The Jordan Harbinger Show - 1292: Abigail Marsh | How Fear Separates Saints from Psychopaths Part 1

Episode Date: March 3, 2026

What separates someone who'd donate a kidney to a stranger from someone who might steal one? Abigail Marsh explains the neuroscience of fear on part 1 of 2.Full show notes and resources can be found here: jordanharbinger.com/1292What We Discuss with Dr. Abigail Marsh:Psychopaths don't lack all emotion — they specifically lack the ability to recognize and feel fear. Where most people see terror on someone's face, a psychopath sees something unidentifiable — a deficit that fundamentally rewires how they relate to other humans.Many of psychology's most famous studies — the Stanford Prison Experiment, the Milgram shock test, the Kitty Genovese bystander story — turned out to be deeply flawed or outright fabricated. Humans are actually far more compassionate than these narratives suggest; CCTV data shows bystanders intervene 90% of the time.Psychopathy isn't caused by "bad parenting" in any simple way — it's a neurodevelopmental disorder with significant genetic heritability, much like autism or ADHD. Blaming parents echoes the same harmful logic that once attributed schizophrenia to "cold mothers."Household chaos — literal noise, inconsistent rules, revolving caregivers — makes it significantly harder for children to learn behavioral patterns. It's not just abuse that derails development; it's the inability to pick out a reliable signal from an overwhelming amount of environmental noise.The sweet spot of effective parenting — and really, of shaping better humans — is combining genuine warmth with consistent boundaries. Love without structure breeds entitlement; structure without love breeds resentment. But together, they build the foundation for compassion and resilience in any child.And much more... [This is part one of a two-part episode. Stay tuned for part two later this week!]And if you're still game to support us, please leave a review here — even one sentence helps! Sign up for Six-Minute Networking — our free networking and relationship development mini course — at jordanharbinger.com/course!Subscribe to our once-a-week Wee Bit Wiser newsletter today and start filling your Wednesdays with wisdom!Do you even Reddit, bro? Join us at r/JordanHarbinger!This Episode Is Brought To You By Our Fine Sponsors: BetterHelp: 10% off first month: betterhelp.com/jordanButcherBox: Free protein for a year + $20 off first box: butcherbox.com/jordanDeleteMe: 20% off: joindeleteme.com/jordan, code JORDANWayfair: Start renovating: wayfair.comProgressive Insurance: Free online quote: progressive.comThe President's Daily Brief: Listen here or wherever you find fine podcasts!See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Coming up next on the Jordan Harbinger show. I mean, TikTok and Instagram are the worst news ever for, like, all scientists because they're just drowning in misinformation. I hate that word, but they're bad information, especially about clinical psychology. And it's just so hard to, like, get heard about the chatter. But, I mean, one of the mistakes that people make is thinking that somehow, like, being loving and having standards and expectations and reinforcing misbehavior with consequences are somehow, like, opposite ends of the spectrum. And so either you're a super permissive parent and you're loving and warm and your kid can do anything they want. And you're like, oh, just need to give them more love. That's no good, right?

That's called permissive parenting. We know 100% that that is not going to result in good consequences. Kids do end up with more behavior problems as well and more anxiety when they're raised that way. But then some parents go too far the opposite direction where they're like, I want to be super withholding and gruff and stern and a really harsh punishment and my kid gets no autonomy. And that's called authoritarian parenting. And that's bad too, right? Kids do not turn out well when they're raised that way. Welcome to the show. I'm Jordan Harbinger.

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These are collections of our favorite episodes on topics like persuasion and negotiation, psychology, geopolitics, disinformation, China, North Korea, crime and cults, and more that'll help new listeners get a taste of everything we do here on the show. Just visit Jordan Harbinger.com slash start or search for us in your Spotify app to get started. Today we're talking about psychopaths, extreme altruists, and the thin neurological line between donating a kidney to a stranger and maybe stealing a kidney from a stranger. We've all heard the classics, Stanford Prison, an experiment, Milgram participants shocking someone while they scream, and the whole bystanders

did nothing murders in New York, these studies shaped how we think about human nature. The problem is a lot of that stuff turned out to be total garbage. So if the psychology canon is shaky, what's actually true about who we are? Why are one to two percent of the population clinically psychopathic, but nearly 50 percent of criminals meet the criteria? Why do psychopaths struggle to recognize fear in other people's faces like they've never seen the color red? Why don't they report feeling fear at all, but instead, curiosity. On the other extreme, what kind of brain wiring makes somebody donate a kidney to a complete stranger? Today, we're diving into the neuroscience of fear, psychopathy, extreme altruism, super face recognizers, whether nature versus nurture is the

wrong question entirely, and whether someday we'll be able to predict who becomes a hero and who belongs behind bars. Here we go with Dr. Abigail Marsh. So I read the book, and I mean, look, you'll never get sick of doing podcasts about psychopaths. People love psychopaths. They just can't get enough of it. Whether it's true crime, psychopaths murdering people, or it's just what's up with this person's brain. My most popular episodes are this professor studies psychopaths and found out they were a psychopaths or something along those lines. Oh, James Fallon. Yeah, of course. Yeah. The late James Fallon. And I hate to do this because I know he's no longer with us, but the older I get and the more episodes I do about psychopaths, the more I'm like, was that true? I don't know.

And that's the paradox, right? If he was lying, how psychopath is. Right. What a weird thing to do. He must be a psychopath. But if he's telling the truth, well, then he's a psychopath according to his own admission. So I don't know. The way he found out he was a psychopath.

And I'm going off memory here. So you might have to correct me, since you know him too. He said, I was studying psychopaths. And then one of my students picked a brain scan out of a pile and was like, let's work on this psychopath. And he was like, oh, cool, who is this person? And they were like, it's you, right? It's a great story. Oh my God, that's my brain.

I'm a psychopath. I had no idea. And I guess the question I'm really crappily formulating on the fly here is, can you just look at a brain scan and go, oh, look at this person, they're a psychopath? No, definitely not. Okay. Well, that answers that then. We need like the womp-womp sound now because. Yeah.

Yeah. No, you can't look at a brain scan and diagnose or really any psychological disorder right now. We just don't have that level of precision. So that definitely didn't happen. And then in addition, he wasn't a psychopathy researcher. He was a schizophrenia researcher. So I have many questions about that origin story. There have been unfortunately quite a few examples in just the last year or so of people whose stories were just a little too pretty to be true, turning out not to be true with Oliver Sacks being the big one.

All those gorgeous stories about his neuropsychology patients turn out to have been mostly fabricated. Yeah. I don't know the details on those. I do know that for my show, the big one for me was Frank Abagnale, write the Catch Me If You Can guy. This has nothing to do with neuropsychology, I suppose, but he was the guy from the movie, Catch Me If You Can, Leonardo DiCaprio. It's like, oh, he did all these amazing things.

He became a fake pilot and a fake lawyer and a fake doctor. Turns out he was just in prison for check fraud during the period of time that all of this was supposedly happening. There's no records of it anywhere. He never worked with the FBI on any of this. It was all just a big con. And he became like this fraud expert. And what was funny to me, which should have been a flag, but again, he had so much social proof to sort of make everyone believe his story, including like James Cameron or whoever made that movie with him, right?

He had so much social proof. I ignored it. When I had him on the show and we talked about fraud, I was like, this guy doesn't really know much about this. He's telling me the same thing that was in the movie and like this layman's term thing. But he's not this sort of expert other than there's all these sort of like platitudes you can say about fraud. like make sure that you do your dude. Like he didn't really have any sort of unique insight. And I was like, huh, for a fraud expert, this guy sure sounds like an amateur to me.

And, you know, lo and behold, he was just a mump who got pinched for check fraud because it wasn't sophisticated and then made up this entire story and then sold it. And that was the big fraud. Maybe you should be, you know, some sort of a profiler for the FBI or something. Very well detected. I mean, instead of being a profiler, what you have to do is just go, this really sounds like BS. and I don't care how many other people believe it, it still sounds like BS. But what I did was go,

wow, this sounds like BS, but geez, everybody else believes it. There's a movie about it. The AARP hired him as their guy for fraud. It must just be he's on and off day. Or like, they made all these excuses for him. And they just turned out that my instinct slash what my initial read was was true.

And I guarantee you that if you interviewed a thousand people who knew him, they'd be like, yeah, it never quite added up. But, you know, he had this job and they made it the movie. so whatever, you know, it's like someone goes on Oprah and is like selling a crappy diet that's obviously fake and you're like, but they were on Oprah and you're like, well, they were on Oprah, you know? And then it's like, well, maybe Oprah makes dumbass grifter's famous, which is actually the truth, right? Sorry, Oprah. I know it's probably unintentional. Anyway, what are we talking about against psychopaths instead of for, yeah, thanks for coming on the show.

Yeah. I'm just going to sit here and listen to you. I mean, that's what everybody else is doing right now, but it's against their will. They're wondering when you're going to chime in. So I'm really enjoying it. So psychopathy is always interesting for me. And I have actual questions about this, and I swear I'm going to ask them in a second. But the book starts with this Cory Booker hero experience. Cory Booker, not psychopathic.

I should emphasize, yeah. He's not a psychopath, to be clear. But tell me about this because, one, I'd never heard that. And two, if I did this and I was a politician, I would never shut up about it, which is probably good that I'm not in that field of work. I mean, it is sort of an interesting paradox is that, you know, people who are politicians can't be too humble. It's bad for business.

Well, yeah, but truly altruistic people genuinely are humble. It is a feature. And so that is what leads me to believe he really is a genuinely altruistic person because he doesn't really talk about it. As heroic people never talk about what they've done. So what happened was back when he was still the mayor of Newark, so this was well over a decade ago, he was driving home. to his neighborhood. And when he pulled up in his driveway, he discovered that his neighbor's house

was on fire. And I don't think anybody was there to help yet, but his neighbor was outside in the front yard screaming that I believe it was her daughter, was still trapped inside in the house. And so, like many heroic people do in a situation like this, Booker later said he just acted. He didn't think he wasn't weighing the cost and benefits. How will this look to my constituents? None of that. He just dove in. He had to fight his bodyguard off. His bodyguard is literally pulling him back by the belt, trying to keep him from any into the building, and fought him off and ran up the stairs into the building through a burning kitchen. Embers raining down on his head, smoke filling his lungs, gropes through the dark into this bedroom off the kitchen and finds his neighbor's daughter, who was unconscious, throws her over his shoulder, and then sort of stumbles back out through the kitchen. Again, embers and ashes raining down on him, smoke filling his lungs, and then, you know, collapses in the archery.

outside having rescued a woman that he'd never met before. And I think he was eventually taken to the emergency room because he had smoke inhalation and burns. I mean, it was really incredible what he had done. And the world just erupted in admiration for him. Bodyguard had a bad day, though. Like, I'm probably getting fired. No pun intended.

Major fail, yeah, from the bodyguard. Yeah, oops. So my job is to keep you from dying and I just let you run into a burning building. I swear I tried to keep it. Or the story is like, yeah, I had to fight him off. He's like, look, if you go in there, you got to make something up about how I tried to stop you, okay? Otherwise, I'm toast. Could have imagined the bodyguard.

Maybe we would have gone with him. Yeah, I was expecting you to say, and then they both ran in there. Meanwhile, the bodyguard's like, oh, I tried. I don't know. I'm not doing that. I'm not taking a boat for this guy. Actually, not that I think about it. I think a bodyguard did actually help.

I mean, he wasn't there the whole way, but I think he did ultimately help get the woman out of the building at some point. So he redeemed himself. But, yeah, I don't know. The whole episode reviewed. a couple things about heroism. One is that there's a huge difference between being fearless and being brave. And I think this is really important for just understanding the scope of human personalities. So the immediate thing people think when they hear about something like this is, oh, this person is incapable of feeling fear if they were going to do something that's dangerous. But if you actually listen to what Cory Booker

said after the incident, he talked about how terrified he was in every single interview. He was sure he was going to die. He was absolutely terrified. All he felt was fear. And so that suggests that there's something in very altruistic people other than just in sensitivity to fear, which is not really a virtue. Rather, they have the ability to overcome their fear because they actually care about other people. So that's a really good illustration of them. This is not the same thing. But did you see Alex Honnold climb Taipei 101 last week? Yes. Unbelievable. And it has nothing to do with altruism, obviously. But that's a guy where you're like, aren't you a little worried because you're on the 50th floor now? And if you fall, you don't have any ropes.

Like, that's what everyone wants to know. Aren't you afraid of dying? And he's done interviews where he's like, yeah, but repeated exposure to stimulus of fear makes it go down. Okay, that's probably true to a certain extent. But I don't know. I would like to talk to somebody who's in like a Ukrainian trench right now and be like, hey, are you less scared today? And they're probably going to be like, no, not really.

You know, most normal people are going to still be as scared on day five as they are on day one or day 500 because you can still die. You might be more nonchalant sometimes, but no, when the artillery comes in, you're probably as scared, I would imagine. I don't know. Yeah, I mean, less scared, the more exposure you have. There's no question about that. Like, the longer you've been in a particular situation that's threatening, you know, you do habituate. That's what our brains are built to do. And clearly, lots of experiences at very tall heights without a rope has habituated Alex Honnold to danger. We know he's, you know, He's not fearless because if you listen to his TED talk, for example,

he mentions how scared he's been in various climbing situations over a dozen times. And in fact, I happen to know that he was so scared before giving his own TED talk, which is taken from me like a terrifying experience, that he couldn't sleep the night before and ended up climbing the outside of the TED building to try to shake off his nerves. Okay. Well, how unique is that? That's interesting.

And they're like, hey, you don't have to take of a talk. You just have to climb the building. He's like, oh, thank God. I was really nervous about standing in front of 85 people and having it recorded for the internet. Yeah, that's really funny. Yeah, so he's not incapable of fear, but it actually is relevant altruism because I think the thing about doing things that are brave is that we have multiple motivation systems in our brain. And so anybody can overcome their fear if the thing that's driving them forward is more powerful than the thing, the fear that's holding them back. And for him and for other climbers like him, of whom I've known some, including, I actually know one of his videos,

as somebody I grew up with who also is a really impressive climber. And they just love climbing. They just love it so much that their love for it overcomes their fear for it. And then in addition to that, they can't be the most timid people in the world. And then in addition to that, they have all this experience that helps them regulate their fear. So, you know, I think that that really explains altruism, too. Like, people who are altruistic care more about the welfare of the person in danger than they do about their own safety in that moment. In that moment. Yeah, I suppose in that The thing for me is the no ropes. Like, can't you have a fear experience? It's like, no, I need to be threatened with actual death, not just falling off the building, being rescued by a rope and trying

again or being embarrassed that I failed climbing a skyscraper. I have to actually die. I would love to know about that part because it doesn't make obvious sense to me why you couldn't do that climb with ropes. But, you know, maybe it makes you feel fettered somehow that there's ropes holding you back. I have no idea. Yeah, I could use a little fettering if I was climbing a skyscraper. This is why he does it and I don't, I guess. This does. This does. does come back to something. I know people are like, what are you talking about? I thought we're talking about psychopaths. I do want to take a little circle back here because you hear about things like the Stanford Prison Experiment, which was where I think some students became guards and they started

sort of torturing the students who volunteered to be prisoners. And then the Milgram experiment where there's an actor who was getting shocked and pretending that it hurt really bad. And then the students kept shocking the guy and shocking the guy and he kept screaming more and more and more. And then on top of that, when I was in law school, we studied this murder in New York where I think her name was like Kitty something. And she was running around and screaming for like two hours. And the guy was chasing her with the knife. And she was screaming and she got stabbed.

And then she kept running and screamed. And nobody called the police. And these kinds of experiments are all super famous in that urban legend about the murder. They're all so famous. And then you find out 20 years later that, oh, yeah, this is kind of BS, right? That murder did not happen that way. Well, the murder happened, but lots of people tried to help. I mean, in the Kitty Genevievee's story, there was a person who went down there with her.

and was, you know, cradling her and lots of people called the cops. But that's, for some reason, that's not a sticky narrative, right? The real narrative, the narrative people want is that people who live in cities. Because that was the whole point at the time that episode came out is that cities are just hotbeds of inequity and callousness. And so it was a sticky story that nobody helped her when in reality lots of people did, which is the norm. There's a huge study that came out maybe two or three years ago that pulled CCTV footage of people getting attacked in public places. from three different countries. It was, I think, the U.K., South Africa, and maybe Belgium. And I don't know if you have a guess as to the percentage of times where somebody was attacked in public and it was caught on CCTV camera and bystanders came to their defense. Oh, man, 75% of the time? Oh, pretty good. That's very close. 90. Wow. That's even more. Yeah. So basically almost nine out of ten times someone's going to try to help you if you get attacked in public. That's amazing. Totally. Right. And the actual lesson of the Milgram study is that people are more competitive.

passionate than they are prone to obey authorities. Because if you watch that Milgram video, a million times as I have because I teach introductory psychology, what you'll discover is that the only way they could get people to be more likely to continue shocking this innocent stranger who's crying out that his heart is bothering him, rather than obeying their compassion, which they all clearly felt because these people who were, you know, continuing to press a shock button were visibly suffering, right? They're sweating. They're like rubbing their faces. They keep asking. to stop. Like, they don't want to keep doing it. But when the authority figure tells them to keep going, they do. But only if the authority figure is standing right there in their face and the victim is on the other side of a wall where they can't see him and they can only intermittently hear him. If the experiment or the authority and the victim are equally salient, so they're both in the room or they're both out of the room, compassion wins over obedience. The majority of people will stop administering shocks at some point during the experiment. And the Stanford Prison Experiment, they finagle that they put their thumb on the scale, right? What didn't they say? There's like records of them being like,

hey, be more this way, which is not, you know, how experiments work. Unfortunately, I think Zimbardo really wanted to sell a particular story. And so he really coached the people in the experiment, especially the people playing the prison guards who were Stanford students. He coached them on what to do. He was trying to make the case that you put people in a negative situation and will automatically elicit negative behavior from them. But it turns out that isn't what happens. So we had to tell them to act like beasts. Psychopaths don't feel fear. I, on the other hand, feel abject terror every time I look at the feedback Friday inbox.

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it. Now, back to Abigail Marsh. There's a book all about a lot of these things by Rutger Bregman. Have you read that? He came on the show and talked about this. I think it's called humankind or something like that. And it's basically about there was a Lord of the Flies type situation. And everybody expects it to become sort of Lord of the Flies. And what happened was everybody cooperated and like survived together.

And he goes over in depth all these sort of narratives that humans do this and their result to this corruption and power over other. And it's like, nope, actually, when you look at the data or when you rerun this, that's not what happens at all. People are by nature more cooperative and more compassionate than you expect. And a lot of these urban legends like the murder in NYC or these experiments that were sort of fiddled with, they're just not true. This is not the way that most humans actually behave when they are put under pressure. 100%. I couldn't have said it better. Yes, that's exactly our intuitions about other people's trustworthiness and capacity for compassion

tend to be way off. We're much too untrusting on average. Although, back to psychopathy, because I did tease that in the beginning here, what percentage of the population are psychopaths? It's a larger number than I sort of hope to hear, I think. Well, the official statistic is about 1 to 2%. Numbers may be a little higher in the U.S. than they are, for example, in Europe. Why? That's a great question. We don't know, right?

There's a lot of cultural differences. I think one possibility, which has never been officially tested, but this is the prediction I would want to test, is that there's something about founder populations at people. who emigrates, who leave their family and friends behind and take a huge risk to seek out a new life and a new place. That takes, you know, a certain amount of insensitivity to risk and a certain amount of willingness to break ties with the people that you care about the most. And I'm not saying that the people who are greater psychopathic obviously. Immigrants or psychopaths. You heard it here first. Yeah, exactly. Someone call ICE. No, that is. Definitely not. Okay. But.

Oh, God. But they have just enough more of the traits that if you have them in huge quantities create psychopathy, that it might shift the population mean over just a hair and could end us up with a lot of people who don't care about their loved ones at all and who are completely insensitive to harm and punishment, which is people with psychopathy. So anyway, it's about 1 to 2 percent. But here's the big problem. It's really hard to say where to draw the line because psychopathy is not like a natural group. It's a set of traits that varies in the population. So sort of where you decide to draw the cutoff is a little bit arbitrary. Yeah, I'm thinking that it has to be right, because I know a lot of founders, I guess I am one.

This is a media company at the end of the day, and I moved away from my family in Michigan, and I went abroad and lived there for a while, but I'm pretty sure that I'm not a psychopath. Like, I've high degree of confidence that I care a lot about other people. I'm not totally insensitive to their feelings, things like that. So 1 to 2%, that's much higher, I think, than most people would like. I was kind of hoping for 1 in 1,000, but 2 in 100, 1 in 50, you're running into these people just day to day at that rate. Oh, yeah, you know somebody with psychopathy already.

So if one to two percent of the population has a clinically significant level of psychopathy, and most people's social networks include 100 to 150 people, all of us know somebody with psychopathy. So that's the bad news. But the good news is that the stereotypes people have about psychopathy are usually a little off. And so the person with psychopathy you already know, you may just not have recognized that that's what. what their behavior adds up to.

The more I do shows like this, the more I'm like, you know what? Because they're not a violent killer at all, of course. This is not my friend who went to prison. I mean, I have those too. But I have friends who just didn't do any work in college. And they were like, we're going to kick you out. And then he sort of just schmoozed his way past academic probation and then went abroad and did a Fulbright. And it's like, you were the guy that the teachers had written off is like not caring.

and then you went and did a Fulbright, and it's not like this person's a quiet genius. They were just really, really willing to lie. There was one guy who got a Fulbright, and he's actually quite well known now. It founded a company, and then they got in trouble for something. I remember, I was like,

how are you going to do that? And he's like, oh, I'm giving talks on Africa. And I was like, have you been to Africa? And he goes, Jordan, you just have to tell people you're an expert in something and they will believe you. And I was like, yeah, that's called lying, but you do you, bro.

and that was his strategy. And he wrote a book. And it was like, okay. Sounds like Frank Arignale a little bit. A little bit. And I remember thinking like there's no way you're going to get away with this. And like hundreds of millions of dollars in his startup that's like quite successful later.

I'm like, nope, you are definitely getting away with this. Like that is what you have done so far. People can absolutely get away with that stuff. And you know, this person may not hit the level of like clinical levels of psychopathy, but he's sound just from a, you know, brief description like he could very much be in that direction. And that's much more prototypically psychopathic. A certain disregard for rules, right? A belief that you are more important than other people and that it is okay to do things that exploit or use or harm other people because you matter and they don't, really. People who are

psychopathic are not necessarily violent. I know lots of people with psychopathy who are not violent at all because violence is at the end of the day, in many cases, sort of a tool that people use to get what they want. And, you know, people who are psychopathic may use that tool, but many of them don't. They really just sort of want to get what they want. And what happens to other people as a result of their behavior is not of that much concern to them. This is interesting, right? Because I know some people I suspect are psychopaths. None of them are violent, well, with the exceptions of the ones that landed in prison. But I really think the reason that most of them are not violent is they're like, I don't need to be violent to do this. All I have to do is lie my face off. It's going to be way more

effective, violence wouldn't even reach the goal that I want, right? Like, you can't be violent and get venture capitalists to invest in your company. That's the opposite of what you would do, right? But I think would they be violent if they could get their results that they needed that way? Possibly. And, like, my childhood friend who murdered his girlfriend and caught her into little pieces and is now spending life in prison, like that guy used violence to get what he wanted. What did he want? Yeah, well, it was an impulsive reaction, I think, that his girlfriend, like, broke up with her or something and he killed her. And then he panicked and hid the body in, like, a really gruesome way. So I don't know if that's psychopathic, but it sure sounds like it, I don't know, the violence part anyway. It's definitely highly antisocial. Problem with people who are with especially young men, but to some extent, young women in their late teen, early 20s is that that is the time when a lot of different psychological disorders are emerging for the first time, including schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. which can lead people to engage in really bad behavior, including in some cases really violent behavior, especially purposeless violent behavior. So a lot of the time when you see, for example, people in that age range who were spree killers, so they'd go out and just shoot a bunch of strangers.

That's completely purposeless behavior. It's serving no goal. It's not benefiting the person who's doing it in any way. And so it does turn out a lot of the time people who do that kind of thing are not. They're becoming psychotic. they're in the early stages of that. It's not a rational choice. Whereas people who are psychopathic, almost always their behavior is to serve some goal that they've got for themselves. And luckily, for the most part, society is set up that you actually get what you want more often than not when you are prosocial, when you do the right thing. And that's the kind of society we want to live in. Better things happen to you when you do pro-social things than when you do antisocial things. If you're a jerk, right? If you're obviously manipulating people,

If you're, you know, beating them up, if you're threatening them, people won't like you and they won't want to have a relationship with you. They won't want to help you. You'll get punished, you know, whether legally or just some other sanction, that's good, right? We want a society like that. And so most of the time, even people who are psychopathic actually will behave in pro-social ways because it's beneficial for them. And, you know, it just makes the most sense and it's the most practical. Do we know what percentage of criminals are psychopathic? Is that something you can measure easily?

Yeah. So if you use the most commonly used measurement of psychopathy in prisons, which is called the psychopathy checklist revised or a PCR, the estimate is that about 50 to 60 percent, I think, of violent criminals, so people in prison who were violent are psychopathic and maybe 25 or so percent of people in prison overall are psychopathic. Okay. Yeah, that actually makes a lot of sense, right? I mean, there's the people who decide to just murder the other drug dealers so they can have. their business. It's like, okay, there's more than one screw loose if that's your business plan, right? And you're executing that. I was actually surprised to read that a lot of aggression is actually inherited. I didn't know that there was a heritability factor to aggression. I mean, I suppose it makes sense. You can inherit other personality traits as well, and aggression just happens to be one of those. Absolutely, yeah. There is no psychological outcome that doesn't have any heritability, right? That has no genetic basis whatsoever. And the average personality trait we think

is about 50% heritable. So half the variation is due to genetic differences. And that seems to be true with psychopathy and aggression as well. Half to maybe even two thirds, a variation in these traits is heritable. Some people are aggressive depending on the context of their life, right? So like my dad grew up in a bad neighborhood, but then he was like, hey, I should go to college and make something of myself. So he did. But a lot of the people he grew up with, they didn't do that.

You know, they joined like a gang or something, right? And they didn't make it. So it's not that my dad, just by example, doesn't have an aggression switch. It's just that it's remained off his whole life because he doesn't use that. But my dad, given that another set of circumstances, like he was actually unable to go to college or something like that and had to continue working on the Ford Assembly line, maybe he does get into bar fights or he does pick up an alcohol problem and then beats people up, right? my great-grandfather or great-grandfather, whatever, uncle, aunt, whatever, he was like a gang

enforcer for the Jewish mafia. And the reason he did that was, yeah, I know. The reason he did that was because, I think this might have been my mom's grandfather or something. I got to ask her. The reason he did that was he tried to get a job at Ford and they were like, we don't hire Jews. And he was like, dang it. So then when they were making unions, the union busters were like, hey, we hire Jews. Your job is to go beat up people who are trying to start unions.

and he was like, all right, well, I need a job. So he did that. And the only photo we have of him is him beating some dude in the street, wearing, you know, fancy clothes from 1903 or whatever era it was, like beating someone. I guess they probably weren't fancy clothes, but they look old-timey and fancy. And it's like him kicking some dude in the street. And it's like, yeah, this guy, you know, along with the other purple gang guys or whatever their gang was, like beat up these union organizers.

And here's a black and white photo that's all fuzzy. Wow. What a legacy. Yeah, like, but what he wanted to do was build cars on an assembly line. I don't think he was like, how can I get paid for beating people up? He just wanted a job. That's a really good example of the fact that, you know, most people have the capacity to be aggressive. Most of us exercised it when we were maybe two or three years old, which is statistically the most violent period of person's life. For anybody who's had a toddler, they well know this. But even as we're older, we all have the capacity for aggression. It's just that different people have different capacities. So, you know, for example, men are on average, definitely more aggressive. than women, cross-context, across cultures, it doesn't matter where you look. However, within any context, only a small fraction of people are responsible for most of the aggression, but almost anybody will be aggressive if that is the only way that they have to get what they need, right? So your great-grandfather, it wasn't that he was particularly interested in being violent, but there was

no other way for him to support himself. And so if that was the only tool that he was left with, he's like, okay, whereas some people might have gravitated toward a tool like that, even if there were other options. Yeah. By the way, this was not like a good guy. He had like two families and stuff. You know, he was one of those guys. Oh, the intrigue grows. He was not a good guy. No, no, he wasn't like a good dude who just fell on hard time. Like, he was a piece of crap. He just maybe wasn't always a violent piece of crap until he needed to be because he needed money. Not a good guy. Okay, but this was somebody who didn't care a lot about other people's welfare. Definitely did not. No. Yeah. And I mean, this is the best way to understand people who were

psychopathic is just very instrumental. And I, and I will say this, first of all, as far as I know, I'm one of the only people in the world who set up a website, an organization, aimed at helping people who have disorders of aggression and psychopathy because I fully recognize how many people out there have psychopathy or have a close family member with it. And they really want them to get treatment, right? Many people who are psychopathic themselves are like, I don't want to be this way. I just don't know how to behave differently, no differently from somebody with any other disorder. It's just they can't find anybody who will help them. Because I really take great pains not to use psychopathy as like a smear or a slur. It's a disorder. And I also have colleagues and people who I've worked with who have been diagnosed as psychopathic, and I really have valued them and their contributions. And I fully recognize that people with psychopathy are totally capable of coming up with sort of a code for how they want to live, including a code that dictates like what it means to be a good person, even if they don't have the same emotions and drives and motivations as other people do. So I think that's really important to clarify. However, in that context, my colleagues who were psychics will agree with this, is that people who are psychopathic just don't intrinsically value other people's welfare that much. And so they are just much more instrumental on their social interactions. Every interaction is about like, what can I get? What can I get out of this person? What can I get at this situation? So that's why there's so much manipulating and lying in exploitation is it's because people most of the time are just sort of tools to get whatever the ultimate goal is. Do psychopaths sometimes arise because of troubled or abusive uprockets? I feel like I read a long time ago, and you can debunk this now if needed. Let's say you have the gene or whatever it is, but you grow up in a supportive, loving family. Maybe that switch doesn't get flipped. But if you grow up and you're surrounded by gang members in Guatemala or something like that, it's like, oh, okay, this is how I operate. So not only are you a product of

your environment, but you're a product of your environment plus genes. So it's like, what is the epigenetics, right? Is that a thing? Absolutely. Yeah. Or certainly gene environment interaction. Absolutely. Right. So anybody who has siblings, right, you grew up in the same home, but it doesn't mean you're identical. And that's true of people with psychopathy, too. They're different from the get-go. Old babies, all children are different from the get-go. But then the environment that they get put into sort of changes what opportunities they have, what behavioral habits they develop, how their emotions develop. And so 100% the environment that you're born into shapes, the way that whatever sort of initial potential you have ultimately gets expressed. So yes, if you grow up in a more violent sort of, sort of, you're born into, life environments, for example, your family home or your neighborhood, you're definitely more likely to end up engaging in violent behavior yourself, but it varies a lot across people. What I always want to reinforce is that it's not normative if you experience harsh treatment as a child to become violent yourself. That's actually atypical. Because otherwise, we're just going to end up stigmatizing everybody who had a violent childhood, oh, I should be careful about you or now you're a

danger to me. And that's actually not true. Thank goodness, right? Atypical. Yeah, right? And the other thing that happens a lot is that many people sort of reason backwards. They think, oh, well, if a harsh upbringing is the cause of psychopathy, which it's not PS, it's a much more complicated interaction. Then that means if there's an adult who's psychopathic, it must be because they were abused as a child. It's their mom's fault. That way of thinking has a long, sordid history in psychology and psychiatry thanks to Freud, most of whose ideas also PS were completely cooked up out of whole cloth. So many of the stories he's best known for are completely fictional. But, you know, he had this idea that everything about your adult personality. Any sort of maladaptive emotions and behaviors you had were a result of early childhood, you know, he didn't use the word trauma, but trauma. And it's just not true. And unfortunately, that reason got applied for a long time to people with schizophrenia, right? The idea was the reason that people developed schizophrenia is because they had schizophrenogenic mothers who made them that way. They're bad mother. Yeah. And then it was autistic children. You know, there was the whole idea that the refrigerator mothers, the cold withholding mother is what caused his children to develop autism. Mom gets blamed every time.

That's terrible. That's really bad. Right? It's terrible. And so these poor parents, like, in addition to the fact that they already are struggling to raise a child who has a lot of extra challenges and needs are getting blamed and shamed by everybody for causing the behavior. And often the parents are like, I know I didn't. Because I've got these other kids and they're not like this. And so I really don't think I could have caused it, but everybody thinks you do. We're still there when it comes to kids who have psychopathy, which PS is also a neurodevelopmental disorder, just like autism, just like ADHD, just like lots of conditions. It's not just like caused by bad. parenting in any simple way. But oh my God. I mean, this is what the reason I created the organization to help people with psychopathy and their families is because I've talked to so many parents over the years who were like, I don't know what to do, like everybody blames me, I really don't think that I cause this. I'm trying to be a good parent, but everybody thinks that I cause my kid to be this way. About half of criminals meet the criteria for psychopathy. The other half just made really bad decisions. Speaking of bad decisions, let's hear a word from our sponsors. We'll be right back. If you like this episode of the show, I invite you to

do what if they're smart and considerate listeners do. Take a moment and support our amazing sponsors. They make the show possible. All of the deals discount codes and ways to support the show are searchable and clickable over on the website at Jordan Harbinger.com slash deals. If a code's not working for you, you can't find something. You're not sure if it ever existed. Go ahead and email us, Jordan at Jordan Harbinger.com. We're happy to dig up codes for you. It really is that important that you support those who support the show. Now, back to Abigail Marsh. I would imagine parenting could enhance or reduce the appearance or potentially the expression of psychopathy, right? If you do something violent, your parents are like, this is not acceptable, we don't tolerate this, this is how you behave, maybe it tunes it down a little bit.

But if your parents are like, yeah, you beat that kid bloody who took your lunch money and then break his jaw next time. It's like, that's not going to help. Oh, yeah. So. I mean, there are families that reward kids for being violent. They explicitly reward violence. It's more than that, though. There's also variables that I don't think get enough attention.

For example, household chaos. And there's a lot of literature now about how household chaos, and this includes like literal volume chaos, like television's on all the time, a lot of noise, you know, household composition chaos, different people coming in and out all the time, makes learning harder. You know, as basic to what we know about learning is anything, right?

To learn anything, whether with language or math, or how to behave, you have to pick out patterns from the noise, from the chaos. And it's a lot harder to do when there's a lot more noise and chaos there. And so homes that are literally noisier, children tend to be slower to learn language, in part because it's just a lot harder to pick out the patterns, the language patterns from all the ambient noise. That is interesting and makes complete sense, right? You grow up an apartment with eight kids in an area where you have to keep the windows open to city noise to get airflow. And you have three TVs that you can hear at any given time in three radios and the street and your siblings. It's like good luck reading war and peace

for your book report. Yeah. And so this is also true when it comes to learning behavior in general. And this sort of comes back to the idea that a good society is one where you get rewarded when you do the right thing. And you don't get rewarded when you do the wrong thing. That's sort of good parents thing too, right? You make sure that the children get what they want when they do the right behavior consistently and they don't get what they want when they do the wrong behavior, right? Your kid wants the iPad and they hit you. You don't give them the iPad. And because if you give them the iPad when they hit you, they just learn, oh, hitting is a good tool for getting what I want. If I throw a tantrum at the grocery store when I don't get candy, God, I can't tell how many times I've seen parents do this,

right? The kid wants candy. They start complaining, then they start getting mad. And then they throw a tantrum and the parent gives in. It's like, okay, candy. And I'm like, do you understand what you just did? You just reinforce the tantrum. Now you're guaranteed to get a tantrum. Yes. the next time you're at the store. And to people like, oh, that seems really manipulative. I'm like, well, you know, parenting is shaping. Kids aren't born knowing how to behave. You really have to help them learn.

And learning is about reinforcement. So, yeah, so if you're in a household where there's a lot of different people with a lot of different expectations and rules and you can't pick out a signal, like, what is it I'm supposed to do to get the things I need and wants? It just makes it a lot harder to learn behavior. So, like, it's funny when people think about the kinds of home environments that create challenges for kids learning behavior, they all. often think about, like, being abused, which is obviously terrible and parents should not abuse

their children. But there's subtler things in that, too, that can actually make it really hard for kids to learn. One thing from your book that made me more compassionate was, let's say, a psychopathic child is just as mentally ill as a teenager with bipolar or severe depression. And they are unable to understand what they're looking at a lot of the time. They have trouble identifying emotions on faces. I thought that was really interesting. Because when you think psychopath, you're like, oh, they're loving the fact that they're hurting this person. It seems like from these tests, they don't see in the moment like this person is terrified. There was an example you gave where it's like, what is this?

And you're like, the guy says, I don't know, but it's, that's the face people make before I stab them. And you're like, that's fear. That's fear. And they got it wrong every time. They're just like, yeah, that's the pre-stab face. I don't know what that is. That was terrifying. Right.

And I feel like it's such a good example because it makes it such a compelling case that there's a real deficit. Like if you are looking at the face of a person who is extremely terrified and you look at that face and you're like, I don't know, what do you would you call that? I can't come up with anything even though I know that when I'm about to stab somebody and they think they're about to die, that's how they look. And what we think the issue is, I wouldn't say everybody thinks this, but this is certainly the data that makes the most sense is that people who are psychopathic, we know one of the differences with them is that they have very early emerging deficits in the experience of fear. They don't respond to danger or the potential of being hurt or punished as strongly as other people do. They don't learn to avoid things that result in punishment very well. They don't have a strong physiological reaction to the possibility of being hurt. And I've worked with kids who are psychopathic who say they've never felt afraid.

I had one kid even fill in on a questionnaire asking, you know, about experiences of fear. They just didn't think that my questionnaire was asking the questions right. And so they wrote in underneath. They're like, I have never felt fear. Hashtag never. Okay. hashtag never. You've never felt it.

What do they feel instead, though? Nothing or something else? Sometimes they feel something more like excitement, right? So that is a good way to account for the thrill-saking behavior based in people who were psychopathic. Because it's not that they don't feel nothing. And it's one of the reasons that, for example, people with psychopathy are really risky drivers. And a recent study we did, we asked about all different kinds of antisocial behaviors and the most common forms of antisocial behavior that very psychopathic adults in the community

engage in are substance use issues, which is a form of thrill-seeking often, and reckless and risky driving behaviors, which is definitely a form of thrill-seeking. Some of the psychopathic kids, I've never heard anything like this. Tell me about these kids. There's three. There's Amber, the little seducer, the boy who was a lone shark and Heather the amazing liar. I'd love to hear about this. We never think about psychopathic kids. Yes, and I will say that, of course, these are pseudonyms, and I've done as much as I could to conceal their identities. So, yeah, known of these kids are what most people think of when I talk about kids who are psychopathic. And in fact, one of the kids who I do think fits many people's mental image

of a psychopathic kid, when we finished testing him, we realized he wasn't psychopathic at all. He had just been putting on a big front to sort of seem tough. And this was a boy who came from a really challenged family that I think the mom had a lot of mental illness problems, the neighborhood he grew up in was pretty impoverished and high crime. And he had been involved in a lot of criminal behavior. And he seemed really tough. Like people sort of veered out of his way when we would walk him through the NIH hallways. He was tall and, you know, he sort of walked with like this tough guy sort of swagger. And all the questions we asked him were about a gun falling out of sky into his lap. And, you know, he'd been shot. He'd shot other people all sorts of theft and all kinds of delinquency.

But then when it came time to actually scan his brain for the brain imaging studies we were doing, he started asking a lot of questions, which is generally a sign that somebody's nervous. And I was this isn't right, what's going on? And he just, he wouldn't get up out of his chair when it was time to start going toward the magnet. And finally he's like, guys, I just want my mom. I don't think I can do it. And he was so sweet. Like the mask came off. The tough guy demeanor came off. He apologized to us. I was like, I'm so sorry. I really wanted to. I really thought I could. And he gave us this like big hug with his little skinny arms. And I just remember thinking like, huh, like this is a lot of people's mental image of a kid who's psychopathic is really not. He had a horrible life. I'm sure not in

every way, but in a lot of ways. And he had adopted this real tough kid demeanor to make up for it. Whereas the psychopathic kids, we worked with who were, you know, all the questions we asked them completely confirmed the high psychopathy personality. I don't think fit people's stereotypes nearly as closely. So the lone shark that you're asking about was a boy who was just the cutest most likable kid. He was 13 or 14 when we first met him. He came from, you know, one of the wealthy suburbs around D.C. Really sweet dad who brought this kid in. And the dad just clearly just really was trying to do everything he could for his son to the point of even writing this long, rhyming poem that he would give to the boys' teachers on the first day of every school year because

he knew every year was going to be a bad year because this kid got in so much trouble at school. And he just wanted so much for the teachers to see the good things about his kid, which was that he was very fun, he was funny, he was quite bright, good athlete, but he had a knack for getting in trouble, and he really liked money. And so, you know, he would do dares. I think a lot of the time it was for money. He, like, you know, rode his bicycle off the roof of the school, and I think, you know, broke his arm doing backflips. But in addition, he ran a little loan shark operation out of his bedroom. And he was in middle school at the time, I think, and he was charging high school students, you know, high school seniors, a dollar day interest, a day interest on loans that he would

give them and he would threaten them with these highly illegal fireworks if they didn't pay up on time. It was impressive in its way. But, and the thing is, you just couldn't not like him. I mean, he's just the way he told these stories. And this is one of the things about psychopathy that I think often fools people is that they confuse whether they personally like somebody with whether they're psychopathic. And my experience with people who have personality disorder. is if somebody with a personality disorder wants you to like them, you will. Huh, that's scary.

It's very hard not to. And in fact, you know, all the people that I've worked with and known who are psychopathic, I genuinely enjoy working with them, talking to them. They're just really interesting, enjoyable people. And I think this makes it difficult for sometimes people to realize

that somebody that they personally have liked is living a whole different life in some other context and has been doing really terrible things behind the scenes. And you hear this all. all the time. People are like, I can't believe this person could do this because I really like them. And it's like, well, that's because they want to do it like them. Well, this is probably not the most apt example, but my childhood friend, Amir, my mom loved him.

And he was so sweet and teachers loved him and he was so kind. And I remember he had this computer game that he really liked. And I would go over there and we'd play it just all day and then play it in the morning. And his parents would feed me and stuff like that. And I loved this game. I loved it, loved it, loved it. And the next time he came to my house, he had bought this for me, his parents, of course, had bought this for me.

We were probably in first grade. And he just gave it to me. And he was like, oh, my gosh. And he's like, yeah, you like it so much that I told my mom to go buy it for you. Wow. You were love bombed. Well, maybe. But then, like, he never did anything to me ever other than be an amazing friend.

And then when he got older, he murdered his girlfriend cut her in a little pieces. Oh. Yeah. Wow. And it was like, and my mom is like, I don't know how that is possible. What happened between when we knew him and this event that made this boy like that? And my mom has like all these crackpot theories. Like, maybe he was too spoiled.

And I'm like, a lot of kids who get too many. gifts or whatever, don't murder people in gruesome fashions and then try to hide the body. Like, that's probably not it. Well, and, you know, I don't want to draw too many conclusions yet about what happened to Rob Reiner and exactly what the problem is with his son. Rob Reiner, I see. Yeah. Obviously, he and his wife were just murdered by their son, who my guess is there's going to be

a lot of evidence about personality disorder stuff coming out. But, you know, we're still waiting. In any case, a lot of people have been pointing to, oh, him being so spoiled. I'm like, he had siblings. And there were multiple children in the household who were all raised by the same parents, and the other ones seemed to be doing great. And this kid was just different and had behavior problems and struggled to, like, control his temper from the very beginning is what I've read. He had addiction issues that he was trying to medicate or whatever, I mean, whatever causes addiction, right, in certain cases. Is psychopathy a form of brain damage?

Or is it just like you made a left turn where everybody else doesn't? Your brain just develops differently. And we don't know all the details yet, but a huge study just came out looking at. It's the biggest one yet, I think, of thousands of kids who have very serious behavior problems. And some of them also have early psychopathic traits or what are called callous on emotional traits and kids. And there are differences in the structure of the brains that's developing all over. And so something is happening different in the development of the brain. I don't know if I'd call it the brain damage necessarily, but it's certainly not functioning the same. So for example, there's a structure called the amygdala that this big study as well as lots of my studies and other studies have shown seems to be too small. in kids who are developing psychopathic traits. And it's a structure that's responsible for a lot of different outcomes. But one of them is the ability to experience fear

and coordinate that experience of fear. And then in addition to that, the other one is the ability to understand when other people are experiencing fear because that is really what empathy is, is simulating somebody else's experience. And so this comes back to the example of the guy who couldn't recognize the fearful face.

It's sort of an emotional blindness. Like it is very difficult to understand an emotion of other people that you don't feel yourself. So because people with psychopathy are developing with this relatively fearless temperament, they don't respond to punishment, they don't particularly care about getting hurt. They also don't understand what other people are afraid. They don't really understand why it's bad to make somebody feel afraid because they don't really experience that emotion themselves. And so it's definitely, you know, deficits in the brain.

So is psychopathy brain damage? I don't know. But if you've ever taken a peek at our YouTube comments, it's really tempting to run some diagnostics. If you'd like to upgrade your operating system, here are some great ways to do just that. We'll be right back. This episode is sponsored in part by Progressive. Do you ever think about switching insurance companies to see if you could save some cash? Progressive makes it easy.

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signed up yet, I invite you to come check it out. It's a great companion to the show. Jordan Harbinger.com slash news is where you can find it. Now for the rest of Part 1 with Abigail Marsh. So is this like a colorblind person and you're like, this is blue? And they go, I don't really know what that is. I've been told about it. I can sort of make a guess as to what that is. When I see this weird shade of whatever that is, sometimes it's blue. It's often green or orange. But they're just guessing, right? They're just guessing that that's what that is. Yeah, yeah. So, I mean, Thomas wrote a bestselling book about her own experiences, having psychopathy from a very early age. We talked at length about her experiences of emotions like fear and guilt and love. And she's just like, I just have never

had a feeling like you're describing. Like I just, I don't feel that emotion. After quite a bit of therapy, and there are forms of psychotherapy that do seem to be able to really improve the symptoms of people who are psychopathic, she says, although she doesn't feel love, which from a scientific perspective is intrinsically valuing somebody else's welfare. So what happens to that person matters to you regardless of how it affects you, right? So even if they have a kid, they're just like, they don't love their kid in the way other people do? Some people, People who are psychopathic, I do think, have a very narrow circle of people who they genuinely care about. So Patrick Gagne also wrote a best-selling memoir about her experiences, having psychopity that came out just last year.

I cannot say how appreciative I am about the fact that she has been so open about her own experiences and what it's like being psychopathic. I mean, to the point that many people have asked me, is she really psychopathic? To which I say, yes, she was definitely assessed as having all the relevant traits by a responsible clinician. But she's not what you think of when you think of psychopathy. so that's why you don't get it. It would be so weird being married to somebody like that. Can you imagine she's like, you know what we should do? We should volunteer for the bake sale and steal all the money.

And the husband's like, no, we should not do that. Oh, you're right. You're right. Sorry, my bad. I already volunteered for the bake sale, though, so we're baking some pies. And just, yeah. Obviously, she's probably not really like this. But if I'm married to a psychopath and I'm the husband, I got to be like,

has she done any weird shit lately? I better check. I better make sure that she's not doing anything. weird because I'm in the inner circle. I'm not worried about me. I'm worried about the neighbor who just uses a leaf blower. And after she said, please don't do that well, I'm doing my podcast. And it's like, are you out there dismantling this guy's leafblower or putting an M80 in it so it explodes next time he turns it on? Like, you're not doing that, are you? I don't know about M80s, but I would gladly dismantle any neighbor's leafblower, frankly. I think leafblowers should be outlawed. Don't get

me started. They've been outlawed in Washington, D.C., and a bunch of counties in Maryland and things. The whole thing is this is your problem now. That's all it does. It blows all of the leaves off the lawn and into the road and then somebody else is cleaned it up. It blows all the leaves off the neighbor's lawn and then into my yard and like what I hire the same guy to blow the leaves off my yard and into the road where they just blow around the whole neighborhood.

If you want that gone so bad, rake it. Right? Don't just blast it to someone else. I think the leaf blower is the psychopath of the appliance world. It absolutely is. And there's an obvious solution to these things. And like I'm walking through the neighborhood and it's like, oh, I can't make this phone call because there's all this noise. Also, I can't breathe because all the

dirt from this person's driveway is now in the air. It was fine on the ground, but nope, it's got to be blasted into the air. This is a whole podcast nobody wants to hear on leaf blowers. Anyway, so you're kind of answered my next question, which, are there effective interventions or therapies for helping people with psychopathic traits develop empathy or pro-social behaviors? And it sounds like there is, but God, that's got to be really an uphill battle. Like, hey, I've never felt love, well, strap yourself in and sit on this couch because we're going to make you feel cared for and care for other people. That's a heavy lift, man. Yeah, yeah, yeah, it is a heavy lift. And I will say, you're never going to move somebody from one end of the personality

spectrum all the way to the other. Like, that's not going to happen. So, for example, I mean, Thomas will say that she still doesn't feel what we would call love, but she does feel something like loyalty now. Like, she feels like she owes it to people to treat them well, you know, people who have treated her well who were close to her. She feels an obligation to them, which is like huge progress. You can go a long way with that kind of emotion. So it's easiest to treat these problems when people are young, right? The brain is the most plastic. You don't have as many sort of habits and things in green. So the problem with kids who develop psychopathy is that you sort of get this upward or guess downward spiral, depending how you want to think about it,

where you have this really fearless temperament. You don't respond to punishment. And you also tend to be a little bit sort of insensitive to affection and not that interested in sort of warmth and loved from other people. You don't really respond to it. And that sets most parents up for failure, because most parents are just ordinary people trying to do their best, right? And so the regular little punishments like timeout don't seem to be working at all, right? You give the kid time out and they do exactly the same thing the next time, whereas most kids will respond pretty quickly to consistent punishments like timeout. And then in addition, they don't really seem to want hugs. They don't seem to want affection. And so you kind of back off of those things. You think you're

being respectful. Well, it turns out this is exactly the opposite of what you should do. And then also because the kid doesn't respond to timeouts, you start ramping up the punishment. You're like, well, the timeout didn't work. Let's get a little harsher the next time. And unfortunately, these kind of natural inclinations that a lot of parents have send the kid in exactly the wrong direction, right? So the punishments keep getting harsher and you back off in the love and affection. And p.S. because your kid is behaving badly because they don't respond to punishment, you actually are really grumpy with them a lot of the time. And so you have this really negative hostile cycle. It's called the coercive cycle that gets set up. causes the kid to believe that other people are just jerks, right? Why is everybody being so mean to me?

They're not getting much warmth. They're not getting that much affection. They are getting harsher punishments. And so they act out more and more, get even worse treatment from other people, and up you go until the kid starts developing really serious behavior problems and callous on emotional traits. And so what truly effective parent management training programs do is basically teaches parents to override your kind of automatic inclinations, which would probably be okay for most kids. But for the, this subset of kid just doesn't work with different behaviors. So you are basically instructed to overwhelm this kid to a sort of a ridiculous degree with love and affection. You have to show warmth and love and positive emotion to a way bigger degree than you think you need to because they don't

really respond to the low levels of it. So like it has to be kind of overkill, right? Their detector, it's not as sensitive, right? So you really have to make it obvious. This is, it's like dating, right? When women are like, I gave him a signal. I look generally over in his direction. and then looked away. And it's like, no, no, no. You have to walk over there and sit on that man's lap. That's what you need to do to get it. Turn it up.

Turn up the volume. To 11. That's it. And it feels like disrespectful to a lot of parents. Like, oh, but like, this isn't what my child seems to want. It's like, you know what? There's a reason you're the parent and they're the child. They don't always know what's good for them, right?

You don't let them dictate whether they wear a seatbelt or not. You know, you also need to like be the one who makes the decisions when it comes to this. In addition, you have to have a really strong, system in place to reward the child for doing the good things and not the bad things. That takes a lot of training because it is hard to learn how to do and really minimally rely on punishment. I mean, timeouts are very effective for all kids because in addition to being annoying, which is effective, it removes reinforcement. So if that kid is really getting enjoyment out of getting a rise out of other people from their bad behavior, by putting them in

time out, you're eliminating that source of reinforcement for the bad behavior. And so that's helpful. Anyway, so there's therapies called like parent-child interaction therapy or PCIT that are demonstrated to truly work, even with kids who are pretty tough nuts to crack when they're young. So, you know, three to six or seven or eight years old. With older kids, there are other forms of what are called parent management training therapy that also works. I will tell you that you have to search for the stuff that works because there are lots of therapists who will be like, oh, let's do horse therapy. Let's do art therapy. And like, people like that stuff, but it doesn't work. The most important thing is that like for kids, therapy for the kid is generally not that effective.

Because what is therapy? It's like teaching skills to then apply to daily life. And I'm sorry if you're five, you can't do that. Parents want to do it like dog training. Like I'm just going to send the kid to the trainer and they're going to come back trained. And I'm sorry it just doesn't work. You, the parent, need to be trained to deliver the therapy. And that, I mean, for anything, for anxiety, for autism, for ADHD, like, it's all the same.

I noticed there's this whole sort of, I'm probably overuse it. this word, but there's this whole sort of grift now where there's therapists that will tell parents what they already believe. So I saw this video. There was a kid and he was screaming and he's like, you took my video game. This kid's like four or five. And he had smashed their big screen TV and the mother was filming it or the father was filming it and the kid was having like this insane meltdown. And he was so angry. And this therapist is like, yeah, so what you have to do here is you can't be soft with somebody like this and blah, blah, blah. And the top comment was, hey, I'm a, therapist, this is like a neurodivergent autism meltdown. This is not normal behavior. You can't

just like be tough with this kid. That's not going to work. These parents are not behaving. This is not a kid being bad. He literally can't control himself right now. He's four or whatever years old. He smashed the TV. He doesn't understand the consequences of this. But all the other comments are like, yeah, back in my day, I would have gotten my ass beat for something like this. And it's like, yeah, that's why you turned out crappy Uncle Bob. Like this wasn't working for you. It wouldn't have worked. This is not just bad kid. If it was a 13-year-old doing that, okay, maybe you've got something. This is a kid that's so small, he doesn't understand that throwing the remote at the TV is going to break it and cost a lot of money. He just wants to play his video game and he like can't regulate the emotions. But there's this

whole tier of therapists that are just like, oh, do you have a bad kid? I will reinforce you're just not being a tough enough parent. You just had to pay me to do that. And then I'll tell you, like, there's a strict dad's movement where it's like, I'm a dad. I'm just not going to let my kids do anything, especially if they're a girl. There's a whole club for guys like this. And it's just like, for therapists, it's got to be the worst news ever, right? Because you're like, oh, a whole group of people that are just doing the opposite of what you do to get successful results when you're parenting. Cool.

I mean, TikTok and Instagram are the worst news ever for like all scientists because they're just drowning in misinformation. I hate that word, but they're bad information, especially about clinical psychology. And it's just so hard to like get heard about the chatter. But, I mean, one of the mistakes that people make is thinking that, somehow like being loving and having standards and expectations and reinforcing misbehavior with consequences are somehow like opposite ends of a spectrum. And so like either you're a super permissive parent and you're loving and warm and your kid can do anything they want and you're like, oh, just need to give them more love. That's no good, right? That's called permissive parenting.

We know 100% that that is not going to result in good consequences. Kids do end up with more behavior problems as well and more anxiety when they're raised that way. But then some parents go too far the opposite direction where they're like, I want to be super withholding and gruff and stern and really harsh punishment and my kid gets no autonomy. And that's called authoritarian parenting. And that's bad too, right? Kids do not turn out well when they're raised that way. There's just happy medium. We all met those kids in college. And it was like, hey, what's up with the kid who like does drugs all day? And it's like, oh, yeah, he grew up in this crazy strict family and you're like, Paul is out of control. Or like, I remember this is back in college. Remember, different Jordan.

I remember my friends being like, oh, you got to meet Judy and her friends. They all grew up in this weird church thing and it is wild and you're like yeah what are they doing tonight because you just know they are going to be unhinged and have no inhibitions whatsoever because they're just like pulling a george costanza i'm going to do the opposite of everything i did in my whole young life which was like come home before nightfall and like do whatever with my church group and now they're like crazy right just off the hook fun in a bad way yeah i mean the culture that we're in is a little bit weird right now where as a rule, parents are giving their kids less and less autonomy every generation. So it's pretty common now for the average kid going to college, which roughly

half of kids go to some sort of residential college when they turn 18. And they have very little experience being autonomous and making decisions for themselves. And that's like a recipe for disaster. Like you have to give kids the experience of making decisions independently and having autonomy me before you send them out in the world. But my own personal milieu is, I would say, full of parents who go too far the opposite direction of being much too permissive and not understanding that, you know, love and warmth and care are like a really important ingredient for being a good parent. Like your kid has to know you love them. Like, that's so important. And it's the essential foundation for good parenting, but it's not the only part of good parenting. That like if on top

of that you let your kid get away with anything they want to do, that tells them that they're the most important person in the world. Their needs matter and other people don't. And that is a recipe for narcissism, unfortunately. What we've seen in the really altruistic populations that I work with, which is also part of my research, is that the key to them, and that's quite the opposite of people with psychopathy, is they don't think they're the most important person in the world. They don't think they're more important than anybody else. They think everybody's sort of equally important, and like everybody's needs matter. And people who are psychopathic think the opposite. They think their needs matter and other people's don't.

So if the way you're parenting your child conveys the message that your child's needs are the only needs that matter and everybody else's needs are second. secondary to the child, I promise you, you're giving them the wrong message if you want your child to develop sort of a compassionate and caring core. In your view, are we all somewhere on the same spectrum between psychopathy and altruism or are they fundamentally different pathways? Oh, no. I mean, we're all on that spectrum somewhere. And you can move up and down the spectrum. You know, so I talked about ways that you can help kids improve their capacity to care about other people through these certain kinds of therapy, but adults can do it too. there isn't enough research being done on this, certainly not in the United States and, you know, less and less every year. But there's lots of research being done showing that certain kinds of cognitive and behavioral therapy, even in adults, can teach them new ways to think about their relationships with other people, how their own behaviors are eliciting negative behaviors from other people. And if they change their behavior and their expectations about other people, better things will result. And that can really have durable effects on people's certainly their behavior, but also, you know,

even their emotions and personality over time. It can work. We're more connected than ever and somehow more vulnerable than we've ever been. Cyber Crisis author Eric Cole explains how AI-driven attackers, corporate scale, scam operations, and aging systems have turned everyday tech into an open door. So you want to be 100% secure? You want your family to be 100% secure? It's easy. Pack up your bags, sell everything, move to Pennsylvania and become Amish. Because I'll tell you, I hacked a lot of things in my life. I have not. been able to hack a candle and a horse and buggy. If you have no functionality or no benefit,

you can be 100% secure. And to give you a more realistic example, my smartphone, as soon as you'd add any functionality, you're decreasing security. Security and functionality are inverse. 100% security is zero functionality. What is the value and benefit? What is the risk and exposure? Is the value worth the risk? If the value of benefit is worth the risk, do it. If the value and benefit is not worth, the risks don't do it. And the reality is, and I always tell people, the most dangerous word on the internet is the F word. And it's not what you're thinking. The F word is free. Free is not free because all the times when you have a free app, you're basically allowing them to access your microphone or your camera or your pictures. If they ask you and you say yes and you give them permission,

that's actually an authorized app and it's allowed. And the reality is most people don't even realize when they install these apps, they're hitting yes, yes. yes, yes, yes, and allowing access, if I want to make my smartphone 100% secure, smash it, burn it, throw it in a ditch, turn it off, and it'll be 100% secure. It's actually freaking scary of how much you're being monitored and tracked with your phones that you don't even realize it. Check out episode 1247 of the Jordan Harbinger Show with Eric Cole, and you'll start looking at your phone, your home, and even the power grid very differently.

That's it for part one, part two out in just a few days, if it's not already. All things Abigail Marsh will be in the show notes on the website. website, advertisers, deals, discount codes, ways to support the show, all at Jordan Harbinger.com slash deals. Please consider supporting those who support the show. Don't forget about six-minute networking as well. It's over at six-minute networking.com. I'm at Jordan Harbinger on Twitter and Instagram. You can also connect with me on LinkedIn. This show is created in association with Podcast 1. My team is Jen Harbinger, Jace Sanderson, Robert Fogarty, Tadasidlowskis, Ian Baird, and Gabriel Mizrahi. Remember, we rise by lifting others. The fee for the show is you share it with

friends when you find something useful or interesting. In fact, the greatest compliment you can give us is to share the show with those you care about. If you know somebody who's interested in psychopathy, altruism, psychology in general, definitely share this episode with him. In the meantime, I hope you apply what you hear on the show so you can live what you learn. And we'll see you next time. Quick break. And if you like this show, there's another podcast you should check out. If you want to stay informed about what's happening around the world without drowning in noise, check out the president's daily brief. It's built for people who want the big stories fast and clear. Think 20 minutes in the morning, then a quick 10-minute update in the afternoon, just focused coverage of the developments

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