The Dr. Hyman Show - Regeneration: The Key To Healing Humans And The Planet with Paul Hawken

Episode Date: September 22, 2021

Regeneration: The Key To Healing Humans And The Planet | This episode is brought to you by ButcherBox, BiOptimizers, and Paleovalley Most people are overwhelmed when it comes to the thought of climate change, which is preventing us from taking action. An estimated 92% of people are disengaged from the topic and feel they don’t know what to do. But today, I want to share some good news with you that will leave you feeling hopeful instead of hopeless in terms of saving our planet. Just like we use Functional Medicine to get to the root cause of disease in our bodies, we can come up with an actionable, results-oriented plan when we look at the root cause of our climate crisis. On this episode of The Doctor’s Farmacy, I was thrilled to sit down with Paul Hawken to talk about his framework for healing the planet in a way that dramatically changes the outlook of our world for future generations.  Paul Hawken starts ecological businesses, writes about nature and commerce, and consults with heads of state and CEOs on climatic, economic, and ecological regeneration. He has appeared on numerous media including the Today Show, Talk of the Nation, Bill Maher, CBS This Morning, Charlie Rose, and others, and his work has been profiled or featured in hundreds of articles including the Wall Street Journal, New York Times, Newsweek, Washington Post, Forbes, and Business Week. He has written eight books, including five national and New York Times bestsellers: Growing a Business, The Next Economy, The Ecology of Commerce, Blessed Unrest, and Drawdown, The Most Comprehensive Plan Ever Proposed to Reverse Global Warming.  He is the founder of Project Drawdown, which worked with over two hundred scholars, students, scientists, researchers, and activists to map, measure, and model the one hundred most substantive solutions that can cumulatively reverse global warming. He is the founder of Regeneration.org, and his latest work, Regeneration, Ending the Climate Crisis in One Generation, was just released.   This episode is brought to you by ButcherBox, BiOptimizers, and Paleovalley. For a limited time, new subscribers to ButcherBox will receive ground beef for life. Sign up today and ButcherBox will send you 2 lbs of 100% grass-fed, grass finished beef free in every box for the life of your subscription. Just go to ButcherBox.com/farmacy. You can try BiOptimizers Magnesium Breakthrough for 10% off by going to magbreakthrough.com/hyman and using the code HYMAN10. For a limited time, BiOptimizers is also giving away free bottles of their bestselling products P3OM and Masszymes with select purchases.  Paleovalley is offering 15% off your entire first order. Just go to paleovalley.com/hyman to check out all their clean Paleo products and take advantage of this deal. Here are more of the details from our interview:  Reframing the climate crisis from a focus on the problem to a focus on solutions and regeneration (8:00) The current reality, speed, and impact of the climate crisis (14:29) Solutions to cut energy emissions by 50% by 2028 (22:23) What you can do in your own life to support the regeneration of our climate (31:30) The role that governments and corporations are playing to promote solutions to the climate crisis at scale across the world (40:07) Transforming our food and agricultural systems for regeneration of the climate (50:00) Regeneration of human society and natural environments (1:00:32) The economics of regeneration and regenerative practices (1:03:57) Why the climate problem is not a science problem but a human problem (1:19:09) Ending the climate crisis in one generation (1:27:17) Learn more about Paul Hawken at https://paulhawken.com/ and follow him on Facebook @PaulHawkenAuthor, on Instagram @paulhawken, and on LinkedIn @paulhawken. Get a copy of Regeneration: Ending the Climate Crisis in One Generation at https://www.amazon.com/Regeneration-Ending-Climate-Crisis-Generation/dp/0143136976/ Learn more about Regeneration at https://regeneration.org/ and on Facebook @Regenerationorg, on Instagram @Regenerationorg, and on LinkedIn @Regenerationorg. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Coming up on this episode of The Doctor's Pharmacy. The body's always giving us feedback. And so, but the feedback goes right back to the food system, right back to agriculture, right back to soil, right back to this profound misunderstanding of our relationship as a species to the living world. Hey everyone, with all the factory farm animal products at the supermarket it's hard to find meat that actually supports your health goals instead of hurting them feedlot cows are pumped

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That's M-A-G-B-R-E-A-K-T-H-R-O-U-G-H.com slash Hyman and use the code Hyman10 and you'll get 10% off this really great formula. I think you're going to love it as much as I do. And now let's get back to this week's episode of The Doctor's Pharmacy. Welcome to The Doctor's Pharmacy. I'm Dr. Mark Hyman and that's pharmacy with an F, a place for conversations that matter. And if you're worried about the state of the world, about the state of our health, about climate, about inequity, well, this podcast is probably going to be one of the most important ones you're going to listen to in The Doctor's Pharmacy because it's going to address all of these with a concept that I think is hopeful in a world that feels hopeless, and that is regeneration. And our guest today is my friend

and an icon in the world of activism, climate change movement, and just thinking differently about how to solve our problems, Paul Hawken. He's an environmentalist, an entrepreneur, an author. He's dedicated his life to environmental sustainability and changing the relationship between business and the environment. He's one of the environmental movement's leading voices and a pioneering architect of corporate reform with respect to ecological practices. He focused on so many things throughout his career. He's written about all of these issues. He's consulted with heads of state and CEOs in economic development, industrial ecology, environmental policy.

And one of the most important things I think he's done is create something called Project Drawdown. He's the founder of Project Drawdown. It's a nonprofit dedicated to researching when and how global warming can be reversed. And this organization maps and models the scaling of 100 real technical, social, and ecological solutions to global warming. He's just an extraordinary guy. And the book you should definitely get is Draw Down the Most Comprehensive Plan Ever

Proposed to Reverse Global Warming, because no one else had ever proposed a plan. And today we're going to talk about his new book, Regeneration, Ending the Climate Crisis in One Generation. And it'll be released September 21. And I think this is going to be one of the most pivotal books of our time because it looks at the global problems we have from healthcare to climate, to the environment, the economy, to social inequities. And it links them all together with a continuous narrative that talks about how do we regenerate? How do we heal? How do we bring life back? And that is why

I'm so excited to welcome Paul on The Doctor's Pharmacy. Hi, Paul. Hey, Mark. Thanks so much. I mean, I listened to a lot of your podcasts and I think, man, he does the best bios of anyone. It was like, if my mother was alive, I'd say, listen to this, mom. Listen to that, right. Well, you know, Paul, I took a look at Regeneration, and it's just a gorgeous book. It's so deep and easy to read, but practical and smart. And what really struck me about it was that, you know, I've read a lot of books on climate and, you know, an uninhabitable earth, you know, we are the weather and all these books. And there's a little

bit of depression I get after reading those books because they're naming the problem and they're outlining the crises we're facing that are a massive scale that we haven't really faced as a human species in our time and maybe ever. And your book is quite different. It's a hopeful book. It talks about solutions and yes, it names the problems, but it also talks about what we can do in real ways to actually transform our world from one that's pretty hopeless to one that's hopeful, from one that's destructive and extractive, the one that's regenerative. So I just really applaud this book, Paul, and I'm so grateful you wrote it. Tell us why you feel like this framework of regeneration is the right framework to think about solving our problems with.

Because a lot of people are talking about climate mitigation and combating climate change and fighting global warming. And it just seems like a negative framework. Yours is a very positive, hopeful framework. Yeah, you nailed it, actually. I mean, how many people wake up in the morning and say, I can't wait to go out and mitigate? Or I can't wait to have a net zero world, whatever that means. I know what it means, of course, but I mean, it's sort of, again, sort of a nothing burger, if there ever was one, in terms of language and combating and fighting and tackling all these verbs that we use, you know, basically disempower us. You know, they make us feel like, well, I hope they do it. Or, you know, the war metaphors or sports metaphors, and they are negative. And the problem, the way I look at it is that science is extraordinary, climate scientists extraordinary. Climate communication by scientists has been sort of inept in the sense that it has

emphasized the nature of the problem, the speed at which or the rate at which the problem is progressing and growing and enlarging. Predictions that are apocalyptic are nearly there. And all of that really numbs people out. And my way of thinking about it, Mark, is like, got the science, love it. Thank you. Great, great science. Now, what are we going to do? Because basically obsessing about it, first of all, does nothing, actually does something. It takes you out of the game and it ruins your life. And, or you then do what most people do, which is to block it out. You just block it out. And so there's an interesting number is that we're facing, as you said, the greatest crisis humanity has ever faced, civilization has ever faced, maybe ever

will face, I don't know, in the future. And 98% of the world is disengaged. More than 98% don't do anything at all. And even of the 40, 50% in developed countries or other countries, so-called developed countries that are aware of it and understand the anthropogenic influence on climate and the cause and feel empathy and sympathy, don't do anything. They think they're watching a documentary on Netflix about it is doing something. I mean, they don't think that. It's hard to know what to do. Well, they feel empathy. You think, oh yeah, this is terrible. But they don't actually do anything. And so the question is why? Really? And so that's the question I answered. And I realized that

the word, whether it's sustainability or whether it's frankly drawdown or whether it's net zero or whether these words are not motivating words. And regeneration is something that is innate to human beings. In other words, we already do it. We do it every day. And our 30 trillion cells are regenerating every nanosecond or we wouldn't be having this conversation. Yeah. And, you know, so whether it's our babies, our children,

our pets, our garden, our friendships, in so many ways, every day we embody and express regeneration, which is we nurture life. And the way I define regeneration is putting life at the center of every act and decision that's what regeneration is and what i want to do is to take away the maybe the this sort of polarizing way people see climate which is i hope you know governments get their act together the corporations do it and at the same time you're being told that you know what you can do you know and and eat less meat or you know use cold water in the washing machine or you know and all these things and unless you have an iq less than room temperature you know that this is insufficient to the task at hand. They're correct.

I mean, they're good things to do and you want to do them. But then what we've done is hyper- It's necessary, but not sufficient. Yeah. We've individuated the person and the person feels actually even more pessimistic in a way because they know it's not sufficient. And so regeneration is about, I mean, this sounds like a cliche, but bringing us together, reconnecting all the broken strands in the society. And we've broken our relationships between each other, our humans to humans, humans to nature.

And we've completely fragmented and broken the connections between nature itself. And so regeneration is a celebration of what we have as a innate impulse to be alive. So true. You know, we see with COVID what's happened is as humans have sequestered inside, the world came back to life. Nature reclaimed itself. Oceans cleaned themselves. Rivers cleaned themselves.

Wildlife populations returned in just such a short time. So, you know, maybe it's us. Maybe it's us. Maybe. Well, the one thing to look at is nature never makes a mistake. Yeah. Yeah, it's us. So it makes it very clear. So, okay, nature.

And, you know, even like extreme weather and the way, you know, things are getting more profound, that's not a mistake. Climate change is sort of a, you know, stopping climate change is kind of, again, a misnomer in the sense that climate change is every nanosecond. It's going to change all the time. It's part of our complex physical biochemistry, biochemical system, you know, that produces, you know, our life and food and water and all these wonderful things and so forth. So we don't want to stop climate change. What we want to do is address the cause of climate volatility and disruption and weirding, which is what's happening when you get warming and so forth. That's what we want to do.

Yeah, it's really striking. And I want to get into the solutions and the regeneration and the ideas, but I think it's important to paint a picture a little bit of where we are. And as we're recording this, we've just been hearing in the news about once in a thousand year floods in Europe and floods in China and temperatures of 114 degrees in Oregon, for God's sake, like Oregon's gold all the time. And this is just mind boggling. So can you just paint a little bit of a picture for everybody about the state of affairs? It seems to be getting worse at a rapid rate and faster than we all sort of imagined. How is this affecting us? And how fast is this really going? And what's happening?

Yeah, it's a very, very good question. I think it's important to state that climate scientists are agog as well. In other words, it's not like, oh, yeah. I mean, they're like, of course, this is what we told you. What climate science has done very well and goes back 30 years is predict the rate of temperature increase. That is the rate of warming, just spot on, really, given, you know, business as usual and increasing amounts of greenhouse gas emissions from combustion of fossil fuels and the way we use or abuse our land. That was pretty well known. I think what scientists are surprised about,

and I think most of the world is too, but at the impact of that warming, I think that's where there was a disconnect going back, you know, 5, 10, 15, 20 years. I don't think any climate scientists thought that we would be seeing the impacts we're seeing now or seeing them as soon as they are occurring. And this goes back to your expertise as a doctor. I mean, the climate, I mean, the atmosphere, the earth is a complex adaptive

system. I mean, and it's not linear and uh and therefore you know the when you get change it can be as if it's almost lamarckian it can be highly discontinuity discontinuous from from what it was a day a week a year before and so we don't know where we're going. I call it Terra Nova, which is we're going to the new Earth. And the interesting thing about, and I would say this, and that is that what we are seeing, however, if there's a plus to the extreme weather, the temperature, the flooding, the burning, it is that climate and global warming are changing from a concept to an

experience. Yes. And so I, I think, I believe that the climate movement, however you want to define that, I just mean that climate action really is going to become the biggest movement in human history because of the weather. And so the question is when and how and what are we going to do and what do we,

you know, how do we organize ourselves around that? There's no question to me that it will be. Now that also portends social breakdown. And my biggest concern really is people feeling, experiencing it in such a way that it just upends their lives. And we've seen that already with migration. So migration is going to increase. Nobody wants to leave their home. So a migrant isn't somebody who says, hey, I'm out of here. They leave their home because they can't get food, they can't get work, or their home is gone or whatever. And so.

I mean, the UN estimates that within a decade or two, we're going to see up to 200 million climate refugees because of weather, because of drought, because of lack of food, because of political instability as a result of climate change. That's staggering. I mean, you think of Syria, there was a million refugees because of drought and famine. That destabilized Europe in a profound way. Think about 200 million or maybe even a billion in the USS, which is staggering to think about. There's going to be internal migration in the United States. I mean, we might not call it migration. But the Southwest will be emptied.

I don't think there's any question about that. And they're going to want to move north. And where in the north? And if the West dries out the way it is right now, that's a fair question, you know, as to how far north and where is their jobs, land, water, food, all those kind of things. And so, yeah, the future we face is highly unusual and unpredictable. And all the more reason to basically act, do something, as opposed to sort of wallow in it. So there was projections, you know, by the end of the century it would be bad. But now it seems as though this is an accelerating process, that once these cycles of change happen, there's these feedforward cycles that accelerate,

such as the loss of peat or those forest fires, which you're releasing carbon from the forest fires, but you're also also losing the forest so you're having a double whammy and you get these feed forward cycles that accelerate the pace such that it seems like it's happening a lot faster than we thought is that true it is but there actually is a element of good news from climate scientists. Tell us, tell us. Well, I mean, the scientific consensus for decades, as far as I know, has been that even if our emissions stopped, that is to say, you stop emitting and the amount of carbon or carbon dioxide and greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, you know, leveled off, that warming would continue for decades, if not centuries.

In other words, the cat was out of the bag sort of way of looking at it. And in December 2020, Dr. Jory Ruggels, who is a lead author of the sixth assessment of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. He's from the Grantham Institute. He said, and I quote, it's our best understanding that if we bring carbon dioxide emissions down to net zero, the warming will level off and climate will stabilize within a decade or two. There'll be very little or no additional warming, and our best estimate is zero additional warming.

So how did that change? Because it seems like it contradicts a lot of our previous understanding. It does. Well, I don't know. I mean, I don't know the prior science and this science. I mean, what assumptions underlie the prior science, which is like the warming is going to keep going regardless of whether emissions stop and um that is the big that is the big change and it's been backed up by michael mann and some of the you know other scientists say yep this is what we know now so

that should give us an incentive you know and motivator to say or to act in in way that is rigorous and comprehensive uh now because we actually have a goal in the is achievable that is to say we can achieve net zero we can actually start draw down drawing down emissions emissions, drawing down carbon dioxide. And know that there will be, if you're young anyway, there will be within your lifetime a shift back to a more stable climate. Now, what happens in the interim? I don't know. That's a good question. But when you look at this, the UN report, they're really talking about this massive cascade of destruction that's going to happen if we increase the temperature instead of to one and a half, which is already terrible. It's only seems like it's a half a degree Celsius, but there are real clear actions we need to take to avoid that half a degree. And what regeneration

does is it really clearly maps out the research that can cut the energy emissions in half by 2028. And by using things like agriculture and the food system and forests, that actually we can make the earth a carbon sink instead of a source of emissions by 2027. That's only six years away. How do we get that? What are those actions that we need to really stop this forward trajectory? Well, one thing, I mean, the climate scientists started to turn to what they call nature-based solutions, which I kind of find a humorous phrase. The whole darn thing is nature. It's called planet Earth.

And I think the climate movement, you know, for years has been very technical, very much about renewable energy, which totally makes sense. Seventy four or five percent of our greenhouse gas emissions are for the combustion of coal, gas, and oil. So it made total sense. But at the same time, even when I created Drawdown four years ago, I mean, people talked about regenerative agriculture or the soil health and things like that. We're dismissed by many climate scientists as sort of a children's crusade. That has been sort of a radical shift in the last four or five years. And so now there is an acceptance that nature exists. I'm not trying to make fun of the past so much as i'm

just saying yeah and um and that it is our getting a line getting an alignment with biology with nature is what the earth is really teaching us i mean and and and and if we do that, so many good things happen and no bad things. It's like whether it's our oceans or forests or grasslands or wetlands, it's like no matter where we do it, if we do that, the benefits are cascading and the detriments are non-existent. And so this awareness and this understanding can be sort of summarized in a different way. And so let me give you a framework of optimism as opposed to a framework of, oh, we're screwed.

Yeah, the science, I got it, you know, and so forth. Okay, here's the thing. So in our terrestrial systems, there are 3,300 billion tons of C, carbon, not carbon dioxide, carbon. Okay. That's about four times more, almost approximately, almost exactly four times as much carbon that's in the atmosphere. Okay. So there's two ways to look at that. If we continue to degrade our living systems, our forests, our wetlands, our seagrass, I mean, if we continue to do that to our forests, et cetera, then as they die, those ecosystems, they emit carbon.

So if we continue to do that at the rate we're doing it, our PPM will go up from 419 to 519 just from land degradation alone. So parts per million of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Yes, so carbon dioxide. Thank you. But let's flip it. So if we restore 9% – if we increase the amount of carbon by restoring our 3 billion hectares of degraded land, our existing forests, our grasslands, our wetlands, our mangroves, our tidal sea marshes, et cetera,

if we increase the amount of carbon by 9%, 9%, we will offset all the emissions since the Industrial Revolution. Wow. We will draw them down. If now, the fact is there's going to be more emissions between now and 2050, let's say. So if we increase the content of carbon in our terrestrial systems by 14%, we will basically have not only offset those industrial emissions and the new ones that are coming forth, but we will be at the outset of drawdown and we will continue to see greenhouse gas emissions go down to a sustainable level in terms of climatic

stability. So if you can imagine now, you're in Massachusetts, you can look out, you know, you can see a forest, you can see trees, you know, look, and you can imagine, can I increase the amount of natural nature activity by 9%? Yeah, sure. Can we do that all around the world? Absolutely. And does it create employment for people? Absolutely. Is it meaningful employment? Yes. It gives people a sense of purpose and meaning and involvement, not to ignore the science, but so much as to understand that

the science is bumming us out. And we can't be bummed out. If we're going to act, we need to act with certainly the acceptance of the science, but not the inevitability. Yeah, that's very true. And I think that the scale of the problem is just overwhelming for people. And it's been so abstract, but it's becoming less abstract as we see these changes that are happening in our backyard, in America, in developed countries,

not just in developing countries. And what we're requiring is a systems approach to think about this. And it's very much like functional medicine. You know, the body is a complex adaptive system, and we need to create balance and figure out how to regenerate health. And that's the science of health is what functional medicine is. And what you're really mapping out with the book Regeneration is the science of regenerating our entire ecosystem and the people that live on it and doing it in a way that creates all these secondary benefits of equity and justice and dignity and biodiversity and obviously drawing down carbon and climate reversal and improving health. So to me, that's what regeneration is.

And it's such a powerful idea. Hey, everyone, it's Dr. Hyman here. Now so many of my patients ask me how I manage to work multiple jobs, travel frequently, well not so much anymore, and spend time with my family and still focus on my health. I know it can seem hard to eat well when you got a lot going on,

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That's paleovalley.com forward slash hyman. I definitely recommend stocking up on the grass-fed beef sticks to keep in your house, in your car, and in your office. It's one of my favorite tricks to staying healthy while on the go. All right, now let's get back to this week's episode of The Doctor's Pharmacy. The challenge that I see is when we start to talk about these things, it's a little overwhelming. And I think that one of the beautiful things about the book is that it sort of breaks it

down into really bite-sized chunks and looks at all the areas and solutions and things that we should be thinking about, but does it in a way that creates, at the end of the book, particularly this beautiful guide on how to create action and connection and in the book you talk about all the areas we need to focus on it's not just our food and food systems or forests it's our oceans it's the forest it's our our wilderness it's how do we reimagine our approach to land management to humans and people to urban environments to our food system, to energy production and industry? And how do we put all those threads together so that we

create a different world? And, you know, the challenge for me when thinking about this is that a lot of the things that you're proposing are science-based, they're common sense, or they make sense. And yet there seems to be a lack of political will and inertia. I was speaking with John Kerry the other day about his role in climate. And he's like, well, if, for example, China doesn't want to step up and do it, it's going to be a problem because they're one of the biggest emitters. We are, too. But they also are. And there's just a resistance to this kinds

of scale of change that has to happen and the speed that needs to happen at. And I know you're hoping that the book will catalyze that, but how do you see us taking this concept and scaling it up into policy and to business innovation, into transformations in our food systems and policy, even in our political choices. Well, the end of the book is called Action and Connection, but really it's a wormhole to the website, which won't be up until September 14th when the book comes out. And it's what? What is the website?

Regeneration.org. Okay. Simple. What I noticed after Drawdown was published, and I gave 128 talks or something like that and was inevitably and invariably, actually, people raised their hand and said, but what can I do? They actually, I said earlier that 98% of people don't, aren't engaged, even though they are maybe, you know know many of them may be sympathetic

but actually if you really ask people they literally do not know what to do and yes they can change their diet or this or that and so forth and you're also quite right this is functional medicine for the earth it's absolutely the same as what you and your colleagues are doing with respect to the human body. You know, basically, as my wife says, you know, we're mostly bacteria learning to be human, and now we have to be humans learning to be earthlings, right, to live on this planet, right?

For sure. So what we have in the What to Do section is not like these are the top 10 things you can do and, you know, check off your list. So what are the things that you want to do that light you up? They really turn you on that are fascinating that you can get engaged in. That's what you should be doing. And so that's why we don't, in a sense, give a hierarchy of what it is that you should do. If somebody, if you're not doing something, you can be shown somebody else is don't worry about that. Where you can be most effective is where you're lit up and where you're engaged and learning and curious. You wouldn't be the doctor you are today if you weren't extremely curious. And you still are.

Okay. So we all are that way, but just not in a way that's prescribed to us by the climate movement or the climate science and so forth. So what we have in the website is a complete thing. It's like clothing. It's 8 to 10% of global emissions. Who knew? I mean, it is the industry. Yes.

Yeah. And, like, you want to do something about it? And you go to the website, and it'll tell you what you can do as an individual, what you can do as a school, as a college, as a company, as a city, who are the players, the a college, as a company, as a city, uh, which you, who are the players, the good players, who are the ones that are really, you know, fast fashion companies that are, you know, incentivizing, um, you know, our teenagers and young people to change their clothing every few weeks, you know. And we have one, for example, on the boreal forest, you know. And again, the boreal forest is the greatest stock of carbon in the world.

In Canada, it goes across Scandinavia and Russia. But in Canada, you know, they're mountaintop clearing. They have the tar sands. They're cutting down virgin ancient timber to make toilet paper for Procter & Gamble and Kimberly Clark and so forth. And so it says here are the CEOs. That's their name. Here's their email. You can do this. So here's the influencers. Here's the NGOs that are kicking ass. You can get involved with them. You can support them.

Here are the great videos and books on this thing. Here are the Native Americans, First Nations up there, you know, who are really taking charge of their traditional tribal lands and so forth. So you can look at it and say, oh, man, okay, you know. And here's a Washington Post and the New York Times and my publisher who buys paper from the same companies that are trashing the Boreal Forest, okay? And so you can have just a whole menu of how to get involved and what to do and how to be effective and also to influence the policymakers, what John Kerry was talking about. That is to say, here are the policies that are up there. Here are the people who are working on those policies. Canada that says it cannot buy paper products unless they have come from lands or where the tribal and the traditional owners of the land have approved of that logging and the paper products. And that's going back and forth in the legislature. So that's what we're trying to do,

Mark, is actually get people excited about all the possibilities and the beauty of nature and of this earth and the complexity in the best sense of the word. And then find a place where you want to make a difference. And to understand that you're not an individual, that an individual does not exist. We all have agency. And when you start to connect to the different people who are involved or you get other people involved with you, your classmates, your school, your company, your colleagues, your neighborhood, your family,

that's who you are. That's who we are. The individual is just a delusion, you know, that we are minded as soon as we wake up in the morning. But in actual fact, you know, we are powerful in ways which you don't understand. And the most important thing you can do actually is local, you live the people you know the in ecosystems that you interact with the municipalities that you vote within etc this is where you can make the biggest impact and you can watch the government sort of waffle and be corrupt for sure and you can listen to all the things you should do about recycling for sure, but where you're effective is right where you are.

And in this sense, it's exactly the same as the human body. Who is in charge? No one is in charge of the human body. You're in charge of what you drink, eat, smoke, and think, and exercise, but you're not in charge of the human body, and we're not in charge of the human body and we're not in charge of the earth. And so when you understand that the power to make reasonable, informed, and substantive action rest within your network, within agency, within your place, then you can sort of let go of some of the grief or stress that you carry about what's not happening and focus on what is or what can be.

So Pauline, this is tremendous. And I think that what you're calling on is all of us to show up in the small or big ways that we can in our own lives, in our own choices, in our own purchases, in the things we do in our home, in our kitchen, in our workplaces, with our families. Really, this is a key message. And I think it's important for us to all think about how we can contribute. But I want to push back a little bit and say,

even if all us humans who weren't driving policy or running big corporations changed, would it make enough of a difference? Or do we need to pull in business and government in order to actually solve the problem? Because I don't know the answer, but I think I do. But I want to hear your perspective. I am not excluding business and government whatsoever. I'm saying we need it all. I'm just saying it's really middle out.

There's a big middle that's missing. That's the 98% of people who are disengaged. That governments and corporations are engaged. The slogan of the biggest food company in the world, Nestle, is generation, generation, regeneration. Okay. And they're serious. They have 600,000 farms in Africa and South America. And I say they have them. They don 600,000 farms in Africa and South America. And I say they have them. They don't have them. These are small holders, but they buy from them.

And they have relationships that sometimes go back five generations. And they're working together to convert to regenerative agriculture or agroforestry, or it depends, and for very practical reasons for the farmers, for them, and so forth. So you're seeing substantive action occur at a corporate level, but I just don't want people to think, well, I hope they do it, because you are they as well. That's what I'm trying to emphasize. So I think the pushback is right.

I do work with corporations and I'll work with anybody who wants to make a change. I'm not opposed to that at all. We're in this together. And I think that when we act that way, but I just think that when I say what to do in the website, that includes influencing corporations. We just found out that, what, $3.3 trillion of subsidies were given to fossil fuel companies by the G20 in the last five years. Wow. Why do they need all that? They seem to make enough money on their own.

And banks invested $3.6 trillion since the Paris Agreement. So there's almost $7 trillion has gone to coal, gas, and oil. Well, you want to find out who did it? it's chase it's wells fargo it's bank of america look at your credit cards get rid of them write to them and say i'm out of here you know if you're not going to bank in a way that protects and preserves and restores the world i'm going to go to who does and so you have the fint, basically, you know, which in like Gunnar Lovelace, a mutual friend of ours with good money. And so many of these companies are arising that actually disintermediate the existing structure. So those are things you can do. Yeah, that's right.

It's beautiful. And I think one of the concepts you share in the book, and we'll get back into some of the beautiful aspects of how to regenerate, because I think it's important to talk about that specifically. But you talk about a set of sort of principles, a compass that creates a checklist for us to think about what our actions do, whether we're individuals or businesses or governments or philanthropists or anybody and i just got to go through them because they're just they're really brilliant and they they make you stop and think you know does this action create more life or reduce it does it heal the future or steal the future does it enhance human well-being or diminish it does it prevent disease or profit from it? Does it create livelihoods or eliminate them? Does it restore land or degrade it? Does it increase global warming or decrease it?

Does it serve human needs or manufacture human wants? That's a big one. Does it reduce poverty or expand it? Does it promote fundamental human rights or deny them? Does it provide workers with dignity or demean them? And in short, is the activity extractive or regenerative? And those are beautiful set of things to think about as we look at our choices and our actions every day, whether you're in government, whether you're a business leader, whether you're an individual, these are the principles that are going to help turn things around. But they're a moral compass that exists in an amoral, often amoral business world. And it seems like an increasingly amoral political world.

I worry about how we get the right people who have the biggest levers to drive the changes and make the decisions from that moral compass. How do you see that happening? I had no idea. Okay. Okay. Humans are, you know, very interesting. And I would go back to something you said earlier in the, you know,

we are not well human beings we're not healthy which is healthy okay whole see we're not healthy we're not healthy we have been basically um exploited by big food and big egg and big food has basically hijacked our taste buds, which are there for a reason, you know, and they were developed over tens of thousands of years, you know, to help us sort out what to eat and what not to eat and why and when. And that's all been hijacked. And so as you know better than I and so forth,

70% of disease is metabolic disease caused by what we eat and the food system and the food system itself, as you also well know, and I don't want to be telling you what you know, but to the, to, to listeners and so forth, you know, it's highly inflammatory. Okay. And you think, okay, inflammation is where in the cell is where, in the cell, is where all disease starts, you know. But if you look at the world as a whole, it's inflamed. It's inflammatory. The metaphor, I mean, the analogy is perfect. Well, why do human beings act so crazy?

Why are they so divided? Why are they so willing to be deluded? Because actually their brains are inflamed, their nervous system. Yeah, yeah. They feel crappy about themselves, you know. They're depressed, you know. They're trying to cover up their depression or their sadness, you know, with substances, with alcohol, with addictions, with video, with pornography, with God knows with addictions, with video, with pornography,

with God knows what, and so forth. And that is further inflaming them and suppressing their core goodness, I would say, you know, which I think is in every human being. And, you know, one of my teachers and one of my board members, so gratefully, is Jack Kornfield. Yeah. And, you know, he teaches Buddhism and is a big appreciator of all the different schools. But the school that he was schooled in, actually, the Theravadan school is the oldest school of buddhism and it one of the tenets is that is you you want to discover the the one who knows is in everyone there is the one who knows who understands you know your higher self exactly and so it's about how do we draw that out and i think food is just is there's so many ways in and

and the principles that you read um that i came up with by the way in 15 minutes when somebody asked me said well here's the principles i said i just and i looked at them later and i thought wow these are pretty good but it's pretty good. They seemed obvious. And to me, what they are, if you look at them and you say, well, these are, in the best sense of the word, these are religious principles too. I mean, every major religion, these are core principles. It's like it's the perfidy, the corruption, the finality, the delusionary nature of our culture, of capitalism, of advertising, of marketing, of politics and then trying to draw that out from others. In some ways, you do it just by healing, just by being that practitioner that my daughters are in, to help people come back to themselves.

And I think when they do, they see the world differently. And that is a one-to-one relationship it's not something you can do with a microphone in a stadium you know you do it and and so we all have influence on people that way that's so beautiful so getting into the sort of meat of the book uh you know since i think think I'm interested in food and agriculture, I want to sort of start there and we'll see how far we get. But, you know, within within the book, it's interesting how you you had aspects of food and food systems and agriculture in almost every section, whether it was the city or forests, you know, obviously food or land use. So in there is so much about food. And in your book, you talk about how the food system is the single biggest cause of global warming, of soil loss, of chemical poisoning, chronic disease, destruction of rainforests, even the killing of the oceans, the dying of the oceans. So can you talk about the regeneration in all these areas and how transforming our food industry can be an extraordinary opportunity for humankind?

And it's really one of the core tenets of regeneration. It really is. I think that I put regenerative ag in the middle of the book because I feel like some people think regeneration just refers to soil or farming. And, you know, that's what they've heard. And so that's what they think. And so I started with oceans and forests and wilding. But, yeah, food is core.

First of all, we eat it every day one or two or three times or more, depending on who we are. We eat it every day without which we disappear. Okay. So that is our connection to the earth. And what we have now, of course, as you know, an agricultural system, industrial ag, that basically came out of the 19th century, that in Europe, where there was definitely issues about sufficient food and hunger, and then they invented the Huber-Bosch process of nitrogen, that is putting nitrogen in the soil, and wow, everything was green.

What that started was the idea that you can actually feed plants directly in other words you put the chemicals in their mpk and you you're putting plants on an iv drip essentially to use a medical metaphor and and and and the fact is that what regenerative ag is, is you feed the soil. Because the soil is what feeds the plants. When you interdict that, when you interrupt that, which is what we've done, basically, the roots don't have to go as deep. The plants don't get everything they need. They can grow for sure. But they're weak.

They get attacked by insects. You need insecticides. They're not strong. They don't compete well. You need herbicides. Need, or you, in a sense, that's what happens. That makes the soil even more dead and the roots more shallow and the runoff more toxic.

So you're in there. But what does it do to human beings? the roots more shallow and the runoff more toxic. So, you know. Yeah. But what does it do to human beings? And they're eating that food, whether it's direct or processed, usually almost always processed. And basically they're starving. So people are starving and they don't know what they're starving for or, you know, they don't know what they're missing.

Their body knows and it's signaling them all sorts of ways symptomatically over hunger disease is a signal is a signal to the body it's you know it's like this isn't working for me do you listen now i mean it was headaches first and now it's migraines or, you know, whatever. I mean, the body's always giving us feedback. And so, but the feedback goes right back to the food system, right back to agriculture, right back to soil, right back to this profound misunderstanding of our relationship as a species to the living world. And I love, I think, what you said once.

I heard you say recently, you know, if it has a label, I'm not going to eat it. I mean, but you're pointing to the fact that do I need ingredients or do I need, as I think you said, what God made, what nature made? Eat what nature makes, you know, but don't eat, you know. And so this is one of the disconnections. God made, what nature made. Eat what nature makes, but don't eat. And so this is one of the disconnections. I say the climate crisis is caused by

this disconnection between each other. Where did the disconnection from each other come from? I'm not sure. I wouldn't go to the politics industry and other things, but the disconnection to our bodies and to ourself and to our well-being and to our health and to mental well-being uh is definitely from big food and big egg it's an unholy alliance and it uh it is right there with transport those two

are the two biggest causes of global warming i would say climate is bigger because it activates- Food is bigger. Food is bigger. Excuse me, food. I mean, big food and ag are bigger because they engender other activities and things that are negative and harmful to the environment. It's true. And the beautiful thing about the book is it certainly names how the food industry and the ag industry are driving so much of the crises. But you talk about really amazing ideas like agroforestry or animal integration or composting or things like, you know, local food production,

decommodification. These are all amazing ideas, getting rid of food waste. Can you share a little bit more detail about some of these ideas and how they work, what they do, the impact and how we can scale these things? Yeah. Decommodification is an interesting one. There are these huge companies, the hugest, I think the biggest company in some ways, private company in the world, Cargill.

And they buy grains and seeds and commodities from farmers. When you sell, they store it and they resell, reship around the world, whether it's beef or whether it's sunflower seeds or whether it's you know oil or wheat or rice or okay so if you're a farmer and let's say you want to move away from gmo farming okay and so you're now you're just say non-gmo well cargo will buy non-gmo there's a big market for non-gmo corn and soy and so it'll sell it right okay but it it sells it at the lowest price now let's say you're really making an effort to restore your farm to regenerate yourself you're going the extra mile every year to make this a much more productive better better, healthier place. You're not paid for that by Cargill.

They don't care. It's just non-GMO, end of subject. Cargill will buy organic food, same thing, which is, so in other words, the lowest common, the lowest threshold in terms of classification of the food is good enough for Cargill. And so let's talk about regenerative. Now they want to buy regenerative food, okay? I mean, Cargill. And so let's talk about regenerative. Now they want to buy regenerative

food. Okay. I mean, Cargill's right there, but what decommodification is and Indigo Ag, which is a company that is very much about regeneration to the opposite of Monsanto, basically have set up a system that connects the farmer to the buyer directly. So now the farmer, she can talk about what she's doing and in all the different ways in which she's implementing practices at her farm, what the results are, what the carbon levels are, how she has basically increased the complexity of her cover crops, you know, to 25 different ones in her drills. I mean, it goes on and on and on. That then is a narrative, a story, a quality that you as a buyer can share with your customers. So you're not just buying non-GMO.

You're buying this person, this farmer or farmers who are really making the movement to restoring water, land, health, animals, biodiversity, et cetera. And so the farmer makes more selling direct, the buyer pays less than if they bought it through Carbio. So it's really a big win for the people involved, for the customers, for the people who are going to eat the food, but also for the environment and for climate. So that's decommodification. And that also relates to localization, which is really food always used to be local until the railways came in.

And the railways changed agriculture forever, especially in this country. And really localization is within the city and the peri-urban environment and so forth, you know, is that more and more people are farming and bringing that food into the city. They're not just growing, you know, vegetables or fruits, they're also growing grains or growing beans or growing seeds. So you're getting a kind of interesting relationship between the urban environment and I call the peri-urban the surrounding where food doesn't travel so far and it's fresher it has more meaning because it's in

farmers markets or local stores and so forth there's names there's varieties and so forth so you're seeing people remarry because they got divorced a long time ago remarry because they got divorced a long time ago, remarry food as culture, as taste, as, you know, and so that's localization and decommodification. They really go together. And that's restorative. That has a big impact on climate. But that's what I was trying to say about regeneration is you don't have to know about climate in order to be excited about regeneration.

You don't have to have a scorecard, you know. But what's interesting about regeneration is it is a word that's been talked about in terms of climate change primarily. But what you're presenting in your book is a very different framework, which is inclusive of regenerating human society, regenerating natural environments, regenerating natural environments, regenerating wild places, and doing it in a way that brings merit, benefit, and abundance to so many people and to our whole way of life. So I think this is a really striking different shift in framework because I think I had a very limited view of regeneration before. I mean, I understood it in a human health sense and in a soil health sense. But your framework is so much broader and it so beautifully maps out all the things we need to think about if we want to live on the planet.

Because the truth is, you know, we are at risk of being extinct. The planet is getting messed up, but it's going to be fine. It'll come back. But we won't. And maybe we're okay with that. Maybe we've had our time and we should just ride it out. But it feels like we really have this moment in time right now where we can show up as a species and say, okay, wait a minute.

We've made some bad choices. We've done some things that were done with good intentions but had bad consequences. How do we shift that? If you look at the book, and there's 78 different solutions in there, and if you look at them, and let's pretend for a moment that you knew nothing about the atmosphere, that there was no climate science.

You would want to do every one of them. Because the benefits are so great and they don't have a downside. They do not have a downside. We are in an extractive economy where the benefits are about money and capital formation and sales and growth and stock market value and the detriments and the harm are huge. And so we are in a degenerative economy and it's not intentional by most companies or people. It's just true, which is we extract, we take from the environment, we take from our oceans, our land, our people, from our cultures, from the forest, from every living system. And we eventually make something, manufacturing something or create a service service, or make a product, and sell it.

And yet the harm that's happened, we may be divorced from it and not understand it and not see it, but the fact is the harm is still done. That's an extractive economy. Extraction of life is degeneration. That is degeneration. So regeneration is really about what if we did a 180

and said, huh, okay, I got it. In other words, I understand what I have been doing or what I've been buying or what it does and its impacts. What does regeneration look like? And it's a 180. And it's not like you can do it overnight if you're a big company or whatever. But actually, it's a 180 and it's not like you can do it overnight if you're a big company or

you know whatever but actually it's a different path forward that goes for millennia degeneration we can see the end of that road it doesn't go much further i agree 100 and i think one of the things that gets people stuck is economics um and the belief that this sounds like a great idea but is it really something we can afford? Is it something that's going to just cost money or is it going to save money? And I just, I just got back from Rodale Institute where I met with my food fix campaign team or driving changes in the food system.

And we learned about their farming systems trial, which has been a 40 plus year trial, looking at the impact of organic practices and regenerative organic practices versus conventional practices on the same farm and plots next to each other. Right. So they're experiencing the same environmental conditions, everything. And what was striking was really the data that they had. So it's not abstract. And I think that the concept that we're told by the food industry and the ag industry is we, yeah, yeah, organic is okay, but we really need industrial

agriculture to feed the world. We've gone from one and a half to 7 billion people in the last 100 years. We need to produce these large commodity crops in ways that actually use industrial practices because otherwise we won't be able to feed the world. And I think this is a giant mythology. And what they showed from this research was that they produce competitive results in terms of yields using organic versus conventional, which is the argument against organic. What was even more striking was that in tough times of drought, the organic produced 40% more yield. And in terms of soil health, of course, it builds soil health. It used less energy, 45% less energy, 40% less carbon emissions, leaching no nitrogen or pesticides into waterways.

And what was even more striking was the economics of this. Farm farmers earn three to six times more profit when they did organic than when they did conventional. So all the ideas that we've been told are really not true. And I think the question I would pose to you, Paul, is what is the economics of regeneration? Is it something that's going to create more abundance or is it going to just cost us? Yeah. I mean, that has been the canard that's been thrown at the organic world. I started, you know, Erewhon when I was 20 years old and we are always criticized like, this is, oh, you hippies want to eat this. But we serious people care about the rest of the world and want to feed the world. And, you know, I can't believe that trope is still alive today because industrial ag doesn't feed the world at all. First of all, it poisons the world.

But 70 percent of the food is produced by small holders, not by industrial ag. Most of industrial ag or cultural production goes to animals, not to people. And it goes to animals that are treated very cruelly and harmfully, you know, in confined area feeding operations and process that food is processed in such a way that in almost, in most cases produces food that's toxic to human beings as well. And, and produces a lot of effluent, the capos produce effluence and toxicity and et cetera. Okay. So first of all,

the myth that industrial ag is needed to feed the world is just nonsense. And never has been true. Second, on costs. Yeah. on cost, yeah. I mean, if you're subsidized like crazy and you externalize the cost of raising food, which is what industrial ag does, the dead zone in the Gulf of Mexico is caused by industrial ag. Who pays for that?

Well, not the farmers and not Monsanto buyer not syngenta not the chemical companies you know no okay i mean that's staggering probably 212 000 metric tons of fish that die every year how much would those fish cost and how many people would they feed and you know that's just one dead zone there's 400 of those those around the world feeding half a billion people. So it's staggering what you're talking about. Look at pesticide poisoning in the San Joaquin Sacramento Valley where I live in California. I remember when we – I had an organic farm at Erwan. I had farmers in 35 states, 34,000 acres under contract of organic food. But we would talk about us like, wow, we're internalizing costs. That

is to say, we're spending money on our farms to not cause harm. We don't use pesticides, we don't have runoff, etc. The farmers who were doing that, basically, weren't paying the cost at all. And so there was a profound imbalance in terms of fairness. It was unfair, upside down and backwards and so forth. The food that should be labeled and highly labeled is industrial food, chemical food, ultra processed food. That should be labeled as ultra processed, chemically produced, industrial ag food. This is what you're buying. If it's organic or regenerative, there shouldn't be any label at all. It's food it's a banana it's an apple it's kale it's arugula it's cruciferous vegetables you know and like there's no label yeah that's right because

i mean so it's upside down and backwards you know and um but i see that's why the thing about either we're healing the future or stealing the future, and we can make money just as much and more by healing the future. I say more not in the sense of concentrating in the hands of a few people, but more in terms of what you talked about, which is happening with organic and regenerative farmers, which is once they make that transition from being addicted to chemicals, and that is a passage, that is a transition, they need or deserve support. Sometimes they can only do it, you know, so many acres at a time, you know, because of that. But once they pass through that, they will never, ever go back because it is more profitable and the income is higher. And we have a USDA and we have, by the way, both the USDA affects, you know, SNAP programs and food stamps, $46 billion a year. And what goes to people who have very low income.

And it also impacts basically the food that's grown and how it's grown. You know, man, this is due to basically insurance, crop insurance. So with those two things, crop insurance and the SNAP programs, we lock in toxic food that's grown toxically. And so there is your what your cost advantage right there. It comes from us, our taxes. Yeah, that's true. I mean, if we actually were paying with a real cost of food, it would be staggering. And I think that the Rockefeller Foundation just produced a report on the true cost of food. as a society, as taxpayers, to compensate for the damage that's done by the very way we grow food,

the food we produce, the consequences of eating that food on humans, which is chronic disease and death. And no one's talking about it. And so I'm really pleased to see the Rockefeller Foundation put a stake in the ground and declare this because at the end of the day, when you look at regeneration, it's a concept that regenerates not just humans and their health, not just ecosystems, not just communities and societies, but it regenerates economies. And I think at the end of the day, whether we like it or not, our entire global, you know, national system is driven by money. And if we don't align the economics incentives and allow people to understand how this is actually the right economic choice,

that this won't happen. And in Drawdown, you did that beautifully. And this book is a more human book in a sense, but in Drawdown, it was really fascinating how you were able to look at what is the cost of this solution let's say you know doing compost or and what is the benefit in terms of the return on investment and it was staggering the return on investment from these interventions so could you talk a little bit about the economics of how we drive our thinking differently about the the economic benefits of regeneration. Yeah, I think there's a great Wendell Berry quote, you know, which is basically, you know, organic farming, or I forget what it was, but it's not going to make you rich, you're

going to be rich. In other words, leading a life that creates more life is extraordinarily satisfying and edifying life and one that destroys life isn't. But I would say that the, I guess what I want to say is that, yeah, we did the numbers and drawdown. They're based on assumptions, of course. Every model is about cost and income. And most of them were profitable. Some occasionally were not and so forth. But you know, actually, those are good in a sense for a policy level, but actually numbers don't change people. Jargon doesn't change people.

Fear does not change people. None of those things really change really how people think and what they do and or what they believe to be true and so forth. So I kind of, I took the numbers out of this book for that reason, because I think people are focusing on them. And I focused on engagement as, as human beings, as people, as cultures, as societies,

neighborhoods, friends, you know, engaged on agency more than on that, because I feel that is really how things happen, as opposed to looking at a number abstractly and saying, well, this could be profitable. And I mean, the cheapest form of new electricity generation in the world today, by far, is solar and wind. Okay. And as mentioned earlier, almost $7 trillion of money has gone to support coal, gas, and oil, which are far more expensive in terms of energy, electrical generation, transport generation,

whatever use you give to those fossil fuels than what we know how to do today. And yet, so we're seeing this crazy making diversion yeah where did that money come from it comes from you it comes from when you bank it comes from taxes you know we're paying for the devolution and degradation and destruction of the earth every single day you know know. And that means action. And I don't mean just, you know, start growing organically in the garden. I mean, that means write, call out, name, vote. I mean, get active, you know, no question about it,

because basically a small group of people has control of what's happening to a much, much larger group of people. But the other thing I emphasize, and this goes back to the origin of regeneration. I was in 2017 at the Commonwealth of Nations in Marlborough house in London. I was invited to speak to the 52 high commissioners, which is an essentially. Oh, wow. And to the, to, to, which was essentially MNAC. Oh, wow. And to London, you know.

And I was asked to speak about Drawdown, and I did. And then I had Q&A, which was fascinating. Q&A is always the most fascinating part of any talk. Yeah, I agree. Yeah, it's where you learn the most. You learn because everybody asks a question. Almost everybody asks a question for others as well. You know, they just don't.

And after that, I was walking back past Buckingham Palace, and it was all very glamorous and so forth, but I was walking back thinking about the questions. And what I realized, Mark, was that everybody there represented all the ministerials in their country, not just one. They represented defense and finance and education and transport and fishing and ag and health, of course. And from their point of view, climate was about carbon dioxide and methane, and that belonged in the portfolio of the environmental minister, which is usually the lowest ranking

or very low ranking ministerial in all these countries. And the rest of the ministers had a job to do. They had to take care of housing or health or this or this. And I realized, oh my gosh, you know. And as to what you said earlier, is that this is for everything and for everything it makes everything better for everyone and so if we are not thinking about the 4.1 billion people in the world who are impoverished you know if we're not directing our work to serving current human needs. If we think we can save the world and not make a world worth saving,

then it's not true. So what regeneration does is opens up this quality of understanding and activity that provides people with a sense of betterment. And the only way people are going to get involved around climate is to see that what they do or what is possible or this job or this vocation or this profession or this focus is going to make their life better, their family's life better. It's going to make a better community. And this is what the world wants because the world wakes up every single morning, pretty much most of the world

worried about today, not tomorrow, not next year, not climate change. They can't afford it. I remember a black person saying to me, how can I worry about that when I have to worry about getting a job? And I say, spot on, man. That is exactly right. And you look at the rest of the world, they're worried about food security, about health, about getting their kids to school, getting a school at all, about clothing, about, you know, et cetera, et cetera. If that's where the juice is in terms of reversing global warming. Yeah, it's so true. And I think what you just touched on something i want to highlight because you you state in the book something kind of provocative would you say it's the climate crisis is not a science problem it's a human

problem and that the most complex and radical climate technologies on earth are not what you'd expect right they're the human heart the head and the mind, not a solar panel. So talk about how the power to really change the world doesn't reside in these technologies, but relies on things like reverence, respect, compassion for ourselves, all people, all life. You sort of touched on a little bit, but I'd like you to get into it a little bit more because I think it's, it really, at the end of the day, it's not the facts, the figures, the science.

You're not going to yell and convince somebody. It may be the economics that drive things for sure, but it ultimately comes down to this human component. It does. I mean, and again, I think, you know, start with the tobacco industry, then later with British Petroleum in 2001, I think it was, you know, said, oh, you can calculate your carbon footprint. This has been this corporate communication for decades that if something's wrong, you did it and you're responsible and you can change, you know. Calculate your carbon footprint, you know, which is interesting, by the way. I don't, you you know don't get and say that but somehow if you change it that's going to solve the problem and we know that's not true and what we can change though and what is possible is what you just described and so forth is that we can

regeneration isn't about bringing the world just the world back to life it's about bringing ourselves back to life you know and and and to and, and to that, to sense like, I'm here, I chose to be here. What am I going to do at this time, given what I know and what I see in the world? And do I want to go around hang dog, depressed, angry, blaming other people? Or do I want to do something that brings me to life that brings joy to others to myself that where i learn like where my curiosity grows and expands and i become more connected to more people in interesting ways and so forth and to nature and to the earth and to all the living beings that are here that join with us to other cultures to

understanding that i live basically on land that was never ceded to me i'm living on stolen land who do we steal it from what is that culture what did they know there's all sorts of things that happen when you start to think this way and behave this way, and that is innate to regeneration. And I'm saying regeneration is innate to us, you know? And so it's really about just allowing that, recognizing that, and enacting that within ourselves, in our daily life. And it doesn't, I'm not, by the way,

in saying that in any way, criticizing any other thing that's going on with climate. I love it all. Everything that everybody's saying around the climate is fantastic. But we have to figure out how to get most people involved, not just a few. Yeah. Make it relevant to everybody. I think it's beautiful because it's very similar to what I see in health care right now.

You know, the number one cause of death in the world is diet. You know? Yeah. And it's not like we need a great new advance to cure diabetes and erase diabetes from the planet, which is the biggest driver of health care costs and suffering globally. But we don't have the understanding that we can. It's almost like Dorothy and Ruby had slippers. She didn't really know she could get back to Kansas by clicking her heels. You know, we have that same power collectively.

And I think, you know, we kind of rely on others. We abdicate our agency and our desire to actually do anything because it just feels overwhelming. But you paint a beautiful picture of how we each can be a part of it. And yes, we need big changes in policy. And yes, we need big changes in industry. And we need all of it. And it's not just one thing. But what you're saying is that it's actually, which is something I actually didn't feel before I really read through your book, was that what we each do does make a difference and that collectively it matters and that we can make choices that not only make us feel good,

but actually are making a difference. Yeah, absolutely. I mean, somewhere in the book, I say the person who can change this, the climate crisis is reading the sentence and I, and, and like, it sounds illogical, you know, from what we're, we're told and so forth, but absolutely the, there's, there are possibilities here and we're just bathed in probabilities. And the new cycle, it doesn't help us at all. And, and that's why we really have to, I think, the possibility here is an awakening. And I tell you, Mark, I won't name them, but I talked to CEOs of rather large companies, you know, rather very, very big companies. And I have seen such a difference in the last 18 months, two years, 40 years. I mean, their eyes are different.

They get it. I mean, they have children. They have grandchildren. They have sisters, brothers, aunts, uncles. I mean, they're going, it's an OMG moment for them, you know, it really is. And they find themselves then as the head of these extraordinarily large, you know, corporations with momentum and capital. But I see in them an awakening. And I just think it's just a matter of time before that occurs to other people

in other ways you know nobody awakens you you awaken yourself but and and and when that happens i think the rate of change is going to occur is going to be extraordinary the rate of climate change right now exceeds the rate of human change no question about it but i feel like that's going to have we're going to see a figure ground shift where the rate of human change is going to exceed the rate of climate change and the example i give i think about and we're studying it inside in terms of organization is about what happened to the LGBTQ community, which was like shame. I mean, it was basically, you know,

gay shame, it was shame, you know, and you could run for office in 2010 and denigrate, you know, LGBTQ people and win. Now we had a month of gay pride. We have a month of advertisers and companies and so forth. I'm not saying everything's been solved. And we had an openly gay man running for president, which was fascinating.

Exactly. And so there's been a figure ground shift. Not everybody has shifted, of course, especially in this country and other countries, some other countries, for sure. But I mean, that's a shift. And so what is going to create that figure ground shift with respect to global warming? the rate of change that can occur and activity that can occur will be extraordinary. And yes, can we basically achieve that point where we start to reverse global warming and draw down greenhouse gases? Absolutely. We know how to do it. We have the tools. we have the understanding. And what we lack right now is that capacity within humanity to awaken. The moment of awakening. But I see it so fast right now. So, Paul, one of the things that I think is a little overwhelming for people is, you know, is this, is this really going

to change? Can we really fix this? Is this, is this going to transform our society? And the thesis of the book is, is really extraordinary, which is that we can end the climate crisis in one generation. So in the book, there's 78 different solutions. All of them are interesting and important. But where do we start? Where do we start as individuals? Where do we start as business innovators? And where do we start as policymakers? Ending the climate crisis in one generation does not mean that we can no longer worry about climate. What it means is by 2030, we will experience a rate of change and engagement and involvement and absolute results from our activity that basically show that if we continue to do it, which we would because of the momentum of it,

achieve drawdown by 2050, 2045, or at some point in near future, and avoid the worst of global warming, 1.5 C levels thereby. So that's what that subtitle means. But each person has to find their own way. It's like, as I said, this is going from conceptual to experiential. I mean, and you can stay in your, I guess, conceptual framework of the world and read things that reinforce it?

Or at some point, do you step out and look at yourself and say, I need to be part of something that is meaningful, really meaningful in my life? And I can't think of anything that would have more meaning than reversing global warming, because it's really not about global warming. It's actually about the reimagination of civilization, of self and other.

So it's a very good question. It's kind of like a wizard of oz question you know like uh you know i i feel like i'd be a fraud if i said i knew i don't know i can only say what i see and what i see is a rate of understanding in the world. But when it comes to an individual, I don't know. Each person is different. When it comes to the rate of change, and you don't need, there's different numbers, but change creates change. And as I say in the book, belief does not change action. Yeah. And we know that from neuroscientists.

Belief, facts. I work at Stanford where action changes our belief. And so action changes the belief of others as well. And as more action occurs, as more people act, you get a cascading effect from that. And that's what I'm going to bet on. Yeah, it's really incredible to think about what a difference we can make. It reminds me of that quote from Margaret Mead, who said, never doubt that a small group of committed individuals can change the world. In fact, that's the only thing that ever has.

Yeah. And we have a great teacher. We're being homeschooled by the planet. We have this great teacher and so it's our home and she's teaching us. We're a little slow. We're in the short bus. We're in the medial extra help learning disability class, I think. True, true.

But then she just speaks a little louder when that happens, and it gives tougher homework assignments. So, you know, we have the teacher, we have the teachings, you know, we have amongst humanity, we have the teachings, you know, we have amongst humanity, we really are brilliant, gorgeous, amazing human beings are here everywhere in the world doing things that are of such importance and grace, with such intelligence and kindness and compassion. They're all here. And so let's meet them.

Let's get involved with them. Let's learn from them. Let's be those people let's do that and yes we'll look at the headlines and we'll look at the demagogues and you know the billionaires in space but in the end of the day yeah one of us will be about human beings you know it's true you know think about it what's beautiful about your book it's not about what we need to invent or create or hopefully figure out or discover it's about the solutions that exist right now in all these different aspects and areas

that that are scientific that are proven that are being implemented in small or large ways globally and we just need to draw on those to sort of scale them up and reimagine everything. So before we close, I'd love you to just sort of talk about how you reimagine the future. Maybe paint a picture of, you know, in each of those areas, what are a few things that could be done that would make such a big difference in each of those areas of the book?

Maybe just one or two. Just say, okay, if we did this, this is what needs to be done. And you know, I think there's so much in there people will find it, but it would just be good to get a flavor of the kinds of solutions that you're really proposing and what they look and feel like to people. You mentioned a few of them that we talked about, but I'd love you to sort of go through the book and just share a little bit

about it. Cause it gets going to, it's going to give people a sense of hope about, Oh, there's the solutions. These are the things we can do. This is possible. What I see happening is solutions that are really fascinating to me or engaging. One is about water. And it's interesting that plants manage water. That's just managing water on the planet. And water manages heat. So we talk about carbon, but we should also talk about water. It's so important. And so when we start to, we have this, you know, like I say, billions of acres of degraded land,

which is just begging for people to go on it and use rotational grazing, regenerative agriculture, afforestation, agroforestry, silver pasture, et cetera, and restore that land. What happens when you restore land? You're restoring water. We're restoring basically the water cycle. And when the water cycle is restored, it literally makes rain. We think rain comes from the oceans. It doesn't.

The rain clouds. It also comes from the land. And so what we know now is that when we change what's on the land in terms of plants and trees and so forth it actually creates rain it creates water and the earth is desiccated if you have a patient who is completely dehydrated you could that could be near death if they did that you hydrate them okay yeah so what we need to do is hydrate the earth. That's what we Gen Ag and these different methodologies do. And they can increase the amount of water that's in the soil by a factor of 10, 20, 30 or more. Okay.

So we're bringing that excess water that just about, you know, that killed so many people in Germany and all these places, you know, in Europe last week. And we actually bring it back and put it in the earth. When it's in the earth, the temperature goes down. So 80% of what we experience in terms of temperature is from the hydrosphere and not from the atmosphere. And so what also happens is a wonderful study that was done in Africa, and because this

valley in Malawi had hailstorms all the time, they had the most hailstorms of any place in Africa. And the question is, why? Why was it happening? And so what we know now is that we used to think that water nucleated formed a drop from a gas to a liquid by attaching itself to dust particle in the sky. It does. But what we've learned is that actually it attaches to bacteria. And so what these scientists discovered in Malawi is when the hail came,

they actually melted it and sequenced the bacteria. Wow. And they discovered that the bacteria in the hail was specific to that valley. That valley was making the hail. Which is a type of precipitation, water. So there are these discoveries going on about how we can actually change the surface of the earth in such a way that we change the weather. And as opposed to the weather being changed

and not having any, you don't have control when you do that, but you actually are regenerating patterns of weather that we have lost. And so I think one of the most exciting things is the restoration of degraded land in all the different ways and what it will do to rainfall and crops, in rivers that we cannot predict or know a priori, but we know it will have a profound impact on it and we know we need to do it. Absolutely. That's just so beautiful. So this is a really hopeful message in a time which feels kind of hopeless when we see increasing climate instability, when we see increasing social instability, economic instability,

obviously health is going downhill big time. And this is, to me, very much like the functional medicine approach to health, which is get to the root cause, restore systems, restore ecosystems to their natural balance. And regeneration is just such an important piece of work in this moment. And I hope everybody who's listening gets a copy of the book, reads it, takes it in and shares it with their community, with their family, with the people who they work with or work for, who work for them.

Because this is the kind of book that can shift our perspective. It's a frame shift that allows us to go from despair to hope. And I'm just so inspired that you wrote it. I know you've been working really hard on it. I encourage everybody to go buy it, Regeneration, Ending the Climate Crisis in One Generation. You can buy it, Regeneration, Ending the Climate Crisis in One Generation. You can buy it anywhere you get books. Go to regeneration.org to learn more about how you can get involved and get into the action, not just the reaction around this, but what action can you do.

And, Paul, you'll be just expanding this more and more, and work, I know know is going to be out there. And I can't wait till we all are working on this problem of regeneration together, because it's really about regenerating not only the planet and climate, about regenerating human communities, societies, human relationships, human health, all the things that I think we care most about. And making this a human problem, not a science problem, is a really beautiful flip on our thinking. And it's, I think, hopefully going to change the way we approach this forever. So, Paul, thank you so much. I want to thank you because you don't know this, but all during the time, this is two years since I've been creating the book, I've listened to every single one of your podcasts. But why? The reason is because, and I have, okay, list and this thing and this person said that. And I have a whole list of what I found influential and important.

A lot of what you have done in these podcasts and so forth, what you and your guests have said and talked about actually is in the book. Not quoted, not word for word. But it's like, oh, man that yes yeah and i mean we have 5 000 citations on the website okay so we you know we didn't have room for them there but but the fact is that you have really really served as an inspiration from this book and a joyful one because I'd be on my Peloton or doing something, you know, in the garden,

listening to the podcast with earbuds or something. And I go, whoa, and stop and make a note, at least where it was in terms of time or I make a notation to go back and listen again

and so forth. So I just really want to acknowledge that. Thank you. I think the book is about a recognition of people like you who understand, again, regeneration innately and practice it and do it. As opposed to something that's, you know, sort of, you know, arrives, you know, as a new word or a new term, I feel like it's really something that people do understand. And you've been my teacher in this. So I really- Oh, Paul, thank you. Thank you. Well, we have a lot more to do together, a lot more work to do.

And I so appreciate everybody listening to this podcast. And thank you so much for your work and your tireless efforts. I know it's not easy to do this. I know it takes a lot of your life energy and I just thank you for it. And everybody listening, make sure you get a copy of the book, Regeneration, Ending Climate Crisis in One Generation. Subscribe to this podcast. Leave a comment. We'd love to hear from you.

What have you done to make a difference? And share with your friends and family and everybody because it's important. And we'll see you next time on The Doctor's Pharmacy. Hey, everybody. It's Dr. Hyman. Thanks for tuning into The Doctor's Pharmacy. I hope you're loving this podcast. It's one of my favorite things to do and introduce to you all the experts that I know and I love and that I've learned so much from. And I want to tell you about something else I'm doing, which is called Mark's Picks. It's my weekly newsletter. And in it, I share my favorite stuff,

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and sign up for the newsletter, and I'll share with you my favorite stuff that I use to enhance my health and get healthier and better and live younger longer. Hi, everyone. I hope you enjoyed this week's episode. Just a reminder that this podcast is for educational purposes only. This podcast is not a substitute for professional care by a doctor or other qualified medical professional. This podcast is provided on the understanding that it does not constitute medical or other professional advice or services. If you're looking for help in your journey, seek out a qualified medical practitioner. If you're looking for a functional medicine practitioner, you can visit ifm.org and

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