you can't say certain things, you can't talk about certain things, you can't discuss.

I mean, my stark example is I was on the, on the, uh, I think it was a today's show and I did a great segment with Al Roker and it was like a great thing. And I met the producer and then I said, Hey, I got a great idea for another segment. She's like, what? And I'm like, well, how about we do this a hundred calorie comparison of a hundred calories of the snack packs of Oreos or whatever, whatever it is. And compare that to a hundred calories of like blueberries or almonds. And let's talk about this sort of difference that these have on your body.

What are the impact of these different foods as food as medicine? She's like, great idea. So we did this thing. We got it all set up. I think she kind of didn't ask for higher ups, and the talent came on and literally wanted to sidetrack the entire conversation because it was basically showing that all this processed food wasn't good. And I was talking about the deep science of how the molecules in the real food

were working on the body and how the molecules and things that weren't really food were affecting the body. And it was a little bit challenging. And I never got asked back on the Today Show. Wow, Mark. I mean, that's so telling. That's a perfect example, I think, of what we're talking about. And so the basic place that we're getting our information is deeply influenced by a force that wants us to be chronically ill so that we can be customers of the pharmaceutical industry. So that's number one. I think number two is so basic, which is we've got to change the farm bills to incentivize the production of non-toxic, real, nutrient-dense food rather than toxin-covered commodity crops that get turned into processed food. So we are literally- Yeah, we're working on that, how to incentivize regenerative agriculture. Yeah. And I mean, I will, if it's okay, I will literally quote you on your own podcast,

because I think it's one of the most important points that I think we just have to realize because so much of the conversation about healthy food comes back to like, that's elitist and it's only for wealthy people. But every person paying a taxpayer dollar in America, this matters for. If you are buying processed food in the United States,

you are paying for that food at least four times over. You are paying for the food in the store., you are paying for that food at least four times over. You are paying for the food in the store. You are paying for the farm bill subsidies that made that food cheaper, that unhealthy food cheaper. You are paying for the environmental damage of what that, the way that food was grown is doing to our water, air, and soil. And you are paying the healthcare dollars, taxpayer money for the health ramifications and the chronic disease of that food. So that burger is $100, whether you like it or not. And we are the voters.

We are the consumers. It's no one's responsibility but ours. And the first way that you can do that is invest your money in buying real food from sustainably growing farmers, farmers markets, and making sure that you understand who your representatives are and getting in their face through letters, emails, going to their office and telling them what you care about. Because, you know, Callie and you have been in front of Congress, have talked to these people, and they've got a million issues on their plate. They're not bad people, just like the doctors. But the person who's in their office every single day lobbying is the person that they're going to get the most

information from. And right now, that is the food industry who spends more on lobbying than any other industry, healthcare and food, than oil. So the farm bills, we need to understand how much of a root cause of our sickness right now is the fact that we are making the unhealthy food cheaper through taxpayer dollars and refuse to allow that to happen because we are literally the citizens who can do that. So that's the second one. I think a third one is get the added sugar out of the national school lunch program. It's ridiculous that we're serving children added sugar in schools. This is criminal, literally criminal. No bylaw requirement. And it's, yeah, it's crazy.

We need to get the money out of the FDA, the USDA, and the NIH. These federally funded organizations, a huge part of their budget is coming from the pharmaceutical industry. And food industry. That's crazy. You know, these institutions should be representing the individuals, not the interests of the corporations.

So if you're an academic institution, if you're accepting federal dollars, which would be, of course, academic institutions, NIH, FDA, USDA, no conflicts of interest with food industry on the advisory boards and no money from these industries. Because of course, when 95% of the people who made the USDA Food Guidelines for America have a conflict of interest with the processed food industry, which is what it was, of course, there's going to be more leniency towards those foods. And the most egregious thing happened in the last Food Guidelines determination for the 2020 to 2025 period, Dietary Guidelines for America, the Scientific Advisory Board for the guidelines recommended that we decrease the percent of added sugar as total calories in the American diet from 10% to 6%. And the guidelines, the people who finalized the guidelines rejected the scientific advisory board's recommendation.

And so we got to get the money out. It used to be the scientists that actually made the final determination. But under President George W. Bush, that was changed. And it became a political decision. And now it's politicians who make the decision. It's very bad. It's very bad. The one thing that occurred to me, though, and this could be a really interesting framework

for thinking about this. If we actually did the right research, and it's a little bit of a chicken and egg thing. If we did the right research on nutrition and lifestyle and all these things we know work, and we actually funded that properly from the government, it would save us trillions of dollars in healthcare costs because the government pays in some way or another

for about half of all healthcare costs in America. And so you're talking a couple of trillion dollars. What if we took some of that savings, we pocketed and paid down the debt, and what if we took some of that savings and we invested it in research where the government's funding large trials and basic science and other studies looking at this from a really dispassionate view and trying to get to the answers. Because I think if we were able to do that and we got pharma out and we got the food industry out

and we stopped funding all of our research infrastructure through industry, we maybe, maybe get to some of the answers. Absolutely. And I mean, I think that is very important, but just as important is to, I think also to realize that I don't think we're going to research our way to the answer. Again, it's like no other animal in the entire world has a chronic disease epidemic. I think a lot of it's actually like kind of getting away from the cult of we need evidence. And I mean, I'm sure people will balk and say like oh my gosh this is you know not evidence-based

medicine but evidence evidence-based medicine is broken it's corrupted and so I'm not actually saying that because I'm saying you should absolutely verify what's going on in your own body with data for sure yeah and a lot of good energy is all backed up by scientific evidence and research and a lot of molecular biology research and it's when we start to get into the like the nutrition interventional research that things get really hairy. And I think that we know enough right now in the science to know that nutrient-dense, non-toxic, non-pesticide-covered, whole food, unprocessed diets are better for health. So I think about what if we could take $2 trillion of those dollars and literally just give people healthier food, which has been done, you know, or like, or promote, put it towards the school lunch program, real food. And, and so it's, I think it's going to be,

but, but, but bottom line is we have to be eyes open in this. And I think right now, a lot of people aren't even aware of the issues. So that's why, of course, we have these conversations. Yeah. So Casey, you are just an incredible spokesperson for the future where we all need to be going for how we need to rethink healthcare, rethink our own health, and rethink all our food policies. So you just are a tour de force, and the book is a tour de force. Everybody needs to get a copy, Good Energy. It's out now. You can go find it anywhere you get your books. It's called The Surprising Connection Between Metabolism and Limitless Health. And they can find you where?

I'm at caseymeans.com. The book is everywhere books are sold. I'm on Instagram at Dr. Hasey's Kitchen. And everywhere else, all the other social media channels, I'm caseymeansmd. And then Levels Health is levelshealth.com. And that's, of course, how you can get continuous glucose monitors to really understand your own metabolic health, and be empowered to know how your diet and lifestyle is affecting you. Amazing. And we'll put all those links in the show notes, get the book, you won't be sorry, Casey, thank you so much for writing it

for all of us. Thank you, the world. It's a gift. Thank you, Mark. You know you are my hero and my inspiration. Thanks for listening today. If you love this podcast, please share it with your friends and family. Leave a comment on your own best practices on how you upgrade your health and subscribe wherever you get your podcasts. And follow me on all social media channels at Dr. Mark Hyman. And we'll see you next time on The Doctor's Pharmacy. I'm always getting questions about my favorite books, podcasts, gadgets, supplements, recipes, and lots more. And now you can have access to all of this information by signing up for my free Mark's Picks newsletter at drhyman.com forward slash Mark's Picks. I promise I'll only email you once a week on Fridays and I'll never share your email address or send you anything else besides my recommendations. These are the things that have helped me on my health journey and I

hope they'll help you too. Again, that's drhyman.com forward slash Mark's Picks. Thank you again and we'll see you next time on The Doctor's Pharmacy. This podcast is separate from my clinical practice at the Ultra Wellness Center and my work at Cleveland Clinic and Function Health where I'm the Chief Medical Officer. This podcast represents my opinions and my guests' opinions, and neither myself nor the podcast endorses the views or statements of my guests. This podcast is for educational purposes only. This podcast is not a substitute for professional care by a doctor or other qualified medical professional.

This podcast is provided on the understanding that it does not constitute medical or other professional advice or services. Now, if you're looking for your help in your journey, seek out a qualified medical practitioner. You can come see us at the Ultra Wellness Center in Lenox, Massachusetts. Just go to ultrawellnesscenter.com. If you're looking for a functional medicine practitioner near you, you can visit ifm.org and search find a practitioner database. It's important that you have someone in your corner who is trained, who's a licensed healthcare

practitioner and can help you make changes, especially when it comes to your health. Keeping this podcast free is part of my mission to bring practical ways of improving health to the general public. In keeping with that theme, I'd like to express gratitude to the sponsors that made today's podcast possible.