The Jordan B. Peterson Podcast - Adam and Eve: Self-Consciousness, Evil, and Death

Episode Date: July 2, 2017

Lecture 4 in my Psychological Significance of the Biblical Stories lecture series I turned my attention in this lecture to the older of the two creation accounts in Genesis: the story of Adam and Eve. In its few short paragraphs, it covers: the emergence of human self-consciousness; mankind's attendant realization of vulnerability, mortality, and death; the origin of the capacity for willful evil, as the ability to exploit that newly-realized vulnerability.

Welcome to the Jordan B. Peterson Podcast. You can support these podcasts by donating to Dr. Peterson's Patreon account, the link to which can be found in the description. Dr. Peterson's self-development programs, self-authoring, can be found at selfauthoring.com. This is Episode 22. This podcast episode is the fourth installment of Dr. Peterson's psychological significance of the B stories lecture series. This episode focuses on Adam and Eve, and is entitled Adam and Eve, Self-consciousness,

Evil and Death. Dr. Peterson will be performing the remainder of the lecture series at the Isabel Bayter Theatre in Toronto. Tickets can be found at JordanBPederson.com slash Bible, hyphen, series, or by finding the link in the description. Hello everyone. So hopefully we're going to get past Genesis 1 today. That's the theory. So I finished my new book yesterday.

Yeah, so that's taken about three years of writing. It's quite a long time to write something. So yeah, I'm done except for the mopping up, you know, copy editing and that sort of thing. So hopefully it's as good as I can make it. I don't know if that's any good, but it's as good as I can make it anyways. All right, so this is... The stories that I'm going to tell you tonight.

I've been thinking about, well, like the ones last week for that matter for a very long period of time, but I think these even longer. And one of the things that I just do not understand, I cannot fathom this, I cannot understand how there can be so much information in such tiny little stories, especially the story of Ce and Abel. That story just every time I read it, it just flattens me because it's only like a paragraph long.

There's just nothing to it, you know? And I think about it, and I think about it, and I think about it, and every time I think about it, another layer comes out from underneath it, and then another layer comes out from underneath it. And I can't figure that out. The rational approach that I've been describing to you is predicated on the idea that these stories have somehow encapsulated wisdom that we generated, interpersonally, and behaviorally, and then an image over very vast stretches of time, and then condensed it into very, very dense articulated words that are then

further refined by the act of being remembered and transmitted and remembered and transmitted, remembered and transmitted over vast stretches of time. And that's a pretty good argument. I'm willing to go with it, but it still never ceases to amaze me how much information, such tiny little passages can contain. So we'll take that apart today. I think it's especially true with the story of Cain and Abel, because it works on the individual

level and it works on the familial level because it works on the individual level and it works on the familial level and it works on the political level and it works at the level of war fair and it works at the level of economics and that's a lot for a little tiny one paragraph story to cover, man. Now you know you could object well with these stories you never know what you're reading into it and what's in the story, right? That's part of let's call it the postmodern dilemma and fair enough. And there's really no answer to that.

Any more than there is an answer to how do you know your interpretation of the world is, well, let's not say correct, but sufficient. There's some answer to that. It's sufficient in if you can act it out in the world, and other people don't object too much and you don't die, and nature doesn't take a bite out of you anymore often than necessary. Those are the constraints within which we live. So you have some way of determining whether your interpretation is at least functionally successful and that's not trivial. And I guess you can say the same thing to the interpretations that might be laid out

on these stories. And at the moment, that's probably good enough. Hopefully you find the interpretations functionally significant at multiple levels. And I also think the chance of managing that by chance is very, very small, you know, to be able to pull off an interpretation of a story that works at multiple levels simultaneously. You think with each level that it applies, the chances that you've stumbled across something by chance have to be decreasing, right?

There's a technical term for that in psychology. It's called something like multi-method, multi-trade method of determining whether or not something is accurate. And the idea is the more ways that you can measure it and get the same result, the more confident you can be that you're not just deluding yourself with your a priori hypotheses. There's actually something out there.

So I guess that's another part of this method is that it's also a method that I use in my speaking, I think. I don't try to tell people anything that isn't personally relevant because you should know why you are being taught something, right? You should know what the fact is good for, and then it should be good for you personally, at least in some sense, and then if you act it out in the world, it should be good for your family and maybe should have some significance for the broader community.

And I think that's what meaning means, and I don't really see the utility in being taught things that aren't meaningful, facts that aren't meaningful, because there's an infinite number of facts, and there's no way you're going to remember all of them. They have to be, they have to have the aspect of tools, essentially, something like that, because we are tool using creatures. Well, these stories have that aspect.

As far as I can tell, there's nothing. There's no doubt about that. So here's the stories in Genesis 2, very famous stories, obviously. Virtually everybody who's even vaguely versed in Western, roughly speaking, Western culture knows these stories. And that's something that's interesting too,

that stories can be so foundational that everybody shares them. I mean, you can say the same thing about a fairly large handful of fairy tales as well, or you could at least until recently. But the fact that stories are foundational, I think, also means that they have to be given a kind of... Well, even if you don't give them any respect, you have to at least treat them as remarkable curiosities. It's why those stories and why did they stick around and why does everybody know them. And it's not self-evident by any stretch of the imagination. And you can use explanations.

Can use the Freudian explanation. Freud sort of thought that the Judeo-Christian was predicated on the idea that the figure of the father, the familial father, was expanded up into cosmic dimension so that mankind existed in the same relationship to the cosmic father, let's say, that an infant or a small child existed in relationship to his or her own father. And that's a reasonable critique, I would say, to some degree. But it does, and this was purposeful, it does imply more than imply in Freud's case that people who adopt religious belief that has a personified figure as at its apex are essentially acting out the role of dependent children.

And I thought about that critique for a long time and believe me that's been a powerful critique. One of the best books I ever read called The Dull of Death by Ernest Becker, I think took that line of argumentation. It developed it as well as any book I've ever seen argue it. Becker tried to bring closure to Freudian psychoanalysis on religion, and he did a pretty wicked job of it. Like, I think the book is seriously flawed and wrong,

but it's really a great book. Like, some books are wrong in really good ways, right? They make a powerful, powerful argument. They really take it to its extreme. I think Becker missed the point, and he missed it in the same way that Freud missed Jung's point, and Becker who wrote this book on the psychology, the psychoanalysis of religion, never referred to Jung except very briefly in the introduction. And I think that was a major mistake. But Becker took

the argument that the hypothesis of God is nothing but an attempt by human beings to recreate quasi infantile state of dependency and to be able to rely on an all-knowing father and to thereby recover the comfort perhaps that we experienced when we were young and had a hypothetically all-knowing father for those of us who were lucky to have someone who vaguely resembled that.

But the more I thought about that, the more that struck me as quite implausible across time. Charles Taylor, I think it was Charles Taylor wrote an interesting book called the, I think it was called The Origins of the Modern Self. He's a McGill philosopher, and I wouldn't necessarily call him a friend of classic religion, but it doesn't matter. He made a very interesting point about Christianity

in particular. He said, well, if you're going to invent a religion that offered you nothing but infantile comfort, why in the world would you bother with conceptualizing hell? That just seems like an unnecessary detail to add to the whole story, right? If it's all about comfort, why would you hypothesize that the consequence of a serious error

was eternal torment? That doesn't really sound very, it isn't the sort of thing that is likely to make you feel comfortable. James Joyce when he wrote about that, said he had terrible nightmares when he was a child because of the hellfire of sermons that Jesuits used to. Spout spew forth, let's say, and he wrote down what he remembered of them, and they were pretty hair-raising. I think in James Joyce's book, I think it was portrait of the artist of a young man.

He talked about the Jesuits telling him that hell was a prison with walls that were seven miles thick, that was always in darkness and consumed by fire, and that the people who were trapped there were continually burnt by this dark fire that gave new light, which also simultaneously rejuvenated their flesh, so that it could be burnt off eternally. In case you were wondering how it was going to be burned off eternally, that's apparently the process. It's not easy for me to see that as an infantile wish fulfillment. I'm afraid now you could, well, you could be a cynic about it.

And Elaine Padgel's who wrote a book on the devil was cynical about it in this manner. She thought that the Christians, so to speak, invented hell as a place to put their enemies. And, you know, yeah, fair enough, but no, that's not accurate, really. Although it's convenient to have a place to put your enemies. Charles Taylor did point out, for example,

that the modern terror of loss of self, let's say, the existential loss of self and loss of meaning, was perhaps roughly paralleled by the medieval terror of hell, you know, in terms of existential intensity. And so it wasn't, hell wasn't merely a place where those people that you didn't care for would end up. It was the place where you were going to go if you didn't walk the line properly. And so I don't think Freud's critique really holds water in the final analysis. And then Marx's critique, of course, was that religion was the obit of the masses. And he made an argument that was similar to Freud's, although somewhat earlier, and made

the based upon the presupposition that religious beliefs were stories told to the gullible masses in order to keep them pacified and happy well. Their corporate overlords for lack of a better purpose continued to exploit them and weaken them. And I find that I find the critique of human institutions as driven entirely by power, very, let's say, questionable to, to say the least. And of course, every human institution

is corrupted by corrupted, is corrupt, by, for one reason or another. And it's also corrupt specifically by such things as deception and arrogance and the demand for unearned power. And the same thing, of course, can be applied to religious systems. But that doesn't mean that they are in some special way characteristic of those faults.

And maybe you think they are, and maybe you can make a case for it. But it's not primath-fasay. I think that's how you say that. Evident that that also is a particularly useful criticism. I don't buy it. I think there's I think that's far too cynical. I think that the people who wrote these stories, first of all, what are you going to do?

You're going to run a bloody conspiracy for 3,000 years successfully. It's like good luck with that. Can't run a conspiracy for 15 minutes without somebody ratting you out. It's impossible. So whatever's at the basis of the construction, not only of these stories, but of the dogmatic structures that emerged from them, I think that it's a terrible mistake

to reduce them to unidimensional explanations. In fact, I generally think that reducing any complex human behavior to unidimensional explanations. In fact, I generally think that reducing any complex human behavior to unidimensional explanation is often the sign of a seriously limited thinker. And I say that with some caution, because Freud did do that with religion, at least to some degree, and Freud was a serious thinker. And Marx, I suppose, was a serious thinker, too, even though... Well...

think or two, even though, well. Yeah, if he's someone, you just, if you have any sense, Marx just leaves you speechless. So anyway, so that's all to say that I don't think there's any simple explanation for how these stories have the power that they have. I really don't. I don't think you can reduce it to political conspiracy. That's for sure. I don't think you can reduce it to psychological infantilism.

I think you can make a case like I have that they are repositories of the collective wisdom of the human race. I had an interesting letter this week from someone, I get a lot of interesting letters. I think I'm going to make an archive out of them and put them on the web at some point with people's permission, obviously. And he said that he had been following my lectures and noted that I had been making what you might describe as a quasi-biological or evolutionary case for the emergence of the

information that the stories contain. And he said, well, how do you know that someone from a different religious tradition, or speaking of a different religious tradition, couldn't do exactly the same thing. And I thought, well, first of all, to some degree they could, because there is overlap. Like, I've talked to you a little bit about Dao's, for example, and the Daoist view of being as the eternal balance between chaos and order. One thing I didn't tell you, I don't think about that, and I don't know if you know this,

but there's a neuropsychologist named Elkonen Goldberg, who was a student of Alexander Luria, and Luria was, I think, the greatest neuropsychologist of the 20th century. He was a Russian, and he was one of the first people to really determine, in large part, the function of the 20th century, he was a Russian. And he was one of the first people to really determine, in large part, the function of the frontal cortex, which was quite a mystery for a very long period of time.

And Goldberg, you know how we have two hemispheres, right? We have a left hemisphere and a right hemisphere. And people often think of the left for right-handed people, right-handed males, more particularly, because women are more neurologically diffuse. It's one of the things that makes more robust to head injury, for example. And maybe men are less diffused and somewhat more specialized,

which makes them a bit more specialized, but a little more subject to damage. Anyways, we have two hemispheres left in the right, and no one exactly knows why, and we know that they house quasi independent consciousnesses, because if you divide the corpus callosum that unites them, which was done in cases of intractable epilepsy, for example, that each hemisphere is capable of developing its own consciousness to some degree, the right generally nonverbal and the left verbal.

And so there has been this idea that the left is a verbal hemisphere, and the right is a nonverbal hemisphere. But that can't be right because, of course, animals don't talk and they have a bifurcated hemisphere. So if it's right, it's not causally right. Right. Now Goldberg hypothesized instead that the hemispheres were specialized for rootinization and non-rootinization or for novelty and familiarity or for chaos in order. And so that's pretty damn cool. When I ran across that, I also thought about that as a signal of what would you call it? Multimethed, multi-trait, construct validation, because I'd never thought of the hemispheres as operating that way. and Goldberg came up with this in a historical pathway

that was entirely independent from any mythologically inspired thinking, completely independent. In fact, it was motivated more by materialist, Russian, neuropsychology, which was materialist for political reasons, and also for scientific reasons. But the idea is that we have one hemisphere that reacts very rapidly to things we don't know. And it's more imaginative and diffuse,

and it's associated more with negative emotion, because negative emotion is what you should feel immediately when you encounter something you don't understand. Because it's a form of thinking, right? Negative emotion, it's like I'm somewhere where things aren't with what they should be. Right, hemisphere does that, generates images very rapidly

to help you figure out what might be there, and then the left hemisphere takes that and develops it into something that's more articulated and algorithmic and fully understood. And so then there's this dynamic balance between the right and the left hemisphere where the left tries to impose order on the world, that's Ramashandran, who's a neurologist in California, a very famous neurologist who also developed a theory like Goldbergs, who said that the left hemisphere imposes routinized order on the world, and the right hemisphere generates novelty and reacts to novelty and generates novel hypotheses.

And he thought, and there is some good evidence for this, that's what's happening during the dream is that information has moved from the right hemisphere to the left hemisphere in small doses, basically. So that the novel revelations of the right hemisphere don't demolish the algorithmic structures that the left hemisphere has so carefully put together. So, and I like that theory too because it also does help justify the hypothesis that I've

been laying out for you, which is that, you know, there's part of us that extends ourselves out into the world and tries to understand what we don't know. And that that part extends itself out with behavior and also with emotion and also with image and then maybe with poetry and then maybe with storytelling. And then as that develops, then we develop more and more articulated representations of that emergent knowledge. And so you can map that quite nicely onto the neurologists and the neuropsychologists' presumption about what constitutes the reason for the hemispheric differentiation. But the other thing that's so cool about the hemispheric differentiation argument as far as I'm concerned, and this is really, this is worth thinking about, man, because it's a real,

it's a real, there's a word that Ned Flanders uses for that. Noggin scratcher, I think it's something like that. Anyways, we do make the assumption that what it is that we are biologically adapted to is reality. It's actually an axiomatic definition if you're a Darwinian, because nature is what selects. By definition, that's what nature is. It's what selects. And if the nature that selects has forced upon you

a dual hemispheric structure, because half of you has to deal with chaos and half of you has to deal with order, then you can make a pretty damn strong inferential case that the world has made out of chaos in order. And that's really something to think about, man. So you can think about that for a while if you want. So anyways, for whatever reason, there is a lot packed into these stories.

And so, let's investigate a couple more of them. We'll start with this story of Adam and Eve. Now, you may remember that the Bible is a series of books. Bible actually means something akin to library. And these books were written by all sorts of different people, and groups of people, and groups of editors, and groups of people who edited over and over across very, very large periods of time.

So they're authored by no one and many at the same time. There was a tradition for a long time that the earliest books were written by Moses, but that's probably not technically correct, even though it might be dramatically correct, let's say, or correct in the way that a fairy tale is correct. And I'm not trying to put down fairy tales by saying that. But there's a number of authors, and the way the authors have been identified tentatively

is by certain stylistic commonalities across the different stories, different uses of words, like the words for God, different poetic styles, different topics, and so forth. And people have been working for probably 200 years, roughly that, to try to sort out who wrote what and how that was all called together. But it doesn't really matter for our purposes, what matters is that it's an aggregation of collected narrative traditions. And maybe you could say it's an aggregation of collected narrative wisdom.

We don't have to go that far, but we can at least say it's aggregated narrative traditions. And that there was some reason that those traditions and all the others were kept in that there were some reasons complex though they may have been, why they were sequenced in the order that they were sequenced. Because one of they were sequenced because one of the things that's really remarkable about the Bible as a document is that it actually has a plot. And that's really something. I mean, it's sprawling and it goes many places.

But the fact that something's been cobbled together over several thousand years, maybe four thousand years, maybe longer than that if you include the oral traditions that preceded it. And God only knows how old those are, that collective imagination, part of the human collective imagination has cobbled together a library with a plot.

And like I see the Bible as an attempt, a collective attempt by humanity has solved the deepest problems that we have. And I think those problems are the problems of, primarily the problem of self-consciousness. The fact that not only do we are remortal and that we die, but that we know it, and that's the unique, that's the unique predicament of human beings.

And it makes all the difference. And I think that's laid out in Adam and Eve, in the story of Adam and Eve. I think the reason that that makes us unique and is laid out in that story. And interestingly, I really realized this only after I was doing the last three lectures. So the Bible presents a cataclysm at the beginning of time, which is the emergence of self-consciousness and human beings, which puts a rift into the structure of being. That's the right way to think about it. And that's really given cosmic

significance. Now, you can dispense with that and say, well, you know, nothing that happens to human beings is of cosmic significance because where these short-lived, you know, mold-like entities that are like cancers on this tiny little planet that's rotating out in the middle of nowhere, on the edge of some unknown galaxy in the middle of nowhere on the edge of some unknown galaxy in the middle of infinite space and nothing that happens to us matters. And it's fine, like you can walk down that road if you want, I wouldn't recommend it. I mean, and that's part of the reason I think that for all intents and purposes, it's untrue. It isn't a road you can walk down and live well. In fact, I think if you really walk down that road and you really take it seriously,

you end up not living at all. So it's certainly very reminiscent. I've talked to lots of people who are suicidal and seriously suicidal. The kind of conclusions that they draw about the utility of life prior to wishing for its cessation are very much like the kind of conclusions that you draw. If you walk down that particular line of reasoning long enough,

if you're interested in that, you could read Tolstoy's Confessions, Leo Tolstoy's Confession. It's a very short book. It's a killer, man. It's a powerful book, very, very short. And Tolstoy describes his obsession with suicide when he was at the height of his fame. Most well-known author in the world, you know, huge family, international fame,

wealth beyond anyone's imagining at that time, influential admired he had everything that you could possibly imagine that everyone could have. And for years he was afraid to go out into his barn with a rope or a gun because he thought he'd either hang himself or shoot himself. And he did get out of that.

He, and he describes why that happened and where he went when that happened. And so if you're interested in that, that's a very good book. But so the biblical stories, and starting with Adam and Eve, they present a different story. They present the emergence of self-consciousness in human beings as a cosmically cataclysmic

event. And you could say, well, what do we have to do with the cosmos? And the answer to that is it depends on what you think consciousness has to do with the cosmos. And perhaps that's nothing. And perhaps it's everything. I'm going to go with everything because that's how it looks to me. Now, of course, anyone who wishes to is welcome to disagree.

But if you believe that consciousness is a force of cosmic significance, which being itself is dependent on in any real sense, at least in any experiential sense, that it's not unreasonable to assume that radical restructuring of consciousness can worthily be granted some kind of cosmic or metaphysical significance. And even if it's not true,

from outside the human perspective, whatever that might be, it's bloody well true from within the human perspective, that's for sure. And so that's the initial event, in some sense, after the creation is the cataclysmic fall, and then the entire rest of the Bible is an attempt to figure out what they held to do about that.

And everything in it is, and so you could say, for example, in the earliest, in the Old Testament stories, what seems to happen is that the state of Israel is founded, and it rises and falls and rises and falls. And so there's this experimentation for centuries, or millennia, even, with the idea that the way that you protect yourself against the tragic consequences of self-consciousness is by organizing yourself into a state. But then what happens is the state itself begins to reveal its pathologies. And as those pathologies mount, the state becomes unstable and collapses, and then it rises back up

and becomes unstable and collapses, and then it rises back up. After it does this a number of times, this is primarily from Northrop prize interpretations. People start wondering if there's not something wrong with the idea that the state itself is the pathway, is the place of redemption, that there's something wrong with that idea. And so then, I think on the heels of that, comes the Christian revolution with its hypothesis that it's not the state that's the place of salvation, it's the individual psyche. And then there's an ethic that goes along with that too, which is quite interesting. So the ethic of redemption after the state experiment fails, let's say, is that it's within

the individual that redemption can be manifested, let's say. And even in so far as the state is concerned because the state's proper functioning is dependent on the proper functioning of the individual rather than the reverse, most fundamentally, and that the proper mode of individual being that's redemptive is truth, and truth is the antidote to the suffering that emerges with the fall of man in the story of Adam and Eve. And then that relates back to the chapters

that we've already talked about, because there's this insistence in Genesis 1 that it's the word in the form of truth that generates order out of chaos. But even more importantly, and this is something, like I said, I'm most clearly realized just doing these lectures for the last three weeks is God continues to say, as he speaks order into being with truth,

that the being he speaks into being is good. And so there's this insistence that the being that spoke into being through truth is good. And so there's a hint there. It's so interesting. There's a hint there right at the beginning of the story that the state of being that Adam and Eve inhabited before they fell, before they became self-consciousness, conscious in so far as they were made in the image of God and acting out the truth that being itself was properly balanced. And it takes the entire Bible to rediscover that, which is a journey back to the beginning. And that's a classic theme, that's a

classic mythological theme, that the wise person is the person who finds what they lost in childhood and regains it, right? So that's a I Think that's a Jewish idea that Zadi if I remember correctly Who is a Messiah figure is the person who finds what he lost in childhood and regains it his idea of this Return to the beginning except that the return is you don't fall backwards into childhood and unconsciousness. You return voluntarily to the state of childhood well awake and then determine to participate through truth in the manifestation of proper being.

Now I'm a psychologist and I've taught personality theory for a very long time and I know personality theory is that profound personality theory is pretty well and and I'm reasonably well-versed in philosophy, although not as well-versed as I should be, but I can tell you, in all the things I've ever read or encountered or thought about, I have never once found an idea that matches that in terms of profundity, but not only profundity, also in believability, because the other thing I see

is a clinician, and I think this is a very characteristic of clinical experience, and also very much described explicitly by the great clinicians, is that what cures in therapy is truth. That's the curative. Now, there's exposure to the things you're afraid of and avoiding as well, but I would say that's a form of enacted truth, because if you know there's something you should do by your own set of rules rules and you're avoiding it, then you're enacting a lot. You're not telling one, but you're acting one out.

It's the same damn thing. So if I can get you to face what it is that you're confronting that you know you shouldn't be avoiding, then what's happening is that we're both partaking in the process of attempting you to act out your deepest truth. And what happens is that that improves people's lives. And it improves them radically. And the evidence, the clinical evidence for that is overwhelming.

We know that if you expose people to the things they're afraid of, but that they're avoiding, they get better. And you have to do it carefully and cautiously and with their own participation and all of that. But of all the things that clinicians have established that's credible, that's number one. And that's nested inside this deeper realization that the clinical experience is redemptive,

let's say, because it's designed to address suffering in so far as the people who are engaged in the process are both telling each other the truth. And then you think, well, obviously, because if you have some problems and you come to talk to me about them, well, first of all, just by coming to talk to me about them, well first of all just by coming to talk to me about them You've admitted that they exist. Man, that's a pretty good start and second Well, if you tell me about them, then we know what they are and then if we know what they are we can maybe start to lay out some Solutions and then you can go act out the solutions and see if they work But if you don't admit they're there and you won't tell me what they are, and I don't, and I'm like posturing and acting egotistically and taking the upper hand and

all of that in our discussions, how the hell is that going to work? It might be comfortable moment to moment while we stay encapsulated in our delusion, but it's not going to work. So a lot of that seems, if you think it through, it seems pretty self-evident. Freud thought that repression was at the heart of much mental suffering, the difference between repression and deception is a matter of degree, and that's all.

It's technical. It's a technical differentiation. And Alfred Adler, who was one of Freud's greatest associates, that's saying, much underappreciated, I would say, he thought that people got into problems because they started to act out a life lie. That's what he called it, a life lie. That's worth looking up, because Adler, although not as charismatic as Freud, was very practical and really foreshadowed a lot of later developments in cybernetic theory.

And, of course, Jung believed that you could bypass psychotherapy entirely by merely making a proper moral effort in your own life. And Carl Rogers believed that it was honest communication mediated through dialogue that had redemptive consequences and the behaviors believe that you do a careful micro-analysis of the problems that are laid before you and help introduce people to what they're avoiding. It's like all of those things to me

are just secular variations of the notion that truth will set you free, essentially. So you know, it's a pretty powerful story. And A, it's not that easy to dispense with and B. The other thing is you dispense with it at your peril, because what I have seen as well is that the people that I've seen who've been really hurt have been hurt mostly by deceit. And that's also worth thinking about that. You get walloped by life.

There's no doubt about that. Absolutely no doubt about that. But I've thought for a long time that maybe people can handle earthquakes and cancer and even death, maybe. But they can't handle betrayal and they can't handle deception. They can't handle having the rug pulled out from underneath and by people that they love and trust. Not just does them in.

It makes them ill, but it does, where it hurts them, psychophysiologically, it damages them. But more than that, it makes them cynical and bitter and vicious and resentful, and then they also start to act all that out in the world, and that makes it worse. So, so you know, the story starts, God uses the spoken truth to create being that is good, and then the cataclysm occurs. And then human beings spend untold millennia trying to sort out exactly what to do about the fact that they've become self-conscious. And by the way, we have, right? We are in fact self-conscious. No other animal has that distinction.

Now you'll read that chimpanzees can, for example, if you put lipstick on a chimpanzee, it's kind of a strange thing to do. Yeah, well, I won't pursue that any further. But the chimpanzee will wipe off the lipstick if you show it a mirror. And dolphins seem to be able to recognize themselves in mirrors. And there is the glimmerings of self-conscious recognition in other animals, but to put that in the same conceptual category as human self-consciousness is, to my way of thinking, it's, well, it's uninformed to say the least, but I also think that it's motivated, it's motivated

by a kind of anti-humanistic underlying motivation, because our self-consciousness is so incredibly developed compared to that, that they're hardly in the same conceptual universe. It's like comparing the alarm cries of vervet monkeys when they see a predator to the language of human beings. It's like, yeah, yeah, yeah, there's some similarities, man. There are utterances, and there are utterances with meaning, but they're not language, and the self-consciousness of animals is proto-self-consciousness, and it's only there

in a very small number of animals, and it's nothing like ours. They're not aware of the future like we are. They're not aware of their boundaries in space and time, and that's the critical thing, and most particularly time, human beings discovered time. And when we discovered time, we discovered the end of each of our being. And that made all the difference. And that's what the story of Adam and Eve is about.

So, Genesis 1's derived from the priestly source where God is known as Elohim or El Shaddai. And there's God in the singular and there's God in the plural. And I suppose that's because it seems that if you analyze the history of the development of monotheistic ideas, that monotheism emerges out of a plurality of God. And as I mentioned, I think it's because the gods represent fundamental forces at minimum. And those fundamental forces have to be hierarchically organized with something absolute at the top.

Because otherwise, they do nothing but war. You have to organize your values hierarchically or you stay confused. And that's true of your individual. And it's true of your estate. If you don't know what the next thing you should do is, then there's 50 things you stay confused. And that's true if you're an individual, and it's true of your estate. If you don't know what the next thing you should do is, then there's 50 things you should do. And then how are you going to do any of them?

You can't. You have to prioritize. Something has to be above something else. It has to be arranged in a hierarchy for it, not to be chaotic. And so there's some principle at the top of the hierarchy, and maybe the organization of the gods over time, that's the battle of gods that Mercea Elietta talked about.

And if you're interested in that, you could read a history of religious ideas, which I would really recommend. It's a three volume book. It's actually quite a straightforward read as far as these things go. And Elietta does a very nice job of describing how and even why polytheism tends towards monotheism. Even in polytheistic cultures,

there's a strong tendency for the gods to organize themselves in the hierarchy with one god at the top. In a monotheistic culture, in some sense, all the other gods just disappear across time. And there's nothing left but the top god. But even in a polytheistic society, there's a hierarchy of power among the gods.

The first story is newer than the second one. So the story I'm going to tell you today is actually older than the one I already told you, even though their order was flipped by the redactor, who's the hypothetical person or persons who edited these stories together. And we don't know exactly why he or the committee, or what I suspect it was a single person, but who knows.

We don't know why the stories were edited together in the order that they were edited together, but we could infer. I mean, they were edited together in that order because the editor thought they made sense that way because that's what an editor does, right? An editor tends to take diverse ideas and then to organize them in some manner that makes sense.

And part of the manner that makes sense is that you can tell them to people and the makes sense is that you can tell them to people and the people stay interested, and you can tell them to people. And people remember them. That's one of the ways you can tell if you've got an argument right, because it's communicable and understandable and memorable. And so this person was, let's say, motivated by intuition

to organize the stories in this particular manner. So the second, the Yahweh's strand contains the classic stories in the Pentateuch, that's five books, Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy, which we'll try to get through perhaps in these twelve lectures, we'll see how that goes. It's strongly anthropomorphic, so the God in the always account is for all intents and purposes, is a sort of meta person. And I dealt with that a little bit last week because people tend to think of that as unsophisticated,

but when you think that the mind, that the ground of consciousness is the most complex thing that we know of, then it's not so unsophisticated to assume that the most complex thing that we know of, then it's not so unsophisticated to assume that the most complex thing that there might be is like that, or at least it's as good as we can do with our imaginations. And so I don't think it's so unsophisticated. It's also the case, and this is practically speaking, is that it is not at all unreasonable to think of God, the Father, as the Spirit that arises from the crowd that exists into the future. Right? And that's we talked about

that in relationship to the idea of sacrifice, at least a little bit, or we're going to. You make sacrifices in the present so that the future is happy with you. And the question is, what is that future that would be happy with you? And the answer to that is, it's the spirit of humanity. That's who you're negotiating with because you make the assumption that if you forego impulsive pleasure and get your medical degree, that when you're done in 10 years and you're a physician, humanity as such will honor your sacrifice and commitment and open the doors to you. So you're treating the future as if it's a single being and you're also treating it as if it's something like a compassionate judge. You're acting that out and maybe we had to

imagine God in that form before we could understand, once we started to understand that there was a future perhaps, we had to imagine God in that form in order to concretize something that we could bargain with so that we could figure out how to use sacrifice to figure out how to guide ourselves into the future. Because as sacrifice is a contract with the future, but it's not a contract with any particular person, it's a contract with the spirit of humanity as such. It's something like that. And so when you think about it that way, that should make you faint with amazement because that is such a bloody, amazing idea

to come up with that idea that you can bargain with the future. That is some idea, man. That's like the major idea of humankind. We suffer. What do we do about it? We figure out how to bargain with the future. And we minimize suffering in that manner. It's like no other animal does that either, you know, like lions, they just eat everything. I think a wolf can eat 40 pounds of meat in a single

sitting, right? It's like there's some meat eat it. It's like not like save some mammoth for tomorrow. That's a, that's, well, that's not a wolf thing, man. That's a human thing and that might mean you have to be hungry today or maybe you're a farmer, you know farmer several thousand years ago, six thousand years ago, or so what agriculture first got going, and you're starving to death, waiting for the spring planting, and you think we build a bloody well, better not eat those seeds, right? And that's really something to be able to control yourself

to make the future real, to put off what you could use today, and not just in some impulsive manner, man, maybe your kids are starving to death, you think, we are not touching the seeds that we need for the future. And for human beings to have discovered that and then to also have figured out that we could bargain with the future, it's like, man, that's something. And I think that that, I think that the stories that are laid out in this book actually describe, at least in part, the process by which that occurred. The always stories begin with Genesis 2.4.

This is the account of the heavens and the earth, wind. So there's two real creation stories at the beginning. The newer one, which is the first one, and the older one, which is the second one. And the older one begins in chapter 2, and that's the story that we're going to, that we are getting into now. Adam and Eve are in that, can't enable,

know what, the Tower of Bab Babel in the Awest strand, Exodus numbers along and there's some of the priestly version in there too as well as the 10 commandments. Well, there's some lovely representations of of paradise. This is a Garden of Earthly Delights,

what's his name? Say that, Bosch, yes, I run him a Bosch, yes, a crazy, I mean, if you, how he didn't get burnt at the stake is absolutely beyond me. I mean, you know, some of you know about Salvador Deli, I suppose most of you do. I mean, Deli's a piker compared to the Iron-O-Mas Bosch, man. You could spend, because there's three pieces of this particular painting. You could spend a very bizarre and surreal month looking at that painting. I don't know what it was with bush, but he was some sort of creature that only popped up once and probably for the best.

And so there's been very many representations of paradise. I mean, God only knows what that is. It's like, I could probably guess, but I won't. And then look, I mean, that's the lie in lying down with the lamb, right? So that's this idea that's maybe projected back in time, that there was a time, or maybe will be a time, when the horrors of life are no longer necessary for life itself to

exist. And the horrors of life are of course that everything eats everything else and that everything dies and that everything's born and that the whole bloody place is a charnel house and it's a catastrophe from beginning to end. And this is the vision of it being other than that. And you know, there's a strong idea, this is also implicit in the alchemical ideas, and I think it's also implicit in the scientific revolution that human beings can interact with reality in such a way so that the tragic and evil elements of it

can be mitigated and so that we can move somewhat closer to a state that might be characterized, well, that's obviously imagistic, but it might be characterized by something like that where we have the benefits of actual existence without all of the catastrophe that seems to go along with it. And Carl Jung, when he wrote about the emergence of alchemy, or the emergence of science from alchemy,

he thought of science as being motivated by a dream, because for Jung, the dream was the manifestation of the instincts. It was the manifestation of the instincts. It was the boundary between the instincts and thinking. He said, well, science has nested inside a dream. And the dream is that if we investigated the structures of material reality with sufficient attention and truth, then learn enough about material reality to alleviate suffering, to produce the philosopher's stone, to make everybody wealthy, to make everybody healthy, to make everyone live as long as they wanted to live, or perhaps forever,

that that's the goal, to alleviate the catastrophe of existence, and that idea, the idea that mysteries, the solution to the mysteries of life that might enable us to develop such as substance, or let's say a multitude of substances, provided the mode of force for the development of science, and Jung traced that, the development of that mode of force really over a thousand years. And if you're interested in reading his books on alchemy, which are extraordinarily difficult, and that's really saying something about Jung because all of his books are difficult. And then the books on alchemy, they kind of take a quantum leap.

That's actually a very small leap, so I shouldn't say that. They take a massive leap into a whole different dimension of complexity, but that's what he was trying to get at. He went back into the alchemical texts and interpreted them as if they were the dream on which science was founded. Newton was an alchemist, by the way. I mean, Jung's hypotheses are certainly well supported

by the historical facts. Science did emerge out of alchemy. The question is what were the alchemamas up to? And they were trying to produce the philosopher's stone, and that was the universal medicament for mankind's pathology. Jung felt that what had happened was that Christianity had promised that, the cessation of suffering, promised it for a thousand years, and yet suffering went on, unabated. And at the same time, Christianity had attempt to really put emphasis on spiritual development,

let's say, at the expense of material development, thinking of material development as something akin to a sin, trying to get a control of impulsivity and all the things that went along with a two embodied existence. There was a reason for it, but that by about 1,000 AD, the European mind somewhat educated by that point, somewhat able to concentrate on a thousand AD, the European mind, somewhat educated by that point,

somewhat able to concentrate on a single point, perhaps because of a very long history of intense religious training, turned its dream to the unexplored material world and thought, well, you know, the spiritual redemption that we've been seeking didn't appear to produce the result that was promised or intended. And so maybe there's another place that we've been seeking didn't appear to produce the result that was promised or intended, and so maybe there's another place that we should look,

and that was in the damned material world, right, which was supposed to be at least according to some elements of classic thinking, nothing but the creation of the devil. But the three point I'm making is that, you know, it's very difficult to underestimate the amount of human motivation that's embedded in the attempt to alleviate suffering, to eradicate disease, to help people live a healthy life.

And well, that's the disease, obviously. But to live a long life as well, and to make things as peaceful as possible, I mean, you can be cynical about people, and you can talk about them as motivated by power and being corrupt and all of those things and all of those things are true. But you shouldn't throw away the baby with the bathwater

because we have been striving for a very long time to set things right. And we've done actually not too bad a job of it for half-starving crazy insect-ridden chimpanzees with life spans of 50 to 70 years. So, you know, we could deserve a bit of sympathy for our position as far as I'm concerned. So...

Applause Some other representations. This one I like, the one on the left. That's Paradise as a walled garden, and that's what Paradise means. It's Paradise Day's Desa, which is, I don't remember the language, it's associated with Persian. Paradise means walled garden. And why a walled garden? Well, it goes back to the chaos order idea. So this is where God puts man and woman after the creation.

In a walled garden, well, the wall is culture and order, and the garden is nature, and the idea is the proper habitat is nature and culture and balance. And so while we like gardens, well, why? Because while they're not completely covered with weeds and mosquitoes and black flies, right? So they're civilized a little bit, but still within that

civilization, nature, and it's more and benevolent guys, is encouraged to flourish. And people find that rejuvenating. And so the idea that paradise, the proper habitat of a human being, is a walled garden, is a good one. And it's walled because, well, you want to keep things out, right? I mean, raccoons, for example.

You want to keep those things out, man, even though it's impossible. And you don't want, well, there's all sorts of things you don't want in your garden like snakes. Walls don't seem to be much use against them. But the idea that Paradise is a wall garden is an echo back to the chaos order idea. Walls culture, right? Garden nature.

So the proper human habitat is a properly tended garden. Now the radical left leaning anti-theist environmentalists tend to make the case that the predations of the Western capitalist system are a consequence of the injunction that was delivered in Genesis by God to man, to go out and dominate the earth. David Suzuki has talked a lot about this, by the way. They believe that that statement has given rise to our inappropriate assumption

that we have the right to exert control over the world, and that that's what's turned us into these terrible, predatory monsters, sometimes described as cancers on the face of the Earth or viruses that have inhabited the entire ecosystem, who are doing nothing but wandering everywhere and wreaking havoc as rapidly as we possibly can, which is another perspective on the essential element of humankind that I find absolutely deplorable.

I mean, if you look at the historical record, for example, even casually, you'll find out that as early as, as late as the late 1800s, 1895 there about Thomas Huxley, who is eldest Huxley's grandfather and a great defender of Darwin, prepared a report for the British government on ocean sustainability. And his conclusion was, fish awake, guys, man. There are so many fish out there. The oceans are so inexhaustible that no matter how hard humanity

tried for any number of years, the probability that we could do more than put a dent in what was out there was zero. Now, Huxley turned out to be wrong. He didn't realize that our population was going to spike so dramatically partly because we got a little bit rich rich and our children stopped dying at the rate of like 60% before they were one years old. You know, we actually managed to populate the earth with a few people, but it wasn't really

until 1960 or so that we woke up to the fact that there were so many of us that we actually had to start paying attention to what we were doing to the planet. And that's like what, 50 years ago. Well, we've just started to develop the technology, the wherewithal to understand that the whole world might be well considered a garden. And we need to live inside the proper balance between culture and order or culture and chaos. Before that, we were spending all of our time just

trying not to die and usually very unsuccessfully. So, I don't agree with that interpretation of the opening sections of Genesis. I don't believe that it's given human being the right to act as super predators on the planet. I think that instead the proper environment for human beings is presented quite properly as a garden and that the role of people, and that's explicitly stated in the second story in Adam and Eve, was to tend the garden. And that means to make the proper decisions

and to make sure that everything thrives in flourishes and so that it's good for the things that are living there that aren't just people, but also good for the people too. So fine, I think we can, we could at least note that that's a slightly different take on the story than the ultimately cynical interpretation that's so commonly put forward today. Now inside that, Wal Garden is a couple of trees

and Adam and Eve and some animals and all of that. And unfortunately, the tree happens to have a snake wrapped around it. Now that's an interesting thing. We're going to talk about that a lot. And the snake in both of these representations says, this is no ordinary snake. Say it's got a human head and it's got a human head there too. So whatever that snake is, well, let's forget about looking at this from a religious perspective,

like if you can. Just imagine that you're an anthropologist and you've never seen this image before. It religious perspective, like if you can, just imagine that you're an anthropologist and you've never seen this image before. It's like, what do you see? Well, you see walls and you see something a fairly pleasant enclosure and then you see us a tree and people are eating from the tree, but the tree has a snake in it that has a human head. And so then you might think, well, what's a snake with a human head?

And then you'd think, well, it's half snake and half human. That's hardly revelatory. It's just self-evident. So whatever that snake is, isn't just a snake. It's snake and human. Or it's snake and partakes in whatever human beings are. And that's very important. So we'll consider that later.

And you see the same thing here. And you see, in this particular version, there's the head. This one also has wings. And so this is a wing snake, sort of like a dragon. And so it crawls on the ground like a reptile. And it's got an aerial aspect or a spiritual aspect. So here it's a snake, which is like the lowest form of reptilian life, say. Something that crawls on the ground, it's something that's human,

and it's something that's spiritual at the same time. And it inhabits the tree, which look a lot like magic mushrooms, by the way. And you can look that up if you want. That's quite an interesting little rabbit hole to wander down if you're curious about it. But there's an idea here too, is that there was something in the garden at the beginning of time that was like a snake, that was like a person, that was like something that was winged. It was something spiritual, so it's spiritual person that was like something that was winged. It was something spiritual.

So it's spiritual human and reptilian all at the same time. And it's the animating spirit of the tree. Okay, so keep that in mind. Thus the heavens and the earth were finished. This is in relationship to Genesis 1 and all the host of them. And on the seventh day, God ended his work, which he had made. And he rested on the seventh day from all his work, which he had made. And God rested on the 7th day from all his work, which he had made. And God blessed the 7th day in sanctified it because that, in it, he had rested from all

his work, which God created and made. That's wisdom in that one too, I think, the idea of the Sabbath, you know, because one of the things I've worked with a lot of people who were hyper conscientious and think about hyper conscientious people is that they'll just work till they die. And that's actually not very productive because then they're dead and they can't work. And so what you have to do with hyper conscientious people is you have to say, well, I know you'd rather do nothing but work and maybe you're just as guilty

as you can possibly be when you're not working. But let's figure out what you're up to and what you're up to in all probability is the attempt to be productive in the least problematic, longest sustaining possible manner. And that might mean you have to take a rest. And so one of the things I used to work with lawyers with people who had risen to the top of large law firms

and they were hyperproductive types, they were often trying to hit their impossible quota for yearly hours and burning themselves to a frazzle as a consequence. And one of the things that we used to do was, they couldn't work fewer hours, because a day that just didn't work. But what we did was we'd have them take more time off,

you know, like a four day weekend, every two months or something that was plotted out into the future. And then we tracked their billable hours, which is their degree of productivity, it would actually increase. So that was so cool because you could take hardworking people and you could say,

look, you know, take a break. Why? Well, because you you could say, look, take a break. Why? Well, because you'll be more productive if you take a break. No, that couldn't possibly be. I should just work flat out all the time. It's like, let's test that out. You take a break now and that. It's like, well, what happened?

Was there productivity would increase often by 10%. So there's wisdom here, too, which is okay. And this is alludes to the Adam and Eve story near the end. You're self-conscious, you discover the future, you have to work. Well, then the question is how much should you work? And one answer is, you let her bloody well work all the time because no matter how much work you do, you're not solving your problems. They're coming along, man. And you can stack up all the money you want, you can stack up all the wealth you want. It is not going to protect you in the final analysis.

So you better be hitting the ground running and you better run flat out all the time. Well, what happens if you do that? Well, then you die. That's not a good solution. So maybe you should rest. And so how does that rest get instantiated? Well, it's not easy to tell, but one way to do it,

let's say conceptually, is to say, look, even God had to rest one day a week. And so you don't have to be so presumptuous to assume that if God had to rest one day a week, that maybe you are allowed to work nonstop without a break at all. And I think our culture has slipped into that in quite a dangerous way,

because everything is open all the time. And I mean, I'm slipped into that in quite a dangerous way because everything is open all the time. And I mean, I'm, I'm fine, that just is convenient as the rest of you. But, you know, it's so strange to talk to modern people because one of the things they always tell you, we say, well, how are you? And what do they always say? They don't say good. They don't say bad.

They say, busy. It's like, yeah, well, okay. This is where Genesis two starts, and we finally got there. These are the generations of the heavens and of the earth when they were created, in the day that the Lord God made the earth and the heavens. And every plant of the field before it was in the earth

and every herb of the field before it grew, for the Lord God had not caused it to rain upon the earth, and there was not a man to till the ground. But there went up a mist from the earth and watered the whole face of the ground. And the Lord God formed man of the dust of the ground and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life, and man became a living soul. Well, you know, there's some archaic thinking in there, the breath is life, right? That's psyche, that's spirit, that's inspiration, that's respiration, that's all associates. It's Numa, like pneumatic tire, it's breath, and the reason that people associated life with breath,

well, that's not so foolish, you know, I mean, you're breathing, man, and something you do all the time, and when you die, you start breathing, and so the idea that there's something integral to life about breathing is a perfectly reasonable supposition, it actually happens to be very true. And then to associate the act of creation with the act of, first of all, inspiration and respiration and the breathing of life into something that was inanimate is, well, what do you expect for a one-centred description? It's not a bad one-centred description, you know? So, and the Lord God planted a gardened eastward in Eden. And Eden means well-watered place. And that's particularly relevant, I suppose, if you're a desert dweller, right?

Because the issue there is, can you get enough water to make things grow? And so the wall garden, which is paradise, is also Eden, which is a well-watered place. And water has the element of chaos. We already saw that in relationship to Genesis 1, where the underlying chaos was often assimilated symbolically to water. And so the idea too is that a certain amount of chaos has to be brought into the order for it to be fruitful. And you can see that in the form of allowing in the water. And out of the ground made the Lord God

to grow every tree that is pleasant to the site and good for food. The tree of life, also in the midst of the garden garden and the tree of the knowledge of good and evil. So two trees are marked out among the rest. One is the tree of life and one is the tree of the knowledge of good and evil. Now, you know, when you read something like that, if you're thinking about it, that you're in a metaphorical space. Now, we've got to be careful about metaphors because you know I could say and did that the chaos order idea is a metaphor, but then I also said, wait a second, it's a metaphor, but it's also what your brain is adapted to and so you know let's just not be pushing the idea that it's merely a metaphor too hard and the same thing is here is

happening here. These are metaphors, the tree of life, and the tree of the knowledge of good and evil. But that doesn't exactly mean that they're mere metaphors, because sometimes, as I mentioned before, and if you have a set of things, and you abstract out from them a common element, you can make a strong case that the common element is more real than the set of things from which you abstracted it.

That's the whole utility of abstraction. Why would you bother with it otherwise? If you can't take a set of things and say, look, there's something in common across this set of things that's more important, then the differences between them, then you wouldn't bother abstracting at all. And so the tree of life and the tree of the knowledge of good and evil are abstractions. Now, one of the questions is this is a tough one, man. I've been trying to figure out for a long time why a fruit and something you eat would be associated with the transformation of psychology because that's basically what happens in the Adam and Eve story. Why would it be something that you eat?

Now Eric Neumann, who is one of Jung's students, had written a fair bit about this and got a fair ways with it. He said, well, you know, we do have noticed, we've noticed forever that the act of eating, especially if you're hungry, especially if you're starving, produces a rapid spiritual transformation, right? I mean, some of you, this is worth knowing, you probably have a crabby partner or child because everyone does.

And one thing you might try is that if they get erratic during the day and you know, get all volatile about nothing at all, just give them something to eat. Really, I'll tell you, man, I do this with my clinical clients all the time. It's like, they say, well, I fly off the handle at the littlest things. It's like, okay, yeah, just try this for a week. When you're crab being unreasonable, eat a piece of cheese or eat a peanut butter sandwich, eat something that's high protein, high fat.

And then just wait 10 minutes and see if you're sane. And you'll find out that you're sane after you eat so often that you just can't believe how crazy you are when you're hungry. Look, here's, it's really absolutely bloody remarkable. So I'm telling you, try this. It'll, it'll, it'll, it'll, especially if you don't eat breakfast. This will change your life. And so here, here's a practical bit of information for you too,

for all of you, anti-social types who are going to end up in prison. So, if you're in prison, and you wanna go on parole, okay, so you have to go in front of the judge and tell them why you're not gonna do it again. So here's the deal. It doesn't really matter what you did and It doesn't really matter what you did, and it doesn't really matter what you promise.

What matters is whether you see the judge before lunch or after lunch, because if you see the judge after lunch, the probability that you will get parole is 60% higher. Yeah, right. That is just like, so never have an argument with your partner when you're hungry, or when they're hungry, especially if you want something from them. It's like, here's the sandwich, they'll eat it, then they'll be happy.

Then you can manipulate them before that, man. No. So, you know, it's not that unreasonable to think that there's a spirit in food because food rejuvenates, and it just doesn't rejuvenate you physically, it rejuvenates you spiritually. And then, of course, there's the other things that we consume that aren't exactly like food, that have a walloping spiritual impact, like alcohol, let's say, which is a spirit, and is regarded as Dionysius, right? I mean, it's the God of the Vine, and the God of the Vine possesses you and makes you

act all the fun ways that alcohol makes you act, you know, the fun ways that you regret the next day. And so there's the spiritual element of that too. And then, but there's something even deeper that I think is so cool that's associated with food and information because the story of Adam and Eve represents the fruit as producing a psychological transformation. And so the tree of the knowledge of good and evil is an abstraction across trees. And it's trying to say, here's something that's common across trees.

It's a fruit that's common across trees. It's something like that. And so the fruit across, it's common across trees is something you might call food, fair enough. That's a generalization. But here's something that's even across trees is something you might call food, fair enough, that's a generalization. But here's something that's even more cool. The food that's stable across the entire domain of food isn't food, it's information.

It's information. And we use the same bloody circuits in our brain to forage for information that squirrels use to forage for food, that animals use to forage for food. It's the same circuit. And why is that? Because we figured out that knowing where things is, knowing where the food is, is more important than having the food.

And so knowing where the food is is a form of metafood. Information is a form of metafood. And once you, well, that's why we're information foragers. And so once you grasp that, and that idea is embedded into the story of Adam and Eve. So whatever it is that they ingest is a form of metafood. It's information. And we'll trade food for information, right? So if you're stuck on the edge of the highway and your hood's up and your going places thing

has turned into a pile of junk that you don't understand, and somebody pulls up beside you in their mechanic, and they point to something and say, well, just put that wire back on there. You'll immediately give them a sandwich, right? Or you'll offer them something in return. You know what I mean? Because they've provided you with information that has value. And it has value, because it actually

provides you with energy, because information provides you with energy, because otherwise, why would we bother with it? And so food provides energy, but so does information. And so there's the idea of food that you abstract from everything you can eat, but then there's the idea of what you could abstract from all sources of food and the answer to that would be information.

And the trees that are being referred to in Adam and Eve are these meta-trees. They're not ordinary trees, just like paradise is no ordinary place, just like Adam and Eve are no ordinary people, and just like the logos that God is using at the beginning of time is no ordinary conception. And these are not metaphors, they're more than metaphors.

I think of them as hyper realities, it's something like that. Is there more real than what you see? There are more real than the reality that presents itself to you. And lots of things are like that, right? Numbers are like that. We wouldn't think or abstract if there weren't things that were more real than what we can see.

So what's most real? Well, that's partly what we're trying to figure out. And how do the ground make the Lord God to grow every tree that is pleasant to this site and good for food? The tree of life, also in the midst of the garden, and the tree of knowledge of good and evil. And a of life also in the midst of the garden and the tree of knowledge of good and evil. And a river went out of Eden to water the garden and from then it was parted and became into four heads. That's produced a tremendous amount of speculation. Now, you know,

the Garden of Eden is also the holy city. That's another way of thinking about it. Or it's Jerusalem, right? Or it's the ideal state, which could be the ideal city, or it could be an ideal state of being, or it could be the ideal psyche, or it's all of those things stacked up at the same time. This is a Mandela, and this is the Mandela form that people, what would you call, hypothesized that constituted the structure of paradise. You notice it's got this cross form that's eaten itself,

and there's the center of eaten, and there's the rivers, those are rivers, not snakes, those are the rivers that go out of it it and they're turned into these Mandela images that are representative of what Jung described as the Self which would be the center element of being that he associate of conscious being that he associated with divinity I would say but also with the idea of the Holy City and so I'm just showing you that to show you where the imagination has taken ideas of paradise. So, the name of the first river is Paisen. That is which composes the whole land of Havilah, whether it is gold.

And the gold of that land is good. There's Bidelium in the Onyx stone. And the name of the second river is Gihon. The same is it that composes the whole land of Ethiopia. And the name of the third river is Hedicel, or Hedecel. I don't know. That is, it which goes towards the east of Assyria and the fourth river is the Euphrates.

So there's this strange intermingling there of geography with mythical geography, which you see happen fairly frequently in the books. And the Lord God took the man and put him in the garden of Eden to dress it and keep it. Okay, so that's a good command. that's what you're supposed to do. Take care of the damn thing. It was a lot of work to make, right?

Took a whole week. And the Lord, God, commanded the man, saying, of every tree of the Garden thou mayest freely eat. But of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, thou shalt not eat of it for in the day that thou eatest thereof, thou shalt surely die. Well, there's a bunch of questions there that people have been puzzling over for a long time.

God, he's tricky character in the story of Adam and Eve. It's like, well, okay, if we can't eat the damn thing, well, why put it in the garden to begin with, that would be one question. And you made us, and then you told us not to eat this, knowing perfectly well that the damn thing while I put it in the garden to begin with, that would be one question. And you made us, and then you told us not to eat this knowing perfectly well that the first thing we were going to do is eat it because people are of exactly that type, which is that if you say to them with their insatiable curiosity, this is all fine and nice, but over here is something you should never look at, and then you leave the room, it's like

everybody is over there trying to figure out what the hell that thing is instantly, right? Because we're curious, curious, curious, curious creatures. And so you have to wonder exactly what God was up to here. And there's a gnostic speculation that the original God, this one, was not really a very good God, he was kind of an unconscious evil God, and that he wanted his creation to be unconscious. And so forbade them from developing consciousness, and that it was a higher god who, and maybe in the form of the serpent, who tempted human beings towards consciousness. And that idea got scrubbed out of classic Christianity pretty early, although there's something that's

interesting about it. And there are remnants of it in different forms that stayed inside the story. Like the idea that the fall was a terrible know, a terrible tragedy, but on the other hand, it was the precondition for the greatest event in history, which was the birth of Christ and the redemption of mankind. And so it's complicated. Let's put it that way. God only knows what God was up to, but, you know, this is a good example of that ambivalence. And to me, again, it's an indication of the sophistication

of the people who put these stories together. I also consider this somewhat miraculous, because if you were just a simple propagandist of sorts, you wouldn't leave this sort of complexity in the text. You just get rid of that, because if you're a propagandist, everything is supposed to make sense along the ideological plane. And here God's supposed to be good.

It's like, well, we better get there to that line, because something's up with it, and it isn't obvious what it is, but that isn't what people did. And to me, that indicates that they were doing two things is they were trying not to be too careless with the traditions that they were handed. They were touching them at their peril.

They were very careful with them and also that they were actually trying to understand what was going on because why otherwise keep this? Why not just simplify it? Or maybe just attribute this to the devil. That would be easier than having God do it. But, and the Lord God said, it is not good that man should be alone.

I will make a help me for him. None of the ground, the Lord God formed every beast to the field and every fall of the air and brought them unto Adam to see what he would call them, and whatsoever Adam called every living creature. That was the name thereof. And Adam gave names to all the cattle and the fall of the cattle means animals, basically, and to the fall of the air and to every beast of the field.

But for Adam, there was not found a help mute for him. Okay, well, a couple of things there, speculations. Number one, it's like, why does God care what Adam calls the animals? And the answer to that seems to be that it's associated again with the magic of speech, right? So that we know, according to the story, that human beings were already made in the image of God and that God used language in order to call,

order forth from chaos, and that human beings were made in that image. And so there's an echo of that here, even though it's from an independent tradition, and the echo is, the thing isn't quite real till you name it. And that's an interesting thing. And we don't exactly know how far that extends. It's certainly the case that seem things often exist in a strange, potential form, interconnected form

where everything's confusing, like a mass of confusion. Before you put your finger on it, name it. What's going on here? Your name it. It's like it, it, it, it, it, carves it out from all that underlying chaos and makes it into a gripable entity that you can then contend with.

And you might say, well, it was real before you named it. It's like, well, yes, it was real before you named it. It's like, well, yes, it was real before you named it. The same way things are there when there's no one there to perceive them. And it isn't obvious how things are there when you're not there to perceive them. I'll tell you something bloody weird about perception. You can look this up on John Wheeler, John Wheeler's,

a physicist. So here's a really cool thing. Let's say you go outside at night and you look up and you see a star. And like, so a photon from that star enters your eye. And maybe that photon has been cruising along for like 30 million years. Do you know that that photon would not have been emitted from that star at that time if your eye wasn't there at that time to receive it?

You think, well, how in the hell can that be? Because it happened 20 million years ago. It's like, well, I don't know how it can be to tell you the truth. But I know that John Wheeler has done a very good job of detailing out why that's true and necessarily true. And so, Wheeler is also the physicist who developed the notion of it from bit and he believes that the world is best construed as a potential of the world is best construed as a potential of the world, as best construed

as a place of information. It's something like latent information. And that what consciousness does is transform the latent information into something like concrete reality. And he doesn't mean that metaphorically. And one of the cases that he makes in that regard is this story that I just told you, is that the photon couldn't have left from where it was unless it had a place to go. Now it's complicated and confusing because from the perspective of a beam of light, from a photon, there is no time and there's no distance from one point

to another. Of course, that's completely impossible to understand, too. But from the perspective of a photon, the universe is completely flat, perpendicular to the direction that the photon is traveling. So it's there and here at the same time. For us, it's not. It's like 20 million years ago, but for the photon, it's all here and now. So anyways, the reason I'm telling you all that is because the relationship between consciousness and reality

is by no means straightforward. It is seriously not straightforward. And physicist's debate, what the relationship is between consciousness and reality, and they debate about what the sort of phenomenon that I just described mean, and I'm not really qualified to enter into that debate because I'm not a physicist, but I do know, and I've read a fair bit of Wheeler as much of it as I can understand, and I do at least know that that's what he claimed. And I also know that that claim is not, that's a claim that's taken seriously among physicists

of the caliber of the physicists who can understand Wheeler. So that's pretty interesting. So anyways, there is emphasis again on this importance of naming in order to make things real. And sometimes people won't name things just so they don't become real. So if you have a relationship, which undoubtedly you do, and it has problems,

which undoubtedly it does, you bloody well know that lots of times there's something under the carpet that no one wants to name, and everybody's thinking, well, as long as we don't name it, it's not really there. And in some sense, it really isn't there, because you can act as if it's not there and get away with it, at least for short periods of time. But as soon as you name that thing,

it's like you give it form and it's there, and no one can ignore it. And that's annoying because then you and get away with it, at least for short periods of time, but as soon as you name that thing, it's like you give it form and it's there and no one can ignore it. And that's annoying because then you have to deal with it or face the consequences. But the reason I'm telling you that is because we have an intuition even that we can have things not exist by not naming them. You name it and it comes forward with staggering clarity. And it's not as if naming it is the only thing that gives it reality, but it is something like it, it sharpens it and brings it into focus

and gives it borders and barriers and borders and boundaries. So, anyways, God's interested enough in what Adam has to say that he has him name all the animals and that sort of makes them into animals. Now, there's more to the linguistic story than that. So, the social psychologist Roger Brown was one of them studied this really interesting phenomena, which is associated with relationship between perception and action. You know how a kid will call a particular animal a cat? Well, the word cat is very short, like the word dog. And it turns out that, you know, you could think that

we could perceive cats as multi-cellular organisms, like we could see the cells, we could see the molecules, we could see the atoms, we could see, or we could see the ecosystem that the cat is part of. But we don't, or maybe the broader mammalian classification that it's part of, we could perceive that as the unit of perception. But we don't. We perceive things at the level of cat. And you can tell the perceptual level that people naturally perceive that, which doesn't

seem to be socioculturally determined to any great degree, by the way, because the words are often short and easily remembered and early learned. And so there's this level of analysis. Out of all the possible levels of analysis that the world does exist at, we perceive it at a certain level of analysis, and that level of analysis seems to have something to do with the world's functional utility for us at that level. And the perception at that level, and the naming at that level, gives things a reality at that level.

You know, because the thing about things is that they're not easily separable from other things. They tangle together in all sorts of strange ways. And yet when we cast our eye and use our language to orient ourselves in the world, we cut things up into discrete, discriminable objects that we can then utilize. And there's something about that that makes them real in a way that they're interconnected potential, the interconnected potential that they were before that. It's not real in the same way at least. I think it's even less real.

I think that's the right way of thinking about it, even though it's not completely unreal. But it's an echo. Adam's a little god at that point, a little god the father, and God's already done the groundwork, but Adam has to come along and say, well, that's a cat. It's like poof. Whatever that is, it's now a cat, and that's a dog,

and that's a sheep. And it gives them something like pragmatic form. But for Adam, there was not found a help meat for him. And the Lord God caused a deep sleep to fall upon Adam, and he slept. And God took one of his ribs and closed up the flesh instead thereof. And the rib which Lord God had taken from man made here a woman and brought her unto the man. And Adam said, this is now bone of my bones and flesh of my flesh.

She shall be called woman because she was taken out of man. Therefore shall a man leave his father and his mother and shall cleave unto his wife, and they shall be one flesh. That's a walloping statement to put in there at the end of those three sentences. I mean, therefore comes as somewhat of a surprise, but there's an injunction there. Well, it's a good injunction, man. You'll tell you, people who don't do that,

they have a hell of a time in their marriage. And so this is a good thing to know. If you are married or if you're planning to get married, it's like, you know, we have very strong orientation towards our parents, and for good reason. It's like the injunction here is that secondary, as soon as you're married, and failure to do that makes your marriage collapse. And then you deserve it to collapse too, as far as I'm concerned, because it's a reflection

of your pathological immaturity and your unwillingness to extract yourself from the, you know, tell them like grip of parents who are a little bit too much on the interfering side, but the injunction, there's a deep injunction here. It's very complicated. So one of the ideas is that the original Adam wasn't a man, like a separate man. It was more like a hermaphroditic being,

and in that hemaphroditic being, And in that hermaphroditic being, there was a kind of undifferentiated perfection. And then that was split into male and female. And then that part of the goal of human beings is to reunite that as the singular unity that reestablishes the initial perfection. And that's actually the goal of marriage from a spiritual perspective.

And you could read about that if you read Jung because he wrote quite a bit about that. So lovely, it's such a good idea. So I had these friends that went to Sweden to get married. They were from Northern Alberta, but their both their heritage were Swedish. And in this ceremony, they did this cool thing, as they were being married, and they had to hold a candle up between them. Well, they were being married, and you think, well, okay, what's the candle?

It's a source of light, it's a source of illumination, it's a source of enlightenment. It's the candle that you put on Christmas trees in Europe. So it's the light that emerges in the darkness in the depth of winter. It's a symbol of life and darkness. It's the remurges of the sun, that the darkest coldest time of the year, which is also associated symbolically with the birth of Christ for all search of complicated reasons. And so the candle's all that.

And then the next question is, why do you hold it above you? And the answer is because what's above you is what you're below to. So it single simplifies something transcendent. And so why do you both hold on to it? Well, because you're both supposed to hold on to the light, right?

And you're supposed to be subordinate to the light. And so you ask, well, who's in charge in a marriage? Well, the light, that's the idea. So you come together as one thing. You're no longer two things. It isn't what's good for you. And it's not what's good for your wife. It's what's good for the marriage.

And the marriage is about the combined being, which is the reassembly of the original Hermaphroditic being at the beginning of time. That's the idea. And that's all packed into these four sentences. And there's been, well, all of these sentences have tremendous history of interpretation associated with them, right?

It's just endless, an endless, an endless, and that's one of the lines. So it's also an antidote to the idea that women taken out of men, which is obviously the reverse of the biological process, by the way, makes women in some sense subordinate to men. That is not built into this text. I don't see that at all is built into the text.

And there's something else that's associated with it too. And there's an idea that, you know, in sleeping beauty, sleeping beauty goes to sleep. And the reason she goes to sleep is because you have to remember what happens is she has parents who are quite old, and so they're pretty desperate to have a child, like so many people are now. And they only have one child, like so many people do now. And they only have one child, like so many people do now.

And they don't want anything to happen to this child, because like, hey, it's a miracle. And there's only one of them. And so she's the princess. And so it's like, we're not letting anything around her. So they have a big christening party, right? And they invite everybody. But they don't invite Maleficent.

And Maleficent is the terrible mother. She's nature. She's like the thing that goes bump in the night. She's the devil herself. So to speak, she's everything that you don't want your child to encounter. So the king and queen's saying, well, we just want to invite her to the christening.

It's like good luck with that. That's an edible story, right? The edible mother is the mother who devours her child by refusing, by overprotecting him or her, so that instead of being strengthened by an encounter with the terrible world, they're weakened by too much protection, and then when they're let out into the world, they cannot live. And that's the story of sleeping beauty, and that's what the King and Queen do. And they apologize to the, to Maleficent when she first shows up and say, well, you know, they have a bunch of half-witted excuses, why they don't invite her.

We forgot. It's like, I don't think so. You know, you don't forget something like that. And she kind of makes that point. It's right. The whole horror of life. You don't forget about that when you have a child. That's for sure. You might wish that it would stay at bay, but you do not forget about it. The question is, do you invite it to the party? And the answer is it bloody well depends how unconscious you want your child to be. And if you want

your child to be unconscious, well, then you have the added advantage that maybe they won't leave home. And so you can take advantage of them for the rest of your sad life instead of going off to find something to do for yourself. Well, and then, of course, you can take revenge on them if they do have any, any, what would you call impetus towards courage that you sacrificed yourself 30 years ago and want to stamp out as soon as you see it, develop in your child. That's another thing that would be quite pleasant.

And so that's what happens in sleeping beauty. Yeah, well, none of this is pleasant, and nothing that happens in that story is pleasant. So sleeping beauty, she's naive as hell. They put her out in the forest and have her raised by these three, like goody-two shoes, fairies, that are also completely devoid of any real potency and power. There's nothing Maleficent about them.

And then the first idiot prince that wanders by, she falls in love with so badly that she has post-traumatic stress disorder, really rides off on his horse. Right? That's what happens. And then she goes into the castle and she's all freaked out because she met the love of her life for like five minutes for God's sake. And you know that's when the spinning wheel that's the wheel of fate pops up and she

pricks her finger right. They try to get rid of all the spinning wheels. They try to get rid of all the wheels of fate with their pointed end but she finds it poked pricks her fingers and finger falls down unconscious. Well she wants to be unconscious and no bloody wonder, she was protected her whole life. She's so damn naive that her first love affair just about kills her. She wants to go to sleep and never wake up.

And so that's exactly what happens. And then she has to wait for the prince to come and rescue her. Well, you think how sexist can you get that story? Well, seriously, because that's the way that that would be read in the modern world. It's like she doesn't need a prince to rescue her. That's why Disney made frozen that absolutely appalling piece of rubbish. So, you know, you can say, you can say, well, the princess doesn't need a prince to rescue her,

but, you know, that's a bone-headed way of looking at the story because The prince isn't just a man who's coming to rescue the woman and believe me. He's got his own problems Right, he's got a whole goddamn dragon he has to contend with but But the prince also represents the woman's own consciousness the consciousness is Presented very frequently in stories as symbolically masculine as it is with the logos idea and the idea is that very frequently in stories as symbolically masculine as it is with the logo side and the idea is that without that forward going courageous consciousness a woman herself will drift into unconsciousness and terror and so you can read it as well the woman who's sleeping needs a man to wake her up and of course just

like a man needs a woman to wake him up it's the same damn thing that's the dragon fight in sleeping beauty but it's also the case that if she's unconscious, all she can do is lay there and sleep like the sleep of the naive and damned. She has to wake herself up and and and and bring her own consciousness, her own masculine consciousness into the forefront so that she can survive in the world. And of course, women are trying to do that like mad, but that's partly what's represented in the story like that. And that's partly what's implicit in this idea is that unless the woman is taken out of man, so to speak, then she isn't a human being.

She's just a creature. And that's partly what's embedded in this story. So you don't want to read it as a patriarchal, you don't want to read anything that way. And so really, it's, yeah, I won't bother with that, but really we can do better than that, man. Therefore, she'll a man leave his father and his mother, and she'll cleave unto his wife,

and they shall be one flesh. It's like, yeah, thing, the other thing about marriage, this is really worth knowing too, is that I learned this in part from reading, young, is like, what do you do when you get married? That's easy. You take someone who's just as useless and horrible it's like, what do you do when you get married? That's easy. You take someone who's just as useless and horrible as you are, and then you shackle yourself to them.

And then you say, we're not running away, no matter what happens. Yeah, well, that's perfect, because then you don't get to run away. And the thing is, it's like, if you can run away, you can't tell each other the truth.

Because if you tell someone the truth about you and they don't run away, they weren't listening. And so if you don't have someone around that can't run away, then you can't tell them the truth. And so that's part of the purpose of the marriage. It's like, OK, OK. I'll bet on you. You bet on me.

It's a losing bet. We both know that. But given our current circumstances, we're unlikely to find anyone better. That's for sure. You know? So two things that come off of that. One is, you know, people are waiting around to find Mr. or Mrs. Wright. It's like, here's something to think about, man, to put yourself on your feet right. If you went to a party and you found Mr. Wright and he looked at you and didn't run away screaming, that would indicate that he wasn't Mr. Wright at all.

It's like the old Nietzschean joke. If someone loves you, that should immediately disenchant you with them. Right. Right. It's the Woody Allen joke. I never belonged to a club that would take me as a member. So that's an interesting thing to think about. And so you're going to shackle yourself to someone who's just as imperfect as you are.

And then the issue is you might be in a situation where you can actually negotiate, because you might think, well, there's some things about you that aren't going so right. And there's some things about me that aren't going so right. And we're bloody well stuck with the consequences for the next 50 years. So we can either straighten this out, or we can suffer through it for the next five decades. And you know, people are of the sort that without that degree of seriousness, those problems will not be solved.

You'll leave things unnamed because there's always an out. It's like, and it's the same thing when you're living together with someone. You know that people who live together before they're married are more likely to get divorced, not less likely. And the reason for that is, what exactly are you saying to one another when you live with each other? Just think about it. Well, for now, you're better than anything else I can trick. But I'd like to reserve the right to trade you in. Conveniently, if someone better happens to stumble into me. Well, how could someone not be insulted to their core by an offer like that? Now they're willing to play along with it because they're going to do the same thing with

you. Well, that's exactly it. It's like, yeah, yeah, I know. You're not going to commit to me. So that means you don't value me or our relationship above everything else. But as long as I get to escape if I need to, then I'm willing to put up with that. It's like, that's a hell of a thing. I mean, you might think, how stupid is it to shackle yourself to someone? It's like, it's stupid,

man. There's no doubt about that. But compared to the alternatives, it's pretty damn good. Because without that shackling, there are things you will never, ever learn because you'll avoid them. You can always leave. And if you can leave, then you don't have to tell each other the truth. It's as simple as that because you can just leave. And if you can leave, then you don't have to tell each other the truth. It's as simple as that, because you can just leave. And then you don't have anyone you can tell the truth to. So there's some representations of the idea of the original. It's not, this isn't all Adam. This is an old Chinese symbol. I think it's Foxy and Nua.

Although I think I have the pronunciation wrong. But it's really cool. See, it's Foxy and New, although I think I have the pronunciation wrong, but it's really cool. See, it's, see the snakes down here? They're kind of like DNA symbol, which I find very interesting. And so that's the original cosmic serpent. That's the potential out of which that emerges. And then that's the differentiation of that into male and female. And so that's like the predatory unknown.

That's one way of thinking about it. That's the most fundamental conception of mankind is something like that, is the predatory unknown. That's one way of thinking about it. That's the most fundamental conception of mankind is something like that, is the predatory unknown. And then the bifurcation of that into the two fundamental cognitive elements of human perception, masculine and female. And you see the same thing here.

This is Chinese. This is Egyptian, also extraordinarily old. It's the great serpent that underlies everything, uh, um, It's the great serpent that underlies everything, maaf, manfracating itself into ISIS, queen of the underworld, and Osiris king of the king of king of Pharaoh, king of order. You see the same thing in an old alchemical symbol.

I love this one. Doesn't it look quite a lot like the little thing that Harry Potter chases around it? Yeah, and that's not accidental, by the way, because the seeker is the thing that chases this, and the seeker that chases this and the seeker that chases this and catches it wins. And that's a really old idea. And how the hell jay could be rolling knew that I cannot figure out, because that is a very, very archaic symbol,

archaic symbol on Google. It's called the round chaos. And the only reference to the round chaos that I can find on Google is on my webpage. And so I have no idea how Rowling came up with that. I mean, I know she looked at a lot of old texts, but the idea that if you play the Metagame menu, catch this, you win all the games is exactly right. And that's the motif for what's the name of that, Quidditch. So there's the potential, that's

like the potential out of which God made the world at the beginning of time. And what emerges out of that is some kind of, that's the dragon, you know, in the dragon fight. That's partly the serpent that world at the beginning of time. And what emerges out of that is some kind of, that's the dragon, you know, in the dragon fight. That's partly the serpent that's in the Garden of Eden. And then that's the manifestation of masculine and feminine out of that. Potential, predatory, unknown, masculine and feminine.

It's like a single representation of the evolutionary history of human cognitive consciousness. So cool. And that's also an image of the ideal. It's the union of sun and moon and it's this hyper-creature, hermaphroditic that's also the atom and eve that existed at the beginning of time before the fall. And it's the purpose of marriage. All of that, as a sacrament, all of that, in these images, it's just absolutely unbelievable what images can pack into them. And there's some more classical representations of Eve being extracted from Adam. And this is a cool line and they were both naked. The man and

his wife and were not ashamed. Well, that see someone who wrote that would only write that like that if they were surprised that they weren't ashamed, because why would you point it out otherwise? And so, there's this intimation that of two things. Number one is, there was a point at time in time when human beings were naked and they weren't ashamed of it, and there is a point of time, which is now where they're naked and they are ashamed of it. And then the question is, well, what's the association with nakedness and shame?

And that's often given a sexual connotation in classic interpretations of the Adam and Eve story because of its association with nudity, I presume. But I think it's a lot more complicated than that. So you think, I know, I noticed my daughter, she probably won't be very happy that I'm revealing this in this lecture, but my daughter was never really concerned about nudity when she was a little kid. It was all the same to her one way or another, but my son, by the time he was three, man, that kid was private. He, his bedroom door was shut, the bathroom door was shut,

it was like, get the hell out of here. And that seemed to just happen of its own accord. And, you know, we had two children, and one was like that, and the other one wasn't. I didn't think we had much to do with it at all, but it was really fascinating to watch that emerge in him. And, you know, that sense of self-consciousness does seem to emerge in children somewhere around the age of three. And, you know, that's generally also when we start thinking that maybe having your baby wander around naked on a beach isn't exactly the best idea. There's something like that.

The nudity and children is generally okay under some circumstances in public display. We seem to think of that as merely, it's acceptable. Why? I don't know. Why it stops being acceptable. Well, that has something to do with sexuality, obviously. But it's a very complicated phenomena. But, you know, the whole nudity thing is a very complicated thing.

I mean, first of all, people are kind of strange because we're hairless, roughly, you know, compared to most animals. And we don't know why that is. Some people think it's because we lost our hair when we're wandering around in the desert, running around in Africa because we're really, really good runners. We can run down animals, say. Like a human being in good shape can run a horse to death in a week. We can really run, man. And a lot of our ancestors, the Kelli-Herry Bushman, still do this.

They just run an animal till it dies. And that Bushman doesn't die. I mean, they also sometimes shoot them with poison arrows, but they can just run them until they die. So we have tremendous endurance. And you have to be able to get rid of a lot of heat if you're going to run around in the desert So we don't have much hair. That's one explanation and Buckminster Fuller had an interesting explanation

Which was he thinks that at some point during our evolution we spend a lot of time near the water and so we're like fish apes Something like that. Well, you know, we like to be on the beach and there's lots of food there And we like to swim and we're really good at swimming for terrestrial creatures and and we like to swim and we're really good at swimming for terrestrial creatures. And we cry salt tears like some sea-going creatures do, and women have a layer of subcutaneous fat like some sea-going creatures do. And we have kind of our feet, which are very odd things,

are kind of good for flapping in the water, although we can also walk with them. And so he thought that maybe that adaptation was to a water existence like seals and so forth, like we kind of went back to the ocean, but not quite. And so, but anyways, the evolution of that, hairlessness is an interesting thing, but it certainly does make us exposed to the world

in a way that animals that have a covering of fur aren't. And then we're upright, which is very strange because most animals aren't, they're on all fours and so their very vulnerable parts are protected and not exposed to view. And then of course when you're standing up nude, let's call it your psychophysiological quality is on painful display. And people complain about that all the time. If you look at the feminist tack, for example on beauty, the idea that women have eating disorders is directly attributed to the presence of too many beautiful women on the cover of magazines, something like that. Even though women buy those magazines and

they're attracted to them and their mood goes up when they purchase them. And if the stimulus was negative, the women would avoid the magazines and not buy them. So as a theory, it's a very, very bad one. But it's still the case that, you know, it's still the case that standards of beauty shame people, and that's for sure, and everyone, because if you're not ugly now, man, you're gonna be at some point in your life. Yeah.

So that's kind of a rough thing to contend with, right? It's a rough thing to know that there's an ideal that you could be and maybe even once were that you're not going to be for long or never were. And it's really an appalling issue because I think it's harder on women because women are judged by men more for their youth and fertility. That's how it turns out from the evolutionary point of view. Men are judged more on their socioeconomic status by women.

It's harsh both ways. But so anyways, it's a terrible thing to carry the knowledge with you that you're exposed to the most serious possible evaluation of the quality of your being that you can possibly be exposed to all the time, and that that's further amplified if you're without clothing. And so part of clothing is protection, but a tremendous amount of it is merely stopping

other people from evaluating you too harshly all the time. It just gets in the way. So anyways, this story makes the case that at some point, we weren't like that. Well animals aren't like that, so it seems perfectly plausible that at some point point we weren't like that. Well, animals aren't like that, so it seems perfectly plausible that at some point we weren't like that, but at some point that changed. And they were both naked, the man in his wife and we're not ashamed. Now the serpent was more subtle than any beast of the field, which the Lord God had made. And he said unto the woman, yeah, have God said, you shall not eat of every tree of the garden.

I like this. This is, I can't remember who did the etching now. Who is it? Dore. Dore, yeah, Dore. Exactly. He, Dore did etchings for paradise lost. They're absolutely remarkable.

And this is Satan, and this is the snake here. And of course, in the Genesis story, Satan is weirdly associated with the snake, and I'll tell you, that's a tough one to sort out. Because in the story of Adam and Eve, there's no indication whatsoever that the serpent, who Tim Seave, is also Satan, the author of all evil. And how in the world those two stories got tangled together? Well, I think I figured that out, and I'm going to tell you that tonight.

But it took a very long time to figure it out. And it's absolutely, it's so bloody brilliant. I just can't believe that people figured it out. It's so unbelievably spectacularly brilliant. And that's an intimation of that idea, right, that there's a kinship between these two things. So, anyways, the serpent's more subtle than any beast of the field. Suttles an interesting word. This is from the Oxford English dictionary. So because we'll amplify the word a bit. This is what you do in Jungian dream interpretation, for example, is to kind of look at the connotations

of the concepts that are associated with the dream. Settle of a person or animal and action behavior, crafty, cunning, sly, treacherous. So it's something that sort of sneaks along, right? It's not something that you really pick up on that easily. Of a look or glance, sly, firt of seraptitious, of a person, skillful, expert, clever, of a work of art, mechanical device,

cleverly made or designed, ingenious. Well, that's, I think that's all fairly, all those terms so far, fairly well, attributed to snakes. I mean, they are very cool things and, and they are very well designed and they're quite remarkable. And they're also very subtle. On the nature of or involving careful discrimination of fine points, or fine points, difficult to understand and abstruse. Of a person, the mind, or intellectual activity,

intellectual activity characterized by wisdom or perceptiveness, discriminating, discerning, and shrewd. That's interesting because Milton Satan is also the intellect. And you know, you see that very often. You know, it's so often the bad guys, evil scientists, right? And there's something about, and you see the same thing in the Lion King with scar. I mean, scar is an intellect, an arrogant deceitful intellect. There's nothing stupid about scar.

He's not wise, but he's the evil voice that's always whispering in the King's ear. And that's associated with the pride of the intellect. And the Catholics had warned humanity about the pride of the intellect for centuries. That's partly what produced somewhat of the intellect for centuries. That's partly what produced somewhat of the schism between Catholicism and science, although that's much overstated if you look at the historical record.

The idea was that the intellect has its own particular, it's a remarkable faculty, let's say it's the highest angel in God's heavenly kingdom, that's the way that Milton portrayed it. But it's also the thing that can go most terribly wrong because intellect, the intellect can become arrogant about its own existence and accomplishments and it can fall in love with its own products. And that's what happens when you're ideologically possessed because you end up with a dogma, like say a human constructed dogma in Solshenitson's words, the possesses you completely of which you believe is 100% right. So it eradicates the necessity for anything transcendent.

And so that's the subtill element of the intellect that's associated symbolically with the snake in the garden of paradise. Of a feeling sense sensation, acute and keen, involving distinctions that are finer delicate, especially to such an extent as to be difficult to discern or analyze also almost imperceptible and elusive, having little thickness or breadth thin, fine, subtiel matter, now historical, rarified matter, barely there at all.

And the woman said unto the serpent, we may eat of the fruit of the trees of the garden, but of the fruit of the tree which is in the midst of the garden, God has said, you shall not eat of it, neither shall you touch it, lest you die. And the serpent said to the woman, ye shall not surely die. For God, doth know in the day that you eat thereof, then your eyes shall be open, and you shall be as God's knowing good and evil.

Sneaky, subtle. It's a nice story, eh? The first thing is, for instance, the instant implication is, well, you can't trust God. So that's pretty sneaky. And the next is, well, he's trying to pull a fast one on you. And the next one is, well, he's trying to do that because he's jealous, and he doesn't want you to know things that he knows, because that wouldn't be so good. And he's lying to you anyways, because you're not going to die. And if you eat it contrary to what you've been informed,

then all that's going to happen is your eyes will be open and you'll be like God's knowing good and evil. That sounds pretty damn good. So, you know, and I mean Eve, but as she know, you know, it's no wonder she's susceptible to such blandishments and it's quite interesting too, because Adam and Eve, God tells Adam and Eve not to eat the damn fruit, but they never promise not to.

So they haven't promised they've just been told to, and well, should they be obedient? Well, how obedient do you want your children to be? You want them to be obedient enough so they don't get hurt, but disobedient enough so that they go out in the world and do something courageous, and they break some rules, and they learn some things. And so it's a very paradoxical story.

Anyways, the serpent wins this round, man. And so, Eve pays attention to the snake. So again, we have the same set of images, right? We have Adam and we have Eve. We have this tree and we have this strange serpent. That's a dragon-like form. There are finks like form that's associated with the tree. The snakes eternally associated with the tree. Well, the snake was eternally associated with the tree. We spent, God only knows, how many tens of millions of years, as tree dwelling primates.

And the primary or one of our primary predators. We had three primary predators. Snakes, birds, cats. And so the snake has been associated with the tree for a very, very long time. And the lesson the snake tells people is, you bloody well better wake up or something you don't like will get you. And who's going to be more susceptible to paying attention

to the snake, and that's going to be Eve. And the reason for that is, Eve has offspring. And there's nothing tastier to a snake than a child. And so Eve had every reason to be self-conscious and neurotic. And women are more self-conscious and neurotic than men by quite a substantial amount. And that's true cross-culturally. And it emerges at puberty. And part of the reason is, as far as we we can tell is that women are more sexually vulnerable,

they're also smaller. So that's a problem if you're engaged in any physical alteration. But most importantly, I think is that why would you ever assume that a human female's nervous system is adapted to her or her well-being? Why wouldn't you assume instead that her nervous system is adapted to her or her well-being. Why wouldn't you assume instead that her nervous system is adapted to the female infant dyad? Because if it isn't, then the infants die. And so you might think, well, women are way more susceptible

to depression and anxiety than men are. And that's a hell of a burden to bear. And that's also true cross-culturally, by the way. And it also kicks in at puberty. And the biggest difference is there in Scandinavia, for those of you who think it's sociocultural, which it isn't. So, but there's reasons for it. And it's also at puberty when men and women

start to become sexually dimorphic in terms of size, and men are way more powerful in their upper bodies. It's incomparably more powerful. And so that makes them a lot more dangerous. And human, the primary human defense mechanism is punching, like with kangaroos. There are some other animals that punch, chimps can punch too, but human beings it's a punch, and most of the force in that is upper body and shoulder. A woman is no match for a man in a fight, so she has every reason to be nervous, especially

when you add that to that, her additional sexual vulnerability, and the fact that she has to take care of extraordinarily dependent infants who are extremely fragile for a very long period of time. And so she had every and women are more self-conscious than men. The empirical literature on that is clear. It's associated with trait neuroticism because self-consciousness is actually an unpleasant emotion.

Who wants to be self-conscious? If I'm self-conscious on the stage talking to you, then all of a sudden I can't even talk to you. All I'm doing is thinking about me and all the things that are wrong with me and I fall inside myself. It's like self-consciousness, although it's a great gift, let's say, is nothing pleasant. It's associated primarily with anxiety. So we've had every reason to pay attention to the snake, that's for sure. I think I read this week that among, I can't remember which tribesmen it was unfortunately,

although I did put a footnote in my new book about this, these were jungle dwelling, tribal people. Five percent of the adults had been attacked by a python and a substantial number of children had been killed by them. So snake predation was no joke. It shaped our evolutionary past, and still is no joke in many places. And so we're attuned to snakes.

And the thing is, as Lynn Haswell pointed out, an anthropologist, we are really good at detecting the camouflage patterns of snakes, especially in the lower half of our visual field. And there's evidence that part of the reason that human beings have such a cute vision, which means that our eyes opened, let's say, is because we were co-evolved with snakes and we learned how to see them. And then the price we paid for seeing was that our brain grew because you need a lot of

brain to be able to see. And the consequence of our brain growing is one day we woke up and discovered the future. And the future is where all the snakes might live instead of where they live right now. So there's that, the same thing. And the same so interesting, again, these images, you see, in this one, you have the spectre of death in the tree with the snake and the fruit. Now fruit is interesting too.

I already made the case that there's a tight linkage between what you eat and information, a conceptual link as well as a practical link. But it's also the case that we can see colors. And the question is, why? And the answer is because we evolved to see ripe fruit. So in the story of Adam and Eve, human beings are given visioned by the snake in the fruit.

And that turns out to be correct. So isn't that something? And then you think, what role do women play in relationship to men? Well, first, they make them self-conscious. Let's not ever forget about that. Because I would say the primary role that women have in relationship to men is to make them self-conscious. And men don't precisely like that. There's nothing that will make a man more self-conscious than being rejected. And why? Because why is he rejected? Well, obviously, mother nature in the guise of that particular woman has said, you're not so bad for a friend,

but there's no reason that your genetic material should propagate itself into the future. You're not. You're not. You're not. You're not. You're not. You're not.

You're not. You're not. You're not. You're not. You're not. You're not. You're not. You're not. You're not. You're not. You're not. You're not. You're not. You're not. Right, well, and it's not like men are exactly happy about being made but made self-conscious by women. Right, it's a major source of continual tension between men and women, and it's no wonder,

but it's also the case, and this is something really cool and interesting to know. You know, we devolved, divulged, divulged, divulged, divulged, divulged. We diverged from the common ancestor between us in chimpanzees about six million years ago. Here's why, at least in part, chimpanzee females are nondiscriminate mateers. They'll mate with any male. When they go into heat, which you and females don't, when they go into heat, then any male is allowed access. Now the dominant males chase the subordinate males away, and so the dominant males are more likely to leave offspring, but it's not because of the female choice. It's not

the case with human beings. Human females engage in hypergamy and hypergamy is the 10. This is also true cross culturally, and it's also quite, it's just as extensive in Scandinavia. Not quite. There's a bit of attenuation, but not much. Women mate across and up dominance hierarchies. Men made across and down. Okay, and that has to be the case, because obviously it has to work that way. If one goes up, the other has to go down.

The socioeconomic status of a woman is almost determined, almost zero of her attractiveness towards a man. Whereas the socioeconomic status of a man is a major determinant of his attractiveness towards a woman, and it isn't as wealth either, because that's been tested. It's his capacity to generate and be productive and to share, because that beats the hell out of wealth. Wealth can disappear, right? But the capacity to be productive and share, that's a much more important element, and why not be chosen on the basis of that especially because women have to have infants and infants make the women dependent and the woman is just looking

logically, rationally and from an evolutionary perspective for someone who's useful enough to give a to lend a hand. So women make intense demands on men and it's no wonder. But the thing is is that because women engaged in hypergamy at least in part, we diverged quite rapidly from chimpanzees because the selection pressure that women placed on men developed the entire species. Now, there's two things that happened as far as I could tell. The men competed for competence, let's say.

So the male hierarchy is a mechanism that pushes the best man to the top, virtually by definition. And then that's the effect of that is multiplied by the fact that women who are hypergamous man to the top virtually by definition. And then the effect of that is multiplied by the fact that women who are hypergamous peel from the top and so that the males who are the most competent are much more likely to leave offspring and that seem to be what drove our cortical expansion, for example, which happened very, very rapidly

over the course of evolutionary time. So, and when the women saw that the tree was good for food and that it was pleasant to the eyes and a tree to be desired, to make one wise, she took of the fruit thereof and did eat and gave also unto her husband with her and he did eat. Oh yes, and women share food. That's a very strange thing because most creatures don't do that, right? Most animals don't share food. Like if you. If you're a wolf and you bring down something in a hunt, you eat your fill, the dominant creatures eat their fill, and then if there's some left over, this abordinates get to eat too, but that's isn't how human beings work. We share food. Now you can imagine how that evolved,

because lots of female creatures share food with their offspring. Okay, you don't need much of a twist in that from an evolutionary perspective until you start to share food, not only with your offspring, say, but with your mate and that's another way that you entice a mate. It's like we're going to be better together than alone. Well, that's the offering of the fruit. Well, what's the self-conscious part? Well, here's part of the bargain, you know. I'm going to wake you up and partly I'm going to wake you up because you need to be woken up because I have this infant that needs some damn care. And so you bloody well better be awake. And part of the bargain is all offer you something, all offer you some food. And in response, we're going to make a team. And that's the deal. Well, that's the human deal. And that's

why we're more or less monogamous by why we more or less pair bond and why something approximating marriage is a human universal. It's cross-cultural. Now you can find exceptions, but who the hell cares? The vast, really, man, who cares? You look at the vast pattern. The vast pattern, well, in the price we pay for having large brains is that we're very dependent.

And it takes a long time for us to get programmed. And because of that, we need relatively stable family bonding. And that's basically what we've evolved. And you know, you don't get that without making men self-conscious, because male creatures, why not impregnate and run? I mean, why the hell not?

And that's something to really, no kidding. That's the thing to think about. It is not why men abandon their children. That's the mystery. It's why any men ever stick with them. That's the mystery. Because you just have to look at the animal kingdom. And the like the simplest and easiest thing is always the most likely thing to occur. So it's the exception, the long-term commitment that needs explanation. She took of the

fruit they're oven did eat and gave also unto her husband with her and he did eat. And the eyes of both of them were opened, implying that before that they were closed. And they knew they were naked. And they sewed fig leaves together and made themselves aprons. So that's so interesting. So their eyes are open, which indicates that they weren't to begin with. So whatever God created to begin with was kind of blind. But not blind in some strange way, because they weren't obviously wandering around in the

garden, bumping into trees. It was some sort of metaphysical blindness that's been removed by whatever has just happened. And whatever has just happened also made them realize that they were naked. Okay, so what sort of eye-opening is that? What does it mean to realize that you're naked? It means to realize that you're vulnerable. That's what people discovered. It's like, oh, oh, we can be hurt.

So you're a zebra, you know, heard of zebras. And there's a bunch of lions around there, laying on the grass. You don't care. Those are laying down lions. Laying down lions are no problem. It's standing up, hunting lions that are the problem. You're not smart enough to figure out

that laying down lions turn into standing up, hunting lions. So you're not like building a fort to keep the lions out. You're just mindlessly eating grass. You're not very awake. But that's not what happens to human beings. As they wake up and they think, we're vulnerable permanently. It's never going away, right? It's the recognition of that internal vulnerability.

What happens, the first thing they do is close themselves. Well, what happens when you're naked, when you need protection from the world? Well, obviously, look, you're all wearing clothes. Why? Well, we've been doing that for a very, very long period of time. It's tens of thousands of years at minimum. In fact, you can track more or less when clothing developed

because you can do DNA testing of the kind of lice that cleaned the clothes rather than hair. And so we have a pretty good idea of when clothing emerged and of different types as well. So that's quite cool. But the point is, they're naked and they think, that's not so good. We're vulnerable.

So their eyes were open enough so they become self-conscious and they recognize their own vulnerability. And the first thing they do is the first step of culture is to protect themselves with something from the world. And you protect yourself from the world and from the prying eyes of other people. This is the book by Linizbel, why we see so well. From the temptation of Eve to the venomous murder

of the mighty Thor, the serpent appears throughout time and culture as a figure of mischief and misery, the worldwide prominence of snakes in religion, myth and fork folklore underscores our deep connection to the serpent, but why, when so few of us have firsthand experience, the surprising answer this book suggests lies in the singular effect of snakes on primate evolution. Predation, pressure from snakes, Lin is bell tells us,

is ultimately responsible for the superior vision and large brains of primates and for a critical aspect of human evolution. That was tested recently. Psychologists have known for a long time that people can learn fear to snakes, but they discovered in primates recently a set of neurons, pulverin or neurons, neurons, which are specialized, that's in old, old perceptual systems, reveal neurobiological evidence of past selection for rapid detections of snakes. So that's an old perceptual systems, reveal neurobiological evidence of past selection

for rapid detections of snakes. So that's from 2013. So the snake definitely woke us up. Color vision as an adaptation to fruit eating in primates. It's not by accident that women make themselves look like ripe fruit in order to be attractive to men. And that's also not socio-cultural in origin. And they heard the voice of the Lord God walking in the garden

in the cool of the day. And Adam and his wife hid themselves from the presence of the Lord God amongst the trees of the garden. That's interesting. So what's the implication? Prior to being woken up, prior to recognizing nakedness and vulnerability, there was no reason for man and woman to hide from God. Now, where are they hiding from God? Well, they're naked. They're vulnerable. Okay, so think about this.

Think about this. It's like, imagine that you have the capacity to live truthfully and courageously and forthrightly. Just imagine that. And then imagine why you might not do that. And then imagine, how about fear and shame? How would that work? Well, let's say that the idea of living forthrightly and truthfully and courageously is analogous, given what

we already know about these stories to walking with God in the garden. Well, what stops people from doing that? What stops people from hiding? Well, it's their own race, the recognition of their own inadequacy. They look at themselves and they think, how in the world is a creature,

such as I, supposed to live properly in this world with everything that's wrong with me? And so what do you hide from? Well, you go home, you sit on your bed for five minutes and ask yourself, what have you hidden from in your life? Man, you'll have books of knowledge reveal themselves to you in your imagination, right? Say, well, why are you hiding? Well, it's no bloody wonder you're hiding. It's no wonder that people hide. That's the thing that's so terrifying about this story. We woke up and we

thought, oh my God, look at this place, like this is seriously, there's some serious trouble here, and we're in some serious trouble here and we're in some serious trouble and we're not what we could be. And so we hide and that's what the story says. People woke up, they became self conscious. They recognized their own vulnerability and that made them hide from manifesting their divine destiny. It's like, yeah, that's exactly right.

And the Lord God, I love this part of the story. And that's so funny. And the Lord God, and we could use a little humor at this point. And the Lord God called unto Adam and said unto him, where art thou? And Adam said, I heard thy voice in the garden. And I was afraid because I was naked. So in case there was any doubt about that, that's why. And I hid myself. And God said, who told you that you were naked? Did you eat of the tree? Where have I commanded you that you should not eat?

And this is where Adam shows himself in all his post-fall heroic glory. And the man said, The woman! Whom thou gave us to be with me? She gave me of the tree, and I did eat. So that's such pertinent, that's such, that it's so, you know, again, there's a modern feminist interpretation of the story of Adam

and Eve that makes the claim that Eve was portrayed as the universal bad guy of humanity for disobeying God and eating the apple. It's like fair enough, you know? Looks like she slipped up. And then she tempted her husband, and you know, that makes her even worse, although he was foolish enough to immediately eat, so it just means she was a little more courageous than him than got there first. But it's Adam who comes across as really one sad creature

in this story, as far as I'm concerned. Look at what he manages in one sentence. It's like, first of all, it wasn't him, it was the woman, and second even blames God. It's like, it wasn't just the woman, it was that woman, and you gave her to me. And she gave me of the tree and I did eat. It's like, so, hey, Adam's all innocent except now he's not only as he naked and disobedient and cowardly and ashamed, he's also snivily backbiting, think. He rots her out like the sick and he gets the opportunity and then he blames God. It's like, and that's exactly right.

That's exactly right, man. You go online and you read, you read the commentary that men write about women when they're resentful and bitter about women. You read it, it's so interesting, it's like, it's not me, it's those bitches. Okay? That's right, it's not me, it's them. And not only that, what a bloody world this is in which they exist. It's exactly the same thing.

It's exactly the same thing. And it is absolutely pathetic. All right. All right. All right. And the Lord God said unto the woman, what is this that thou hast done? And the woman said, the serpent beguiled me and I did eat.

Well, he she has a bloody excuse. First of all, it's a snake. I mean, those things are, we already found out, they has a bloody excuse. First of all, it's a snake. I mean, those things are, we already found out, they're subtle. And second, it turns out that the damn snake is Satan himself. And he's rather treacherous. So the fact that she got tangled up in his mess, let's say, is, well, problematic, but it's a lot better excuse that Adam has. And the Lord God says unto the serpent, because thou hast done this, thou art cursed above all cattle,

and above every beast of the field, upon thy belly, shall thou go, in dust, shall thou eat all the days of thy life, and snakes, by the way, are lizards that lost their legs, just so you know. And I will put enmity between thee and the woman and between thy seed and her seed, it shall bruise thy head and thou shalt bruise his heel.

I love these pictures, they're so smart. And again, strip the religious context from them and just look at them for a second. What do you see? You see the eternal mother holding her infant away from the snake. See it down there? Right? Crocodile snake.

Everything predatory that's been after us for like 60 million years, the reason we're here is because of that. That's why it's a sacred image. Now, this one, I like even better. See down there, there's something like the moon, and then there's this reptile down there that Eve is standing on. This is really old. I showed you this before, but I think it's so cool.

She's coming out of this thing that's like a hole in the sky, you know, because it indicates the eternal represence of this figure. It's something like that. The eternal recurrence of this figure. It's something like that. The eternal recurrence of this figure. It's an archetype. But then the potential out of which she is emerging, these are all musical instruments back here. And so what the artist is representing

is the great patterned complexity of being and the emergence of the protective mother from that background protecting the infant eternally against predation. It's like, how can that not be a holy image? If it isn't a holy image, if you don't think it's a holy image, then there isn't something wrong with the image. There's something wrong with the perceiver. Until the woman, he said, well,

and God is just outlining the consequences of this right now. It's like, okay, well, now you've gone and done it. You've woken up. This is what's going to happen. I'll greatly multiply the Isoro and the conception. In sorrow, thou shalt bring forth children. And thy desire shall be to that husband, and he shall rule over the, to say he should, says he will.

And why in sorrow shall thou bring forth children? Well, when you develop a brain that big so that you can see, it's not that easy to give birth anymore. And then you produce something that's dependent beyond belief. And that's one of the things that you would say dooms you to precisely this. So that's Eve's punishment for waking up and add him, because thou hast harkened unto the voice of thy wife and has eaten of the tree of which I commanded thee, saying thou shalt not eat it, cursed is the ground for thy sake,

and sorrow shall thou eat of it in all the days of thy life. What's that? It's the invention of work. Thorns and thistles shall it bring forth to thee and thou shalt eat the herb of the field. It's the invention of work. Thorns and thistles shall it bring forth to thee, and now shall eat the herb of the field. It's the invention of work What do people do that animals don't work? What does work mean? It means you sacrifice the present for the future? And why do you do that? Because you know you're vulnerable and because you're awake? And so from here on in from this point, there's no return to unconscious paradise. I don't care how many problems you've solved so that today is okay. You've got a lot of

problems coming up. And no bloody matter how much you work, you're never going to work enough to solve them. And so all you're going to do from here on in is be terrified of the future. And that's the price of waking up. And that's the end of paradise. And that's the beginning of history. And that's how that story goes. In the sweat of thy face, tell thou eat bread till thou return unto the ground, for out of it was thou taken, for dust thou art, and unto dust thou shall return. And Adam called his wife's name Eve

because she was the mother of all living. And to Adam also and unto his wife did the Lord God make coats of skin and clothed them. That's William Blake, by the way. And the Lord God said, behold, the man has become as one of us to know good and evil, and now lest he put forth his hand and take also of the tree of life and eat and live forever. I'll go over this again next week. Therefore the Lord God sent him from the fourth, from the Garden of Eden to till the ground

from whence he was taken. So he drove out the man and he placed at the east of the Garden of Eden, Cherubim's, and a flaming sword which turned every way to keep the way of the tree of life. One more thing and then we'll stop. So I thought, why in the world? So Adam and Eve are tempted by the snake. They eat the fruit, they wake up, they realize they're naked.

They realize that they're vulnerable, they realize the future, they realize they're going to die, they realize that they have to work. It accounts for difficulty and conception, and the fall of humankind from unconscious paradise. Okay, that makes sense. What about the knowledge of good and evil? What in the world does that mean? The Mesopotamians believed that human beings were made out of the blood of Kingu, who was the worst monster that time at, who was the goddess of chaos, could imagine and then produce. So their idea was that whatever was about humanity, there was something deeply, deeply, deeply, demonically flawed. So that's their conception.

And it's one of that same milieu that these stories emerge. So what is opening your eyes and realizing your vulnerability have to do with the knowledge of good and evil? And really I thought about that. I really thought about that. I got to tell you, I thought about that for like 20 years because I knew there was something there that I could not put together. And at the same time, I was reading things. I'm going to tell you something truly awful. So if you need a trigger warning, you're getting one.

And believe me, I do not give trigger warnings lightly. So I'm going to tell you something you will never forget. So this is what Unit 731 used to do in China. It's a Japanese unit during the first Second World War. As far as I can tell, they did the most horrific things that were done to anyone during World War II, and that's really something. So this is what they did. They took their prisoners and they would put them in a position so that their arms would freeze solid, And then they would take them outside and pour hot water over their arms. And then they would repeat that till the flesh came off the bones.

And then we're doing that to investigate the treatment of frostbite for soldiers. You can look up Unit 731 if you want to have nightmares. So that's Unit 731. That's human beings. Someone thought that up, and then people did it. That's knowledge of good and evil. Here's the key, man. You know you're vulnerable.

No other animal knows that. You know what hurts you, because you're vulnerable. And now that you know what hurts you, you're vulnerable. Now that you know what hurts you, you can figure out what hurts someone else. And as soon as you know what hurts someone else, and you can use that, you have the knowledge of good and evil. Well, it's a pretty good trick that the snake pulled because it doesn't look like it's exactly

the sort of thing that we might have wanted if we would have known what the consequence was. But as soon as a human being is self-conscious and aware of his own nakedness, then he has the capacity for evil. And that's introduced into the world right at that point. And here's the rest of the story. So there's the snake, right? And you're some tree dwelling primate, and the snake eats you, and that sucks, so let's like, let's watch out for the damn snakes. And then you think, well, wait a minute, your brain grows, and you think, wait a minute, brain grows and you think wait a minute

well, there's not just Snake there's where snakes live. Why don't we just get the hell out of the tree and go hunt down the snakes and get rid of them So those are sort of like potential snakes and So the snake becomes potential snake and it's the same circuit that you're using to do this thinking and then you get rid of the damn snakes it's like St. Patrick chases the motor of Ireland. No more snakes. Everything's paradise. It's like, no, no, no.

That's not how it works at all. Well, now you've got the human snakes. You're a tribe. You've got tribal enemies. You've got to defend yourself against the human snakes. So maybe your empire expands and you get rid of all the human snakes. And then what happens?

Well, they start to grow, develop inside. It's like you get rid of all the human snakes. And then what happens? Well, they start to grow, develop inside. It's like you get rid of all the external enemies and you make a big city and all the sudden there's enemies that pop up inside because the snake isn't just the snake in the garden and the snake isn't just the possible snake and the snake isn't just the snake that's your enemy. The snake is your friend, right? Because your friend can betray you. And then it's even worse? Because your friend can betray you.

And then it's even worse than that. Because you can betray you. And so even if you get rid of all the outside snakes, you've got an inside snake, and God only knows what it's up to. And that's why the bloody Christians associated the snake in the Garden of Eden with Satan. It's unbelievably brilliant. Because you've got to think, what's the enemy? Well,

it's the snake, fair enough. But you know, that's good if you're a tree dwelling primate, but if you're a sophisticated human being, you know, with six million years of additional evolution, and you're really trying to solve the problem of what it is that's the great enemy of mankind. Well, it's the human propensity for evil, right? As such, well, that's the figure of Satan. That's what that figure means, just like there's a logos that's the truth that speaks, order out of chaos at the beginning of time.

There's an antithetical spirit, the hostile brother. That's Cain to Abel, which we'll talk about next week. That's doing exactly the opposite. It's motivated by absolutely nothing but malevolence and the willingness to destroy, and it has every reason for doing so. And that's what's revealed in the next story, and Cain and Abel, in one paragraph, the first glimmerings of that outside of the strange insistence by the Christian mystics,

let's say, on the identity between the snake and the Garden of Eden and the author of all evil himself. Okay, so we only have 15 minutes today. I wanted to finish that, so apologies for going over a little longer. All right. Sure. Hi, Dr. Peterson. Over the last couple weeks and further back, you talk a lot about consciousness and the importance of it.

I was hoping to get your opinion on an issue of consciousness that has often seen Christianity among other groups and politics kind of clash. So I'm hoping to get your views on the consciousness or lack thereof of a human fetus and how that's whenever they are and any legislation. No. Thank you, thank you. Okay, so the first question is, do I have an answer for that? That's a good enough answer to actually reveal. No, I don't, but I can flail about a little bit around it. Abortion is clearly wrong. I don't think anybody debates that.

You wouldn't recommend that someone that you love have won. Okay, now, having clarified that, that mere statement doesn't eliminate the complexity of the situation. The first question is, should everything wrong be illegal? That's a tough question. Everything that's wrong isn't illegal. Then there's the additional complication of the difference, let's say, in gravity.

Regarding the problem in relationship to men and women. And we don't know how to deal with that. Having said that, I would say that it's actually the wrong question. There's something Leonard Cohen said once. He said that in a massacre, there's no decent place to stand. And what he meant by that was sometimes you're where there is no good decision left.

No matter what you do, it's wrong. So then the question is how did you get there? Well, let's say you're in a position where you are inclined to seek an abortion. The question is, how did you get there? Now, we have a lot to straighten out about the sexual relationships between men and women in the modern world.

They're bent and warped and demented out of shape. One of the things I see with young people, for example, is that they will engage in sexual acts with one another that they would not talk about with one another. I mean, couples will do that for that matter. Like married couples will do that. But they're married.

That's a different story. It seems to me that if you are willing to engage in a sexual act with someone with whom you would not discuss that act, you probably put the cart before the horse. So the discussion regarding the legality of abortion is nested inside a larger discussion about the morality of abortion, and that's nested inside a larger discussion

about the proper place of sexuality and human behavior. And to me, that's the level at which the problem needs to be addressed. Now, I don't have the answer to that, you know, because the old answer was, get married, that's a good answer, and it's an answer that people should still listen to. But we'll put that aside momentarily.

I had a client at one point who was, I don't know, she was probably, I'm not, I'm going to disguise her in a variety of different ways. She was 27, 20, thereabouts had come from a relatively conservative background, quite a timid, fearful person, and also not very well, quite a timid, fearful person, and also not very well, not sophisticated in relationship to relationships.

And she'd never had sex. Well, there's a bunch of things she'd never done. Well, the answer from me to her wasn't, continue to be timid about everything, because that wasn't working out for her. She needed to go have some adventures. Now, sexual adventures like other adventures are dangerous. And so, you have to be very careful when you encourage people to go out and have adventures. But too much timidity and caution also constitutes a pathway to perdition, let's say. You can't just say to people in the modern world, well you

know sex till you're married unless you're going to get married when you're very young and perhaps you should. I don't know about that, but I don't think that we're mature enough as a culture to have a serious discussion about sexual propriety, especially in the aftermath of the birth control pill, and we seriously need to do that, and we haven't. And so I think the eternal debate about abortion horrible as it is is a, it's the surface manifestation of a much deeper problem. Now I talked a little bit today about the utility of marriage, like the spiritual utility

of marriage. And that's something that I think we're so immaturely cynical as a culture. Like we're not wise enough to look at an institution like marriage and to really think about what it means and what it signifies. It signifies a place that people can tie the ropes of their lives together so that they're stronger. It signifies a place that people can tie the ropes of their lives together so that they're stronger. It signifies a place where people can tell the truth to one another. It signifies a place where sexuality can properly be integrated into life.

That's no easy task. It's a place where children, at least in principle, can be put first and foremost as they should be once they exist. And so there's a much broader discussion that has to happen, I think, before any concentration on the legality of abortion is liable to get anywhere at all. That's what it looks like to me. So that's the best I can do with that question. Thank you. Applause. Hi, Dr. Peterson.

Earlier you showed a picture of Foxy and Noah. Yeah, right. And Osiris. And in your maps of meaning lectures, you also explained that cultures around the world have these twin snakes that are everywhere. Yeah, they're everywhere, man. Yeah, and so you mentioned that you believe this is a representation of DNA?

You would bring that up, too. Jesus, what is it with you guys tonight? Yeah, well, yeah. No, I wouldn't say I believe that. I have my suspicions that that might be it. Yeah, because believe is too strong a word, but those representations are everywhere. And read this book. this is a good one. Oh man, now I have to remember the book. It's by an anthropologist who went down to the Amazon jungle and experimented intensively with Ayahuasca. I think it's called the Cosmic Serpent.

I think that's the name of the book. You could read that. There's another one called Breaking Open the Head, which is also pretty damn interesting. And there's something to those books. I mean, the cosmic serpent kind of goes off on a bit of a tangent, I would say, although breaking open the head is better, it seems to stay more constrained and tight, but there's... We don't know the limits of our perception, especially under certain conditions.

And I think people have had intimations of DNA as the cosmic serpent forever. So yeah. But that's way out on the frontiers of my knowledge, right? Like I'm guessing in a dreamlike way when I'm making statements like that. So you didn't mention that you did believe it and that there were sort of maybe some some dreams and interpretations that might have emerged but I don't see how we could have perceived DNA as it is. Right? Well yes we didn't objectively but I'm not so sure we didn't subjectively.

But it's very strange that these double helixes exist in so many places and that they're often utilized as healing symbols with the snake. So, anyways, like I said, that's, what do you call that? It's not hypothesizing, it's one thing worse than that, speculating. Those are speculations. I'm operating at the edge of my understanding, but our perceptions are very mutable and we can see things under some conditions that you wouldn't think that anybody could see.

So, okay, yep. What you're saying is the moment that Adam and Eve eat the apple, they become nervous or whatever. That's awareness of their own vulnerability. So then like he said, it's also awareness of their own capacity to do harm. So it's like when they're eating the apple, then that's them. Their immediate sort of nervous reaction is because they ate the apple and they kind of became evil in that moment or something like that. Well, they woke up and because they woke up and realized how they could be hurt, how they could and would be hurt over the

over the upcoming over time. It's the same as the discovery of you, the discovery of your own nakedness and the discovery of time are very very similar phenomena. and the discovery of time are very, very similar phenomena. I mean, Sure, as soon as you know how you can be hurt, well, you know if you have to just consult your evil fantasies, it's like, what'll really hurt them? Oh, yeah, that would work. It's like, how do you know that? Well, you just think about it.

What would happen if that happened to me? That would hurt. Oh, yeah, that'll work. It'll hurt him or her. And you know, you probably think that way twice a week, or maybe twice a day. Jesus, every time you have an argument with someone, oh, you have to do this look at the back of your mind

a little bit, you don't want to, that's for sure. But if you do, you'll see these sorts of thought processes generating constantly. It's like, you know, in a back and forth discussion, particularly with people you love, it's like you're always, in a back-and-forth discussion, particularly with people you love, it's like you're always looking for a place to put the knife in. So then it seems really similar to me, it seems like they're kind of discovering the kind of like Jungian shadow within themselves, so that that is the moment where it got introduced into the human spirit.

Sure. And one of the things about the shadow is that it's also when you integrate that, that's what makes you a substantial person. So it seems to me that on one hand, well, it seems like this tragedy that Satan, the father of evil, whatever has introduced into people, but it also seems like without that shadow that people are kind of insubstantial.

So. Yeah, well, right, right. I mean, like I said that there's been a multitude of interpretations emerge as a consequence of that story. What was God up to? Was God in fact evil, the initial God? Like, why would he create a snake?

Why would he put it in the garden? Why would there be these trees? What the hell is going on with the whole Satan thing? You know, it's very, very problematic. Well, we'll talk about it more. And this again is, let's call it speculation. Well, if you want to make something strong, you test it. And maybe if you want to make something ultimately strong, you test it ultimately. And I think that there's an aspect of being that has that element is that human beings

are tested ultimately. It's partly because we know good and evil now. And so that's the landscape in which we exist. So you could say, the landscape is across. It's chaos and order, and it's good and evil, and we're stuck in the middle between those two things. It's a very common theme by the way in video games. Exactly that.

Chaos, order, good, evil. It's the basic plot of endless video games, and that's perhaps because it's the basic plot. Those are the things we have to contend with. Well, I had a vision once. I shouldn't tell you this, but I will anyways. I had a vision once that I went to heaven, and I was put in a Roman amphitheater with Satan,

just like Thor, encountering the Hulk, right? That's coming up in that new Avengers movie. And so that was rather a shock, because I thought that was a hell of a thing to happen in heaven. And so I had this battle, and I won. And at the end, I came up to God and said, like, you know, what's with the whole Roman amphitheatre thing there?

It seemed like a bit over the top to me. I said, why would you put me in a ring with someone thing like that? And he said, because I knew you could win. And I don't know what to make of that. One thing I should make of it is I shouldn't tell you, but whatever. But there's something to that in my estimation.

It's like, do you protect the people you love or do you try to make them strong? So you think it's not that we have like Satan to thank for making us substantial, it's that God gave us Satan in order to make us substantial. Well, I'd hesitate to say that because you know, it's so cut and dried, but I would say that there's a strong underlying theme in the biblical narrative. Yes. Now, it's certainly not the only theme. It's not the only interpretation by any stretch of the imagination. But there is something there. And there's something there, you know, at the end, we didn't talk about this. God puts up this flaming sword and these charibem to keep you away from the tree of life. It's like, it seems, if paradise and immortality

are the promised land, then what's with the whole flaming angel and sword thing? We could have just had the damn fruit 5,000 years ago and not bothered with the problem. Well, it seems to me that there's something like, I don't know what it is, consciousness through tragedy, clarity through suffering, maybe something like that, or maybe the perfection that lurks as a potential in the future is something that has to be

earned rather than given. Maybe it has no value without free choice. Maybe we have to distinguish between good and evil now that we have the capacity to actually apprehend them. Maybe that's what life is about. Maybe that's the separating of the wheat from the chaff. See, that's the idea in Revelation, right? Because when Christ comes back in the book of Revelation, he divides the damned from

the saved, and the saved are the people who lived in logos, roughly speaking, and the damned are those who don't. And so there's this idea that there's this dynamic that underlies experience that is in fact that sorting. Now, I don't know what to make of that at all, but that's the story. But what I can make of that is that I can't put a lever underneath the argument that I just made tonight about the relationship

between the development of vision, the snake, the fruit, nakedness, time, the future, work, and most importantly, the emergence of evil. That seems to me to be, I cannot find a way to undermine that argument. It seems I can't break it, and that's what I'm always looking for when I'm trying to formulate ideas. I'm trying to look for something that no matter how hard I try, I cannot break, and I can't break that set of ideas. Now, what the full implication is of that set of ideas, God only knows. Right? But... But I could say also, practically, one of the things that I've observed is that lies and deception destroy people's lives.

And when they start telling the truth and acting it out, things get a lot better. Got to stop. Thank you for listening to the Jordan B. Peterson podcast. This was episode 22, Adam and Eve, self-consciousness, evil, and death. To support these podcasts, you can donate to Dr. Peterson's Patreon account, the link to which can be found in the description. And Dr. Peterson's self-development programs, self-authoring can be found at self-authoring.com. Thanks for listening. you