The Joe Rogan Experience - #1330 - Bernie Sanders

Episode Date: August 5, 2019

Bernie Sanders is a 2020 Presidential Candidate of the Democratic Party and is currently serving as the U.S. Senator of Vermont. https://berniesanders.com/

And we're live. Hello, Bernie. How are you, Joe? Wonderful. Pleasure to meet you. Nice to meet you. It's exciting to have you here, man. And it's obviously an exciting time for you. You know, presidential campaign is up in full swing. Do you get frustrated by the time constraints of the debates? Of the debates? Absolutely.

You shouldn't even call them a debate. What they are is a reality TV show in which you have to come up with a soundbite and all that stuff. It is the meaning. It's the meaning to the candidates and it's the meaning to the American people. You can't explain the complexity of healthcare in America in 45 seconds. Nobody can. Why is it still done that way? Have you tried to, let's pull this thing.

You know, I think the DNC is in a difficult position. They have 20 plus candidates and they want to give everybody a fair shot, which is the right thing to do. And then if you're going to have 10 candidates up on the stage, what do you do? But there are other ways that we've got to do it because the issues facing this country are so enormous and in some cases so complicated, nobody in the world can honestly explain them in 45 seconds. And then what encourages people to do is to come up with soundbites and do absurd things. If I yelled and screamed on the show, I took my clothes off, we get a lot of publicity, right? But if you give a thoughtful answer to a complicated question, it's not so sexy for the media. Well, you don't even have a chance to give a thoughtful answer. Like Tulsi Gabbard went after

Kamala Harris, and then Kamala Harris had about 12 seconds to reply to it. It was so ridiculous to have something that's such an important issue. did you or did you not put all those people in jail for marijuana? Did you laugh about it? Did this happen? Did that happen? All these different things. Was evidence withheld? These are long conversations.

But it takes us to another issue, and that as a nation, we do a pretty bad job in analyzing and discussing the serious issues facing our country. And I hold the media to some degree responsible for that. You know, other countries, what they do is they say, Joe, you want to run for president? I'll tell you what, with your party in the general election, we're going to give you a certain amount of time, hours, on television. And you use those hours any way you want. You want a 15-minute discourse. You remember Ross Perot?

And people used to laugh at Ross Perot because he used to get up there with a chart and all this stuff. And the media made fun of him. But, in fact, he tried in his own way to explain his point of view to the American people. And we need serious discussion on serious issues. Well, he had the – because he was so rich, he had the ability to buy airtime on network television, which is pretty unprecedented. He just bought a chunk of airtime and then pled his case. But you know what goes on in other countries? You don't have to buy that time.

What the obligation is, if you are a network, you're going to make that time free and available to candidates. Do you think that that's something that could be viable in America? I mean, could you convince CBS and NBC and ABC to go along with something like that? No, you couldn't convince them. You'd have to pass legislation to make that happen. But everyone's online today. I mean, the entire country is essentially getting email and Facebook and all that jazz. Why bother doing it in this particular medium that has an inherent time constraint? it in this particular medium that has an inherent time constraint. Well, you're right.

I mean, the internet has revolutionized politics, and in many ways, good ways. We use our social media, our email list, which is very large. Every day we're sending out stuff, and other candidates are doing it the same way. But television still has a very important role to be playing. I'm sure it does, but I mean, the ability to discuss things in long form, like you can do online, like you can do right here, right now. Right. You can't get that on television. Well, you could.

I mean, if you had- Sure you could. They would have to interrupt you every 15 minutes or so for commercials. No, no, no, no. No, what I'm saying about is, and what goes on in other countries, if I'm not mistaken, don't hold me to this, I think in the UK, you're a member of the Labour Party, you're a candidate. Here's 30 minutes of time

and you do with it as you want. You want to speak 30 minutes on healthcare, whatever it may be, you can do that. Really? Yeah.

And they don't interrupt with commercials? No, no, no, no. That's the law that they have given. This is the candidate's opportunity to speak at length to the people

of the country. What are the misconceptions of you? Because here's the, if you go to the knee of the country. What are the misconceptions of you? Because here's the, if you go to the knee-jerk conservative reaction, you talk to people who are not interested in anyone that wants to be a democratic socialist, they hear the name Bernie Sanders, the negative implications are that you are somehow or another going to take their money, right? Is that annoying to you?

Yes, it is. Of course it is. And also that I'm Mr. Maduro. I'm a dictator. I love dictatorships and all that stuff. And the truth is, Joe, that if you look at the issues that I campaign on and what I believe on, they are really not terribly radical. They exist in many countries all over the world.

For example, just we can start on healthcare if you'd like. Is the idea that healthcare is a human right, not a privilege, a radical idea? I don't think it is. It's not. And the truth is we are the only major country on earth. Many people don't know this. We're the only major country on earth not to guarantee healthcare to all people as a human right, and yet we end up spending almost twice as much per capita on healthcare. The function, and you can argue with me if you want, but the function of the current healthcare system is not to provide quality care at all. It is to make tens of billions of dollars in profit for the drug

companies and the insurance companies. That's the function. If you go to Canada, and I live 50 miles away from the Canadian border, you have major heart surgery. You're in the hospital for a month. Do you know what the bill is when you get out? You got it. You go to any doctor you want. You don't have to take out your wallet. And yet they guarantee healthcare to all of their people, and they spend one half of what we spend. That's kind of what I want to do. And I don't think that that's terribly radical. We have a program now, which everybody knows. It's called Medicare. It was started by Lyndon Johnson back in 1965. It is a popular program. All that I want to do over a four-year period

is to expand it. Today, eligibility at age 65, I want to take it down to 55, 45, 35, everybody over a four-year period. That's about it. And I want to expand benefits to include dental care, hearing aids, and eyeglasses as well. That's about it. Not too radical. That doesn't sound radical at all. Now, when you say that Canada spends less, obviously they have less people. You mean less per capita? Yes, half per capita.

Half per capita. Exactly, per capita. And the quality of care is as good or better. Do they have problems? Yeah, they have problems. Everybody has problems. But overall, the healthcare experts will tell you the quality of care there is as good or better than it is in our country. So what's the hurdle? Okay, I'll tell you exactly what the hurdle is.

The hurdle is exactly the same thing as in every other aspect of our lives. It's the power of money. All right, listen to this. Over the last 20 years, the drug companies alone have spent $4.5 billion in 20 years on lobbying and campaign contributions. That's what we're up against. The knowledge, and I mock my words, within a short period of time, you will see TV ads in California, all over this country, demonizing Bernie Sanders. He wants to do this terrible thing to you. He wants to do that. They have unbelievable amounts of money, and politicians are frightened of that power. I'll give you one example.

Back in 2016, I got involved here in a little way with an effort on the part of the nurses to control the cost of prescription drugs in California. You may recall that effort. I do. It was a ballot item in one state here in California. Do you know how much the drug companies alone spent to defeat that effort? They spent $131 million on one ballot item in one state. All right. Last year, the top 10 drug companies made $69 billion. A week ago, I went to Canada with a

number of Americans who are dealing with diabetes. We bought insulin in Windsor, Ontario for one tenth the price, 10% of the price, same exact product being charged in America. So you got drug companies that are engaged in collusion and in price fixing who are incredibly greedy. And the result is many elderly people, many working people simply cannot afford the medicine they need. It's unbelievable. And the reason for all of that stuff is we are the only country in the world that does not negotiate with the drug companies. They can charge you any price they want. And that has to do with the fact that we don't have a national healthcare program.

Medicare is not negotiating, et cetera. Is this something that can really be implemented inside of four years? It seems like it's an enormous endeavor. Well, I want you to think back. Think back, Joe. In 1965, you had Lyndon Johnson as president. And by the way, this idea of national health care, this has been talked about literally since Teddy Roosevelt. This is not a new concept. Health care is a human right. That's what Teddy Roosevelt was talking about. That's what FDR was talking about.

Harry Truman was talking about it. Kennedy was talking about it. Kennedy got killed. Lyndon Johnson picked up the mantle. And their idea was, according to people in their administration, we'll start with the elderly who are most impacted by health care costs and sickness. We'll start, and they did. In 1965, without the technology we have today, they implemented Medicare. 19 million people, elderly people, signed up in the first year.

So if you could start a brand new program and have 19 million people sign up with a technology that is way, way behind where we are today, why can't we over a four-year period simply expand that program? I don't think it's such a difficult operation. So when you talk about the drug companies and the lobbyists and the enormous amount of money that they spend, does this exist anywhere else other than the United States, lobbyists on that level? No, no, of course not. And the reason, you know, in Canada what you have is you have a national health care program and so forth. And they sit down and, A, they negotiate with the drug companies. They have their own approach. But every other major country on earth says to the drug companies, of course you can't charge us any price you want.

This is a reasonable price. Tell me what your profits are, what your expenditures are. This is a price. For us, you can walk in, if you have an illness, you can walk into the pharmacy tomorrow and the price has been doubled. And you say to the pharmacist, what happened? He said, they just raised their prices. They could do it any day they want, any price they want. Now, lobbyists are, in general, when people talk about lobbyists, it's an unattractive term. We think of it in terms of a negative. We don't think of, oh, thank God there's lobbyists.

We think, wow, there's someone with enormous amounts of money using that money to gain influence on politicians, and it shapes regular people. It shapes our lives mostly in a negative way. This is the way most people look at it. I'm not saying it's correct. Why do we have that system in place? Like, why do we have lobbies? Why is it legal for someone to spend exorbitant amounts of money to affect our civilization, to affect the way our culture works?

Now you're taking us into a whole new area. Yeah. All right. Let's look. Let me detour and I'll come back. Please do. All right. Today in America, you've got three people owning more wealth than the bottom half of

the American society. You don't see that on television too much, do you? No, you don't. Three people. You've got the top 1% owning more wealth than the bottom 92%. Listen to this. This is a statistic we recently saw. It came from the Federal Reserve.

Over the last 30 years, the top 1% has seen a $21 trillion increase in their wealth. The bottom half of America has seen a $900 billion decline in their wealth. So what you have in America today is a relatively small number of incredibly wealthy people. And I deal with these guys every day. People say, oh, we're talking about rich. You don't know what rich is, what multi-billion dollar operations are. Incredible power over our society. And if you were the pharmaceutical industry, and last year, 10 companies made $69 billion in profit, you're sitting around right now saying, all right, that's great. How do we do better next year?

What strategy do we have? We're going to put a lot of ads on. We're going to work with other – during the CNN debate that I participated in recently, in the debate, right in the middle of the debate, the drug companies and the insurance companies had an ad telling how bad so-called – how bad Medicare for all would be. So they're smart guys. And they use their power over politicians. They use their power over the media. They spend billions of dollars on advertising on media to make sure that they make as much as they can in profit. But it's not any different with Wall Street.

It's not any different with the fossil fuel industry or the prison industrial complex. These guys have wealth. They have power, and they could care less about the needs of working people in this country. And that's the dynamic of American politics right now. And in our campaign, look, we're taking them all on. I know it makes a lot of people uncomfortable, but we are taking on all of these entities and all of their wealth and all of their power. And that's what a political revolution is about. So the real problem seems to be that they have this strategy of unlimited growth.

Not that they're not providing medication that people need to save their lives. I mean, it's obviously important to have pharmaceutical companies. Of course. Of course. Right. So there's good that they provide, but the business aspect of it is where the problem lies, right? Right. Look, they have great researchers, but if you check how they even spend their money, they will tell you this. All of their money on research and development.

We're tackling cancer. We're tackling diabetes, Alzheimer's. The truth is, of course they are. But the bulk of their money is going off into what we call Me Too drugs. They make modest changes in a drug, which really doesn't improve people's well-being in order to make profits. So the answer is yes. We need, obviously, vigorous research and development. And by the way, your tax dollars, all of our tax dollars, often goes to that research,

and we don't get the benefit of it in terms of lower prices. So it's just a business model issue. Exactly. It's a greed issue. You've got it. And how would one stop that? When you're dealing with this, the kind of influence that you're talking about with $69 billion in a year, I mean, the resources they have, how would you stop that? Well, that is kind of what we call the $64 question. And I'll tell you what I think. This is what I believe. If you think back on American history

and you think about the real changes that have taken place in society, you think about the labor movement and working class people standing up and saying to their employers, we're not going to be treated like animals anymore. You can't hire and fire us. You can't work us, you know, 15 hours a day.

We deserve dignity. And you think about the growth of the labor movement, millions of people beginning to stand together and fight. You think about the civil rights movement, you know, and it wasn't just Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. It was, again, millions of African Americans and their white allies saying, we're going to end segregation and racism in this country. Think about the women's movement. A hundred years ago, women in America didn't even have the right to vote. Think about the

gay rights movement. Think about the environmental. The only way that change takes place is when ordinary people come together and stand up and fight and say that the status quo is not working. And that's what I believe, and that's what we're trying to do. So the message of our campaign is it's us, not me, because I can't do it alone. Let me be very honest with you. If I were elected president tomorrow, I can't do the things that I would like to do, that I'm campaigning on, unless millions of people were working with me to tell the corporate elite that they cannot get it all. So how would that be implemented?

Let's say you become president. You're going to become president? What do you think? I think we're going to have a shot at it. You're going to have a shot. All right. President Bernie, what do you do? You get in there.

What do you do? Okay. First of all, you make it clear to the American people what your agenda is. And I appreciate the opportunity to talk about an agenda in more than 12 seconds. What does that mean? All right, we're going to fight for Medicare for all. We're going to raise the minimum wage to a living wage. We are going to deal with education in a profound way, because I worry about what's going on in education today. Everybody knows that the ages of zero through four are the most important years for human intellectual and emotional development, right?

Every psychologist will tell you that. And yet we have a totally dysfunctional early childhood system. We pay our childcare workers starvation wages, yet working class families cannot find affordable quality child care. You've got our public school systems all around this country, and many of them really being challenged right now. Teachers are underpaid. Teachers are working two or three jobs. You've got kids who can't afford to go to college. And here's something that is just unbelievable.

wanted to go to college. And here's something that is just unbelievable. Kids who have gone to college leaving school with $50,000, $100,000 in debt. Unbelievable. These are issues that we have to deal with, and I will deal with them. And we are going to substantially improve the quality of education in America. We're going to cancel student debt by imposing a tax on Wall Street speculation. All right, so you got to deal with education. You got to deal with climate change. You know, the truth is that Donald Trump is dead wrong. Climate change is not a hoax. It is a very, very dangerous reality for our country and the rest of the world. Scientists tell us we have less than 12 years to transform our energy system away from fossil fuel or there will be irreparable damage. So those are, and health care, of course, for all.

So those are some of the major issues, criminal justice, immigration reform. You lay it on the table. You say, these are the issues that we are going to focus on. And you rally the American people around those issues. And you tell people like Mitch McConnell, who represents a very poor state in Kentucky, that Mitch, if you are going to oppose raising that minimum wage to at least 15 bucks an hour, I will be in Kentucky as president of the United States. And we're going to have a rally because you're going to have to stop representing. And I hope, by the way, that Mitch McConnell is not the leader. I hope the Democrats can gain control over the Senate.

But if he is, we'll put enormous pressure on him to gain control over the Senate. But if he is, we'll put enormous pressure on him to do what the people want. Every idea, Joe, here's the bottom line on this thing. Every idea that I've just talked to you about is supported by a majority of the American people. These are not radical ideas. Let's take these one step at a time, because you mentioned a lot of important things there. Let's go with the minimum wage thing. Now, the argument that I've heard about the minimum wage being raised to $15 an hour is that they're entry-level positions for high school kids, for people that are just getting their feet wet in the marketplace. They're learning how to work. They're making some money after school that if you charge or

if businesses have to pay $15 an hour to people like that, to entry-level people, that they won't be able to stay open? Well, first of all, they will be competing against, you know, if you're a business and I'm a business, and both of us have to raise our wages at the same level, we both have the same burden. So it's spread across. That is what my conservative colleagues will tell you. The truth is, I don't have the numbers right in front of me, that while it certainly is true that young people do work at McDonald's and the minimum wage jobs, a significant and majority of the workers are not kids. They are often, and I've met them at McDonald's, they are workers who have children themselves.

who have children themselves. When we work very hard to raise the minimum wage at Amazon and at Disney, we put pressure on both of those companies and they did the right thing. And when you talk to the people at Amazon who got that raise, these are not kids. These are people in their 30s. These are ordinary adults who cannot make it on $12 or $13 an hour. So I think the argument that,

oh, they're all kids is not really quite accurate. Well, not even that they're all kids, but that if they are kids, what would you think about making a minimum wage for someone who's under 18 that's different from a minimum wage for someone who's a legal adult? I'm not for that. I think we do it. And look, many of these young people have their own needs. I just talked to a young woman last night who is working, going to college, working full-time, trying to take care of her family as well. So I think, look, the minimum wage has not been raised in 10 years. It is now $7.25 an hour, which is clearly unacceptable.

The cost of housing, California, all over this country, is rising fairly rapidly. People can't afford healthcare, can't afford college. I don't think it's asking our employers too much to pay at least $15 an hour minimum wage. Now, I'm glad you brought up Amazon. One of the things that always freaks me out is when I find out that enormous corporations that make billions of dollars have tax loopholes where they literally pay no money. How is that possible and how do you stop that? Well, it's the same thing as the drug companies. How is it possible that we pay ten times more for insulin in this country and for other drugs than the one in Canada or countries around the world? And the answer is, it's power.

So what is the goal of major corporations in America? It's to be deregulated as much as possible. So in some cases, they can pollute our water, our air, our environment. It's also not to pay any taxes. Trump campaign, as you'll as you recall he said my tax plan is not going to benefit the wealthy it's going to benefit working people well it turns out over 10 years 83 of the benefit at the end of 10 years goes to the top one percent that's what these guys i remember i'm the called the ranking member on the budget committee in the Senate. And some guy came forward representing, I don't know, one of the big business organizations. And this is their agenda. Their agenda was to cut Social Security, Medicare, and Medicaid, and to do away with all corporate taxes.

So what you have right now, that's what greed is about. They want it all. So as you indicated, you have a company like Amazon owned by Jeff Bezos, who happens to be the wealthiest guy in America worth about $150 billion. Amazon paid zero in federal income taxes. And it's not just him. Dozens of corporations paid nothing or very, very little. You got these guys able to stash all over the world trillions of dollars, trillions of dollars in the Cayman Islands, in Bermuda, in Luxembourg, and other tax havens. That is insane. And that has got to end.

Yeah. How is it legal to do that? Why is it legal? Joe, it is legal because they make the laws. Right. All right. Joe, it is legal because they make the laws. Right.

All right? You know, that is what you're touching now on the heart and soul of the tragedy of American politics. How does it happen that on issue after issue, the American people, the working class of this country, want something, nobody pays any attention to it, but billionaires want something, and it gets done? And that has to do with a corrupt political system. So right now, if you are the Koch brothers or some multi-billionaire, you say to the leadership of the Republican body, and in some cases to the Democratic body, hey, guess what? We're prepared to put hundreds of millions of dollars into the UK. Hundreds of millions of dollars coming from one or two people. And here is my agenda. I want tax breaks. I want a trade system which will enable me to shut down in this country and go to China or Mexico and pay people there two bucks an hour.

I want to be able to do more pollution because I don't like all of this money I have to spend preventing pollution of the air or the water. That's what i want you to do and by the way i'm worried about the deficit so you may as well cut social security medicare and medicaid how many americans actually believe that we should give tax breaks to billionaires and cut social security medicare and medicaid very few that is talk to mitch mcconnell get mitch on the show that is exactly what he believes. But that's ridiculous, right? And it seems that if you just took away those tax breaks, the enormous amount of money that would come from those corporations having to pay their fair share would take care of a lot of the expenses of all these things that you're proposing. Exactly. Okay, let's talk about the education because the idea of free education is a wonderful thing for people.

I mean, the idea that you get out of college and you're in debt in an insane amount that you might have 10, 20 years where you have to pay it back. And I know many people that are in that situation. There are people who are getting their Social Security checks garnished right now. It's not 10 or 20 years. In some cases, it's literally a lifetime. Now, a lot of that is – I mean, it's got to, in some way, be preventable by what we're talking about here. Absolutely. Is that how you would pay for it?

I mean, how would you – I'll tell you exactly how we would pay for it. And we pay for every idea that we have. We pay for it. And we pay for every idea that we have, we pay for it. And we pay for it by understanding that today we have massive levels of income and wealth inequality. And we have, in many cases, the wealthy and large corporations paying nothing or very little in taxes. Here is the issue in terms of education. 40, 50 years ago, you were an average American working class person.

You graduated high school. Especially if there was a union around, you can go out and get a job and make it into the middle class. You could own your own home. You could send your kids to school. You lived a pretty good life. You made it in the middle class. 40 or 50 years later, there's an explosion of technology. There's a growth in unfettered free trade. And it is clear now that most people to

make it into the middle class are going to need a higher education. That's college or maybe it's technical training in order to become a skilled worker. It is insane to me to deny working class people and lower income people the opportunity to get that education because the cost of college has soared. So all that I say is that 100 plus years ago, the American people said that we should have free public education. I went to a public school. My parents didn't pay a nickel. Went to kindergarten. I went through the 12th grade. Pretty good education in Brooklyn, New York. All that I'm saying is the world has changed and a high school degree is not good enough anymore.

So expand that concept through college. Now, guess what? 50 years ago, do you know how much the University of California, a very great university, cost in terms of tuition? How much? Virtually free. What's it now? I don't know, but it's pretty high.

It is high. It's it now? I don't know, but it's pretty high. It is high. It's thousands and thousands of dollars. So you had great universities like the University of California, City University of New York, state colleges all over this country where tuition was virtually free. And then what happened, for a variety of political reasons, states and the federal government started cutting back on higher education and put more and more burden on the student with higher and higher tuition which is where we are today so all that i'm saying is in the year 2019 2020 if our working class kids are going to go out and get the jobs that are out there they need a they need a higher education be tuition-free, in terms of the cancellation of debt, which is my view. You've got 45 million people who are dealing with debt.

I'll never forget this. This is where it really hit me. I was in Burlington, Vermont, and I had a meeting on an issue. And a young woman comes up, and she says, she's a doctor. She graduated medical school. She's very happy. She's practicing in a community health center, loves what she's doing. She said, Bernie, I got to tell you, though, I am $300,000 in debt for having gone to medical school.

I couldn't believe it. I was in Iowa, a young woman, $400,000 in debt. This is not unusual for medical schools and dental schools. And, you know, ordinary people, $50,000, $100,000 for going to college or getting a master's degree. We promised these young people, we said, go to college, go out and get an education, you'll get decent paying jobs. Well, the answer is they have not been able to do that. So what we have proposed in one piece of legislation or two, actually, is to make public colleges and universities tuition-free, cancel all student debt in this country. That will cost $2.2 trillion,

a lot of money, over a 10-year period. We do this through a tax on Wall Street speculation, which will bring in $2.4 trillion. We bailed out Wall Street 11 years ago. And by the way, these are crooks on Wall Street who engaged in illegal behavior. Taxpayers, against my vote, bailed them out. If we can bail out Wall Street, you know what? We can cancel student debt and provide public colleges and universities tuition-free. When you say a tax on Wall Street speculation, what exactly do you mean? It will be a tax on every sale of a tax. People buy and sell stocks and bonds all of the time. We have a very modest tax on that. And by the way, it will have an impact on speculation by cutting back on the high-frequency trading, which we now see. So you would just – there's no current tax on this?

Correct. So you would put a small amount, and that would do the job? That would raise more than enough money. It's a very small tax. When you say small, how much? It depends on the nature of the transaction but it's less than one half of one percent really yeah and that would cover yeah because the amount of stocks being sold bought and sold and this is not again a new idea it's it's

being done in countries all over the world what about the here here's one of the darkest things about student loans is that if if you go bankrupt it doesn't matter. You still owe that. And that's kind of crazy. I mean, if you have a serious medical issue, if you're held up, whatever happens to you that's awful, you go bankrupt, most of those things are resolved, but not student loans. I mean, again, this talks to the – and that has to do with bankruptcy law, which was passed against my vote. And while you're on bankruptcy, and I should have mentioned this before, when you talk about the healthcare system, a half a million Americans every single year go bankrupt because of medical

bills that they can't pay. But you're right, with student, I talked to this guy in Nevada, I'll never forget it. Guy says, Bernie, you know, I'm all in my – the guy's in his 50s. And he said, you know, I've been paying off my student debt for years. I'm going nowhere because the interest rates are high. And I fear very much, which is the case, that they will start garnishing, taking away my social security checks, taking money away from me. So people are carrying this burden. The result is that they can't, in many cases, get married and have kids. They certainly can't buy a home.

They can't buy a car. They are really crushed by this debt. And what was their crime? What did they do? They tried to get a higher education. I think that's pretty crazy. And a lot of them, when they do this higher education, they're 18 years old. Imagine making a decision when your brain isn't even fully formed. It's going to affect you for the rest of your life you got it yeah exactly right

and you talk to these kids how much debt do you owe um what kind of interest rates you're paying gee i really don't know they just told me to sign over here that's right now right now we are a week not even a week out just a few days away from two mass shootings in a row. And whenever these things happen, there's all these people that want action, but nobody knows exactly what to do. There's calls for gun control. There's calls for mental health reform. There's calls for, I mean, what, if anything, can be done to stop these things from happening? Have you sat down and tried to come up with some sort of a solution, and is there a solution? Look, I would be lying to you if I told you I had a magical answer. I don't.

And this is such a horrific situation. And this is such a horrific situation. You know, we were in, you know, we had a town meeting. We were in Nevada, actually, in Las Vegas when El Paso happened. And we did a town meeting, and I said, let's take a moment of silence to remember the victims and pray for the survivors. Literally, the next day, in another part of Las Vegas, I had to do it again. And I said, I can't believe that just yesterday we did this and I have to do it again. This is, I don't know what the words, you know, my friend Beto O'Rourke would say, you don't know what words, what can you say?

It happens again and again. And who can imagine some lunatic walking into a school or a mall or just on a nightclub area and taking out an assault weapon and shooting down people. And that we almost become to accept this as a normal part of American life is incredible, is just totally demoralizing. All right, so here's what I think. There's no magical answer, but let me tell you what I think. First of all, this is the reality. There's no magical answer.

But let me tell you what I think. First of all, this is the reality. The reality is that today as we speak, there are approximately 400 million guns in America today. We have more guns than we have people. We have between 5 to 10 million assault weapons. And an assault weapon, as you know, is a military-style weapon designed to kill human beings kind of rapidly. And then on top of that, we have, again, nothing to be proud of, but we have a number of mentally unstable people, people, for whatever reason, are walking the streets, they're suicidal, they're homicidal. That's the mix that we have. I think the answer is, and I'm not the guy to invent all these ideas, but here's

some of what we have to do. First of all, if you want to own a gun in America, we have got to know that you are a stable person. And that means that we need to expand the background checks that currently exist. Okay, so we've got to know, did you beat up your wife? Have you committed crimes? Et cetera, et cetera. What is the state of your mental health? Number two, we've got to make that universal.

Number two, right now, there is a background check if you walk into a gun show, into a gun shop, but you can buy guns in various states at a gun show, and you don't have to do any of that. If you and I go to a gun show, you sell me a gun, I don't have to do that. Third of all, I can today legally walk into a gun show, pass the background check, and buy a dozen guns, walk out and sell them to criminal elements who will use them for bad things. So I think those are issues that most Americans believe we have got to deal with, and we can. Fourthly, I happen to believe, and I believe this for 30 years, that we should not be selling or distributing assault weapons in this country. They are weapons of mass destruction in a sense. They kill people

rapidly as we saw. And thank God, by the way, when we talk about both Dayton and El Paso, thank God, cops were there very, very quickly and did an incredible job. Because if that guy had walked into the nightclub, there could have been dozens and dozens more people killed within a few minutes' time. I happen to believe, A, that we should not be selling or distributing assault weapons in this country. That's my view, period. So I believe in a ban on assault weapons. And I think we have got to begin thinking about when we have 5 to 10 million assault

weapons, which is more than the U.S. military has, we have to think about a strong licensing procedure in terms of who owns these assault weapons. So that's some of what I think. There are many other things, but those are some of the ideas that are out there. Now, the legal gun owners who are law-abiding citizens who would never in a million years think about going around shooting people but they love guns they hear this kind of stuff about like banning assault rifles banning assault weapons they don't even like the term assault weapons right they like to refer to them as their individual names for whatever they are these people feel like this is an inexorable part of being an american that you should be able to own a gun.

It's written into our Bill of Rights. It's written into the way this country was founded. It's the Second Amendment. What do you say to those people that don't want to give up their guns, and they want to protect themselves? They feel like these guns are viable options to protect themselves from criminals. I understand that. And Joe, as you may know, I'm a senator from the state of Vermont.

And the state of Vermont is one of the most rural states in America. Every fall, we've got thousands and thousands of people out in the woods hunting. And it's something that's part of our tradition. I believe in it. I believe in the Second Amendment. But all that I ask of the gun owners, and you're absolutely right, 99.9% of gun owners would never in a million, billion years think of doing these horrible things.

But in the moment that we are living in, I think that we're all going to have to make, you know, some concessions to the reality of what is going on, and that is that there is a small number of, call them what you want, depraved people who are prepared to do that. In Australia, you remember that terrible, New Zealand, I'm sorry, the terrible shooting at the mosque, and they moved pretty quickly in an aggressive way.

So, you know, I wish I can say in the best of all possible worlds, yeah, you know, you can own any weapon you want and so forth and so on. We're not living in the best of all possible worlds. We're living in a world where we're shocked every day by horror. So I agree we are living in a terrible situation. I mean, there's hundreds of mass shootings a year now, which is insane. And if you look at the number in comparison to the rest of the world, it's crazy. Like a big one in another country is like three mass shootings in a year. We had more than 270. It's crazy. But how would you implement something like this? Well, the idea of banning assault weapons has been done in 1994.

We banned assault weapons, I believe it was for 10 years. That ban was undone by a Republican majority. And it didn't, you know, I'm not suggesting, by the way, that anything here, that if you banned assault weapons tomorrow, that it would radically change everything. But we have got to do the best that we can do. And again, I preface my remarks by telling you, I don't have a magical solution. You've got hundreds of millions of guns out there. You have people who should not be owning these guns who get set off by God knows what and do terrible things. All we can do is the best that we can do. But to say we can't do anything, I

think is a real disservice to the American. Now, I'll tell you something else that bothers me, you know, in addition to the horror of seeing people lying on the street dead, is what this is doing to the children of this country. And I think we underestimate that. I have seven grandchildren.

And for them and for kids all over this country, you're going to see the falls coming, kids coming back to school. You're going to see in schools all over America drills. All right, this is what you do if somebody walks into the school. All right, you're going to hide under here. You go over there. A couple of months ago, I was in Iowa. This guy is about six foot two, big guy, probably a football player. And he says, Senator Sanders, I got to tell you that the young people in my school are increasingly frightened, terrified about what could happen in the school. Think about what this, the trauma, the trauma of what this gun violence is doing. So I think we're all, as Americans, there ain't no easy answers here. But I think we're all going to have to come together and figure this one out and do the best that we can.

Now, would that mean forcibly removing these guns from people's homes? I don't think you're going to have the FBI knocking on somebody's doors and taking them. That's not what we do in America. But if we have 400 million guns already out there and they're building more every year. Right now, as we speak, gun manufacturers are making more guns. This is happening right now. So if those guns already exist, there's more than enough, how would you stop? Well, again, I think, look, I do think there should be a ban on assault weapons.

So that means that manufacturers would not be able to produce or sell those weapons. To American citizens, but not to the military, obviously. Right, obviously. Okay. So, you know, and your point is well taken. If you've got 400 million guns out there, you know. So I think there are approaches. No one has any magical solution, but I've given you – I'll tell you something else that I didn't mention, and that is the role of gun manufacturers, is that if you are a gun manufacturer and you are selling a hell of a lot of guns to a gun store in an area which normally you would not think. I mean, these guys know what cities buy, what towns buy, how many guns. And if suddenly there is a tremendous demand, you've got to be thinking, why is this gun store buying so many guns and if suddenly there is a tremendous demand you got to be thinking and be why is why

is this gun store buying so many guns doesn't reflect the population in the area you got to deal with that issue with the gun owners have to take some responsibility besides the guns the gun manufacturers i'm sorry right besides the guns the gun manufacturers the other gigantic issue is mental health the only way any of this ever happens is someone has to be insanely mentally depraved that's the only way and many of them are medicated and many of them are on pharmaceutical drugs and they have been since they were children including amphetamines like adderall and Prozac and all this different stuff that has varied effects on the human brain.

What could be done and what would you have done to analyze this, to find out what the cause and effect are, and to try to figure out what role and how much these drugs are responsible? Well, two things. Let me respond first by saying it goes without saying that we have a mental health crisis in America, before we even talk about drugs. And for whatever reason, you know, there are a whole lot of people, and the nature of our healthcare system, getting back to healthcare, is – I just talked to a woman literally last night, and we had a town meeting, and she said, this is unbelievable, she said, Bernie, I was in Las Vegas when the terrible shooting took place, okay? And now I am, and I can understand this perfectly. I'm seeing Dayton, and I'm watching television in El Paso and I'm getting a PTSD reaction.

If you were in a place where people were shut down and I'm trying to get counseling, I can't find it. I remember a woman called up my office in Burlington, Vermont, and she said, I'm worried about my husband, my brother was his brother, what he might do to himself or somebody else. We're looking for mental health counseling. We can't find something that we can afford. So we need above and beyond gun violence. We need, and this is why I believe in Medicare for all, mental health is health care. You break your arm, that's a health issue.

That's a medical issue. Mental health is a. You break your arm, that's a health issue. That's a medical issue. Mental health is a medical issue. And we have got to make mental health counseling available to all people in this country when they need it, not six months from now, at a price they can afford, and under Medicare for all, it would be free. So that's number one. Number two, your point about studying the impact of drugs on people's behavior and possibly resulting in violence absolutely deserves to be studied. We should be studying the impact of drugs. In my view, this is a layman's view, you know, I'm not a psychiatrist.

I worry very much that we are over-medicating kids in schools. You know, we have this deficit-deficient issue. Kids are running around and they're active. When I was a kid, people used to run around and they were active. They weren't drugged up. So I worry about that whole business, but your point is well taken. I think we need to study this issue and make sure that these drugs, in fact, are not causing kinds of reactions that we will regret later.

Now, on the subject of drugs, marijuana is obviously a big issue in this country, and we've seen many states make it recreational, including this one. What do you think could be done and what should be done to have this across the board, especially federally? You know, there's a guy that I have on the podcast coming up soon. His name is John Norris, and he wrote a book on the cartels growing marijuana illegally all over this country and selling it especially particularly in california now because it's a misdemeanor because it's legal recreationally and selling it with all sorts of horrible pesticides on it all sorts of like very in fact deadly chemicals all of this because it's not federally legal, because we can't have sanctioned, licensed

companies doing an ethical job of growing something that any responsible, law-abiding person should be able to consume. Okay. Let me say this. When I ran for president for the Democratic nomination in 2016, I talked about a broken criminal justice system, which ends up now is the legalization of marijuana in America. Right now, you have a federal law. It's called the Controlled Substance Act. Here's heroin.

Here is marijuana. They're at the same level. That is insane. Heroin is a killer drug. You can argue the pluses and minuses of marijuana, but marijuana ain't heroin. So we have to end that, and that's what I will do. As president of the United States, I believe we can do that through executive order, and I will do that. Second of all, what we have now is a number of states, and I'm very proud. I talked about during 2016 what seemed kind of radical, the need

to legalize and decriminalize marijuana, a very radical idea. Four years ago, it is spreading all over the country. And by the way, it blows my mind. The drive through Nevada, I think here even in California, now you see signs. Corporations, buy our marijuana. And four years ago, people were getting arrested for doing that, right? Their lives being destroyed. Well, particularly in Nevada, there was life sentences given out in the 70s. Can you believe that?

And now you have corporations selling the damn product that people went to jail for. So I think ultimately, you know, we've got to legalize marijuana. And what's good news, in a sense, is some communities, some cities are expunging the records. So if you were arrested, have a criminal record for selling marijuana,

that is being expunged and that is the right thing to do. You know, we can argue about the pluses and minuses.'m not a great fan of of drugs other people you know i smoked marijuana a couple of times didn't do much for me other people i guess have different impacts just a couple times that's really true it didn't do much for you yeah maybe you're getting it i don't know who's in vermont northern that's the problem maybe it'll do something for you well made me cough a whole lot all right but i gather other people have had different experiences correct sure yeah i certainly

have um the other problem is of course with illegal drugs comes you get this horrible cycle particularly in uh inner cities where you have people that are incarcerated for illegal drugs. Illegal drugs seem to be the only way out. The hard drugs, when we're talking about cocaine and all these other drugs, how does one stop that? And would you ever consider legalizing all drugs or decriminalizing all drugs? Not at this point, no, I wouldn't. But you're touching on a real tragedy. Yes. one. But you're touching on a real tragedy. And when we talk about criminal justice in America, we have over 2 million people in jail. They are disproportionately African-American,

Latino, and Native American. And here's what I think. I think in the wealthiest country in the history of the world, what we have got to do instead of building more jails and locking up more people, we really do have to invest in our young people, especially young people in distressed communities. What does that mean? If we can, and we can do this with a proper amount of resources, make sure the kids are not dropping out of school. If you drop out of school today, you know, say you drop out in your second or third year of high school, you don't have an education, you don't have any job skills, what are you going to do with your life? And the answer is you may well do drugs, you know, or you'll get in trouble, self-destructive activity or destructive activity, and you're going to end up in jail. It makes so much more sense from a humane perspective, protecting our people, as well as a financial situation.

We're spending $80 billion a year to invest in these kids. What does it mean? It means making sure they get the education that they need, paying attention, having good schools, making sure that they get the jobs that are out there, doing job training. There was a principal in a school in Southern Vermont. I'll never forget what she said. It was a working class school. And she said, Bernie, I love these kids. I am not going to let them drop out. And she had a mentoring program, just watching the kids who are mostly at risk so that they would not end up going through the cracks and getting into trouble. That's what we should be doing as a nation. And when we do that, we invest in the kids. We get them jobs. We get them education, the likelihood of them falling into bad ways

is significantly reduced. All those things sound great. The uncomfortable reality about drugs, though, is that when drugs are illegal, criminals sell them. And there's obviously a need for drugs in terms of, not necessarily a need, but a demand for drugs. There's a demand for drugs in this country that's absolutely fueling Mexican cartels and illegal drug runners

inside this country i mean there's there's a lot of that how do you how do you curb that if drugs are illegal well you're raising a deep question yes all right so the question essentially that you're asking is what is the cause of the opioid epidemic? Yes? That's one aspect of it. But the opioid epidemic is interesting because there's so much of it that's coming legally. That's not the drug cartels. That's the pharmaceutical industry. You're right.

But the heroin is illegal. Yes. All right. Now you're asking, this is a very, very deep question, which we don't talk about terribly much. Why is it that so many of our people are turning to drugs, to alcohol, by the way? And I don't mean a drink a night, but I mean serious alcohol problems, and tragically, to suicide. We now have, for the

last three years, something that is ahistorical, never happened before in modern history, and that is our life expectancy is actually going down. And this is hitting all over the country, but it's especially hitting rural areas. And what the doctors are saying is that these are diseases of despair. Despair. So you're in West Virginia. You're in rural Ohio or any place, Vermont, any place. And the job you used to have earning a decent living is now in China. Your kid can't afford to go to college.

Maybe you can't afford health care. You've got nothing to look forward to. Under that scenario, drugs become, alcohol becomes a way out. And the worst case is suicide. So I think what we're talking about is why is this happening, often in rural areas, in urban as well. And how can we reestablish hope and optimism in the American people? And that gets back to a whole lot of other issues. It means if people have healthcare as a right, that will certainly play a role in this thing. They walk into the doctor when they need. But it also means that people need decent jobs

to pay them a living wage. That means we have to rebuild rural America. We have to rebuild the depressed communities in urban America. It means that we have to have a great educational system. And people say, oh, that's great, Bernie. That's utopian. It is not utopian. This is something that in the wealthiest country

in the history of the world we can afford and we should be doing rather than creating a situation where Amazon pays zero in federal income taxes. So to answer your question, this is a deep question. And again, I'm not here to tell you I have all the answers. But there are a lot of people out there who have basically given up hope. And for those people, I guess drugs is the alternative.

So what you're saying essentially is that if we can do something to mitigate despair, then we'll do something to at least stop some of the demand for these illegal drugs. I believe that is the case. Look, if I am optimistic, if I'm excited about going to work tomorrow and I'm seeing my kid doing great in school, and when I get sick, I can go to the doctor's office and have a sense of community. My downtown is not all boarded up because businesses have left, but we have a community. Yeah, the strong likelihood is there will be less diseases of despair and drugs than we currently see.

Now, when we're talking about impoverished communities and chronically, when you're talking about cities like Baltimore or parts of Chicago and Detroit that have just been in a terrible state of despair for long periods of time. And it doesn't seem like there's a way out. The people that are born there, the people that live there, they live in this state of despair. What can be done to resolve all of these terribly impoverished communities and bring them up to a standard where these kids that grow up there, they feel like there is an out, that they do have an opportunity. And why is this not addressed? When we talk about making America great, wouldn't fixing the worst parts of the country be the primary concern? The less people that grow up in a terribly disadvantageous position from birth, wouldn't that be an important thing? And what can you do to resolve that? Well, Joe, I think you said it better than I can. I think

you're right. When we talk about what it means to live in a great society, a great nation, a nation that we're proud of, I'm afraid there are some people who have incredible wealth and power who say, you know what's great? Is that we're seeing a growth in the number of billionaires in America. Isn't that terrific? And we got one guy who's worth $155 billion. How great? Oh, by the way, we're building more nuclear weapons. And we're spending $750 billion a year on the military. Isn't that extraordinary? And by the way, do you see the yacht that that billionaire has? You know, it's three miles long. Isn't that great? Your point is that we have to, I think, because I understand what you're saying, we have to redefine what being a great nation is about. We are not a great nation when we have 40 million people living in poverty and in despair. We're not

a great nation when we have massive levels of income and wealth inequality, when 87 million people can't afford to go to a doctor today. So to answer your question, I think that as a nation, we have got to focus a great deal of attention on those distressed communities. Often they're African American, often they're Latino, often they are rural white communities. And that means making sure that the kids there get the quality education that they deserve, making sure that we're creating good paying jobs in those communities. I voted against NAFTA, permanent normal trade relations with China and other trade agreements, because I knew that those agreements were written by corporate America with the goal of shutting down plants in this country and moving abroad. And the result of

that has been the loss of millions of good paying jobs and the complete destruction of communities all across this country, in the South and all across this country. So we have got to rebuild those communities. We have got to bring high-tech jobs, not just to Silicon Valley, but to rural America. Again, I don't have magic lances, but the goal is we will not, under a Sanders administration, turn our backs on distressed communities. We will rebuild those communities. We will build the millions of units of affordable housing that we need. Now, think about what it means to a community now where people are living in terrible housing or housing they cannot afford. When we put young people to work rebuilding their own communities, will that become an indication of hope and optimism?

I think it will. We're talking about so many deeply important issues and all of them that will be under the control or at least the direction of the one person who winds up becoming the president of the United States. Is it an impossible job? I mean, it seems like being the president, you are managing so many different aspects of our economy, our culture, our safety, our environment, international communication. And it's so in-depth. How does one person do a job like that? Well, one person doesn't do it.

And you certainly don't do it by tweeting every other day. Major policy issues. I think he tweets a lot more than every other day. You know, what you do, and this is the way any sane president operates, is you need to be working with the smartest men and women from all walks of life who understand these issues. Every issue we have touched on, Joe, is enormously complicated. And I can send out a, you know, 20-word tweet on it, but that doesn't solve it. So unlike Trump, we will bring together the best and most knowledgeable people in this country to address the housing crisis, to address the issue of these diseases of despair. We didn't even touch on climate change and then the future of the planet. How do we lead the world in

transforming our energy system and creating the kind of jobs that we need? How do we revitalize American democracy so that instead of suppressing the vote, we're getting more young people involved in the political process? So to answer your question, it is not a one-person job. And anyone who thinks it is, is dead wrong. You need the help of a very strong administration that knows the issues, that comes from the ranks of the working class. And this is the promise I will make.

My administration, unlike Trump's, is not going to be filled with billionaires who's basically very often greedy type people. It is going to be filled with the best people, often from the working class itself, from the trade union movement, people who are going to help us create policies that work for workers and not just the billionaire class. Now, we're getting to the end of your hour here. So climate change is obviously an enormous issue for our country and for the world. What could be done? And what do you think you can do as president that can somehow or another slow down this process?

Well, first of all, we have to have a president who, unlike Trump, believes in science, and I do. And what the scientists are telling us, as I mentioned earlier, is that we have fewer than 12 years to transform our energy system, or else there will be irreparable damage done, not only to our country, but to the world. Now, climate change is not just an American issue. So we could do tomorrow all the right things, but if China and Russia and India and the rest of Brazil and Africa does not do the right thing, we're not going to make the progress we need. So here is what we have to do in my view. Number one, we have to tell the fossil fuel industry that their short-term profits, and they make a whole lot of money, their short-term profits are not more important than the future of this planet. I don't think that's a hard sell to make. You cannot keep producing a product which is destroying the planet in the United States

and around the world. Darrell Bock So by saying that, you're saying you would have to move – we would have to move consciously away from fossil fuels. Richard Wagner No, ifs, buts, and maybes. Darrell Bock And if we do that, how do you tell the fossil fuel companies, do you tell them you can't sell fossil fuels anymore? There are a variety of ways to do that, but that is the bottom line. And by the way, in the midst of that, we do what we call is a just transition.

The guy out on the oil rig today simply wants to feed his family, and the coal miners today want to feed their families. And we're not going to leave them. I'm a pro-worker. I have probably the strongest pro-worker record of any member of the Congress, so it is not my intention to throw these guys out on the, and women, out on the street and ignore the pain that they will go through. We are proposing billions of dollars to rebuild those communities and make sure that those guys and women get new jobs. So we're not just discarding people in the fossil fuel industry. But ultimately, the product that they are producing,

which is now carbon emissions, is destroying the planet. So we have to move away from fossil fuel in a very bold way into energy efficiency. Right now, in my own state of Vermont and all over this country, there are buildings which are incredibly wasteful. We don't have the windows. We don't have the insulation. We don't have the roofing, the doors that we need to keep the buildings warm in the winter and cool in the summer.

And we can create just an incredible number of jobs just retrofitting our buildings. Second of all, we need to move very aggressively to sustainable energies like wind and solar. In California, you're doing a good job with wind. Iowa's doing a good job. Texas doing a good job. We got to do much more. Solar, there is incredible potential out there. Prices of solar has dropped in recent years. And we have got to not only transform the energy system in our own country, we've got to lead the world in working with Russia and China. Because in this issue, we are in it together. And here's my dream, and this may be a utopian dream.

The world right now is spending a trillion and a half dollars on weapons of destruction designed to kill each other. And maybe, just maybe, if we had a kind of leader, and I hope to be that leader, who says to the world, instead of spending a trillion and a half dollars killing each other, maybe we use those resources to transform the global energy system and save the planet for our kids and our grandchildren. That's the goal that I have. Well, these ideas sound great, but in the competitive environment of global politics, how would you convince Russia or China or any of these countries to do something that would put them in some sort of a competitive disadvantage?

Well, and the answer is, Joe, if we do not do that in 50, 100 years, everybody's going to be in terrible disadvantage. And look, I'm not, you know, I'm saying, I'm not telling you that tomorrow it's going to happen, but you've got to make the case. These people, you know, Putin is a dictator. I dislike him intensely. You know, Xi in China, very authoritarian, so forth and so on, but they're not crazy people. And presumably they have concern about their kids and their grandchildren.

This is a planet under siege. You know, I don't want to become a science fiction. You've all seen the movies, the media racing toward Earth. We're going to blow up the Earth. What do we do? Well, we've got to get together. This is, in a sense, what that is about. You know what I think about? In 1941, after Pearl Harbor, all right, we were faced with a war in the east with China,

a war in the west in Europe with Hitler. in the east with China, a war in the west in Europe with Hitler. Within two years, the United States had transformed its economy to address and win the war, basically in two or three years, by re-industrializing America. We can do it. We can lead the world. That's what we have to do. So in your eyes, we have to look at the economy almost as if the same kind of threat, or excuse me, the environment, as if it's the same kind of threat as Nazi Germany, and act together. Look, if you asked the Defense Department, you asked the CIA, you asked the defense people all over the world, tell us what the great national security threat is.

You know what it is? It is climate change. There's a lot of people, though, that are skeptical of this. How would you convince them? I mean, this is a big part of the problem, right? There's a narrative that you hear from a lot of people that, oh, you know, climate change is not a a proven science and climate change is a hoax. And I mean, this is something that's repeated over and over again. And I'm sure some of it has to do with lobbyists and some of it has to do with merchants of doubt that go out there and seed the world with disinformation to try to increase their profits and continue the practices that they're currently enjoying.

You know, Joe, when I'm thinking back, and I don't know if all of you listeners can remember this because I'm older than most, but I can remember tobacco ads, cigarette ads on television. Yes. Doc, the guy dressed in a white frock, smoking away, this is a great cigarette. It'll improve your health. They lied. The tobacco industry knew exactly what was going on. And the fossil fuel industry is lying right now. And the president of the United States is either too stupid to understand what the scientists are telling us, or he is lying as well. Climate change, look,

I am not the scientist. This is not my idea. I listen to the scientists. The debate is long over. Climate change is real. My God, look at what's happening around the world today. The worst, you know, July was, I think, the warmest July or warmest month in the modern history of the world. The Arctic ice is melting. Heat waves in Europe. All right, just look out the window at what's going on. So this is not Bernie Sanders talking. This is the scientific community. Climate change is real. It will only get worse if we do not act boldly to cut carbon emissions. Well, we just did an hour, sir, so I'm going to let you go because I know you've got very important things to do.

One last question. If you got into the office and you found out something about aliens if you found out something about ufos would you let us know well i'll tell you my wife would demand that i let you know is your wife a ufo nut no she's not a ufo no it's just bernie what is going on do you have any access to records you don't have any access i don't honestly i don't know okay you let us know though all right i'll be on the. We'll announce it on the show. Please. All right. You got to.

Thank you, sir. I appreciate your time. Joe, thank you very much. Thank you very much.