The Indicator from Planet Money - Trump's cuts come for food banks

Starting point is 00:00:00 NPR. Waylon, I have a confession to make. I almost missed the publication of the beige book. Oh, well, Robert, you are in the circle of trust here, so you can tell us what happened. So I normally have the beige book on my calendar. I set aside the whole day to read the report, brew a pot of tea. I make a whole thing out of it. But there has been so much economic news lately.

Starting point is 00:00:32 Tariffs on, tariffs off, stock market red, stock market green, that I somehow overlooked that the Federal Reserve had put out a business. its most recent report of economic conditions across the United States. It's like everything in life, right? The loud, bright things grab your attention. But the beige, it's quietly waiting for you when you need it. You could almost say that it deserves an award. It's the Bezier Awards.

Starting point is 00:01:01 Our eight times a year's salute to the art and science of telling stories about the economy. I'm Robert Smith. And I'm Waylon Wong. It may not flash red or green, but the beige book of a whitech book of a lot. On this edition of the Bejie Awards, we find that just as the U.S. is warming into springtime, an economic freeze is falling over the land. Bundle up, baby, it's cold outside. After the break. Always good to remind everyone how this award show works. There are 12 regional banks in the Federal Reserve System. Each one studies their local economy and brings back little stories of what they see.

Starting point is 00:01:40 They publish them in the Beige Book. We give awards to the best stories. Right. So in the last Bege Book, we noted that, everyone was using the word uncertainty. And this time around, a new word caught our attention in the beige book, freeze. Yeah, like the proverbial deer in the headlights. Multiple businesses talked about a hiring freeze, which is better than layoffs, yes. But in order to keep the unemployment rate stable, the U.S. economy has to add 100 to 200,000 jobs a month. A freeze is definitely bad news.

Starting point is 00:02:11 Yes, and even the good news parts of the beige book were still kind of bad news. For instance, we saw car dealerships reporting higher sales. Good. From people who wanted to grab a new vehicle before tariffs made them unaffordable. Not good. And one law firm reported increased business from clients? Oh, that's promising. Because they needed help navigating all the confusing policy changes coming out of D.C.

Starting point is 00:02:37 Whalen, we just need to embrace the moment and stop sugar-coding it. The best entries from the beige book this time were the most depressing ones. For instance, I'd like to give a runner-up award to a small entry from the Philadelphia Fed. You know those restaurant weeks where every restaurant in town offers some sort of deal? Yeah, it's always like a prefix, right? Three courses for $17.76. So patriotic. But unfortunately, this is the Philadelphia entry in the Bej book.

Starting point is 00:03:03 Quote, a significant number of restaurants chose not to participate in an annual local restaurant week promotion because they couldn't afford to discount their menu items. Oh, yikes. It must mean they're operating right on the edge. And we could all use a cheap meal right now, right? But no matter. Let's perk up the mood with a little drum roll. And the winner of the Bayesian Award.

Starting point is 00:03:25 The envelope, please. It's the Kansas City Fed. Coming to the stage is not one, but two writers from the Kansas City Fed, Jeremy Hill and Stephen Howard. We spoke to them on April 25th. Congratulations, gentlemen. Thank you, Robert. Thanks.

Starting point is 00:03:42 It's exciting. So I have to tell you, even though it is a virtual award, we only have one of them. Have you decided how you're going to split this? Cut it in half. Ah, very solemnonic of you. We are giving each one of you half an award for two very different entries in the beige book. One is a little bit more wonky than the other. Let's start with the wonk.

Starting point is 00:04:02 We've been talking endlessly on the indicator about price increases from tariffs and which products would be the most impacted. But Jeremy Hill, you noted that some firms are talking about. about increasing prices across the board. I will read the entry quote. Contacts indicated passing rising costs to customers will occur over the next several months and anticipated goods prices will rise broadly as many suppliers are spreading cost increases across their entire product portfolios.

Starting point is 00:04:32 Right. So when firms are thinking about this right now, they shared with us it's about revenue stabilization. We had that recently during COVID where they got taken off guard and demand shift between one product line to another one, and they're still not certain how things will shake out. So when they look at the risk, it is best to start increasing on all those product lines, according to those firms. Which I guess makes sense, right? Customers may be able to stomach smaller price increases everywhere rather than have one or two products be completely

Starting point is 00:05:03 unaffordable. Like the better of two bad options. And speaking of unaffordable, our other winning entry was about food banks. The beige book has been working real hard to expand beyond covering businesses and starting to include nonprofits and social service agencies. Robert, if you would read the quote. Funding cuts from the USDA were highlighted as particularly impactful regarding services for seniors. Specifically, one pantry reported cutting back the amount of food they can give from three to five days of shelf stable food to two days of food every 30 days. due to funding cuts. Stephen Hallen, you wrote that line, and it's very specific.

Starting point is 00:05:45 We always hear about food banks struggling generally, but this is a drop of five days worth of food to two days worth of food. What happened? Yeah, so the USDA cut about $500 million from food banks, and that substantially impacted the amount of food that food banks could provide to their pantries. So this particular food pantry was responding and trying to serve as many people as they can, but it's going to be less food that they can provide to each person. The Trump administration cut a billion dollars from USDA programs that provide fresh food for

Starting point is 00:06:19 school lunches and then also this money for food banks. They said the Biden levels of food assistance were unsustainable. We wanted to hear what food banks in the region were doing to respond. So we called up one that provides food to 27 counties in Missouri and Kansas. So my name is Stephen Davis and I'm the president and CEO of Harvesters, the Community Food Network. Now, food bank Banks always need more food. You never call up a food bank and they say, oh, no, we're good. We got everything we need right now. But Stephen Davis says it's especially bad this year. Food is incredibly expensive. We all know that. All the other costs have gone up for rent, mortgages, health care costs. So your dollars are just not stretching as far. And often where people have to make sacrifices is on the food that they would purchase. Stephen from Harvester said they have a lot of different ways of getting food to give away. Everything from cans donated by community members to deals with food manufacturers

Starting point is 00:07:16 to use stuff that would have gotten thrown out. The USDA budget cut really hurts because this was money they could have spent on staple foods that might not get donated. He estimates that this will mean they will lose out on 2.4 million pounds of food. So you think about 2.4 million pounds of food, We distributed 61 million pounds of food last year, but that's a meaningful amount of the food that we distributed that we could use to serve families that all of a sudden just went away. And as we saw in the beige book, that can mean essentially food rationing, giving out less food to families so they can serve more people. Now, of course, Harvester's is going back to their donors and volunteers. They're hustling more extra food from manufacturers.

Starting point is 00:08:01 But Stephen says he doesn't know what will happen if the money doesn't come back. Or if the economy gets worse. Remember, it might be scary right now, but the unemployment rate in the U.S. is still low. Who knows what the next beige book will bring? Ah, the next beige book, yes. It's June 4th. I've marked on my calendar in my phone. I'm not going to forget it this time.

Starting point is 00:08:23 And I want to just say congratulations to our two winners from the Kansas City Fed. Jeremy Hill and Stephen Howland, the next beige book is going to be a crucial one. You two aren't planning vacations or something. for then. Well, I don't have any scheduled. It's a year-round job, right? We have to be engaged all the time. So vacations are on the side.

Starting point is 00:08:44 No rest. For the Fed. I'm sure they get vacations. This episode was produced by Indio Carreras with engineering by Sina Lafredo. It was fact-checked by Sierra Juarez. Kate Kincanon is our show's editor and the Indicator is a production

Starting point is 00:09:01 of NPR.

The Indicator from Planet Money - Trump's cuts come for food banks

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