The Landlord Lens - Accessory Dwelling Units (ADUs)

Episode Date: January 14, 2024

ADUs - also known as accessory dwelling units, granny flats, or in-law units - are smaller, independent residential units located on the same property as a single-family home. They can take various forms, from converted garages to standalone structures, offering a versatile solution for both homeowners and tenants.In this episode of Be A Better Landlord, Krista and Jonathan delve into the world of accessory dwelling units, exploring the benefits and challenges, and providing property managers with a comprehensive understanding of this growing trend in the real estate market.

I'm Jonathan, this is Krista, and we're here to help you be a better landlord. Okay, Krista, we're here to talk about ADUs. Yes. First of all, what is an ADU? Besides being a fun acronym, it actually does stand for something. So it's an accessory dwelling unit, but people might know it better as a granny flat or an in-law suite or just a secondary property. Got a lot of names. It has a lot of names.

It's been in the news a lot lately. Why? Well, so really a myriad of... reasons. The Biden administration recently mentioned it in October 2023, citing ADUs as a potential way to help the affordable housing crisis. That is why a lot of politicians are bringing it up. They see it as a vehicle to mitigate that issue. We'll talk more about why that might not really solve the problem, but that's one reason. Equally different states are challenging and creating laws saying that you can or cannot make ADUs. So California was the first state to actually

allow anyone to make an ADU, and now there are a handful of others that are doing the same. But there's pushback on both sides. So it's a very hot topic of conversation. Okay, so let's start with what does an ADU consist of? Is this just a shed? Do I take my lawnmower out of there and now people can move in? What does this look like? You know, it's really a build your own adventure kind of situation. Okay. So to be an ADU, it has to be a self-contained unit. Usually that's away from the property, but it could be attached to the property. Either way is fine. So yes, if you have a cottage on your property or a shed that's properly outfitted for someone to live there,

meaning there's heat, there's water, there's electric, then, yes, go forth and prosper. But you want to make sure that someone can actually live there, whether you're looking to do a short-term lease or a long-term lease or something in between. Okay, but your point there that somebody actually has to live there? Yes. So it's not just the shed. It is not just a shed. We need some insulation.

We need plumbing. We need electrical, all those things that are nice to have in your living space. Nice to have and must-haves, yes. Oh, okay. Sure. Little column A little common B. Yeah. But absolutely.

So you want someone to ideally just be able to go in and live independently there. When we are looking at ADUs outside of the rental space specifically, you see a lot of folks moving their elderly family members into an ADU. That way they still maintain independence, but they have, you know, family really close by just in case something happens. of course, there are plenty of renters who are looking for that kind of arrangement as well, whether they are short-term, just coming in for vacation, midterm, maybe they're a traveling nurse, long-term even, that is a complete possibility. It's a lot like a regular rental, just smaller in scale and on the property itself, right?

So there's an established bigger unit, and then there is the ADU. Yeah. Okay, so ADUs versus Tiny Homes, what are the differences there? As I mentioned, an ADU is going to be physically on the property with a larger unit, whatever that might be, right? It could be that you have a multifamily property and then just a cute little ADU sharing the same lot. But that's the main key. They are sharing the same lot. They're not movable.

Tiny homes can be on a trailer. So they are more mobile. You can take them somewhere. You know, it's always possible that you plant your tiny home. But that's not going to be the same thing as an ADU since the ADU is on the same lot as another property. Yeah. That makes sense. I know zoning is really hot for both ADUs and tiny homes. For tiny homes, it's exactly the reason you just said that the trailers, where you can park the trailer,

that gets a little fuzzy. But what about ADUs? How does the zoning work with those? That's one of the biggest pieces of controversy when we talk about ADUs. Because oftentimes, neighborhoods are not zoned where you can have a secondary property, especially one that's detached from the main property sitting on the same lot. So California, has laws now where that is a possibility, but you see states fighting back and saying, no, we're not going to zone for this because there's a fear that there would be an increase in traffic, more congestion. People often cite the character of the neighborhood changing. Usually that's racism. Yeah. So there are a lot of valid and more nebulous reasons why people

are pushing back against zoning for ADUs really pays to pay attention and know what's allowed in your area before you go out and buy a whole ADU. Yeah. That makes sense. And so those are some of the cons of ADUs. Let's talk about the pros of ADUs. Why would somebody consider putting one on their property? Sure. Well, first of all, they wouldn't be alone.

So in 2020, Freddie Mac estimated that there are 1.4 million ADUs. Oh, wow. We can expect that that number has grown since then. And the reason why they're popular with folks depends on what they're trying to accomplish. So if they are a homeowner trying to bring in their elderly parent, for example, that's a really popular way to do it. But let's talk more about the renter side of things. I'm a landlord. I have a property. If I build a secondary property on the same lot as my main property, I can now increase my monthly cash flow with the rental income coming from the ADU. So with that in mind, people are really jazzed about it. Landlords are really excited to maximize their lot space and earn more monthly income. And of course, there is a thought that this could help solve the housing crisis.

How large is the typical ADU? Sure. So obviously they can range. But these are. They're not intended to be strong estates. In fact, I would imagine they tend to be between a studio and two-bedroom apartment size. And the two-bedroom size is really on the high end, right? You don't see a lot of that. Typically, it's more like a one-bedroom. You have a bathroom and a living space. But they're not big, and that's on purpose.

Yeah, that makes sense. Less upkeep. And when you are pricing out what the rental should be for an ADU, can you price it just like you could any other rental? Yeah. So, of course, you want to keep in mind the lease term that you're looking. looking at, the amenities that you're offering, and then of course the actual size and the relative cost of units that size in your area. So you could use something like TurboTenance Rental Property

Calculator. That lets you plug in all of the information like the square footage and what you expect to be making in monthly rent so that you totally understand the deal you would be making before you put any cash down or make any moves. Yeah. Okay, let's talk about building an ADU. Yeah. It sounds like the, you know, the backyard is your can. canvas. So are we talking doing something like a tough shed where you build out your custom shed and then from there make it livable? Or are we talking a fully custom $200,000 thing? You know, it could really go either way. Depends on what you're looking to spend and what makes the most sense in your area. So what you're talking about with the tough shed, that would be considered a prefab,

prefabricated unit. That is definitely more cost effective. So that tends to start at around 10,000, for the actual unit and then of course you have to figure if you need electric lines run water lines etc add that in but definitely more accessible than making one yourself so a custom ad you is just as you would like think with the name it means that you are getting that built up and it is going to be customized which means it is going to be an expense so those tend to start at two hundred thousand dollars and go up from there reason is it's basically like you're building a house you're building a second dairy house. So it needs to have, as I mentioned, HVAC systems, electrical systems, water systems. Really the goal is for someone to be able to live independently there and not have to go into the main house. That's their space. So with that, it does add to the property value, but you want to

make sure that you have the budget and any kind of loans needed in order to make that happen. The Biden administration recently released a statement saying that they would allow people to use prospective rental income from an ADU to help qualify for an FHA loan as part of this effort to combat the housing crisis. So there are options out there for financing. Make sure you know what you're going to do before you pick up a hammer and start hammering away at something. And before you hammer anything, I feel like you need to know for sure what the laws are in your area. So how do we figure that out? Yes, absolutely. As we've mentioned, zoning laws for ADUs are very contentious right now. So what I would do is I would go to Google. I would Google the name of my city,

so Denver, for example. I would say Denver, ADU zoning laws and I would make sure to include dot go gov in my search term and that should pull up a government page where I can then go and look and read for myself see if it's allowed and if I have questions typically there's contact information for someone in the government I can reach out to and make sure things are all squared away before I get started because some people in some states are going to need specific licenses or specific contractors to do this kind of work so know about all of this beforehand so you don't start spending money and realize you've really just wasted it. Yeah, that wouldn't be great. No, bad investment. All right, well, we've kind of

talked around it. Now let's talk about are ADUs the solution to the housing crisis? Unfortunately not. And I say this for a variety of reasons, first of which being that we typically see ADUs popping up in neighborhoods that are already pretty affluent. Those are the people who can afford to shell out $200,000 to build another unit on their lot. And really where we need the most help, is in less affluent neighborhoods. We need more affordable housing. And building up ADUs is not going to necessarily solve that. It also moves the onus onto the property owner to solve this crisis versus the government,

which doesn't feel correct to me. And of course, people are still going to be able to charge pretty much whatever they want, whatever is reasonable in their market for their ADU. So it's not an instant hack into affordable housing. For example, in Los Angeles, I believe the average ADU rents for $2,500. That's not any more accessible to someone than a studio apartment. No, it's not exactly cheap. No, it isn't.

So it will add housing stock, and there are situations where I think it's really useful, you know, especially from a landlord point of view to increase your rental revenue. But in terms of solving this crisis, I think that a lot of politicians are hyping up the idea without really thinking of the long-term implications. Again, ADUs could be a great tool. If you want to make the most of your property and it's allowed in your state and locality, put an ADU up. You know, you can have somebody else in there.

You can even mix and match your lease terms. If you want long-term renters in your main property and a short-term or a mid-term in your ADU, do it. You'll have different revenue streams coming in. You can really make the most of your space. But I would not recommend that path if you are at all concerned about there not being enough space. because you don't want to take away from the renters who already live there to set up this kind of system,

have a whole new property built. That's a lot of work and effort. So just keep that in mind. If you do decide to move forward with it, do your research. Make sure you're communicating with your current tenants so that they know what to expect. They might even know someone who could rent the unit from you if you have a good relationship. And then move forward with caution. Decide if you want to do a prefab situation, get that completely priced out before you commit,

or think about a custom solution. Get that completely priced out before you commit and see what will work best for you, how long it takes to pay it off, and then what you can expect to bring in for rental revenue. Yeah. And you can still screen your tenants, whether they're midterm, long term,

you can still screen them exactly the same way, and you should. You should. And also to put in a lease agreement, how parking will work. As you mentioned, parking is a huge issue, potentially with ADUs. Yes, that and shared utilities, if that's applicable.

Well, with everything we've talked about, would you build an ADU? You know, maybe for the right situation. I think that it could be really helpful, especially with family matters or friends. But I don't think it's going to solve the affordable housing crisis. Okay, well, thanks for talking ADUs with us. If you out there have any experiences with ADUs, let us know in the comments. Don't forget to subscribe. TurboTenant is the all-in-one platform for landlords to manage their rental properties.

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