The Pete Quiñones Show - Episode 1123: The History of Khmelnytsky and his Cossacks w/ Dr. Matthew Raphael Johnson

Episode Date: October 22, 2024

72 MinutesPG-13Dr. Matthew Raphael Johnson is a researcher, writer, and former professor of history and political science, specializing in Russian history and political ideology.Dr. Johnson joins Pete to talk about the history of the cossacks starting with Khmelnytsky and his  Zaporozhian Cossacks.Dr Johnson's PatreonRusJournal.orgTHE ORTHODOX NATIONALISTDr. Johnson's Radio Albion PageDr. Johnson's Books on AmazonPete and Thomas777 'At the Movies'Support Pete on His WebsitePete's PatreonPete's SubstackPete's SubscribestarPete's GUMROADPete's VenmoPete's Buy Me a CoffeePete on FacebookPete on TwitterBecome a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/the-pete-quinones-show--6071361/support.

You catch them in the corner of your eye. Distinctive, by design. They move you, even before you drive. The new Cooper plugin hybrid range. For Mentor, Leon, and Terramar. Now with flexible PCP finance and trade-in boosters of up to 2,000 euro. Search Coopera and discover our latest offers. Coopera.

Design that moves. Finance provided by way of higher purchase agreement from Volkswagen Thuron Financial Services, Ireland Limited. Subject to lending criteria. Terms and conditions apply. Volkswagen Financial Services Ireland Limited. Trading as Cooper Financial Services is regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland. Ready for huge savings?

We'll mark your calendars from November 28 to 30th because the Liddle Newbridge Warehouse sale is back. We're talking thousands of your favourite Liddle items, all reduced to clear. From home essentials to seasonal must-habs. When the doors open, the deals go fast. Come see for yourself. The Lidl Newbridge Warehouse Sale, 28th to 30th of November.

Lidl, more to value. Discover five-star luxury at Trump Dunebeg. Unwind in our luxurious spa. Savour sumptuous farm-fresh dining. Relax in our exquisite accommodations. Step outside and be captivated by the wild Atlantic surrounds. Your five-star getaway, where every detail is designed with you in mind. Give the gift of a unique experience this Christmas,

with vouchers from Trump-Dunbeg. Search Trump-Ireland gift vouchers. Trump on Doonbiog, Kush Faragea. If you want to support the show and get the episodes early and ad-free, head on over to freemam Beyondthe-wall.com forward-slash support. There's a few ways you can support me there.

One, there's a direct link to my website. Two, there's subscribe star. Three, there's Patreon. Four, there's substack. And now I've introduced Gumroad. because I know that a lot of our guys are on Gumroad, and they are against censorship. So if you head over to Gumroad and you subscribe through there, you'll get the episodes early and ad-free, and you'll get an invite into the Telegram group.

So I really appreciate all the support everyone's giving me, and I hope to expand the show even more than it already has. Thank you so much. I want to welcome everyone back to the Pete Cignonas show. So it's been a while. I've been looking forward to this. Dr. Matthew Raphael Johnson. How are you doing, my friend? Hey, Peter.

It's a pleasure to be on. It always is. You have a great audience. I hear from them once in a while. And our topic today is definitely going to interest them. All right. Let's get into it. Yeah, this is, it's not rare that a somebody in the audience asks for a subject and I do it,

but it's not every day that I do it. do it. But this was definitely the topic of the Cossacks and the Jewish question and Poland was brought up and your name was mentioned as the only person they wanted to hear from. So I will follow you along with this and you can start wherever you want and I'll interrupt whenever I, you know, whenever I have a question or need clarification on something. Does that sound good? No problem. Let me get started here. the first thing we ought to do is to find what the kos-what-a-kosak is. It comes from the Turkic word Kazakh, which means freebooter, something like the bikers of the era, although very religious.

They were a free communal body of full-time warriors. They were semi-nomadic, who they had their own camp. You had to be Orthodox to be a member. Generally speaking, it was Slavs from Russia, Ukraine, Belarus. Its formation had a lot of sources, people running from serfdom, people who didn't have families, people who were in trouble somewhere. And so long as yet they could maintain the rigors of the Cossack life, they were considered a member. southern Russia has this very long step, this prairie, very difficult to control, especially without air power. And this is where the Cossacks came into their own.

They essentially were an Orthodox force against Poland or Turkey. They eventually come under the Polish Empire. And generally speaking, worked for the Russians, although certainly not all of them, after a certain time. They were the biggest headache that the Polish Empire ever had to deal with. The Polish Empire is interesting because it was an oligarchy. It was an oligarchy in the true sense. The emperor, the king, had very little power, although there were some very rare exception. The only thing that these nobles cared about was the maintenance of their lands and the maintenance of their power.

and they'll throw a war if they had to to keep the crown from getting any credit for them and they didn't have a standing army but they had something called confederations where groups of landowners would get together for a common purpose

and bring together a regular force and they would do this on a regular basis whether it be, well especially against the the cost of it. The other thing that makes Poland interesting is the Jewish issue. It used to be that Poland, the Polish Empire was called the paradise of the Jews. In fact, you had some extreme, quite a number of Orthodox rabbis claiming that the Messiah is going to come because of the privileges that the Polish elite gave them.

The Polish elite were landed. They were often illiterate. They didn't have, again, they didn't want a strong monarch. So rather than allow any centralization of finance, they imported 13th, 14th century Jews to handle the commerce of the cities. The situation was always tense because of them. You had a whole army of intermediaries between the landowners on one hand and their subjects on the other. The Jews were granted rights over taverns, trade duties, mills, fishing rights, bridge tolls, dams, and unfortunately even Orthodox churches. And because the Polish forces would protect them, they had no obligation, no desire.

to even understand the language of their of their servants and they behaved as you might expect. And this, by the way, even the mainstream academic literature is forced to concede this, but their arrogance was so intense that it's a miracle that the rebellions, which did explode several times, most famous of which is Kimmnyetsky in 1648, didn't happen sooner. They were very inventive in their exploitation. one of the big areas, I said taverns, meaning the distilling of alcohol, which they had a monopoly. And they could call upon Polish local landlords militia to protect them if necessary because these people were to, for lack of the veteran laundering the cash of the money of the Polish nobility.

the only reason they were able to function there is because of this very same nobility. So the anti-colonialist fight of the Cossacks who of course were Orthodox, very free anti-servedom, and Poland, who was Roman Catholic, and had the harshest kind of serfdom at the time. So the anti-clonial movement took aim at the Jews as well. and the popular for lack of a better term again the popular press the doom me or the series of poetic cycles about Jewish oppression was popular this was the voice of the of the common person and the great Ukrainian historian Gutyshevsky went through them in some detail which I've which I've read there was nothing that any peasant or you know

I mean, they were the townsmen, but that any peasant could have that wasn't subject to confiscation. Even travelers were sometimes stripped of their goods. Anything that, you know, that they would use alcohol to trick people into doing things. And this continued, even after Poland seeks to exist, even at the expense of, you know, the average man or the Cossacks' wife and children. and I think the Jews very much feared them. Don't forget, one of the original purposes of the Cossack host was to free Christian slaves from the island of Kaffa in Black Sea, which is a Jewish island and is where the main slave mart was. So their contempt for the Jews at the time knew no bounds. And that goes back to their very, they're very founded.

And often, you know, there were a lot of Jews there. I think at one point, 80% of the world's Jewish population was living in the Polish Empire straight up until the early 20th century. So who could be talking about Zionism in a place like this? But probably the most obnoxious thing, I mean, they were the agents of monetization. And as the explosion in Western demand for grain grew, 16th, 17th century, Polish landlords needed to intensify serfdom.

And the only hope they had were the cost of coasts. But probably the most obnoxious thing is there control over physical churches. We have plenty of firsthand accounts of this. Their entire villages were seen as assets that the Jews can use, including the local church. the great Ukrainian historian custom art of talks about this also at some at some length now I have a book out called Ukrainian nationalism my editor had that was Russia insider helped me put that together and I go into this in some detail but it's it's even mainstream writers have to admit that the rebellions

against these Jews were earned. But the rebellions that continue to occur from the 16th century right up until the 18th, you have letters being written all over the place talking about how important it is to realize that the Jews run things, financially speaking. There's a merchant from Moscow in 1648 who was there at the time of the rebellions, says the Jews robbed and abused the Ukrainians. As soon as they distilled vodka, brew beer

without telling a Jew, he did not take off his hat in front of one. The Jews assaulted him, robbed, and ruined him, taking his property forcibly and his wives and children to work for him. Many Poles, especially in the church,

were well aware of this, this unbearable oppression, as they would say. And there was a Catholic canon, Yusufovic, in Laval, in Western Ukraine, at the time, part of the Polish Empire, who says that there was no sacraments available to these very Orthodox people unless they paid a toll to the Jews. And in his writings, Yusufovic said, you have suffered your troubles as you deserve, talking both about the Poles and the Jews. So we talked about not just a financial and political degradation,

but a moral one too, constantly having to endure injustice, 24 hours a day. And what did they expect to happen? Did they overestimate? Because you know, ultimately, by 1648, by the time the Kimo-Nizki-Kosak rebellion exploded, it was mainstream opinion that we don't have to reign,

or the Jews are saying this, we don't have to rein in our arrogance because the Messiah is on its way and he's coming to Poland. because in no other way could we be permitted this level of aristocracy. Jews even had surfs in the name of the Polish landowner. So not only was they paying a vig every week, but they had to work in the Jews' house and his field,

which he owned the name of Poland, and there were taxes on whatever it was that he was being paid. So it's clear that this was absolutely. unbearable, an unbearable situation that the Orthodox people and the only force they had against them was the cost. Ready for huge savings? We'll mark your calendars from November 28 to 30th because the Liddle Newbridge Warehouse sale is back. We're talking thousands of your favorite Liddle items all reduced to clear. From home essentials to seasonal must-habs.

When the doors open, the deals go fast. Come see for yourself. The Lidl Newbridge Warehouse Sale, 28th to 30th of November. Lidl, more to value. You catch them in the corner of your eye. Distinctive, by design. They move you, even before you drive. The new Coupra plug-in hybrid range.

For Mentor, Leon and Teramar. Now with flexible PCP finance and trade-in boosters of up to 2,000 euro. Search Coupra and discover our latest offers. Coopera, design that moves Finance provided by way of higher purchase agreement from Volkswagen Financial Services Ireland Limited Subject to lending criteria, terms and conditions apply Volkswagen Financial Services Ireland Limited

Trading as Cooper Financial Services is regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland. Discover five-star luxury at Trump Dunbeg. Unwind in our luxurious spa, savor sumptuous farm-fresh dining, relax in our exquisite accommodations, step outside and be captivated by the wild Atlantic surrounds. Your five-star getaway, where every detail is designed with you in mind. Give the gift of a unique experience this Christmas with vouchers from Trump-Dunbeg.

Search Trump-Ireland gift vouchers. Trump on Dunbiog, Kush Farage. They were invited in, and that is the common refrain that you get when you're talking about Jewish history, is, well, because Christians were against Eusoryan Christians saw, looked down upon money-changing things like that, they invited the Jews in. So they basically invited this upon themselves, and they had no right to fight back.

Precisely right. And it freed up the landlord to do whatever he wanted. That's why they were always in debt. But the Jews always had access to credit any given. moment. They could undersell anybody. So they monopolized all of these fields. The collective term for the Polish nobility, the Slatja. And they didn't like the idea that a Catholic merchant class would develop in their cities and give its loyalty to the crown as what happened in Britain and England. The Jews were organized into autonomous cahals, you know, fairly large,

legally defined institutions and were given a totally free hand. So it was diabolical. It was brilliant because it kept the elites and noble power centers

from ever being co-opted. So the anger of the peasantry, not to mention the Cossacks, who the Polish government was always trying to make serfs out of them, which is always so stupid, Cossack Rebellions is one of the reasons that Poland fell apart in the late 18th century.

But any indebted land, any indebted merchant group, and once they monopolized money, you know, usury, they jacked up interest rate. They clearly didn't have the same. This is where the Talmud became so essential to all of this. They made sure that everyone hated them. they had no incentive to do anything else. And I know Heinrich Grates, who was a German Jew who rejected the Zohar in the Talmud, talks about not just the domination of Jews, but how dependent the Polish elites were on them.

And whatever defects they had, the Jews were able to counterbalance it. So the aristocracy was seen as ditsy, unsexuals. serious, extravagant, reckless, and so the Jews were the perfect group of people to profit and keep them in power. But he was more than a financier. He was his help, whatever he got into trouble, a prudent advisor, they were the dominant caste. And revolts were pretty continuous, and they never learned their lesson. By 1648, the illegitimacy of this Polish elite became so vile that there is no defending it.

And as Michael Jones said, one of my favorite lines of his, rather than the accession of the Messiah in Poland, given the privileged position of Jews in the Polish Empire, the Jews got Kimunitsky instead. And the importation of the Jews was made possible by the Statute of Calis. And that's from there, it became the paradisus, the paradise of the Jews. And they never even learned the language of their people. And they also were involved in prostitution, women who were impoverished. They had their own state within a state.

And even the uprising, the Kossacks, under Kim Milynicki, which removed the Jews from public life, however, temporarily, they were, and he's a key figure. It was temporarily, in fact, they even signed treaties saying the Jews won't be taking your debt anymore. because for the most part, what the Cossacks wanted, among many other things, was to be treated as the equal to any Polish noble. So,

and if you would like, I could get into the rebellion of Kimmonejikki that year. Yeah, let's do that. We've talked about it before, but definitely we needed it in context for this episode.

Well, Bogdan Kimmanyitsky was a Cossack, who, had so many people appeal to him saying that, you know, he was high ranking and we need to do something about this. And this is where the idea of a Ukrainian or South Russian nation came into existence. Now, depending on who you read, what he wanted either was an independent state or to create an autonomous unit within Poland. Or possibly the creation of an autonomous unit as part of the Moscow state. and Kimo-Nitsky really leaned towards the Russian side, but as I wrote it my book, the Russian side became just as bad as the Poles, just minus the Jews.

I mean, anything was better than what the Poles offered. And they kept, you know, demanding concessions, and rather than give it to them, they had to have huge casualties for them to do anything. So most people think, especially in Russia, that this uprising was a way to extend Russia's border. And it seems to be almost in inevitability. The Cossack hosts, you know, having maybe 10,000 of the most. And there were several centers of it. The most famous is the Perosian, which is Russian for beyond the rapids, the rapids of the emperor, a series of islands. in some of the most inhospitable parts of that river,

which is where they had their sick or fortress. They tended to be a fairly radical, egalitarian nationalist movement. But within the Polish Empire itself, or at least on its frontiers, the Hetman was the chief executive, usually an older warrior. Everyone was a warrior, every man. but they tended to not be able to defend themselves yes of course they were ferocious fighters

but against a regular force and this often didn't happen but they needed allies I mean Turkey at this point was one of the greatest most powerful states in Europe and Ukraine Kimmelitsky realized he had to go somewhere

and the only place that made any sense was to go to Moshe This is a time of great ferment in Western Europe. The glorious revolution in Britain, the front in France, the end of the 30 years war. So Kimminski started this war because people were absolutely exhausted. And we hear talk about the Russian or Rus' nation within the Polish Empire. But besides going to Russia later, he also went to the Crimean Khan because the Crimeans were dissatisfied with the Poles, because the Poles used to pay them off to keep them from raiding Poles territory, and they stopped doing that. And so the Khan sent 4,000 men.

He needed their assistance, but because there were Muslims and other Hetmans like that. Doroshenko later we're going to have this bite them because the Tartars end up just plundering thing. And in fact, Kim Minnicki sent his son, Timofi, to the Connese, a hostage. And vice versa, so that they could be assured of good behavior. And that wasn't uncommon at the time. And it was also the possibility of the Poles bribing them, which is, I am, Kim Minniewski by 16, 48 had 10,000 men that includes the Tartars. And the Poles were trying to placate him, but he said, no, this time has come.

and he succeeded for a time of expelling, all the three forces are the Polish landlord class, as I mentioned, the Jews, and then the unions, the so-called Greek Catholics that the Polish government, along with the Vatican, imposed in the Orthodox, the attempt to Catholicize it. Air Grid, operator of Ireland's electricity grid, is powering up the Northwest. We're planning to upgrade the electricity grid in your, area and your input and local knowledge are vital in shaping these plans.

Our consultation closes on the 25th of November. Have your say online or in person. So together we can create a more reliable, sustainable electricity supply for your community. Find out more at airgrid.i.4 slash northwest. Employers, did you know, you can now reward you and your staff with up to 1500 euro and gift cards annually completely tax-free. And even better. You can spread it over five different occasions. Now's the perfect time to try Options Card.

Options Card is Ireland's brand new multi-choice employee gift card packed with unique features that your staff will love. It's simple to buy, easy to manage, and best of all, there are no extra fees or hidden catches. Visit OptionsCard.I.E. today. On the many nights of Christmas, the Guinness Storehouse brings to thee Christmas nights at gravity. This Christmas, enjoy a truly unique night out at the Gravity Bar.

Savour festive bites from Big Fan Bell, expertly crafted seasonal cocktails and dance the night away with DJs from Love Tempo. Brett take infuse, amazing atmosphere, incredible food and drink. My goodness, it's Christmas at the Guinness Storehouse. Book now at giddestorehouse.com. Get the facts be drinkaware, visit drinkaware.com. Now what Kim Onensky said is once he began his uprising, or right at the moment it started,

the Poles had promised him all kinds of payments. But as they were promising, the negotiations took place, the Poles were gathering their army. And he pretty much figured this out pretty soon. Count Pataki was one of the leaders of the Polish forces who had an advanced guard of 4,000 men, usually mercenaries. and they they lost bad

but the Poles did and did you have pro-Polish cross-action you had pro-Moscow cross-ex you even had a handful who supported Crimea which was a subsidiary of Turkey with the Ottomans

and but one of the things that happened in their defeat of these three forces was that many Jews were killed, at least the worst of them. So, of course, Jews today, with a few exceptions, act like there was no reason to hate them.

This was just jealousy or something stupid like that. The polls eventually, I think of Ukraine at the time, Ukraine meaning borderland rather than an actual country. The left bank of the Neupper River, the eastern part of the country in the right bank or the Polish part of the country well the left bank was completely evacuated

and so the coalition that the polls were using is this you know the elites Jewish tenants Catholics and unions and it was very hard for them if they were ever captured and you have like Rabbi Henover who is alive at the time who talked

about all these atrocities that the Cossacks allegedly did but you know is forced to to recognize why

and why this happened there were what we might call pogromes but that was against that wasn't merely against the Jews

that was in the left bank in fact and they simply disappeared polls Jews, Catholics, whatever

and and And many of them had to take refuge in because that's where, at least in one place, where the Polish state was able to maintain itself. And, you know, we have so many firsthand accounts because this was, I mean, Kimonitsky is one of the most significant figures in Eastern European history ever. So what it comes down to is the struggle for independent South Ross, Ukraine, a Ukrainian an Ukrainian Orthodox shirt with the Cossack host as their protectors. I mean, this is one of the defining issues of Ukrainian history. But, of course, it can't be separated from basic politics of the headpinet, but the Cossack

saw themselves as having several functions to protect the Orthodox faith, to raise, to rescue Orthodox slaves, especially from the Jews, and then later on to fight for some autonomous entity where they can be treated as Poles, their own elite. So from the 16th to the 18th century, this was a nonstop thing. Infamously, Hetman Mazepa, during the reign of Peter VIII, Peter I, went to the Swedes. And the Hetman state, as an actual government, was founded after the rebellion of Kimoninski, but the sick was always independent. And sometimes the Poles or the Russians would try to buy off your better off cost

medical officers with grants of land and guarantees of political power. But, you know, sometimes that worked and sometimes it didn't. As I say, Poland was a federation of small, noble states, each with its own law, courts, and financial policy. Yeah, it was ethnically Polish, but there was no political. center that could unify people. The elite, the Slotja, viewed the nation as them.

And certainly, the peasants, the Jews, your throngs were never a part of this nation, but they could help it or hinder it. So I guess starting in the 1620s and 30s, the constant uprisings against Polish and Jewish rule began. And what made matters worse were

the nature of the reprisals. It wasn't like they were going to think about why these rebellions occurred and keep them from happening again. No, they would attempt to go in and slaughter anyone who may be sympathetic to the revolt. And, of course, they had to raise mercenaries because they would never trust an army under royal control. You know, in 1652, there was an invasion of Polish nobility's hired army that would have destroyed the host, had not the Russians stepped in. So I will continue

In my book on Ukrainian nationalism, I say Kibnizki is quite possibly the most important single person in Ukrainian history after St. Vladimir himself. Early on, he defeated the Poles en masse. He destroyed their parasitism and their usury. And the independent Korsak state was able to stand at least for a while.

and, you know, we can go a little way back to the Kuznicki Revolt of 1591, 1592, all, you know, based on complex concern. But, you know, the point of bringing the Jews in was to keep the crown or to have any countervailing power in the cities that could be a mighty class. And the fact that they were successful there, I don't know how many other people. the places tried that. And essentially was allowing the elite to have a passive income generated and maintained by these Jews who became some of those privileged people on the planet of the world. Yeah, it's a common story. Sombard's book on the Jews in modern capitalism, he goes through a lot of it where he talks

about how, you know, in places like in Austria, they would, you know, a leader of a city would bring, would invite a couple of Jews in to help him with his finances to help him make money. Also, because of the underground network being able to talk to other leaders around, you know, around Europe. And inevitably, other Jews would follow in. And they would start doing business with the common folk. and they would immediately put them into debt. And, you know, after a decade or two, the common folk are like, we don't care about the, you know, the leader of this city, the mayor of this city, whatever they would be called at that time, making all this money.

Now we're enslaved to these people and we want them gone or we're going to kill them. And then obviously that is what would lead to one of the famous expulsions that we read about over the last. last, you know, 1,000 or 1,500 years. Oh, yeah, that's certainly an expulsion. But you had a number of power centers. I'm the Roman Catholic Church in Poland, the unions, even the Vatican to some extent, the Cossacks, at least while they were unified, and this Orthodox Church of Ukraine, which did exist, which came from the Patriarchate of Jerusalem,

And maybe the patriarch of Constance and Opel, maybe another one by Constantine Opel at the time was under the Turks and couldn't be of much assistance. There were a handful of loyal bishops at the time. But as far as the Cossacks were concerned by, say, 1650, the confederations of these elite Catholics were the military problem, not Poland and certainly not the Polish monarchy. who tended to be very sympathetic to the Cossacks without supporting them directly. And what eventually came out of his uprising was the Treaty of Pereslaw. And it was a treaty binding, the Cossacks binding themselves to Moscow, but in exchange for a tremendous amount of autonomy. and that state, that signed this treaty, didn't have Catholics or Jews within it.

Today in Ukraine, the unions are at the forefront of the national movement, despite it being a foreign creation, a Polish creation, and a creation of, to some extent, of the Vatican. But the only thing that could make a Cossack and what do you, what are you? is and Ukraine or his state independent is to be orthodox. So by the second half of the 17th century, very few people, unless they had an agenda, believe that the CM could be trusted with anything. Again, remember what Poland actually was. Now, the Kuminicki uprising in 1648, there's been thousands of books and articles in Russian, Ukrainian, and Polish written about him. And the only thing the Cossacks didn't have prior to him was a talented leader.

And the kind of the ideology of that uprising, which I wrote of in my book, it's an ethno-national ideal informed by the Orthodox faith, their own. Don't think that the Cossacks were not religious, they very much were. And in fact, once the old believers had to escape Moscow two decades later, they became Cossacks. So they even became, even today, or an old believer movement, but not solely. Cossacks were never unified under one person, Cimonytki being an exception. So what that had been created was a centralized, a centralized, and authoritarian and system, because everyone knew that the Poles

or someone else, like the Turks, was going to try to take a piece of them. And the same thing goes for the church. The church had to have the resources to fight the Roman Catholics in the one hand and the Jews on the other. But the alliance between the Polish elite and Jewish merchants were so close

that it's tough to separate them. But the Polish elite needed Jewish networks. They needed their capital. and they needed to develop urban trade. They didn't have to do anything, but they still got a cut. I guess the only thing they had to do was keep anyone from hurting the Jews. But as far as Jews are concerned, the Polish nobility was just convenient. But their insolence, their general parasitism made them what I called in my book, an unstable golem for the network's profits.

The last thing in the world that any Cossack could do is engage in any kind of service. them. And, but they still needed alliance. And that, that caused them a lot of trouble. Initially, the, you know, the early rebellions had maybe 1,000 or 3,000. But as the 17th century began, that number started to grow and grow and grow and grow. And that's the important thing to remember. So, And now I can continue after that, if you would like me to, or do you want me to stop? Air Grid, operator of Ireland's electricity grid, is powering up the Northwest. We're planning to upgrade the electricity grid in your area, and your input and local knowledge are vital in shaping these plans. Our consultation closes on the 25th of November. Have your say, online or in person. So together, we can create a more reliable, sustainable electricity supply free.

your community. Find out more at airgrid. i.e. forward slash northwest. Employers, did you know, you can now reward you and your staff with up to 1500 euro and gift cards annually, completely tax-free and even better. You can spread it over five different occasions. Now's the perfect time to try Options card. Options card is Ireland's brand new multi-choice employee gift card, packed with unique features that your staff will love. It's simple to buy, easy to manage, Best of all, there are no extra fees or hidden catches. Visit OptionsCard.I.E. Today. On the many nights of Christmas, the Guinness Storehouse brings to thee Christmas nights at gravity.

This Christmas, enjoy a truly unique night out at the Gravity Bar. Savour festive bites from Big Fan Bell, expertly crafted seasonal cocktails and dance the night away with DJs from Love Tempo. Brett take infuse, amazing atmosphere, incredible food and drink. My goodness, it's Christmas. Christmas at the Guinness Storehouse. Book now at giddlestorhouse.com. Get the facts be drinkaware, visit drinkaware.com. Well, no, definitely wants you to continue with that with their history. But I did have one question. If you look, say you go to Wikipedia on the Cossack page,

they differentiate between Russian and Ukrainian Cossacks. So can you just talk about the difference historically what they're talking about there? They're not talking about. They're not talking about. groups, they're talking about loyalties. Left bank, Ukraine, the eastern part of the country, I mean, they're all orthodox, of course, tended to be pro-Russian, although even the most fanatical pro-Russian headman had to turn on them because they were especially repeated the grave, was extracting so much out of Ukraine. And the western side, the right bank of the Neheper, is where the headman was

the strongest, but you even had some Cossacks, Tataria, and a few others, who thought that if the treaty is right, working with Poland as a way to protect themselves from the Turks may be workable. They never became a part of Poland, of course. But, and if someone was more, if a leader was more leaning too far to one side or another, there would be rebellion against him. So everybody, this was a huge balancing act for them. So, but after the Kimonitsky uprising eventually fizzled down, Kimmnitsky's lieutenants, and this is all in my book, by the way, the two big ones were Ivan Velhouski and Paul Tatario. And unfortunately, that's where the class conflict in the cross-sac coast began. Ivan Velhotsky, Lee,

towards Poland as a reaction to the Russian presence in part of Ukraine after Perislav. But when he died in 1664, the Russians actually created their own Cossack noble class, complete with their own serfs. You had a Russianized noble class at that point. But Cossacks who leaned more towards Moscow, fomented rebellions against Vahoski. I know the great historian Doroshenko that he claims that Moscow was deliberately spreading myths to the effect that the headman's going to hand Ukraine over to the polls

that probably was at least in part true so loyalties split the Cossacks so-called Russian and Polish as well as class because the classic way of buying the Cossacks off was to go to the elite and said listen you stay loyal to us You could keep your way of life, and we will guarantee your lands and even get some surface of your own. Sometimes it worked.

Sometimes it didn't. So that's the difference there. All righty. So, yeah, you were talking about moving forward and moving forward in their history. So go anywhere you'd like to go. Well, after the revolt, 1648, there was something called. the Board of Agreement of 1649, 1650. And this was, this essentially was their demands that had Polish signatures, but no intent of making it real.

So, of course, like Ukraine, number one was to include the areas of Kiev, Chernigov, and Bratislav, in areas under the Cossack control, only Orthodox people could hold office. the unions were dissolved and its property granted to the Orthodox Church that the Metropolitan of the Orthodox Church in Ukraine had a guaranteed seat in the Polish Senate anybody involved in that rebellion had to be amnesty

which is not the Polish way of doing things and that both Jews and Polish landlords will be prevented from ever returning so So that's what immediately came after the Kimmelniki Rebellion. What came after that is what we talk about as the ruin. Now, the thing that made Hetman-Vajowski interesting was the proposal called the Hydautsch Treaty, which said a lot of the same things that I just listed.

so much of the Union Church was already destroyed. Many of them became Orthodox themselves, and that would be a continuous matter all the way right up into the 20th century. But the argument was even if Poland couldn't be trusted, the Treaty of Perislav was very strict on Cossack autonomy, which the Russians had completely violated 100 times over.

There was something called the trilateralis, lateralist solution to Ukrainian independence. The Polish Empire was formally called the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Well, what people like the Husky wanted was Polish-Lithuanian Russian Union with a great degree of independence and religious freedom as far as the Russian side was concerned. And this eventually became the Treaty of Perislav. or, you know, the Paraslav was the negation of the Hydoch Treaty. Even Kimmelitsky's son Yuri, who was pretty hapless but well-meaning, thought that the Poles would be better now that they've been defeated, better than the Russians would be.

And he eventually became a puppet headman of the Turks. So, and again, Amnesty was always a part of it, because Polish reprisals were absolutely disastrous. The Hetman at this point, I don't know, 1665, something like that, was Dorochenko. The Zerdesky articles were with another treaty with the Russians promising local autonomy. If there were Russian troops in Cossack areas, they had to be under the command of the Hetman and that Ukraine had to be totally unified. And just as important that the Orthodox Church would have to come under Constance and Noble

or at least Jerusalem. And much of that was ultimately rejected. But by 1665 or so, the position of the Cossack Coast was very poor. And one of the reasons, and corruption had

come in, especially under Moscow, and they would place very high taxes on them. And this is why some people ended up going to Poland. But even even very pro-Russian

Hedmans in the east like Bruevetsky who personally came under the Russian monarch's protection and he had one demand he had one single demand and that was that Ukrainian common law

in the words the traditional law the Kosak host would be respected and because of that loyalty was promised to the Tsar and his interest to what it comes down to is the retention

of the Khosak tradition and in urban areas that they had the Magdeburg law from Germany. The cities were essentially independent. And elections to urban offices, of course, had to be Orthodox. And any election for any of these offices had to be free and done according to local tradition. Yes, Russia promised it and then violated any time they got the chance. So if one side of this got too strong, if the Turks became too strong, if the polls became, too strong. As the Russians became too strong, there was always a reaction to go elsewhere.

One of the things that made Hedman-Mazepa unique is that he went to the Swedes, given the nature of the war that was already going on. The great thing about that was Sweden was too far away to really administer the Cossack host. I mean, anyone wanted to get away from Peter the Great. He reduced the Cossack host to absolutely nothing. so ultimately no one trusted anybody not even internally and the only real stable point was the deporosian sick always the most radical of the of the of the of the of the Cossack groups and that wasn't shut down until um until Catherine Catherine the Great So, you know, you had uprisings all over the place, and the worst thing that happened, we'll talk about this here in a minute, something called the Treaty of Andrew Solon in 1667, which will negate the Cossack State entirely and divide Ukraine between Poland and Russia, which was a tremendous betrayal since that's the one time where the Poles returned to that part that was promised to them and the Jewish usurers returned. So Poland and Russia were now bound by treaty as equals at the expense of Ukraine and the Cossacks.

And those who fell within the Polish sector were right back to where they were before. So Poland essentially took the right bank, Russia took the left bank, and that condemned those on the right bank was an insult and condemned thousands of Orthodox Russians to expropriation and exploitation. And I guess part of the point of Andrew Chauvel was to combine Polish and Russian forces against Turkey. Air Grid, operator of Ireland's electricity grid, is powering up the northwest. We're planning to upgrade the electricity grid in your area, and your input and local knowledge are vital in shaping these plans. Our consultation closes on the 25th of November. Have your say, online or in person. So together we can create a more reliable, sustainable electricity supply for your community.

Find out more at airgrid.i.4 slash northwest. Employers, did you know, you can now reward you and your staff with up to 1,500 euro and gift cards annually, completely tax-free. And even better, you can spread it over five different occasions. Now's the perfect time to try Options Card. Options Card is Ireland's brand-new multi-choice employee gift card packed with unique features that your staff will love. It's simple to buy, easy to manage,

and best of all, there are no extra fees or hidden catches. Visit OptionsCard.i.e. today. On the many nights of Christmas, the Guinness Storehouse brings to thee Christmas nights at gravity. This Christmas, enjoy a truly unique night out at the Gravity Bar. Savour festive bites from Big Fan Bell, expertly crafted seasonal cocktails, and dance the night away with DJs from Love Tempo.

Get-taking views, amazing atmosphere, incredible food and drink. My goodness, it's Christmas at the Guinness Storehouse. Book now at ginnestorehouse.com. Get the facts be drink-aware, visit drink-aware.com. Why don't you keep going? I don't really have a question on anything there. Okay. Yeah, I want to pause from time to time just in case you do.

Absolutely, thank you. But that, yeah, that treaty was an absolute disaster. and it created another, I would talk about here in a little bit, created another massive rebellion, probably the last one, the Hadamak rebellion. We'll get to that here in a second. Because of Andrew Sovo and the subsequent treaties, Poland and Russia divided the area of the host. Free trade was proclaimed, but that was a code for Polish colonization and dispossession. it meant massive interest rates and Jewish rule without any countervailing power.

Now, Russia had a tough time dealing with that because Jewish capital structure in Poland was far more experienced and far wealthier than the relatively small merchant class in Russia. So any kind of cost-tech independence was nullified. And 1672, something called the Comtap articles, imposed a headman on Ukraine that had absolutely no independent. independence whatsoever. And this is why Russia is unpopular in certain, certain Ukrainian circles, historically speaking. I want to talk about someone else. One of my favorite people at the time, and that is the military leader of the Cossack,

so Ivan Circle. He is the unsung hero of this era. We're talking about 1670, something like that. he was from the sick the parosia he backed rebellions against Moscow I'm thinking of

Rizine in particular he unified Ukraine to the defeat of both Polish and Turkish forces he was eventually arrested and sent to Siberia but once the Turks began to advance they had to call them back in 1674

there was a mass of Turkish invasion that Serco had defeated the Russian Hedman on their side, Semelowicz didn't do a thing. A year later, 15,000 elite janissary, not to mention regular forces, invaded Ukraine.

Serco again defeated the cream of the Ottoman army. 1678, another huge Turkish invasion. Russia didn't do anything. Semulovic wouldn't do anything, but Serco repelled them a third time. The coalition force under Serco grew to very large numbers and a fourth time a Turkish invading force was defeated. Ivan Serco was watching the Turkish Empire at this point.

Its best fighting men were destroyed and the road seemed open for the Cossacks to take this Turkish capital of Istanbul. Rather than the Russians and Samuilob, it's taking this as a serious way to completely take Constantinople, they ended up to start. destroying the Cossack Sik for a time. Circo, who saw the possibility of destroying Turkey forever, was forced to retreat. And he died a broken man. What ended up happening is that the Hetman Dorshenko and the Russians negated everything that he did. The bizarre thing is that right after Circle's death, Russia then went on to found the Holy League as a military force against Turkey.

Circo could have easily destroyed Turkey and maybe even Poland too Russian Ukraine was an oligris. It was both Cossack and Russian nobles that 1% owned about half the land. It wasn't the Jews but the Cossack elites who controlled the cities in that part of Ukraine. And the claim is that the Russians, their colonial governors, corrupted the Cossack elite. They went out of their way to save Turkey

by sending Circle away. So that's and throughout all of this, Circle tried to enlist the assistance of Semmelovich on the left bank.

After a while, Circle did endorse the pro-Moscow. but even said in a letter of 1677 that we aren't going to separate from you. They do talk about Ukrainian fatherland, but it's hard to tell whether they're talking about a nation or just the fact that this is the Russian borderland or the Polish borderlands for that matter. So Circa was just the absolute perfection of the Cossack history. And he was destroyed by his own allies. So this was an absolute, absolute disaster.

And many of the offers by the Cossack host to Poland were completely defeated. And had this occurred, had this treaty been accepted, that would have been a Ukrainian orthodox identity outside of the Russian fold and outside of anything. Polish and possibly could have brought old believers into the Ukrainian communion as a way to control Russian incursion. The Austrians would do the same thing a little bit later. But that's not just the left bank and the right bank, too. The Vajowski alienated poor Cossacks because he was constantly negotiating with the Poles and the terrible fear was that the Jews were going to come.

back. And so Vajowski was seen as pro-Polish. Others were seen as pro-Russia and had Mazepa seen as pro-Turkish. But once Russia had corrupted the left bank Ukraine, Poland was viewed by a lot of his allies as a lesser evil relative to Russia. Vajovsky was a lawyer, ultimately. I mean, he created a balanced budget, laid the groundwork for institutions, created financial reserves. without Jewish assistance. And we're getting into an era that's called the ruin, where the gains and victories of both Circo and Kim Monitsky were completely negated. All previous treaties were null and void, and the one thing that dominated everything was class rule.

And the rank and file revolted on both banks of Ukraine. And these men, Teteria, or Vajoski, these were all lieutenants of Kimonitki's. and part of his campaigns against Poland. The ruin, it negated everything. It didn't destroy the ideas. And then you have the interesting case of Peter Doroshenko. I mentioned already. He blamed the upper classes with the Cossack host on both banks,

especially the left bank, for this ruin, this period of utter powerlessness, but thought that there were resources to continue the state building as Zidocini had done. and Dorochenko is one of the few who was able to centralize the country to himself, both banks. Unfortunately, he had to go to the Turks to do that. Dorshenko was as anti-Polish as he was anti-Russian. The Russian state is the one who elected Tammolovich to the left bank. And this was seen not just as an ethnic distinction, but also as a class distinction. you know, if the Jews were going to be out, monetization had to come from somewhere.

And it's very easy to buy some of these people off. I mean, the Cossack ideal is a little nomadic. The sick didn't know anything. But the landed Cossacks in Ukraine proper, not on the island. Dordashenko had no choice but to go to Turkey. And just like in Kimoninsky's case, he did go to the Crimeans, the Turks, despite signing treaty saying we're not going to plunder anything. That's all they did.

And Circle predicted that. Dorochenko became very unpopular because now we have Islamic plundering and the Jews right behind them, of course. And using the Turks was his undoing. And the one thing other than that that he was known for is that he created a personal guard, Praetorian guard, completely loyal to him and appointed by him alone. This was a way that he thought he could break the class status, both sides of of both banks.

So he rules from 1665, I want to say 1676. He did briefly unite both banks. And he was a typical Hetman in all other respects. But because Kimunitsky had initially asked for the assistance of Crimea, going to the Muslims now was okay, or at least that's what he thought. and then this unified Ukraine would play Poland and Russia off against each other and to a lesser extent. The Turks. So Russia then started to rule Ukrainian lands directly in 1666, 1667.

In 1665, there were the so-called Moscow articles, which was a complete domination of, of Russia over Ukraine. But there was a Kossack that had nothing to do with Ukraine as an ethnicity, although they probably recognized it. They're all Orthodox Slavs. Turkey was seen as the main enemy at this point, and that justified them going to Turkey. But Kimoninsky considered it as well as a way to balance Poland. So even the most pro-Moscow of the Cossack rulers would eventually turn on Russia's heavy-handedness. You know, Bruvicevetsky was as pro-Russian as you can get, but every promise that they made, they broke.

And of course, no one was worse than Peter. Remember, St. Petersburg was built on the bones of Cossacks who, because of the rebellion of Mazepa, were worked to death. the city is literally the city is literally built on the bones of old Russia that is to say the remnants of the of the Cossack hosts so

even pro-Russian and now the only reason that the polls were slightly more reasonable is because they were much weaker they even promised an independent church but that was constantly being violated that's why Ivan Mizepa was going to defect and went to the

went to the Swedes because the Russo-Swedish war was going on. Mazepa brought the Baroque from Poland. He stressed the ethnic connection of all of those within the headminute. He needed to create his own ruling class. And he fully admits that the Treaty of Androssova was the worst thing that could have happened to Ukraine. a lot of excellent writers had said the same thing

so in Mazepa's time the last hope was Sweden everyone else had been tried and not to mention the fact that the Russians at the time were under Peter the Great Peter the Great was a Freemason

he was an occultist I have an article about his drunken synod where he was a Satanist he created his own make-believe church centered around alcohol and given the Orthodox point of view, he had no political legitimacy. Not to mention, he moved the capital at some point. And the fact that so many Cossacks perished in the, it was a white sea building project,

the foundation of St. Petersburg. But of course, we all know what happened. Maseppa went to Charles X.12, and they were both destroyed. So, beginning of the 18th century, Ukraine had become part of the Russian Empire after the defeat of Hetman Mazepa. And he fled to Turkey, along with the Swedish king. So, you know, but that's the basic structure of the Cossack. And I'm saving to the end, the last rebellion, the Kalivashina, or they had.

Mac Rebellion in 1768, but I want to pause right here and see if you have anything to say. Well, yeah, I was going to say if you're going to finish up with that, that would be great. And then, you know, maybe we can do a follow-up on a follow-up one day and get into more modern times, talk about Pallas settlement and up through the revolution because there were still Cossacks, Cossacks still existed in 1917. So let's finish up this period. and then we'll work on another period another time. All right.

Well, remember, the Cossack still exists today. Usually pro-Russian, and the war of Ukraine, of course, destroyed anything, any concern with Ukraine. But the last true rebellion was in 1768, the 2nd was in Petersburg. And just like before, Poland was divided between, I'm sorry, that Ukraine was a, between Poland and Moscow. And those under Poland were yet again under the Jews. And now those in Poland had the even worse treatment than they had in the past. And the uprising, the Kulivashina uprising, was one of the reasons the Polish Empire collapsed.

The arrogance of the Jews never went anywhere. They behaved in the exact same way, including after the Polish Empire, fell apart. They created something called the Bar Confederation. This was the Polish a military alliance, a few landlords against the Polish king, Stanislaus, Augustus, also against Russian troops in parts of Poland. And yes, Russian wanted to weaken the Polish empire, but not necessarily in power a sort of a Cossack force because they were a shadow of their former self by 1768. In 1768, there was

specifically an incident based to the oppression of Polish lords and Jews against enforcing them to join the Catholic Church to join the Union. And as time went on, the rights of the Orthodox were whittled away to absolutely

nothing. And making matters worse, that very same year, Prince Nikolai Rapinin had to proclaim the equality of Orthodox and Protestants with Catholics, including the right to hold government positions, being on top. And that caused indignation not just amongst the Ukrainian, but the Polish elite too. And the result of all that was the Bar Confederation. and the Bar Confederation, this was the only unified institutions Poland had, and they did engage in pogroms against the Orthra. And that was a reprisal for this rebellion.

It was started in May of 1768, Abbott de Melchizedek of the Mokronitsky Monaster, the southern part of Kiev. The Zaporosian had at the time was Maxim Zelizniak, who initially only had 18 people. But given the arrogance of the Jews, it grew tremendously. And it engulfed almost the entire southeastern part of Kiev and even expanded west. Now, it wasn't all Crosaic in this case, but you did have the core of it was a separatian once. You still had plenty of runaway peasants and everything else, soldiers from Russia who participated in all of it. The assumption was that once the Russians realize that we can do it, they will go to St. Petersburg for assistance because they figured, well, they want to weaken Poland. And yet, it didn't happen.

It was a systematic rebellion, the Lisniak sent attachments all over the place. And there was something is a fictitious document called the Golden Charter of Catherine II, which allegedly, permitted the extermination of Jews and Poles and independence for the Cossacks. This was not a real document, but many of the rebels thought it was real. So they engaged in an uprising based on this alleged golden charter of Catherine II. But this uprising led to mass exodus of both Polish elites and Jews. and it ended up being Zelisniak's movement was very large and he restored Cossack independent. He really did the case you have peasant Cossack detachments.

Heidemach was a peasant rebel. It engulfed most of Kiev, Galicia, and no one was spared. The Hadimak detachments destroyed everybody. their traditional enemies, because the Confederation ultimately left the civilian population unprotected once they were, had to go in retreat. The Haidemax actually hanged a Polish nobleman, a union priest, and a Jew on the same tree and had the inscription, a pole, a Jew and a dog, the same faith. I don't know if they killed a dog for that or not, but it happened all the time. But by this point, the anger had reached tremendous levels. Yes, some of these rebels didn't think every Jew needed to be eliminated, but many of them were.

They learned nothing from Kim Ilitsky. And this was the last real uprising of the Cossacks, really, until the Russian Civil War. Most of the Catherine II, as well as the polls, had trizes Elisniak and others. There is a book, the Kodenskaya, Niga, the protocols of some of the court hearings there. Most of these guys were tortured to death between 1769, 17700 people were executed. And this is what finally allowed Catherine II. to destroy as a Perosian Cossack hosts, which never really returned. They weren't military rebels.

They were simply criminals. In other words, the Russians, even though Catherine the Great was not Russian, and the 18th century and in Russia itself was an absolute disaster politically, they fought for Poland, which was a huge shock to everyone involved. not only that, but rounded the rebels up for not just their own, but for Polish interests. How Russia can be served by supporting Polish interests is a mystery, very much like Dorochenko with the Turks. But she actually wrote these men be punished with the most severe execution, used only with the greatest of criminals. and he included the entire population of the Separatian Sea at the same time.

So, you know, we've covered a lot of ground here, but the Jews were in that top three enemies of the Cossacks, the Polish landlords, Jews, and the Greek Catholics, so-called, and I guess Catholics in general, because they look to Poland rather than anyone else. Catherine then purged the church yet again. Abbott Mokizek was transferred and the Greek Catholic metropolitan in Kiev at the time, Philip Volokovic instigated even worse persecutions of the Orthodox and in the new Polish confederations that were being formed. So that was the last major.

uprising and the destruction of anything approaching Cossack independence. And it wasn't until the Russian Revolution, so-called Russian Civil War, that the Cossacks again showed themselves in spaces like Tarek, on the dawn, even on the Volga, rose up against the communists and consistently did so right up until the German invasion. Well, that's fantastic. Yeah, I want to follow this up with another episode where we can pick up there and go forward and come into the modern day. That would be great. Just like always, I'm going to link to all the places where people can donate to you, can subscribe to your work. Right. And yeah, it's always a pleasure. And I made sure last time I have all of the places

where people can support your work because I know this is what you do. This is what you do full time. And like many other people, there aren't any universities knocking down your door to ask you to come and work for, come and teach, rather. Yeah. I think the only place I could be comfortable would be in parts of Russia itself, Belarus especially. Who knows maybe even Iran.

These are highly literate places. But yeah, the university was my life for a long time. I was a professor for years, really until COVID. I didn't want to do online. I need an audience. I need to scare freshmen. I can't do that online. Although I do want to note that my PO box, the one entire hill no longer functions.

I will be opening a new one soon. And when that happens, I'll give the number and city to you and to anybody else. So donations and stuff either come through my Patreon or direct donations through my the link. It's not PayPal because I got kicked off there. But I've got one of their competitors to do it. And they'll see when they click what you have here. Because, yeah, this is full time.

I'm completely independent. but to maintain my independence, I have to have my own source of income. And I have plenty of generous donors because I've been around for so long. I've been doing the same things for so long that they know I'm not fly by night and that they can trust me. Your listeners tend to be very generous. And it's so difficult to try to summarize something like the Cossackian Jews through history. in, you know, 50 minutes.

That's very, very difficult. And hopefully I was coherent. But, yeah, your listeners are excellent. And I appreciate whatever they can do to assist me and to keep me independent. Yep. I will definitely make sure that they have access to that, to that information so that they can do that.

And, yeah, I do. The people who listen to this show, I don't tell them often enough how much, how great they are and how much I love them, but each and every one. And, you know, one more thing before we leave this, you talked about how you've been doing this for a long time. And I think now we're starting to see that the kind of things that you've been talking about for forever, you know, for as long as you have, starting to crack the mainstream. And Normies are starting to ask questions.

I have noticed that. And as things get worse and worse and worse, more of our people are going to be radicalized. And they're going to be looking for answers. I don't want to trust the media. They're going to be looking elsewhere. And I hope that they start looking at people like me and you and others. Thank you, Dr. Johnson. I appreciate it.

Always. All right. You're welcome, my friend.