The Dr. Hyman Show - Special Episode: Mark Hyman on Feel Better, Live More with Dr. Rangan Chatterjee - Why We Need To Fix Our Food System

Episode Date: February 26, 2020

In honor of Dr. Hyman’s upcoming book, Food Fix (foodfixbook.com), out on February 25th we are sharing a recent interview he did on Feel Better, Live More with Dr. Rangan Chatterjee. *** Why We Need To Fix Our Food System with Mark Hyman Is it possible to create a food system that promotes health, not disease? One that regenerates ecosystems, reverses climate change and ensures no one, least of all the poorest in society, is endangered? My guest on this week’s podcast believes it is. He is functional medicine doctor and New York Times bestselling author, Dr Mark Hyman. Mark and I talk about everything from how processed food is addictive by design, to the powerful role good nutrition, from real food, could have in hospitals, schools and prisons. We discuss why soil depletion from intensive farming is one of the biggest drivers of climate change – and why that vegan burger may not be the environmentally friendly option. Despite the serious subject matter of this conversation, I’m sure you’ll come away feeling hopeful. Mark doesn’t simply highlight the problems we’re facing. He identifies the ‘fix’, providing practical, positive solutions. It’s a call to action that we can all do our bit to answer. Show notes available at drchatterjee.com/98 Follow me on instagram.com/drchatterjee/ Follow me on facebook.com/DrChatterjee/ Follow me on twitter.com/drchatterjeeuk DISCLAIMER: The content in the podcast and on this webpage is not intended to constitute or be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your doctor or other qualified health care provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition. Never disregard professional medical advice or delay in seeking it because of something you have heard on the podcast or on my website. For information regarding your data privacy, visit acast.com/privacy

Hi everyone, this is Kea Pearl at one of the producers of the Doctors Pharmacy podcast. This week we're going to be sharing some interviews that Dr. Hyman recently did for his new book, Food Fix. Dr. Hyman was recently interviewed by Dr. Rangan Chatterjee about the American food system. We thought this interview was so great that we wanted to share it with you. Hope you enjoy it. We talk about climate change, people go, I get climate change, but nobody's talking about

the impact of the food system. Not just on chronic disease and the economy and our kids' brains and mental health. Even violence, you know, we know is linked to bad food in prisons. Violent prisoners can reduce violent crime in prisons by 56% just by eating a healthy diet. But we also know that it's destroying our environment, our climate. The food system is the number one cause of climate change. People don't get that. People don't understand that when you put it all together, whether it's deforestation,

soil erosion, factory farming, whether it's food waste, processing, distribution, refrigeration of food, all that together makes the food system the number one cause of climate change. Hi, my name is Rangan Chastji, GP, television presenter and author of the bestselling books, The Stress Solution and The Four Pillar Plan. I believe that all of us have the ability to feel better than we currently do, but getting healthy has become far too complicated. With this podcast, I aim to simplify it. I'm going to be having conversations with some of the most interesting and exciting people both within as well as outside the health space to hopefully inspire you as well as empower you with simple tips that you can put into practice immediately to transform the way that you feel. I believe that when we are healthier, we are happier because when we feel better, we live more.

Hello and welcome back to episode 98 of my Feel Better Live More podcast. My name is Rangan Chatterjee and I am your host. As a practicing doctor, one of the commonest things I see in clinic is people complaining of low energy. Now, of course, there can be many different reasons for this, some of which may require medical help, but most of the reasons actually can be fixed with small changes to our lifestyle. Now, last year, I created a series of six free videos to help you with this, and thousands of you have watched them so far and found them really, really useful. If this is something that you or someone else close to you would benefit from watching, simply go to drchatterjee.com forward slash energy and follow the instructions.

Now, the topic of today's conversation is food. Is it possible to create a food system that promotes health and not disease, one that regenerates ecosystems, reverses climate change, and ensures that no one, least of all the poorest in society, is endangered. My guest on this week's podcast believes that it is. He is Dr. Mark Hyman, medical doctor and author of an incredible 12 New York Times best-selling books. Mark and I talk about everything from how processed food is addicted by design to the powerful role good nutrition from real food could have in hospitals, schools and prisons. We also discuss why soil depletion from intensive farming is one of the biggest drivers of climate change and why that vegan burger may not be the

most environmentally friendly option. Despite the serious subject matter of climate change, and why that vegan burger may not be the most environmentally friendly option. Despite the serious subject matter of this conversation, I'm sure you'll come away feeling hopeful. Mark doesn't simply highlight the problems that we're facing. He identifies the fix, providing practical and positive solutions. It's a call to action that we can all do our bit to answer. Now, on to today's conversation. Mark, welcome to the Feel Better Live More podcast. Well, I definitely want to feel better and I want to live more. So, I'm so happy to be on this podcast.

Well, look, to put in context to people, we're here in Santa Monica in California. I'm over here doing some promotion for my book, The Stress Solution. But today we're going to talk a lot about your work and in particular, an issue which you've gone into in a very deep way in your new book, Food Fix. And that's something I don't think you've covered before in previous books. So can you tell me what is Food Fix about and what was your drive to write it well the title of the book is food fix how to save our health our economy our communities and our planet one bite at a time and the reason i wrote this book it's about the social and political and bigger context of the

food system and how it's driving all the things that are wrong with society today, whether it's chronic disease or economic burden of chronic disease, whether it's social injustice or climate change or mental illness or environmental destruction, all these things are connected to food, even challenges with our kids' education and national security, because we can't actually recruit enough healthy people to join the military in the United States because 70% got rejected. So I'm thinking to myself, how are these things connected? And as a functional medicine doctor, my job has always been to think about the root cause. So for the last 30 years,

I've been treating thousands of patients in my office, one by one, seeing the power of food to change their health, to get rid of the bad food and put in the good food. And remarkable transformations happen. But then I began to ask myself, like, why am I just working on this end of the problem? I'm just waiting for people to come to my office who are sick from all this bad food. The question, you know, rose in my head, which is why? Why do we from all this bad food, the question rose in my head, which is why? Why do we have all this bad food? And then I began to realize, well, we have a $15 trillion food system. It's the biggest industry on the planet. It's controlled by a few dozen companies and CEOs that control the big food companies and fast food and processed food companies,

the agriculture and agrochemical companies, the seed and fertilizer companies. And I began to say, well, if these companies are controlling the food that's grown and produced, then why do we have the food system we do? Why do we have the food that we're producing? And then it occurred to me, well, it's our policies. It's the policies that drive the food that we're producing. And then it occurred to me, well, it's our policies. It's the policies that drive the food system. And what food is grown and produced and sold, distributed, all of that is determined by the government's policies around food and agriculture.

So, I began to think about, as a doctor, if I'm really going to help my patients, I have to go upstream to think about these problems. I can't just wait until they show up in my office with diabetes, right? How do they get diabetes? It wasn't bad luck. It was a toxic nutritional wasteland that we all live in where it's easier to find a Pop-Tart than a peach, right? So I began to think deeply about this and I began to research it and think about it. And well, why is this going on?

And what's the problem? And I realized that the food industry is driving so many of our global crises. Let's just sort of go through them because they're all connected. And the good news is that there are solutions. So there's a lot of bad news, but there's also a lot of good news in terms of how we can, as citizens, as businesses, as philanthropists, as policymakers, change the system we have. And we think, oh, wow, we have this giant food system. It's so difficult. It's so big.

It's so embedded. It's the way we do things. But the truth is that American society was founded on slavery and an agricultural system that depended on slavery. That changed. It seemed impossible to change. I mean, the abolitionists working at the turn of the 1800s probably couldn't imagine a world without it,

but they still fought for what was right. And I think we are in that same situation. We have a very destructive food system. So what does it do? One, it produces massive amounts of chronic disease. We know that 11 million people die every single year from eating bad food and not eating enough good food. I think that's an underestimate. And it's the number one killer on the planet, more than smoking,

more than lack of exercise, more than accidents, guns, violence, more than anything else. It's the number one cause of disease. I mean, think about it. If Ebola or Zika was killing 11 million people a year, don't you think there'd be a massive global collective effort to change that? Scientists, policymakers, businesses, everybody would be on board to solve these terrible epidemics. But we have it right in front of us and nobody's dealing with it. So why is that, Mark? Because the stats you've just mentioned are mind blowing. You know, I, I hope by now most listeners to this podcast are aware that actually food is not important just for our physical health, but our minds, our emotional health, so many different components

of our health, but why are we not giving it the attention societally that we are you know on an individual level because you have spent your career writing you know bestseller after bestseller trying to empower people to make better food choices more helpful food choices for them you've spent your career seeing patients one-on-one and helping them on an individual level change their food choices and see a consequent improvement in their health. So you've seen that, but are you, or have you found, like I have found, that sometimes you give the best advice that you possibly can to the patient in front of you, yet they then go out into a food landscape where they simply cannot, or it is too challenging to make those choices that you and I would like them to make.

It's true. I mean, we live in a food system where it's super easy to make the wrong choice and super hard to make the right choice. You know, we're in America, 23 million Americans live in a food desert where they can't find a vegetable. You know, I met a woman from Cleveland who lived in the projects. She said her mother wanted to feed her healthy food. She had to literally take four buses on a two hour round trip to just buy some vegetables for her family. That's the world we live in. We live in a world where 80% of the food in grocery stores is processed and contains sugar, where the food we're eating is all commodities. 60% of the food we eat is basically derived from a number of few products,

wheat, corn, and soy, which is basically flour, sugar, and refined oils that are turned into all varieties of processed food. Basically, if you cover the front of the package, you couldn't tell what's in the box if it's a pizza or a corn dog, because it's all the same nonsense. And so, we have a very tough time for people to change. And that's why I realized it's not people's fault when they're advertised food that is addictive, when the food's designed to be biologically hijacking their brain chemistry and their metabolism, when we know the science is so clear on this and yet we do nothing about it. You know, in America, we have one in two people with a chronic disease and that's increasing dramatically. We have, you know, children,

40% are overweight, 70% of Americans are overweight and increasingly across the globe, we're seeing the same thing as the food industry is exporting its toxic products across the globe. We're seeing people suffering mental illness. We're seeing people driven, which is driven in part by the food we're eating. And we're still trying to solve the problem in the doctor's office. And the costs are staggering. I mean, just in America alone over the next 35 years, the cost of chronic illness, both direct and indirect costs is 95 trillion dollars let me

just put that in perspective that's 3.1 trillion dollars a year and the entire federal tax revenue the amount that the government collects from the citizens is 3.8 million so it's almost the entire federal budget that's needed to pay for i mean i'm glad you put that in context because these figures they're so big they're so staggering that for many of us, we don't even know what that means. What is 1 trillion, 2 trillion, 3 trillion? What does that mean? Let me tell you. A trillion, if you take $95 trillion and you stack them in dollar bills up into the sky,

it would reach 6.4 billion miles. Now, the New Horizons spaceship has been traveling for 13 years to get past Pluto at 36,000 miles an hour, and it's only gone 4 billion miles. So can you imagine how much money that is? It's basically the entire economy of the entire world. And I guess that is what you were saying at the start that food is, yes, it's about health, but you're making the case that it's so much more than that. It's about politics. It's about the economy. It's about the environment. It's about climate change. All of these things come from food, which is very powerful. Yeah. If we figured out how to fix this money thing,

we'd have money for free education for everybody on the planet, for free healthcare, for social services, for the needy among us, we'd be able to create a very vibrant economy and society rather than being burdened by this food-caused epidemic of chronic disease. It's kind of as if on one level, we've got this the wrong way around. We're accepting the food system the way it is and saying, okay, that's the food system. We need to pour more money into this system because it's not working. You know, in the UK, the National Health Service, we need to pour more money into the National Health Service. But actually, it looks so, you know, we're both interested against the root cause of our patients' problems.

But actually, the root cause of many of society's problems, from what you're saying- It's also food. It's food. Yeah, let's go into it. So we've got the chronic disease epidemic. We've got the economic burden. Let's talk about some of the social justice issues around this. Well, I think what we'll tie in really nicely there is something you said, which is,

I realize that for many of my patients, it's not their fault. Now, I think that was really poignant because when people talk about healthy food choices, a lot of people on social media, a lot of people in the media still think it is the person's fault. They know what they should be doing. They're simply not following the advice. They need more willpower. They need to get a grip of their life it's not good enough but i guess what you're saying is it's not their fault why do so many people think it is their fault and why do you think it's not their fault that's a great question so the reason people think it's their fault is because we've been told by doctors nutritionists our governments and of course the food industry that all calories are the same.

That calories in, calories out, exercise more, eat less, you'll lose weight. And if you don't do it, it's your fault. That all calories are the same, it's just about moderation. And that 20-ounce soda with 250 calories is exactly the same as eight and a half cups of broccoli with 250 calories. I mean, even a five-year-old can get that's ridiculous, but that's exactly the message out there. And when all calories are the same, then, you know, there's a sense of, well, just, you know, control yourself, right? Control yourself. It's your fault. But the truth is we know from the science that not all calories are the same and ultra processed food calories affect the body, the brain and metabolism very differently. So what are ultra processed food calories affect the body the brain and metabolism very differently

so what are ultra processed foods for people who are listening to this it's pretty much everything in the supermarket in the middle isles it's packaged food it's it's refined foods it's white flour it's white sugar it's high fructose carbs trans fats all the food additives the chemicals that are in food when you buy a package or processed food, it's basically what's made by the food industry. It's the opposite of whole foods, right? Yes. I mean, I make it really simple. When I teach in churches, I say, you know, it's really simple to know what to eat. Leave the food that man made, eat the food that God made. Did God make a Twinkie? No. Did God make an avocado? Yeah. Does it have an ingredient list? It's probably not good to eat now of course there

are some foods that are simple ingredient lists such as sardines olive oil and salt or tomatoes water and salt or you know there's stuff that you can buy that's canned or packaged that is real food but most of them are not and what's true and this is this is this is validated with over 300 interviews with food industry insiders, whistleblowers, food scientists. It was done by Michael Moss. These foods are designed to be biologically addictive. They have craving and experts that work in taste institutes to create the bliss point of food, the quote bliss point of food designed to create what they call heavy users.

These are their internal terms that they use within the food industry. They know actually how to create that perfect mouthfeel, that perfect brain hook where your brain is literally addicted. So it's like if I said to a patient, listen, I want you to hold your breath underwater for 10 minutes. I'm going to give you $5 million. Darn right, they're going to want to do that, but they won't be able to do that, Right. And it's the same thing when we're eating these foods, they alter our brain chemistry and our hormones in a way that affects our ability to control our behavior. And if you shut that off, it changes everything. So I'll just tell you a quick story about this woman, Janice, who came to our center, the Center for Functional Medicine at Cleveland and joined one of our groups. And she was 66.

She had type 2 diabetes. She demanded insulin for 10 years. She had a body mass index of 43, which is very overweight. 25 or less is normal. 30 is obese. She was 43. She had high blood pressure, heart failure. Kidneys were starting to fail.

Her liver was starting to fail. And she was on a boatload of medications, blood thinners, blood pressure medications, cholesterol meds, diuretics, you name it, she was on it. And her whole life, I mean, she was a very educated woman, but her whole life, she had never learned about food. She grew up in a home that all they ate was packaged and processed food. She grew up in a home where they didn't cook. And she was just focused on her career and her life and was doing really great things but it was really on her way out and we just literally put her on a whole foods anti-inflammatory detoxifying diet basically similar to the 10-day detox diet the book that i wrote which is very low in starch and sugar within three days she was off her insulin in

three months she was off all her medications her blood sugar was normal her a1c went from 11 to five and a half which as a doctor you know is extremely dramatic and i mean that just to put in context of people listening that's from being a very very poorly controlled type 2 diabetic to not actually going into the pre-diabetic range actually into the normal range yeah and then her then her heart failure, which by the way, heart failure never reverses in conventional medicine. You can manage it with medications. Her ejection fraction was 35%.

If it's under 30, you're headed towards a heart transplant. And it went up to 50 after her three months. And her kidney failure, she was on her way to dialysis, reversed. Just using the power of food and putting her in a group setting where she was given support and education and knowledge wow without that is so inspiring and she lost she lost over the course of a year 116 pounds and now has her life back and is off all medication and saved about twenty thousand dollars in co-pays for her medication and i don't know what her insurance company was paying.

Yeah. I mean, Mark, you have got countless stories like that because you have been talking about using food as medicine for years now. I remember before I even got into this way of thinking, I was reading blogs that you'd been writing and thinking, wow, this is incredible. I wonder if that will work if I try that. Yeah, it does. You can see how impassioned you are talking about this. But you mentioned the addictive qualities of foods. And I think it reminds me of a conversation I had recently on the podcast with Professor Felice Jacker. You may not know her, but you'll be familiar with her work. She was in charge of the first randomized control trial, the SMILES trial that was done in Australia to look at whether diet can improve depression.

Moon and depression. Yeah. I know that study. Exactly. 67 patients. She showed that the group who changed their diet to a modified Mediterranean diet after 12 weeks had above a 30% remission rate compared to only 8% in the control group, which is social support. And when I spoke to her on my podcast, I also mentioned to her that my cousin, who's in his late 20s, he's now working, he drives to work

every day in his car. And he says when he's driving home after a busy day's work, there is one roundabout in particular where there is a KFC. And he says, I can smell the food every time I go through that roundabout. And I can't always resist. I will often succumb to that smell. He should put his windows up and the recirculation button on his car so he doesn't get that smell. But what's interesting is that you mentioned the taste of these foods is formulated in such a way that they almost have that sort of addictive quality to them. Not almost, actually measurable on brain scans, looking at the part of the brain that's affected, just like heroin or cocaine. It's not an emotional addiction. It's a biological addiction.

Wow. Do you know much about the smell of these foods whether it can do similar things i bet it can i mean i i've been succumbing and sometimes i was at a very stressful trip and i was coming back from somewhere and it was i was my flame was delayed and i was gonna get it two in the morning and i'd see patients the next day and i felt sorry for myself and there was a cinnabon stand and they blow the, like, I think they have a fan where they blow the smell towards you. And I just went and had a Cinnabon, but yeah, it was terrible. I felt horrible after. Yeah. But you're just showing that we're all human. We can know as much as we want about the right food choices. You clearly know about the right food choices, but even you

are susceptible when life gets tough, when you're when you're tired if the food environment around you is blowing out that smell is um you know tempting you with their offerings ultimately it's going to be very hard to make those good choices that's why we have to change the food system that's why this book food fix is for me such an important part of how i think about the world now and And I think about, yes, you know, it's about obesity and diabetes and chronic disease, but also it's about mental health, as you said. And even in our kids, you know, we see our kids not functioning well. One in 10 kids have attention deficit. 40% of our kids in America are overweight in school. We have increasing amounts of performance issues. We have what we call an achievement gap. We're 31st in

the world in education, math and reading and so forth. We're worse than Vietnam. And the reason is because it's affecting our kids' brains and their cognitive function. This is well documented. These kids are nutritionally deficient. And the kids who grew up in poor environments or don't have adequate high quality nutrition, their brains are 10% smaller, their IQ points, seven points lower. We've literally lost millions of IQ points in our children. You mentioned kids who are growing up in poor environments, so these deprived communities, and we know full well what the research says about people living in areas of lower socioeconomic status. Is the way the food industry is set up, does it

unfairly penalize those with the least in society? So when we look at the social injustice around food, it's massive. You know, when you look at how the food industry targets poor minorities, it's disproportionate. So they're targeting them with more ads and more marketing. And they're providing their communities with more of these foods, such as soda and processed food. And it has a big impact on them. African-Americans are 80% more likely to get diabetes. They're four times more likely to get kidney failure.

They're three and a half more times more likely to get amputations. And these communities are being targeted by the food industry in direct ways. And then there's accessibility to important environments where there's no grocery stores, where there's, you know, convenience stores and no produce stores. Yeah. So for seven years, Mark, I worked in a place called Oldham in North Manchester in the UK. And it was in right at the center of Oldham. And the practice was in quite a deprived area, what most people would consider a deprived area. Most of my patients were certainly on very low incomes. Many were working two jobs. But what was interesting is these guys really cared about themselves and their families.

They were trying to make the best decisions. And I think it's really important to highlight this because I think a lot of blame gets put on people who are struggling with their health and they're making certain food choices. But I saw firsthand how, for example, I would usually bring my lunch into work with me. On the rare occasion where I forgot to bring it, sometimes I think okay i'm just going to go and walk and buy something it certainly is not like santa monica where we're recording this podcast which is probably the wellness capsule in the world where it's super

easy to buy something healthy yes right i would walk for about a mile in diameter around that practice and i struggled to find anything because there, there was at least seven or eight fried chicken and kebab shops with big signs on there saying something like, you know, £1.99, eat as much as you can. You know, that's what, £2. That's what, maybe about $3. It's very hard to compete with that. And I thought, I thought I can give them the best advice that I possibly can, but they're moving into an environment where it's simply too difficult day and day out to make those healthy choices. In addition, they,

they, I found were very trusting of the government and the supermarkets. So when I explained to them about certain breakfast cereals that they were having in the morning, it was all sugar. Yeah. They were shocked. Yeah.

And they said, well, yeah, but why are they being sold in the supermarket? So picture of you know heart it says heart's healthy on it because there's no fat no no but what's interesting for me mark is that these guys were trying their best yeah they literally were shocked when i was telling this information so when we think that everyone knows this stuff now they don't And it is these deprived areas which are getting hit the hardest. Absolutely.

I remember when I was helping with this movie Fed Up, which was released a few years ago. Yeah, I saw it. Food industry and sugar on the health of our nation. There was a family that I worked with and they lived in one of the worst food deserts in America. They were very overweight. The father was 42, already had kidney failure on dialysis from diabetes at 42. The mother was severely overweight. The son was severely overweight at 16, had almost diabetes and struggled.

And they lived in a trailer on food stamps and disability. They were trying to lose weight because the father couldn't get a new kidney until he lost 40 pounds. But they didn't know what to do. And they were eating all this stuff that they thought was healthy, like Cool Whip, because it had zero trans fats, which is basically all trans fats and sugar. It just basically threw a loophole in the government that allowed them to actually say zero trans fat. They had processed salad dressings. They use iceberg lettuce. They didn't never knew how to cook. They didn't have any utensils. They didn't have knives,

cutting knives. They didn't have cutting boards. So I said, well, rather than me giving you a lecture on, you know, how to eat healthy, let's just go into your kitchen. Let's get some groceries and make simple food. We had turkey chili. We made a salad from like real lettuce and real vegetables and olive oil and vinegar dressing. We roasted some sweet potatoes with some herbs. We made a salad from like real lettuce and real vegetables and olive oil and vinegar dressing. We roasted some sweet potatoes with some herbs. We stir fried some asparagus. They didn't know how to do any of that. They didn't know how to roast. They didn't know how to saute. They didn't know how to nothing. And what vegetables they had were canned green beans and iceberg lettuce. And that was pretty much it. Everything else was from a box or a package. And they really didn't know. And I said, here's what is going on. And I took everything out of the cupboard. I showed them everything. I covered over the front of the boxes and said,

what is this? They couldn't tell by looking at the ingredient list. I said, it's all the same stuff, just in different size, shapes, and colors. And they were so eager. And I said, let's cook a meal together. So, we sat together, we cooked, we talked, we had fun. They loved the food. It was delicious. And I said, look, you guys can do this. Here's a cookbook. Here's a guide on eating well for less, you know, good food on a tight budget. And I didn't know what was going to happen. And the first week she texted me back, we lost 18 pounds as a family. Within a year, the mother lost about a hundred pounds. The son lost 50, gained it back by working at a fast food restaurant, which is only place to work down

there. But eventually he got his act together. He lost 138 pounds. He asked me for a letter of recommendation for medical school. And now he's in medical school. Wow. You know, which is just staggering and amazing. And we have, you know, the ability to actually do this if people understand what's going on. But most people don't understand that they're being taken advantage of,

that they're being targeted. The system is set up for them to fail. And it's not an accident. You know, we have, I was sort of alluding to the reason we have these policies is because the food industry controls the government. They spend half a billion dollars just on our farm bill in the US, which controls our food and ag policy. There's 100% of the Senate and House Ag Committee members are on the take from Big Food and Big Ag in terms of campaign donations. Who do you think they're going to support? Corporate interests or citizens? And it's really unfortunate. The policies we have are so destructive. I'll just go through them. One, you know, we support the growing of commodity foods, corn, soy, and wheat, which gets turned into processed foods. We make it cheap to have processed food.

It's high fructose corn syrup. I mean, the vice chairman of Pepsi said when I asked him why do you use high fructose corn syrup, he said because the government makes this too cheap for us not to use it. And I said, you know, we have policies that allow unlimited marketing of junk food to our children and the rest of us where it's proven to cause harm. The FDA makes food labels, the Federal Food and Drug Administration. They're so confusing that the average person can't understand them and doesn't prohibit the use of toxic chemicals that are used in our food supply, which are mostly banned in Europe. Things like BHT and other things. We have policies that support food stamps. In other words, not only are we helping grow the food that's the bad food,

but then we provide it to our poor with $75 billion a year in food stamps, $7 billion of which is soda, and Coca-Cola's major source of American revenue, 20% of it, comes from food stamps that is so they're the biggest welfare queen could you for for a lot of my uk listeners could you explain what food stamps are yeah food stamps basically food assistance if you're poor and there are 46 million americans who need food support because they're basically you know it's like a card credit card that you can go buy food with uh and they can't afford to buy food so the government gives them money to do it but it's all processed food and one in four children in this country depend on food stamps so it seems

it seems maddening this because on one hand you've got potentially the government doing a good thing which is okay you can't afford food we're going to help you. But with the other hand, they're supporting, if I understand this right, they're supporting the wrong food choices or the unhelpful food choices. So they could keep the food stamp system, but encourage whole foods, instead of processed foods.

And then suddenly, you're helping these communities out and supporting their health. And it's been shown, you could save billions of dollars and hundreds of thousands of deaths by incentivizing good food and de-incentivizing bad food. But they won't happen because the government is so locked up with the food industry. Mark, I want to ask you a

question. In all the years I've known you and seen you speak, you've always been very passionate about getting to the root cause of problems. you've always been extremely passionate about how powerful food is yeah but i don't think i've ever seen you this impassioned about a particular topic and it's really and i'm just getting started yeah but it's really interesting for me is that you you've dived deep into the research on this over the last few years. I know that when writing this book, you sort of lock yourself away. You've actually really trying to understand systemically what is going on here. Has what you have found, is that what's driving this, this new sort of supercharged passion? Has that made you angry? It has made me angry because, well, it made me angry. It it has made me angry because well it made me angry it's also

made me optimistic because if we can identify and name the problem we can do something about it you know we talk about climate change people go i get climate change but nobody's talking about the impact of the food system not just on chronic disease and the economy and our kids brains and mental health even violence you know we know is linked to yeah bad food and prisons violent prisoners can reduce violent crime in prisons by 56 just by eating a healthy diet but we also know that it's destroying our environment our climate that food the food system is the number one cause of climate change people don't get that people don't understand that that when you put it all together whether it's deforestation soil erosion erosion, factory farming, whether it's food waste, processing, distribution, refrigeration of food, all that together makes the food system the number one cause of climate change.

It's not driving electric car. We've got to fix the food system. Well, let's get into climate change because it's clearly a topic that is at the tip of many people's tongues these days. It's a very hot political agenda. There have been many documentaries made on what is driving climate change. But it's also a bit like the diet wars in terms of what foods we should be eating. The climate change wars, potentially it can be quite polarizing in terms of, you know, what foods are driving this. And I know, you know, I don't know how much you've

gone into that, you know, what are those foods that are driving it? And I wonder whether we could broaden out that discussion in terms of soil health, regenerative agriculture, you know, climate change, what are the foods that are driving this and how do we change it? Yeah, great question. So, you know, I think we've pretty much gotten into this conversation that meat is the cause of climate change that that we should not eat meat and i'll be vegans and that would solve climate change would it depends and it's a more nuanced answer so factory farming of animals absolutely is a significant contributor to climate change, whether it's 10%, 14%, it's a significant contributor. Why? Because factory farming of animals,

it's not just about the methane burps from the cows. It's about the way we grow the food that feeds the cows. So we grow a lot of corn through industrial processes that destroy the soil, which use up enormous water resources that depends on huge amounts of fossil fuel dependent things like fertilizer, which takes a lot of energy to make herbicides and pesticides, which are fossil fuel derived. And so we have a real problem. And then all the factory farming of animals also drives huge amounts of methane in the environment. So you've got this whole problem of factory farming of animals.

But as a friend of mine said, it's not the cow, it's the how. So when you look at one of the biggest drivers of climate change, it's the loss of soil. We think of the rainforest, but the soil on the earth is a far bigger carbon sink than all the rainforests. Well, let's dive into that because I think a lot of people listening to this will not be familiar with this. What does the soil do? Why is soil health so important for the environment but also for human health? So we have lost huge amounts of soil. So we lose about 2 billion tons of soil every year, 200,000 tons an hour. We lose farmland the size of North

Korea or Nicaragua to desert every year. Soil, if it's healthy, not the soil that we now have in America because we've lost so much soil. We've lost a third of all the soil on the planet for farming because of the way we grow food. We basically till it and then we pour these chemicals into it that destroy the organic matter of the soil. Now, organic matter is basically carbon. It's carbon in the soil. How does it get there? Through a very powerful, the most powerful technology in the planet to reduce carbon. It's called photosynthesis. It's this ancient technology. It's called be nature.

That sucks carbon out of the environment. What do plants and grasses breathe? They breathe carbon dioxide and they suck it in and then they build plant material, right? They build carbon. It goes into the soil. Every 1% of carbon in the soil, of organic matter in the soil, will help to draw down carbon. And it'll also help to restore water in the soil. 1% organic matter in the soil leads to an extra 27,000 gallons of water that can be stored in there. Why are we having droughts and floods and wildfires?

Because the soil can't hold the water anymore. So it either runs through it or it just kind of runs off it and that leads to this huge amounts of droughts and floods so organic matter in the soil is the thing we have to build and we've lost most of it in fact we had so many in america we had places with 50 feet of topsoil that's now almost gone because it was built by the bison and the elk 60 million bison we had places with 50 feet of topsoil that's now almost gone because it was built by the bison and the elk, 60 million bison. We had more ruminants running around America than we have cows. And there was no climate change from it. It wasn't that because they basically grazed the grass in a certain way, moving around frequently. They dug with their hoofs, they pooped and peed, and that's what builds soil. It uses natural fertilizer, right? The cows become part of the cycle. And I think, you know, regenerative

agriculture is the science of how do we build new soil as a solution to creating a healthy ecosystem, to dealing with our scarce water resources, to increasing biodiversity, which we all depend on, to, I mean, we've lost 75% of our pollinator species because of all the chemical agriculture. And Einstein said that if we lose bees off the face of the earth, humans have four years to live. So you say it's not the cow, it's the how. So therefore, has your research basically shown that if we go, I guess, to more traditional ways, or I don't know if we have to find new ways. It's almost mimicking nature, right? Mimicking how natural herds moved around. These big herds

moved around in concentrated groups. They would not graze the grass to the nub. They would kind of graze it down halfway. They'd move along, they'd poop and pee, and they kept doing this. This is what built the soil. So when we look we look for example at life cycle analysis that was done by quantis of both a gmo soy burger was actually the impossible burger compared to a regenerative farms grass-fed regenerally raised beef burger they found that while the impossible burger was far better than a feedlot burger in terms of its carbon emission carbon footprint it added three and a half kilos of carbon to the environment so it was net it was a net add of carbon and greenhouse gases to the environment by eating an impossible burger or gmo soy burger the grass-fed burger pulled out three and a half kilos of carbon from the atmosphere okay okay wait so you basically have to eat one regeneratively raised grass-fed burger to offset the carbon emissions of a soy

burger that is mind-blowing actually that's exactly what the words this is in my opinion this is a independent scientific group that analyze both of those so so just to clarify that essentially what this research is saying is that an impossible burger is better than a feedlot burger. So a convention, you know, these sort of factory farmed burgers. So on that, if you make an argument between those two, yes, an impossible burger is better. For sure. But if you compare an impossible burger to a... Regenerally raised grass fed burger.

Then that is better for the environment than the impossible burger to a um generally raised grass-fed burger then that is better for the environment than the impossible burger now that is not the narrative that is being played out in the media at the moment and i guess and the question is well is that also on purpose is that also part of this big uh structural problem with the food industry it's huge yeah it's huge i mean i think yes we should be finding know, other alternatives and protein sources. That's great. But it's also a highly processed industrial food. And when we talk about growing the soy, what does that mean? Well, we're growing soy in jar and large monocrop fields.

Often these are rainforests that have been destroyed and taken down. Although I don't know if they use they may use american sources the amount of fertilizer destroys the soil and the organic matter in the soil it off gases greenhouse gases it takes a lot of energy fossil fuels to produce and it runs off into the rivers and lakes and oceans. In fact, in the Gulf of Mexico, there's a dead zone the size of New Jersey that kills 212,000 metric tons of fish every year. There are 400 dead zones like that across the world in areas of coastal areas that feed half a billion people on the planet.

And if you put them all together, it would be the size of Europe. That's just a nitrogen fertilizer. And then let's talk about the herbicides and the pesticides. They also kill pollinator species and the biodiversity in the soil, and they don't promote organic matter. So they kill the organic matter in the soil. So you end up with, then the soil needs massive amounts of irrigation because it can't hold water. We have 70% of human use of fresh water is for irrigation of crops mostly for animal production so we have water depletion which we're losing our water resources we have the the killing of the soil we have the polluting of our lakes and rivers we have

the loss of biodiversity when you're eating your impossible burger now that is a shock right for most people to hear because it sounds like it's a soy burger, grass fed and all that. Or I mean the gym, it's a, you know, plant-based burger, but it's, you know, it's not as simple as that. And when you look at the, the ecosystem services that are provided by a regenerative farm, it's massive. So there's, there's been huge investments now in buying up old regular farms and converting them to grass-fed or regenerative farms because they provide so much benefit. So we are- So they provide an economic benefit as well. Yes. So we provide- So that's important. If this is going to be part of the solution,

it has to also be an economic benefit. That's the harsh reality of life. We use about, I don't know, it's $120 trillion a year of ecosystem services from the planet. We're basically extracting these and using them. Whereas regenerative agriculture can actually provide value. It increases the biodiversity of the soil. It increases the water retention. It increases the organic matter. It sucks carbon out of the environment.

And it's been estimated, I mean, that the soil can hold three times the amount of carbon is in the atmosphere today and if you actually were to scale this up and it needs to be scaled up then it could literally draw down all the carbon from the industrial revolution i mean are we essentially saying if we fix the soil, the solution's under our feet. We fix our health. We fix the food industry. We fix climate change. Yes, because not only are you growing different kinds of food, the food you're growing is so much more nutrient dense. Why do plants get nutrients? They get it from the soil.

If you don't have the right microbes in the soil, you can't extract the minerals and vitamins from the soil. We know that our plants, even if they're healthy, organic plants have 50% less nutrient levels than they did 50 years ago. And that's, that's something really important for many of us to remember. And I've seen plenty of data supporting this, that, you know, the broccoli from 2019 is not the same broccoli as the one in 1970 in terms of the nutrients available. So we could be trying our best and trying to eat as many vegetables as we can, trying our best, if we can afford it to go for this organic, these organic vegetables, but we still are not getting the nutrients that pretty much everyone was getting 40, 50 years ago. And the problem is, you know, that there are basically a couple of dozen companies

that control the food system. The big food companies, the big ag and processing companies, the agrochemical companies, the seed companies, the fertilizer companies. There's just a few companies that have massively consolidated. There used to be over 100 seed companies 30 years ago. Now there's like four, you know, big ones that control 60% of our food.

Well, you mentioned all these pesticides and herbicides that are getting used and the damage that's causing to the soil but i was reading um bits of your book where i think you were suggesting that being a farmer in the united states is quite a dangerous job yes so as well as the systemic implications of this what are the implications for that individual farmer well this is another part of the social injustice issue you know there's many aspects of that but you know food and farm workers were excluded from their labor act that was developed in the 30s to create fair labor standards in the united states minimum wage and working conditions and so forth why Why? Because most of the food and farm workers were former slaves. So they

weren't protected. And that has carried over even now, you know, 80 or 90 years later, we're seeing lack of protection. So the average, you know, food worker may make $2 an hour and depend on tips. They make, make you know minimum wage or less and they're unable to take care of their own health care they're unable to provide their food services many of the the these workers have to be on food stamps or food assistance and the farming itself is highly dangerous uh they are are i mean the pesticides the chemicals they use the working conditions i mean you see pictures i think of strawberry farmers wearing face masks on gas masks yeah the whole the whole thing is covered whilst they're spraying pesticides and the food workers i mean it's you know working in a in a big chicken factory

for example processing chickens it's like a one step after the other repetitive motion injuries they even don't let them go to the bathroom and they come to work in diapers so next time you're having your factory farm chicken think of that food worker who's can't even go to the bathroom and has to pee in a diaper because she can't leave the food line think about that yeah mark this is um this really changes the conversational food really doesn't it because it's not so personal it's a political yeah it is it's not just political economical you know yes health but even i think i saw this on twitter recently actually someone i can't remember who it was who wasn't a huge believer in organic food actually tweeted something i wish i could remember who it was and said actually you know what i was

wrong because i didn't realize the implications it had on those individual farmers. Oh, yeah. And I was just thinking about my own health. And that's a separate story, which if we had time, we can go into. But he said, actually, I realized how selfish I was being because actually the implications

for that individual farmer is huge. And I think- And they're kids, kids you know the data has been looked at but the pesticide exposure in these in these groups has led to a loss of 41 million iq points in these kids we're literally sacrificing the minds of our future generation we're destroying the intellectual capital of our society. I think that this appears to be, I think it's a global problem. But from what I see, and I'm interested as to where the bulk of your research has been on this, is this more of a problem in the United States than anywhere else in the world?

Well, like the United States, it leads in many things things but it's not just the united states it's everywhere it's global 80 of the world's type two diabetics in the developing world china and india are number one and two in diabetes we're seeing you know africa being inundated with the fast food companies taking over it's aspirational it's a sign of affluence to eat at kfc in ghana you know it's and they they are controlling the narrative and manipulating the science all around the world. In Malaysia, you know, they're partnering with, quote, nutrition scientists to produce research that shows that the products are healthy. And it's interesting. I just had a thought as you were talking about that these so-called developing countries, which I guess is a in many ways a misnomer now.

And we've seen I think China and India are gonna probably gonna be more developed than we are here um but I remember as a kid when I used to go to Calcutta and India every every other summer we'd go for six weeks because my family you know all my aunts and uncles that's a rough place so well it's a beautiful place actually and we you know but yes there's a lot of um there's a lot of poverty, a lot of problems there. But I remember as a kid going there and in the summer, in our British summer, in July and August, the schools were still running. So I'd go see my cousins, but they'd be going to school. And I remember in the morning, breakfast would be served and they had proper meals.

Yeah. So, you know, meal would be prepared. There'd be like two or three vegetable curries, maybe a bit of fish, maybe some chapati breads, maybe a bit of rice. But they had a proper meal before they went to school. Yeah. And I used to think this is so different because, you know, I have a quick bowl of cereal that takes two minutes to prepare. If that probably takes 30 seconds to pour the milk over and eat that. And I didn't really realize the significance of it at the time.

But now as I reflect and now when I go back, I'm not being for a few years, but culture has changed. What you said about the middle class is aspiring to this western way of living now they're too busy now they don't want a proper meal they want the quick cereal and you see the big adverts everywhere that you know the food companies have come in they're advertising how healthy these foods are um they want the quick highly processed bread that you can put in the toaster for 20 seconds it's toasted and you can slap on some jam and then get out to work quickly. And it's amazing that actually, you know, this was only like 20 years ago, 25 years ago, where they were having the middle classes in India were having these proper meals before they went out for the day. Whereas now they've aspired for this,

what they consider this Western ideal. And it's quite striking how quickly that's changed. It's true. And you know, the good news though, you know, in researching the book is there's a lot of bad news, but the good news is that there is a lot that can be done to fix this problem. That's why I call the book food fix, because there are solutions that citizens can do in terms of choosing what they eat in terms of composting. For example, food waste is a huge issue. This third largest emitter of greenhouse gases, if it were a country after US and China, we have ways we can influence our choices with our wallets and our votes. So people often are cynical about the political process and voting, but it matters.

And we do have control. We can, there are grassroots movements and efforts happening all around. And I think there are a lot and efforts happening all around and i think there are a lot of things that people need to get involved and to actually change their personal life their personal health and their communities and that's really what food fix is about it's about outlining what those solutions are and how to do them so you sound as well as sounding impassioned and almost you know i, I wouldn't say angry, angry is the wrong word, but certainly frustrated. A little frustrated.

There's a real... Wake up, everybody. This is happening. There's a real notes of optimism here. And I think let's go into the optimism because I think if people are listening to this and they're affected by this and they think, yeah, well, actually, okay, fine. I can't maybe influence the political system, although maybe there is a way that they can absolutely

you can but on an individual level let's talk about some of the things they can do and i tell you on a personal level as i've been reading more about uh factory farming as i've understood it more yeah sure the financial case the the political case, but just the moral and ethical case around it in terms of how animals are treated. There's a Thai restaurant near to where we live where, you know, sometimes my wife and my kids will go out and eat there. We like the food there. And I, in the past, maybe a few years ago, would have had, let's say, Pad Thai chicken noodles. Okay. But recently the last couple of years, I will now no longer have that because I know that the chicken being served there,

I don't think is a high quality. I don't think, uh, I think it's factory farms. I'm, I'm, they're very unclear on where this chicken comes from. And so, you know, you could say we should, um, boycott the restaurant. Okay. You, you can make that case, but we, we don't, you know, you could say we should boycott the restaurant. Okay. You can make that case, but we don't, we go, but I will have a, you know, I'll have the vegetarian pad thai noodles now. So I won't support and pay for something on the menu as much as I possibly can that actually is going to support that industry. And I feel I'm doing a little bit, you know, I had this conversation a few weeks ago and my kids, they wanted the chicken. And I said, look guys, you bit, you know, I had this conversation a few weeks ago

with my kids, they wanted the chicken. And I said, look guys, you know, do you know where that chicken comes from? Do you know what is happening? Do you still want that chicken? And look, I'm not saying I'm doing this the right way with my kids, but I think kids are the future. And I think if we can teach and have these conversations with our kids, then they're going to see this from a young age. And they were like, yeah, actually daddy will have the vegetarian one as well. How much of a difference does a simple choice for a family of four like that actually make? It can make a difference. I mean, imagine if everybody in the world decided for one day, they were going to not eat any processed food or any fast food don't you think that would have a big impact on the

global markets i think i think we have more influence than we believe and i think it all starts with grassroots efforts and movements so people start demanding things it changes i mean i got a text today because i did a podcast with tom newmark about the carbon underground, which is essentially about carbon underground, meaning getting the soil full of carbon again. And I talked about regenerative agriculture and how important it is. I talked about the fact that General Mills was sort of guilted and forced into committing a million acres to be converted to regenerative ag. And the person who texted me works at Nestle. And she says says i'm going to bring this to ceo of nestle would you be willing to meet with the ceo of nestle to talk about these issues

and get them to start changing their supply change because because if these companies start it can make a big difference and and not everybody has that ability to make those levers that i maybe can but it's possible there's a guy named jeremy k, who was a, is a business guy from the UK who, who aggregated $12 trillion in assets from institutional investors and pension funds and said, look guys, we're going to try to end factory farming of animals. First, we're going to start with antibiotics. We're going to go to the top 20 fast food companies who we are all invested in. And we're going to tell them we're going to divest. If you don't stop antibiotics by this date from all your food, like McDonald's and Burger King and all that stuff. And they did.

And it worked. So there are levers that can be pulled in the system, whether it's through business, whether it's through the market from the bottom up. You know, the groundswell is pushing companies to do the right thing into sustainability, into thinking about their communities and they want i mean i think there is more consciousness now happening in those companies because they're hearing it from you know the consumers who want this and so the consumer demand is driving the marketplace yeah so the more the more we all can make these choices the more people listening to this can go okay you know what i'm going to see what small difference i can make in my life that's going to have a significant knock-on effect you know there's i mean we're all like see the growth in electric cars i mean that is going to replace the combustion engine very soon why because

consumers and people are demanding it yeah same thing can happen with food you mentioned um prisons before yeah and i found that really interesting both you and I have spoken to Dan Buettner on our podcasts, the chap who has studied extensively these so-called blue zones around the world, these areas of high longevity, these longevity hotspots. And what's striking about that is that a lot of people are, you know, debating what are the various components of that but one thing that seems to be really consistent is that the environment is set up in such a way

that it makes the healthy choice the easy choice yeah right and right you mentioned a statistic something like if you if you serve healthy food in a prison yeah what it was 50 something percent they basically were looking at you know you talked about the smile study about the effect of food on depression and we know mental illness is really driven by a lot of nutritional deficiencies in in violence and behavior change we don't really think about it that way but in prisons they've done randomized trials where they put half the group on a healthy diet, half the group on the same prison diet who are violent criminals, violent in prison, and they reduce violent crime by 56%. And if they added a multivitamin, they reduced it by 80%. And I remember once coming home from, I mean, coming into my office at work and there was a letter, a handwritten letter that

was from a prisoner in prison who said, Dr. Hyman your book in prison i changed my diet and i don't know how we did it in prison he said i realized my whole life as a violent criminal was because of what i was eating i feel like a completely different person so that is powerful isn't it that is so incredibly powerful to see the power of foods yeah there is something going on in the UK at the moment, actually, which I'm just going to bring up here. And a lot of people are getting quite annoyed and very frustrated with the term food as medicine or food as medicine.

It's really interesting. Yeah. And I know they have a quarrel with Hippocrates. Huh? Yeah. I know my thoughts on it. And I think they're probably very similar to yours. But maybe it's just be a nice little offshoot here to touch on, you know, these stories you're mentioning, the SMILES trial, this prisoner who wrote to you, all the countless case studies you've got and I've got, you know, is food medicine?

Absolutely. I mean, there is no doubt about it. William Lee just wrote a book called Eat to Beat Disease, who's a Harvard physician. Yeah, I'm not ready. I've seen it everywhere. I've not actually read that book yet. It's really brilliant.

But he showed a slide. And these very sophisticated analyses testing food components compared to drug components. So a blood pressure drug, a cholesterol drug, you know, heart failure drug, whatever the drug is, and looked at various food components and how it compared in terms of the effectiveness using very sophisticated models for testing these in biology. And they found that almost every single time food beat out the drug in terms of effectiveness. Wow.

And what food is far more than calories, as I was talking about, not all calories are the same. That's the biggest myth that's perpetuating everything. Because in the fast food world, if all calories are the same, it doesn't matter if it's KFC or soda or french fries, as long as you balance your calories, it doesn't matter what you eat. That's not true because food is information. So, we know that food influences the body in multiple ways. One, it changes gene expression. You literally can turn on or off genes by what you eat. If you eat broccoli, you can turn on genes that help you detoxify and produce glutathione,

right? If you eat green tea, drink green tea, you increase the level of catechins, which have the ability to detoxify heavy metals and activate various enzymes. If you eat the right foods, you can balance your hormones. If you eat the wrong foods, you eat too much insulin, your testosterone goes down. If you eat too much sugar, if you eat the right fats, it's the opposite. If you look at what it does to your brain chemistry, you can either hijack your brain chemistry. It can make you calm and peaceful in your mood. It can change your microbiome. You literally have trillions of bacteria in your gut that control almost every

function of your body. And when you eat the wrong foods, you grow the bad ones that make you sick. And when you eat the right foods, you grow the good ones that make you healthy. So literally with every bite in real time, you're changing your biochemistry, your physiology,

your genetics, every single minute of the day yeah yeah you're absolutely right i mean it is that powerful i mean this is not my opinion by the way this is just hard science yeah and i would extend that out of course we're talking about food but but even sleep there's a there's really good studies showing that a single night sleep deprivation changes the expression i think of over 700 genes you know that if you haven't slept well uh you you're the genes that actually predispose to inflammation the pro-inflammatory genes get turned on and the anti-inflammatory ones start getting switched off so our lifestyle

literally is medicine it's not just prevention of uh health problems it can often be used as the treatment as well and that's something that I think is still not recognized enough. It's still, it always comes down to prevention. And of course, prevention is better than cure, but you can use lifestyle a lot of the time as treatment as well. Like the story with Janice. I mean, we weren't preventing her heart failure, preventing her diabetes, preventing her high blood pressure. We were treating it with food and with lifestyle. So yes, food is medicine. Exercise is medicine. Sleep is medicine. Stress reduction is medicine. You know, connection and love is medicine. These are all medicines and they work well. And most importantly, this is the medicine we need primarily for the health problems of the 21st century.

That's the key. Maybe 30, 40 years ago, you know, what, maybe we didn't need these things as medicine in the same way. Maybe our conventional opinion of medicine, like a drug that we prescribe, you know, if you've got an acute problem and you come in with that, you know, I can understand where that rationale has come from but the health landscape of the us of the uk has changed dramatically so we now need these lifestyle tools as our medicine by the way twice as many people die from chronic lifestyle diseases as infectious disease not just here but globally yeah so even in africa they're suffering the double burden of malnutrition and obesity.

I mean, exactly. It's slightly ironic in many ways. And it's, I think not calling food medicine, I think is doing our patients a disservice because then it's not put on the same level or a higher level than let's say the pharmaceutical drug that we might have to offer. And I think that's the danger when we don't talk about it in these terms. I mean, listen, what happened to Jess? There's no drug on the planet that can do that. There's no drug on the planet that can reverse your need for insulin in three days or can reverse your heart failure or can reverse your kidney failure. They just don't exist. And food can do it. And I've seen it over and over again. I may sound like a crazy man, but the truth is, this is actually

what the science shows is actually what people who are using food in this way see all the time. Well, you know, you don't sound crazy. You know what you sound like? You sound like someone who has been practicing medicine for many years. How many years now? 32. 32 years of seeing tens of thousands of patients, you have seen firsthand the impact. And literally, you just sound someone to me who's just very passionate. You've seen it. You've seen the structural problems and you want to take on something that not many people are taking on. You're not writing another book. You've written many great books, but this feels very different to me. This has taken on the political structure, the economic structure. You're looking at food in a different way. And I think that's very, very important. And I want to thank you schools. So I'm a father, as you are.

I've got two young children. They're both at primary school at the moment. And what's interesting for me is that while my kids are a bit younger, you know, they're currently nine and six, I was okay at sort of, I won't say controlling, but I could sort of control in many ways. Yeah, you make your lunch, you feed them breakfast, you feed them dinner. Or what they're eating.

Yeah. And as my children are getting older, particularly my son now who's nine, and he's been exposed to more and more things, it's getting harder and harder. So, this may be controversial to some, but I'm going to share my view on this. So, on the final day of school last year, before the summer break, a lot of the teachers brought in Haribos for the kids what's that so haribos are very popular food make certainly in the uk of sweets candy basically i don't know if they're here you must have an equivalent here yeah these are bags of sweets that are very very

common now the reality is my kids don't eat that stuff because i've never given it to them um now you know a lot of people will probably say, well, I've, you know, that's too brutal. You need to expose them to this sort of stuff. And, you know, I, like all parents, I'm trying to do the best that I can. This is what I consider to be the best decision. Maybe time will tell that I was wrong, but I'm certainly trying to do the best that I can. You could have given them more junk food? No, but it's about trying to teach them a balance. And I just think the norm in society is so skewed away from health at the moment that fitting in with what is quite a sick society,

I don't think necessarily is biologically normal. I don't think it's the right thing. And so I'm trying to protect my kids as much as possible. Now, Jamie Oliver has been involved with trying to change various things in the UK. I helped him in his last campaign about junk food advertising. And I think that's something that is different in Europe compared to America. We do have some regulation around that. Maybe it's not perfect, but there is something still there.

Now, at the last meeting, I was down in Jamie's office where a lot of opinion makers were there. We were discussing this whole idea of schools being a safe zone. Yeah. Came up. Yeah. And for me, I really like that. Something I've been talking about for years.

That essentially a school or a hospital or even a prison, right? But, but let's get back to schools, particularly schools. I think schools should be the model educationally, but also health-wise. I genuinely don't see why there is a case in 2019 and 2020, why when we're facing this chronic disease epidemic, when in the UK, one in three kids leave primary school to go to secondary school at the age of 10 or 11

are either overweight or obese. I find it very hard to justify the case now where any school should be serving these sort of, these sweets, sugar sweetened beverages, packets of sweets, because what that also does is it normalizes the food it allows us to start associating reward and doing well with sweet food and you know what i had difficult conversations with my son my son said to me daddy why is everyone having a haribo at school i mean you've been telling me this isn't very good for my health but why is why is everyone giving it out and so what does that do this is another problem which is not getting spoken about enough mark is that if you are a parent who is trying to do the right thing with your children, you are then, you're then making your children social outcasts because they're not engaging

in a society that is actually engaging in a lot of unhealthy behaviors. I'm confused. Help me out, Mark. Well, you know, I don't know what it's like in the UK, but in the United States, schools have been infiltrated by the food industry. 80% of schools have contract with soda companies. 50% of schools sell brand name fast food at lunch. McDonald's, Burger King, Domino's Pizza. In schools.

In schools. I mean, I don't know if I'm in the UK. If anyone knows about that, please tweet me and Mark and let us know. Or let us know on Instagram. That would be super interesting to know. I went to a school. But I'm not aware of that. I went to an underserved school in Cleveland.

And it was a poor African-American Hispanic school. The 43% of kids are absent. 1%. 1% by the time they graduate are qualified to go to college i walked down the hall there was a young girl very overweight one hand she had a 32 ounce like a liter slushy and another 32 ounce or a liter soda in the other hand and you know these schools have fast um you know food in them and they have deep fryers and microwaves in the kitchen i walked through the kitchen there was not a stove you couldn't cook

food it all came out of boxes packages processed food burgers fries clearly this is a problem it's a problem for their health but but there's advertising it in school so that in the bathroom stalls there's like coca-cola it's everywhere in this where i see the problem mark is that yes that's bad for their health but i think the problem is deeper than that because what that does is that it almost ingrains the kids of course in a certain way of thinking while they're young while they're young absolutely that's the science of what they're young while they're young absolutely that's the science of what they're doing and they're deliberate and intentional about it and there are schools that are fighting back there's for example a friend of mine who's

created a program with the schools to rehab the kitchens to get local chefs to create great recipes that are within the school lunch budget and the school lunch guidelines and has revolutionized the boston city school district and the mayor is guidelines and has revolutionized the Boston City School District and the mayor is now involved and they literally have transformed schools and getting these kids eating real whole healthy food that they love. What about the parents who say that actually our kids should be allowed to be sweet treats at school? It's too draconian not allowing them to have this at school. What is your view there? Maybe they should just give them a few lines of cocaine in school along with their lunch or a little heroin booth there where they can get a

shot of heroin. I mean, listen, the science is so clear that these foods are harmful. They're deadly. They're addictive. Why would you give them to your kids? Yes, you can have a sweet treat. Yes, you can have sugar, of course, but make it from real food, not ultra processed food that's going to hijack your brain and your metabolism. Make a real cookie from butter and flour and sugar. That's fine. Did Michael Pollan say, eat whatever you want as long as you make it? Right. So, you want French fries, make your French fries at home. Yeah. Because it's different when you're making it yourself. And I think the problem also for me

is if schools do this, is that you take away a lot of the choice from parents. So, parents want to engage in a sweet treat with their children. Actually, if they're getting loads of it at school, then they're already going past their daily quota, if you even agree with daily quotas. But you're then taking away that choice. And I feel schools should be safe zones.

And then it's up to parents what they choose to do with their children outside school. That's the way I would like to see it go. Schools should be safe zones. Your home should be a safe zone. I mean, there's, you know, I once said to my, my son once said, you know, I want to invite some friends over. He says, but there's nothing to eat in the house, right? What he meant was there's no junk food. Yeah. So I'm like, all right, let's go to the grocery store. And there's only one rule. You can't buy anything with trans fat in it he went around and around and around couldn't find one

thing to buy i mean that's the problem so we can make a pizza at home and we did you know and that can be fun right we've done that with our kids you make a healthy pizza right you get the kids involved right you know put it in the oven they're engaged with that and i guess that's something we've not covered yet is you mentioned the political structure, the farming structure, the economic structure. But how important is teaching our children, teaching the population at large, one of the most basic human skills of all, which is how to cook? Yeah. I mean, I just wrote a cookbook called Food, What the Heck Should I Cook? And a lot of the cookbook is about, you know I just wrote a cookbook called Food, What the Heck Should I Cook? And a

lot of the cookbook is about, yeah, there's a lot of great recipes, but here's how you can just learn how to cook with the basic skills that you can put the ingredients together. You don't have a fancy recipe. And I think it's a crime that we have lost that. And it's not an accident. This is where I talk about the food industry. In the 50s in America, there was a woman named Betty who was an advocate for, she was a home economics teacher, and she was an advocate for teaching families how to cook food and how to prepare food and how to grow gardens. And she was really creating this great movement. The food industry freaked out.

And they said, look, they gathered all in Minnesota where the general mills headquarters was. They bring all the food companies and they basically colluded to decide that we're going to make convenience a value, right? You deserve a break today. Let us do the cooking for you, right? And so they created a cookbook called the Betty Crocker cookbook. Now you're probably not familiar with this cookbook, but there was a cookbook. My mother had it. Pretty much every family in America had this cookbook. And the cookbook was basically recipes that included processed food.

So it was like, take one bag of Ritz crackers and sprinkle it on your broccoli casserole, or add one can of Campbell's cream of mushroom soup to this or that. And so they were insinuating processed food. And then they came up with TV dinners. And then, you know, we moved into fast food. And now, you know, we had basically 2% of meals eaten outside the home in the turn of the last century. And now we have 50% of the meals eaten outside the home. And we have generations who don't know how to cook, really don't know how to cook anything. And it's pretty frightening. So, bringing that skill back is critical. I mean, how do we teach our kids things that often are irrelevant in school,

but don't teach them the three things that matter most? How to take care of your body and nutrition and cooking is part of that. How to have healthy relationships and how to manage your money. We don't learn any of that in school. Yeah. I mean, this is a great place to sort of close down this podcast. I think Mark, those are three great tips on what we should be teaching kids in school.

So there's many teachers who listen to this podcast. If you can actually go back to school, if you agree with those, let us know for, for, for one on social media. If you've got some new additions to that, that you think we haven't mentioned, please let us know on social media we'd love to hear from you

but in terms of we all can make a difference if you're a teacher and you go into your school if you're a parent you go into your school and you have these conversations with the headmaster with the parents committees you know I find the parents committee sometimes actually quite problematic because the whole fundraising system around everything revolves around sugar, revolves around treats. My wife and I literally, we were chatting about it just this past weekend. But this podcast, as we mentioned at the start, it's called Feel Better Live More. I genuinely believe that when we feel better in ourselves, Mark, we get more out of our lives. I always like to leave my listeners with actionable tips,

things that they can put into practice into their own life immediately to improve how they feel. Now, because of the topic we've covered today, which is basically what you've written about in your book, Food Fix, I wonder if we could do this in two parts. The first one is, if people feel inspired by what you said, I'd recommend for a start, people go out and buy this book because I think it will really, really force you to re-examine what you thought about food. I think it is so well researched. You've clearly spent a lot of time delving into this. So, thank you for that. But if people at home want to start making a difference to this structural food problem that exists, what are some top tips they can do?

Well, I think the first thing is, you know, change your diet so that you're eating real food. You know, don't participate in this junk food culture. Two, make your home a safe zone. Three, we didn't talk about it, but food waste is a big problem. So make a compost bucket in your kitchen. You can have a home composter. You can have in your backyard. You can have a garden. Four, if you're a parent, be a school activist. Get your schools to shift what's going on in there around healthy food.

And there's a lot of examples of how to do that. Five, if you work somewhere, get your workplace to be a safe zone too. At Cleveland Clinic, the CEO eliminated any sugar-sweetened beverages from the campus. It's possible. And also think about, you know, getting engaged with organizations that are making a difference in the food system and that are part of grassroots efforts. And there's a lot of them out there and I detail them in the book. And then lastly, vote with your vote. You know, being an activist politically where you actually can make a difference. You look at the voices that are heard out there that make a difference. Margaret Mead said, never doubt that a small group of committed citizens can change the world.

In fact, it's the only thing that ever has. And I think we should remember that because our actions matter. Our work matters. I mean, Greta Sternberg, the young girl who's like, you know, raising consciousness about climate change. She's 16 years old. She's raising her voice. She's going up against the powers that be. She's getting attention. Each one of us can be part of that, whether it's in our homes and our families and our schools and our workplaces, our communities, our faith-based communities, that's a place to start. And I think if people are interested in learning more about other ways

to get involved, they should check out the book food food fix because i do tell it in there as a real whole citizen's action guide mark i was going to go to the second part which is how to help people on an individual level but what's really striking is that if you make those changes that you just mentioned it's all connected it's all connected you will change your own health um what you do to your body you do to the planet what you do to the planet. What you do to the planet, you do to your body. It's a complete circle. We live in an ecosystem and we have to understand that everything is connected. In terms of just finishing off then on that second point, which is semi-irrelevant given what you just said. But I think someone like yourself who's written so many books on empowering people to take control of their health.

As you say, you've been seeing patients for over 30 years now. What are your top five tips that people can put into practice immediately? Read your book. I mean, you know, I hate to say it because, you know, we work really hard, but we make a good living and we're doing good work. But what we're telling people is just common sense. Eat real food. Exercise, sleep, learn how to deal with stress and learn how to connect to what matters in

your life and the people who you love and connect with. And then that will give you the vibrancy to be a contribution to society, to be able to be a voice for change, to be able to do the things in your community. If you feel like crap, you're not going to want to do anything at schools or do anything at work. You just want to go home and watch Netflix. But if you actually feel vibrant, if you, you know, what's your title again of the podcast? Feel better, live more. You can feel better to live more. And I think that's the purpose of it all. The purpose of it isn't some narcissistic purpose to, you know, look great on Instagram. It's really about how do you become engaged,

vibrant human being? How do you wake up every day full of life and joy and be present in your life for your relationships, for your kids, for the job that you're doing, for your family? That's what matters. Mark, what an inspiring place to finish. Thank you for all the great work that you've been doing over the years. Thank you for writing such a wonderful book. And thank you for joining me on the podcast. Thank you, Rangan. Appreciate it. That concludes today's episode of the Feel Better Live More podcast. I think that was a super inspiring conversation. And I really like all of the tips that Mark finished with, both for how we change the food system, but also for how we start to improve our own health.

As always, do think about something you heard today that you can apply in your own life immediately. Of course, do let Mark and I know what you thought of today's conversation. Mark and I are both on Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, and LinkedIn. Also, if you want to continue your learning experience after this show is over,

do check out the show notes page for this episode, drchastji.com forward slash 98, where you will see links to Mark's brand new book, Food Fix, his social media channels, and some really interesting articles and videos about his work. Mark's tips at the end of the show will be tips you are already familiar with if you have heard previous podcasts of mine. He basically mentioned the four components of health that I have written extensively about in my first book, The Four Pillar Plan. If you are confused with where to start with your health, I would simply

ask you to look at those four areas of health and ask yourself, which pillar do you need the most work in? Most of us intuitively know that when we ask ourselves. Pick something small in that particular pillar and start there if you're looking for practical tips you can read much more about these four areas in my very first book the four pillar plan which is also available in america and canada with the title how to make disease disappear you can see how this all applies to stress in my second book the stress solution and if you're looking for a really practical guide for bringing in highly effective lifestyle changes into your life in five minute chunks

that is based on the latest science and behavior change, I would really encourage you to check out my latest book, Feel Better in Five. Many of you have asked me when this book will also be available in the US and Canada. And it looks very likely that this will be in September later this year. All of my books are available in the US and Canada. And it looks very likely that this will be in September later this year. All of my books are available in the usual places as paperback, ebook, or as an

audio book, which I am narrating. If you know someone who you feel would benefit from the information in this podcast, but does not listen to audio podcasts, This episode, like all of mine, are now available to watch in full on YouTube. The best way to find that is drchastity.com forward slash YouTube. So please do tell people close to you who you feel would benefit from watching these videos. If you enjoy my weekly shows, please do consider leaving a review on Apple Podcasts or whichever platform you listen

to podcasts on. You can also help me spread the word by taking a screenshot right now and sharing with your friends and family on your social media channels. Or you can simply do it the good old fashion way and tell your friends about the show. I really do appreciate your support. A big thank you to Richard Hughes for editing and Vedanta Chatterjee for producing this week's podcast. That is it for today. I hope you have a fabulous week. Make sure that you have pressed subscribe

and I'll be back in one week's time with my latest conversation. Remember, you are the architects of your own health. Making lifestyle changes always worth it because when you feel better, you live more. I'll see you next time. Thank you.