The Pete Quiñones Show - Reading Solzhenitsyn's '200 Years Together' w/ Dr. Matthew Raphael Johnson - Episodes 11-20

Episode Date: December 3, 2025

9 Hours PG-13Dr. Matthew Raphael Johnson is a researcher, writer, and former professor of history and political science, specializing in Russian history and political ideology.Here are episodes 11-20 in which Pete reads Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn's '200 Years Together," and Dr' Johnson provides commentary.Dr Johnson's PatreonDr Johnson's CashApp - $Raphael71RusJournal.orgTHE ORTHODOX NATIONALISTDr. Johnson's Radio Albion PageDr. Johnson's Books on AmazonPete and Thomas777 'At the Movies'Support Pete on His WebsitePete's PatreonPete's SubstackPete's SubscribestarPete's GUMROADPete's VenmoPete's Buy Me a CoffeePete on FacebookPete on TwitterBecome a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/the-pete-quinones-show--6071361/support.

I want to welcome everyone back to part 11 of our reading of 200 years together by Alexander Solzhenitsyn. Why do I want to say Solzhenitsky? I'm really insulting the men. I have to apologize. I think he's heard worse than that. I think he's heard worse than mine. True. But that's from his enemies. I'm not his enemy. Right. Yeah, it occurred to me that I just said, you know, chap, this is part 11 of this, and I think we're going to get to the point where I'm just going to forget the numbers, and it's just going to be, you know, hey, welcome back and let's get going. It's going to be, it's going to be long, but, okay, I'm with you.

It's worth it. It's worth it. All right. Um, we're just going to jump, uh, jump in right where we ended and, um, go from here and go to the next natural stopping point. And here we go. Due to his incessant energy, Nicholas I during his reign did not only face failures in his efforts to transform Jewish life in its different aspects. This was the case with Jewish agriculture. The regulations on obligations of recruitment and military service to the Jews dated 1827 stipulated that Jewish

farmers transferred on private plots were released, as well as their children, from the obligation to provide recruits for a period of 50 years, exemption incurring from the moment they actually began to engage in agricultural work. As soon as this regulation was made public, more Jews returned to the colonies than those who had absented themselves on their own initiative. That had been signaled absent. I was reading the Jewish Encyclopedia just before we came on on some of these issues. And it's at least on, I mean, normally the encyclopedia in certain things is vaguely reasonable. But not when it comes to Russia, and certainly not when it comes to Nicholas I first.

Even Wikipedia, in fact, if you go to anti-Semitism in the Russian Empire, it's they come out and say that, given everything we've said, that Nicholas the first wanted to destroy Jewish life, that he engaged in forcible conversion of Jews, and that even when, you know, they were, they make it seem like all Jews or young men were Jewish young men were drafted and used as cannonified. That was explicitly stated on Wikipedia, not on the page for Nicholas First, on the page on anti-Semitism. And I think some of that mentality came straight from the Jewish Encyclopedia on this show, just for Nicholas I first. It's actually fairly brief. But it is, they live at the, when it comes to this stuff, they have created their own universe. My first book, the Third Rome, which I wrote angrily when I was 30, 29, and it comes from this stuff. This stuff is taken seriously and treated as history. And this kind of nonsense, everything that we've been reading and talking about is the precise opposite of all of that.

And what goes into the history books then and now is absolute nonsense. and invention I don't know if I've shared my great social science discovery and that's Johnson's law

I named it after myself Johnson's law is that says the more obscure the area the more obscure the country

the more the media is going to lie about it and not just out of mendacity because it's obscure. They're going to make a lot of mistakes, but because there's so few people to refute them, they don't really care. So they'll write what they're told, you know,

get into sensationalism. It really doesn't matter. There's too few people to tell them otherwise. And when it comes to Zars Russia, it's one of these examples that they can make up whatever they want. You know, North Korea is a classic example because they're kind of sealed off. You could say whatever. But when it comes to the 19th century Russia, other than a handful of specialists, no one really knows anything about it. Russia has always been this big black spot on the American intellectual life. Until a couple of years ago, then everyone's an expert.

But Johnson's law is relevant because no one really knows. They could say anything. and so kids in school are writing this crap down and it gets it gets none or does it get repeated but then so-called scholars will use these erroneous facts and then build theories

with these facts in mind that's when a lie becomes unassailable in their eyes when it becomes a part of the field it becomes a part of a logical theory about something about Russian history, about history in general and

the entire thing is based on falsehood but keep something in mind and Zoltenichi would agree with me on this, I'm pretty sure that in the Talmud, of course Rome, it had many code names

Amman or Haman obviously is a big one Rome was always the enemy of the Jews and Oleg Plotanoff writes about this, you know, ad nauseum. This is the third Rome. This is the last

presence of the Christian Roman Empire and the planet. And, you know, coming directly, you know, by blood as well as religion and ideology from Byzantium. So, so this, that explains

at least some of the religious contempt that the Jews have for Russia Russia then and Russia now is the dominant enemy it is something and so the news media

does just what the Jewish encyclopedia does because you know we're not there watching things they could they could invent whatever they want usually it's done very poorly logically you could tear it apart

they're still doing it as far as the war is concerned and things like that but um the roman emperor which you know technically uh nicholas was um has always and in the murder of nicholas the second i have a whole book on this um you know the graffiti on the wall and so much of the jewish triumphalism over it is that you know rome has fallen in their mind uh babylon has fallen the great land empire and uh that's that's what goes into some of the ridiculous, just the hatred that goes into these ridiculous articles on, you know, how can you get more mainstream in the Jewish encyclopedia? So it's, it's extraordinary, but that's why you're reading this thing. I'm blown away by it, but these things will go into papers.

They'll go into research notes there. and no one has any incentive to go against them for obvious reasons. So it's going to remain. And that is kind of what our job is to do everything we could to get rid of this crap on this issue and many others. In 1829, a more elaborate and detailed regulation concerning Jewish cultivators was published. It envisaged their access to the bourgeois class, provided that all their debts were paid.

Authorization to absent themselves for up to three months to seek a livelihood during periods when the land did not require their physical work. Sanctions against those who absent themselves without authorization and rewards for distinguished agricultural leaders. De Nekitten admits to compare the severe constraints imposed on Jewish farmers but with rights and privileges exclusively granted to the Jews, With those of the other taxable classes, it must be observed that the government treated the Jews with great benevolence. I think the phrase Jewish farmer should be, you know, there should be an eye roll in there somewhere or quotes with your fingers. Because we've already established under Alexander, they weren't doing this.

There's religious sanctions on it. You would have to convert to orthodoxy, and then you can do it. But we've already shown when this agenda was first put forth under Alexander, the Jews said, well, we don't know how to do anything. We don't know how to work the land. So farmers from different places, I don't know how they did this, were brought in. And of course, now they have essentially surf labor on their plots. There's enforcement is always a problem. We've talked about that many times.

How many Jewish farmers were there? I mean, there's actually a debate about this and it's absolutely certain that it's very few because if you recall there was a condemnation from the Grand Council of all the Kahulam together a condemnation of any Jew who starts working the land and acts like a normal citizen. Now, I don't know if that's in force.

You know, it's like a fatwa. I don't know if it has a murder sentence attached to it, but um and if that was taken seriously or not but uh you know i don't think there were a whole lot of jewish farmers without them converting of their own free will in the first place but he's right contrary to the mythology um you know these jews were getting there there were peasants in the russian empire who would murder to get these kind of privileges remember everything was given to them free they were going to have a subsidy everything the land, the tools, everything.

But it's difficult, it's difficult work, especially when you're not born and raised with it. So it was dumb, of course, we've already established that, but, you know, but even so, they made it as easily, easy as humanly possible to, to become a normal citizen. And, of course, they chose otherwise. And from 1829 to 1833, the Jews labor the land would zeal, fate rewards them with good harvests, they are satisfied with the authorities, and vice versa and general prosperity is tainted only by fortuitous incidents without great importance. After the war with Turkey, 1829, the arrears of taxes are entirely handed over to the Jewish residents as to all the

settlers for having suffered from the passage of years. But according to the report of the supervisory committee, the bad harvest of 1833 made it possible to retain the Jews in the colonies. It allowed many who had neither the desire nor the courage to devote themselves to the agricultural work of sowing nothing, or almost nothing, of getting rid of the cattle, going away from here and there, of demanding subsidies and not paying royalties. In 1834, more than once, they saw the sale of grain which they had received. and the slaughter of the cattle, which was also done by those who were not driven to do so by necessity. The Jews received bad harvest more often than other peasants for, with the exception

of insufficient seedlings, they worked the land haphazardly at the wrong time, which was due to the habit transmitted from generations to generation of practicing easy trades of mismanaging and neglecting the surveillance of livestock. I have the feeling that the comment, the Jews labor, the land with zeal, I think we're really talking about either a tiny handful of Jews who, for whatever reason, took to this, or more than likely, a Jewish owner with serf labor.

But it sounds like, now there's a line here. after the war with Turkey, the rears of taxes are entirely handed over to the Jewish residents as all the settler, having suffered from the passage of years. I don't know what that means. It sounds to me that handed over, meaning that they were given the right to be tax farmers. I don't know what handed over means. But when I see having suffered from the passage of years suggests that there's like a time. limit so but beyond that the bad harvest you know they were doing the absolute minimum they had to do remember they were getting subsidies um it they were you know it was impossible

to keep track of who was who there again you always have this circulating motion uh the slaughter of the cattle and all this stuff i always always wonder if they you know they're using that we all know what goyam means um a slaughter of the cattle if this is, you know, just this is more of an excuse than anything else. Working the land haphazardly, you know, you can't. You either work the land or you don't.

So they were simply I'm sure they had other means of income and they were simply taking advantage of the system as always. But I have to admit, they do have a point and this is such a stupid idea in the first place.

I don't know what Azaros expected. Nicholas, the first being a lot firmer and stronger than Alexander. I mean, he kind of inherited this policy. But I guess he was trying to see, you know, maybe there is this small amount that can actually become normal people. And I want to make that as easy as possible to become, I don't know. One might have thought that the three decades of unfortunate experiences

in the implementation of Jewish agriculture compared to universal experience would suffice for the government to renounce these vain inexpensive attempts. But no, did the reiterative reports not reach Nicholas the first, or were they embellished by the ministers? Or did the inexhaustible energy and irrefragable hope of the sovereign impel him to renew these incessant attempts? It's conceivable. Remember, in the last few weeks ago, some of these report, when when Alexander was around, these reports were not reaching him. And if there's any profit to be made, yeah, embellishing them.

I don't think, or they're simply giving him bad information in general. But yes, he's, you know, Solton Eaton is saying what we're saying. Oh, my God, how long does this have to go on? And he's spending taxpayer money on this stuff. Anyway, go ahead. In any case, Jewish agriculture in the new Jewish regulation dated 1835 and approved by the Emperor, the results of the work of the directors committee, is not at all excluded, but on the contrary, enhanced, quote, to organize the lives of the Jews according to rules which would enable them to earn a decent living by practicing agriculture and industry, gradually dispensing instructions of their youth, which would prevent them from engaging in idleness or unlawful. occupations. If the Jewish community were previously required to pay 400 rubles per household, now every

Jew was allowed to become a farmer at any time. All tax arrears were immediately handed over to him and to his community. They were given the right to receive land from the state in Yusufruct without time limit, but within the pale of settlement, to acquire plots of land to sell them to rent them. Those who became farmers were exempt from taxation for 20,000. years, property tax for 10 years, recruitment for 50 years. In reverse, no Jew could be forced to become a farmer. The industries and trades practiced in the context of village life were also allowed to them. 150 years have passed. Forgetful of the past, an eminent and most enlightened Jewish

physicist formulates his vision of Jewish life in those days. Quote, a pale of sediment coupled with the prohibition of practicing agriculture. The historian and thinker M. Gershenson uses a more general formulation. Quote, agriculture is forbidden to the Jew by the spirit of his people because, by attaching to the land, man takes root more easily in a given place. Well, I think this paragraph answers the question. Hand it over. I don't know.

I don't think that's a great translation. It means canceled. but that money, he doesn't have to pay that money. I think that's what it's saying because they've repeated it here. But I think we could summarize everything we've done up into this point by that last sentence.

And I think Gwiterson is Jewish. I don't know why I'm thinking that. I think he is that, you know, agriculture is forbidden by the Jew, the spirit of his people, because by attaching to the land, he takes root more easily in a given place. Which outside of Israel, of course,

at the end times in their mind, is inconceivable. That's almost the summary of this whole thing. The influential Minister of Finance, Cancran, proposed to place the deserted lands of Siberia at the disposal of Jewish agriculture. Nicholas gave his approval to this project at the end of the same year 1835.

It was proposed to attribute to Jewish settlers up to 15 hectares of good land per male individual with tools and workhorses billed to the treasury and paid transportation costs, including food. It seems that poor Jews, laden with large families, were tempted to undertake this journey to Siberia. But this time, the Kahulam were divided in their calculations. These poor Jews were indeed necessary to satisfy the needs of recruitment instead of wealthy families. It was concealed from them that the arrears were all handed over to them, and they were required to carry them out beforehand.

But the government changed its mind, fearing the difficulties of a transfer so far away, and that the Jews, on the spot, lacking examples of know-how and love of work, and would resume their sterile trade, which rested essentially on dishonest operations that have already done so much harm in the western provinces of the empire, their innkeeper operations of ruining inhabitants by satisfying their inclination for drinking, and so on. In 1837, therefore, the transfer to Siberia was, stopped without the reasons being publicized. In the same year, the inspectorate estimated that in New Russia, the plots of land reserved for Jewish settlers contained a black potting soil of the highest

quality, that they were perfectly suited to the cultivation of cereals, that the steps were excellent for production of hay and livestock farming. Local authorities, however, disputed this assessment. Also in the same year of 1837, a Ministry of Public Goods was established. headed by Count P. Kisleev, who was entrusted with the transition measure intended to prepare the abolition of serfdom, the task of protecting the free cultivators, the peasants of the crown. There were seven and a half million of them registered, including the Jewish farmers, but they were only 3,000 to 5,000 families or a drop of water in the sea relative to the number of peasants of the crown. Nevertheless, as soon as it was created, this ministry received numerous petitions and recriminations of all kinds coming from Jews. Six months later, it became clear that it would be necessary to give the Jews so much attention that the main tasks of the ministry would suffer. In 1840, however, Kislyov was also appointed president of a newly created committee, the sixth one, to determine the measure to be taken to reorganize the lives of the Jews in Russia, meaning he also was to tackle.

the Jewish problem This is Again, these 3,000, 5,000 families I'm going to You know, I don't believe they were physically out there Working the land What we've read here is in essence This is an organized crime

organization That doesn't Is not used to working Organized crime has things brought to them. Now, something very important is that the Cahal because of course they completely controlled the lives

of everyone under them where the poor Jews were totally misled by the elders. The elders of the columns oh wait a minute. No, for the recruitment thing we need these, we can't have them go into Siberia and by the way, this is southern these are these are beautiful lands.

They're not abandoned. There's a much land there, absolutely gorgeous part of the part of the world, they simply lied to them. They didn't say anything about the tax arrear canceling and they lied to them so that they lied to them so that they would stay and they could then send them off to the army. So your average Jewish family was under the control

of the Gahal. Everything from the state, any law, any edict, was filtered and we probably should have said this before but it's filtered by the Jewish elite down to everyone else under them and this is about the

the 20th time we've come across their dishonest operations and that could mean many things at the time you know smuggling was a big one I have no doubt opium from the Jewish family Sasoons in British India

I think God knows what they were doing scamming all over the place they're just not they're not used to working but the elite in the gahal needed to have essential cannon fodder so they can give these people off so they didn't tell them anything about this

or at least lied about this Siberian transfer but again everything was going to be free they're going to be given everything to go out there and I also want to note that it's Nicholas I first who began the process of freeing the serfs. Now I've argued for a long time that Russian serfdom is not what it's been made out to be. There were periods of time though that it got very rough in the western areas

for the same reason it was very rough in Poland. But this was not slavery. But it was getting to the point where it wasn't working and Nicholas freed the state serfs. And the Crown serves, a state search owned by the State of the Crown, and that lay the groundwork for the freeing of the serves in 1860 by Nicholas. And that's very important to note. So my whole life I've been hearing this phrase that Ukraine is the breadbasket of Europe, that it can, you can pretty much grow anything in the soil there. that's the, this is the same soil that these Jews can't grow anything on, can't make anything work. Is that correct?

Yeah, in essence, that's what they're saying. Talk about a misuse of, you know, that they're so worried about settling these Jews and getting them to be normal people. They should be settling the most productive Orthodox peasants from both areas onto this soil. By the way, today, I think 75% of it now is owned by, by, by, black rock but this is extraordinary soil now everything you you know it's the red basket in the sense that this is where the best soil of the russian empire is and it's a bit warmer than in the northern climates yeah you know they were they would say whatever they had to say and there weren't a whole lot of ways to disprove it and um so this was it just never

ends they're being scammed they're being used poor jews are being taken advantage of by by rich Jews, they don't spare their own, at least when it comes to this kind of thing. And it's, again, this is, at some point, you're going to have to learn their lesson, and they don't. In 1839, Kisleyov had a law passed by the State Council authorizing the Jews on the waiting list for recruitment to become cultivators, provided that they were doing so with their whole family, which signify that they would benefit from the major advantage of being dispensed with military service. In 1844, a still more detailed settlement concerning Jewish farmers gave them even in the pale of settlement the right to employ for three years Christians who were supposed to

teach them how to properly manage a farm. In 1840, many Jews came to New Russia supposedly at their own expense. They produced on the spot attestations that they had the means to do so. In fact, they had nothing and made it known from their very first days that their resources were exhausted. There were up to 1,800 families of which several hundred possessed neither papers nor any proof whatsoever of where they came from and how they found themselves in New Russia, and they never ceased to come running, begging not to be left to rot in their misery. Kisley of ordered to receive them by levying the spendings to the settlers in general without distinction of ethnic group. In other words, he assisted them well beyond the amounts provided

for. In other words, he assisted them well beyond the amounts provided for. In 1847, additional ordinances were enacted to make it easier for Jews to become farmers. Through his ministry, Kislyev had the ambition to establish model colonies and then to eventually settle this people on a large scale. For this purpose, he set up one after the other colonies in the province of Akaterina slough on fertile soils, well irrigated by rivers and streams, with excellent pastures and hayfields, hoping very much that the new settlers would benefit from the remarkable experience already gained by the German settlers, but as it was difficult to find volunteers among them to settle in the midst of Jewish settlements, it was decided to employ them as wage earners. new credits were constantly granted to these future model colonies, all arrears were remitted to them. In the second year of their settlement, Jewish families were required to have at least one vegetable garden in one-seated hectare, and to ensure a slow increase in the area sown over the years. Insofar as they had no experience in the selection of livestock, this task

was entrusted to the curators. Kisley sought to facilitate the traveling conditions of families, accompanied by a small number of day laborers, and to find ways to provide specialized agricultural training to a certain contingent of settlers. But in some families, there was still very little to worry about agronomy. In extreme cold, people did not even go out to feed the beasts, so they had to equip them with long hooded coats. you keep going in the meantime yeah in the meantime the flow of jews migrating to agriculture did not dry up especially since the western provinces suffered from bad harvest families that did not include the necessary number of able-bodied men were often dispatched the gahalum sent by force

the destitute and invalid retaining the rich and healthy to have the possibility of better responding to collections to pay royalties and thereby maintain their institutions. In order to prevent the influx of a large number of needy destitutes, the ministry had to demand that the governors of the western provinces have strict control over the departures. But on site, departures of contingents were hastened without even waiting to know whether lodging was ready. Moreover, the credits allocated to the starters were retained, which sometimes compromised a whole year of agricultural work. In the province of Akaterina Slough, there was not even time to distribute

the land to the volunteers. 250 families left on their own to settle in Odessa. Odessa eventually became the Jewish capital of Ukraine in that part of the world. So you had Slavic settlers in this region who were doing very well. Of course, many of them were Cossacks, who had been there for a while, although they weren't necessarily farmers, but they were prosperous. And, of course, German, I think there were Mennonites.

A lot of them were brought in. And, of course, they had an excellent work ethic. But you notice what they say here. We don't want to be put in the midst of these Jews. Because they were getting, this whole thing was a scam. They wanted the able-bodied men for their extortion rackets. You know, and the credits and the subsidies, you know, this was, this was being used in every conceivable way, not having to do with agriculture.

You know, the nature of the scams, I don't know if the committee ever understood it. I have the feeling they knew that something was wrong. Maybe they had an interest in not learning what was wrong. and we already talked about they have they've had no papers no no identification there nothing you could do about that no one knew who was who and this is what now probably a generation maybe more trying to make this work and it's there no closer to it than they were when in the 18th century

but and there's really no control over this so anything that was going to these Jewish areas was being used in the same way an organized crime organization would it was a scam I don't know if they were leveraging it for other things that the land that they were allotted

I have no doubt that they were leveraging that and you know when it comes time to pay they're not going to pay we don't even know who they are they have refused to learn about agronomy they have no interest in it but this naeufte which has been with us we started is just when you read this history even though it was a long time ago it's just

extremely frustrating somebody in this chain of command well i think some of the chain of command was lying to to the czar consistently but someone else in this chain of command was benefiting from this was pocketing some of this i think there was a scam element there maybe this could be a project to figure out what it is because this doesn't make any sense that this is continuing despite total failure and we see this today they still try to do this with various ethnic groups who don't want it are going to either are going to take advantage of it and then you know most of that money is going to be diverted somewhere else to make it to people's pockets this never works and we we never learn I'll keep going

however the reports of various inspectors from difficult places blended as one by submitting to this end the jews could make good or even excellent farmers but they take advantage of the first occasion to abandon the plow to sacrifice their farms and to return to horse trading and their favorite occupations for the jew the number one job is the industry even the most humble of total insignificance but on condition that it provides the greatest profit margin Their fundamentally industrious mindset found no satisfaction in the peaceful life of the cultivator, did not create in them the slightest desire to devote themselves to agriculture. What attracted them there was first and foremost the abundance of land, the scarcity of the Jewish population, the proximity of borders, trade and lucrative industry, not to mention the franchises which exempted them from royalties and conscription. They thought they would only be compelled to organize their houses as to lands, they hope to lease them at an appreciable rate in order to occupy themselves as in the past with commerce and industry. That is what they declared naively to the inspectors. And it was

with total disgust that they tackled the work of the earth. Moreover, religious rules did not favor the Jewish cultivators. They forced them to long periods of inactivity as, for example, during the spring plantings, the long Passover holiday. In September, that of the tabernacles lasted 14 days at the time when intensive agricultural works such as soil preparation and sewing is needed, although according to the opinion of the Jews who deserve all trust, scripture requires strict observance during the first and last two days of the celebrations. On the other hand, the spiritual leaders of Jewish settlements, there were sometimes as many as two prayer houses, one for the Orthodox or, how do you say that word?

Do you know? Where are we here? McNaggus? Oh, yeah, I think that's for the, yeah, Mitanagi. I guess that's, is that either Yiddish or Hebrew, I don't know. McNag, another for the Hasidum. Entertain the, entertain the idea that as chosen people, they were destined for the hard work of the farmer, which is the bitter lot of the goyam. They rose late, devoted an entire hour to prayer, and went away to work when the sun was already high in the sky, to which was added the Sabbath, resting from Friday. night until Sunday morning.

Let's keep in mind that at this point, the Hasidics were still relatively new, and they never really got along with your typical Orthodox Jew. So there's definitely a distinction, at least then, between Hasidic and Orthodox. We tend to merge those today. But, of course, they're lying about these religious rules. Orthodoxy has far more days of rest and fasting than these people do. And it hasn't, I got the answer to my question here. Yeah, the peaceful life of the cultivator is the opposite of the capitalist mindset.

It's the opposite of usury. It's the opposite of credit and loan. But they give a list of what was happening. The proximity of border. Well, there's a million things that are going on there with smuggling. Infant industries were growing, which they, of course, can loan money to, taxes and conscription exemptions. They were leasing their lands, of course. And this is what they were doing.

And they would, when it says they declared naively, well, it was fake naifety. They had no intention at any time of going along. with this. They simply took advantage of a system that at least at some point meant well, but ultimately that somewhere in the chain

could not or did not understand what was really what was really happening here. But they're absolutely right. They're the aristocrats of the world, the Goyam, the cattle. That's where

the work goes. We are here to study Talmud. Orthodox services and Russian Orthodox services are far longer than anything these people have. And then no one ever used that as an excuse. Anything. They would use anything taking advantage of the ignorance of these inspectors. God knows. I don't know how many there were for it or a large number.

It's like parole officers, you know, huge caseload. And they didn't know. So God knows what they were reporting back. assuming that that report ever got back to anyone who mattered in the first place. From a Jewish point of view, Orchansky actually arrives at conclusion similar to those of the inspectors. Leasing a farm and employing wage earners encounters more sympathy among the Jews than the passage in all regards difficult to agricultural honor. We note a growing tendency for Jews engaged in rural activity to exercise it first and foremost by leasing land, and using it through the assistance of wage earners.

In New Russia, the failures of Jewish agriculture stemmed from their lack of accustomed to physical labor and the profits they derive from urban trades in southern Russia. But also to emphasize the fact that in a given colony, the Jews had built a synagogue with their own hands and that in others maintained vegetable gardens with their own hands. Nevertheless, numerous reports of the inspectors agreed that in the foresearchs, and in these model colonies, as in the past, the standard of living of the settlers, their activities, and their enterprises were well behind those of the peasants of the crowned or landowners. In the province of Kersan in 1845, among the Jewish settlers, the farms are in a very

unsatisfactory state. Most of these settlers are very poor. They dread the work of the land, and few cultivate it properly also. Even in years of good harvest, they obtain only low yields. in the plots the soil is hardly stirred. Women and children hardly work the land, and a lot of 30 hectares is barely enough for their daily subsistence. The example of the German settlers is followed only by a very small number of Jewish residents. Most of them show a clear aversion to agriculture, and they comply with the demands of the authorities, only to receive a passport that allows them to go. They leave a lot of land in fallow, work the land, only in certain places, according to the goodwill of each one. They treat the cattle with too much

negligence, harassed the horses until they die, nourish them little, especially on the days of the Sabbath. They milk delicate cows of the German race at any hour of the day so that they no longer give milk. Jews were provided free fruit trees, but they did not plan orchards. Houses had been built in advance for them. Some were elegant, very dry and warm, solid. In other places, they had been poorly constructed and expensive, but even where they had been built reliably with good quality materials, the negligence of the Jews, their inability to keep their lodgings in good conditions, had led them to such a state of degradation that they could no longer be inhabited without urgent repairs. They were invaded by humility, which led to their decay

and favored diseases. Many houses were abandoned. Others were occupied by several families at the same time, without there being any kinship between them, and in view of the impetuous character of these people and their propensity to quarrels, such cohabitation gave rise to endless complaints. I can only imagine. I think they were doing very well, at least the elite. I don't know if they didn't really create their own new cahal, but they certainly imitated it in one way or another.

I think they were always on the move. I think everything was in cash. they never declared any of it not that they had a tax like that but you know taxes weren't based on that but they never declared any of their cash that they got from their border smuggling whatever it is

you know I think they were constantly circulating like they always do maybe no doubt taking advantage of the of the non-Jews in the area I don't know you know I think maybe they stuck the

poor Jews in some of these houses, but you notice how they say they built a synagogue with their own hands. The minute it comes to something that clearly is a part of Jewish life in exile, they're going to do what I'm sure it was perfect.

But anything else, anything that may improve the land that belongs to the Goyam for now, absolutely under no circumstances. And you think of it, the Soviet Union, the Bolshevik revolution is what you got when these people took over the government this mentality then took over a state

a few generations from now the mentality hadn't changed most of the early Bolsheviks were from the pale of settlement they were from the upper upper merchant classes as always fairly well long this mentality took over the government in 1918 responsibility for unpreparedness for this large migration is evident to both parties poor coordination and delays in the administration's actions here and there the development

of the houses poorly guarded left much to be desired giving rise to many abuses and waste this led to the transfer of several officials and trials for some of them but in the jewish villages the elders also reluctantly controlled the careless ones whose farm and equipment deteriorated. Hence, the appointment of supervisors chosen among retired non-commissioned officers whom the Jews got drunk and coaxed with bribes. Hence, also the impossibility of levying royalties on the settlers, either on account of indigence. In every community, there were only about 10 farmers who were barely capable of paying for themselves, or because of the natural inclination of the Jews to evade their payment. Over the years, arrears only increased

and they were given again and again without requiring any reimbursement. For each day of absence without authorization, the settler paid only one coppec, which hardly weighed on him, and he easily compensated for it with the gains he made in the city. By way of comparison in the villages of Melamede received from 3,000 to 10,000 rubles per year, and in parallel to the Melamid, there had been an attempt to introduce into the colonies, in addition to the usage of the Jewish language, a general education based on Russian and arithmetic, but simple people had little confidence in the educational institutions founded by the government. It became more and more indisputable that the model colonies so ardently desired by Kisleev were just a dream.

But while curbing in 1849, the sending of new families, he did not lose hope and affirmed again in 1852 in one of his resolutions. the more arduous an affair, the more one must be firm and not be discouraged by the first lack of success. Until then, the curator was not the true leader of the colony. He sometimes had to put up with the mockery and insolence of the settlers who understood very well that he had no power over them. He was entitled only to advise them. More than once, due to the exasperation provoked by failures, projects had been proposed, which would have consisted in giving the settlers compulsory lessons in such a way that they would have to put them into practice within a period of two or three days with a verification of results, to deprive them of the free

disposal of their land, to radically eliminate leave of absence, and even to introduce punishments, up to 30 lashes the first time, double in case of recidivism, then prison, and depending on the seriousness of the offense, enlistment in the army. Nicotin asserts that this project of instruction, as soon as it was known, exerted such terror upon the Jewish cultivators that they redoubled their efforts and hastened to procure cattle to furnish themselves with agricultural tools and showed an astonishing zeal in the work of the fields and the care taken to their house. But Kislyev, yeah, it's amazing.

But Kislyev gave his approval to a watered down project, 1853. Quote, the lessons must correspond perfectly to the capacity. and experience of those for whom they are intended. The instructor responsible for organizing agricultural work can deviate from it only in the sense of a reduction in tasks, and for the first offense, no punishment, for the second and third, 10 to 20 lashes, no more. Enlistment in the Army was never applied. No one has ever been made a soldier for his failings at work, and in 1860, the act was definitively repealed. let us not forget that we were still in the age of serfdom, but half a century after the

conscientious attempts of the government to entice the Jews to produce productive labor on virgin lands, the outlines of the village at Arakiov began to appear. It is astonishing that the imperial power did not understand at this stage, the sterility of the measures taken, the desperate character of this whole enterprise of returning to to the land. Furthermore, the process was not over. Yeah, in other words, no one had, no one had learned their lesson at this point. They kept coming up with fixes and bandage for this, and it simply, you know, it just wasn't going to happen. On the other hand, you see it from the government's point of view, they

take a huge swath of land at the end of the 18th century, former Polish Empire that has all these Jews on it, what do they do with them? They can't leave things as is, which was the whole point of the Dershavin Committee before, and he showed them that this is unrest and a massive debt and their oligarchy is going to take over.

This is how they are. They're taking advantage of them, promoting alcoholism and God knows what else, prostitution. So we can't leave it as it is. So what do we do? There was no conception of anything like, you know, resettlement. Resettlement, I guess, is as close as you can get to a solution. But when you think about resettling, you can't just throw them somewhere.

They have to, you know, they're humanitarian people. The Jews wouldn't do this for us. But they have to, you know, have some kind of an agenda. Okay, we're going to resettle you, but where and how? so they were in a terrible position I mean I know we kind of make fun of it and all this and I'm sure and Solzhenitsyn does too

a lot of people I'm sure at the time not to mention the fact that you got plenty of elites plenty of non-Jewish elites in the process that were in business with the Jews and profiting from the Jews so the government regardless of its intentions was in a bad position

what do we do with these people and I think that explains at least part of the absurdity here that yes we want you out of you know away from um non-jews as much as possible but you know we have to have an agenda here you have to become something else because wherever you go it's going to end up being this terrible mithostasis where people are being hurt and i think that's that's what they realized that they were they had so few options um that this was really all they could think of they couldn't let things as they were they had this this alien group of people all of a sudden

they didn't know what to do with them and and these they're just thrashing around for something as a solution to the problem because because you know and and i think i think they knew they were slowly learning what this jewish mentality was what the talmud was and how it affected their behavior but well what does that mean what are we going to do with these people And I think that was the battle that Russian elites at the time had with themselves. Yeah, I think one of the main takeaways to today, well, besides the obvious one, is going to be throughout this whole thing that having, when you have a culture and a coherent culture and you introduce something from outside it, a culture from outside it, it's just not going to work and it's going to disrupt and it's going it's going to be a cancer and that is you don't have to hate the other culture you just have to realize that that's

exactly what is going to happen unless you have people who are of a common culture obviously you have Germans living in in southern Russia and they're fitting in quite well well there's I mean, we're talking about the same section of the world, and we're talking about, you know, people who have something in common. But then you introduce a foreign entity to it and to an organism, let's call a culture an organism, and the organism immediately starts to weaken and die. It's not just a foreign culture. I mean, that's bad enough. But a culture that is fundamental premise is hostile to a Christian empire.

their maccvalianism is about bringing you down. It's bringing in, and that's why the cancer example is a good one. Because it's not just something foreign, but it's a, or maybe a virus, be another one, but something inherently hostile to you. They would, in order for them to go along with what this program is, they would have to cease being Jews. Forcible conversion is out of the question. Orthodoxy could never accept that.

That never works. And the Jews know how to deal with that too when it occurred in Spain. Nothing is working here. And that's and that is, it's very frustrating because this has been the case and this is the case in Germany.

This is a case in parts of France. And in England, you see what happened. They were allowed to take over. and the Rothschild dynasty by now had ruled Britain and they had a Jewish prime minister, roughly, you know, a bit later with, with Israel. He had converted, but, so this is, yeah, you're absolutely right. They were, they were really stuck. Yeah, and the, I think people just really need to understand that that is, the whole point is, is that what you said it's not just another culture it's a culture that right from the day

you're born you're not only told that you're the chosen people and that this is beneath you and that is beneath you but also that these Christians want to kill you and that I mean you want to talk about a perfect recipe for the most insane level of narcissism you could think of is somebody who is chosen, the chosen of God and the elite of human beings on the planet, not even humans, above humans. And then everybody else wants to kill, you know, but everybody's going to try and kill you. I mean... Because they're animals.

Yeah. I mean, this is insane. It's insane to think that they, you know, white Christian Europeans are very open and have a genuine nature of wanting to do for other people. That's easily taken advantage of. And I think if you really look throughout history, you know, especially the last 2,000 years, and then you take into consideration just, those white Christian Europeans who would invite them in just so that they can make a little

money. I mean, it's a disaster. I mean, my friend Thomas once said that when Jews went to Catholic Spain, how they just didn't just start killing each other, like from day one, there's no understanding. You can't understand how that didn't happen other than the Catholics were just naive naive but you don't have any experience with it

you know I grew up in an area that was largely divided between Jews and Italians in Union County New Jersey I grew up and I saw some of this mentality I saw not only the divisions

within or among Jews themselves but how power was wielded they kind of had this contract Italians would get this sector the Jews would get this sector, cops, judges, lawyers, bankers. I don't think it's like that anymore, but when I was a kid, that's what I saw. And so I have, even as a kid, I had some experience with this.

But when you live in a very healthy, more or less homogenous environment, and this shows up with big smiles, hey, it's Jerry Seinfeld, you know, and money that they're willing to lend you at low rates, oh, come on. these are good folks They go to a different church than we do But you know As E Michael Jones So Michael Collins Piper

They all said the same thing There is no Judaism As we know it today Without Christ They are a negation Their job is to negate logos They exist as a negative And as Willis Carter always used to say

If they weren't taking advantage of us and fighting us they'd be killing each other and sometimes they kill each other anyway if you know the history of the Satmar Hasidics in Brooklyn you know they're always fighting and it's usually pretty vicious they hate each other

but with us they always have this external enemy to to a rally behind but the level of control of media and information you know the world the European world was infinitely healthier

at this period of time than where we live and Jews have completely reformatted the mentality of Western man and now the default settings are this capitalist individualist mentality and

it's going to take a massive collapse for anything to change as much as painful as that would be that's what it's going to take. But in the meantime, yeah, there's me and you and people who help us and our friends. And that's a lot to carry around. It's a responsibility. I take it very seriously.

Yeah, amen. All right. Everyone go over to the show notes, wherever the video is. I have hot links there. And please contribute to Dr. Johnson. Keep him going. Keep his research going. Keep his work going.

Go buy his books and visit his website, listen to Radio Albion, where he broadcasts every week. Thank you, Dr. Johnson, and we'll be back in a few days. Yep. Talk to you soon, my friend. Thank you. Bye-bye. I want to welcome everyone back to Part 12 of our reading of 200 years together by Alexander Solzhenycin. Dr. Johnson, how are you doing today? I got a new laser pointer for my six cats, so we're having a great time.

I'm in a very, very good mood. That's awesome. They always think they're going to catch it. It has different shapes and colors. They're, yeah, but I actually have to get work done, so, you know, that could be a problem. I have one that's just really concentrated on an Amazon box lately. Well, that makes sense. Yeah, we want to get rid of it, but he seems to really love it, so.

Yeah, I would not. I would not do that. All right, page 62, going to start reading, stop me whenever. After the introduction of compulsory military service, alarming rumors spread among the Jewish population, announcing a new and terrible legislation prepared especially by the Jewish committee. But in 1835, a general regulation concerning the Jews was finally promulgated intended to replace that of 1860s. and as the Jewish encyclopedia discreetly notes, it imposed no new limitations on the Jews. If we want to know more, this new regulation preserved for Jews, preserve for Jews the right

to acquire all kinds of immovable property excluding inhabited areas to conduct all kinds of commerce on an equal footing with other subjects, but only within the pale of settlement. These regulations of 1835 confirm the protection of all the rights recognized to the Jewish faith, introduced distinctions for the rabbis, conferring on them the rights granted to the merchants of the First Guild, established a reasonable age to marry, 18 and 16 years old, adapted measures to ensure that the Jewish attire did not differ too much and did not cut off the Jews from the surrounding population, oriented the Jews towards means of earning their livelihood through productive labor, which prohibited only the sale of spirits on credit or secured on domestic

effects, authorize all kinds of industrial activities, including the renting of distilleries. To have Christians in their service was forbidden only for regular employment, but authorized for short-term work without the time limits being specified, and for work in factories and factories, as well as as an aid in the work of the fields, gardens, and vegetable gardens, which sounded like a mockery of the very idea of Jewish agriculture. The regulations of 1835 called upon Jewish youth to educate itself. It did not restrict Jewish enrollment to secondary schools or university. Jews who had received the rank of doctor in any discipline once recognized, not without

formalities, of their distinguished qualities, were indicted. title to enter in the service of the state. Jewish doctors already enjoyed this, right? With regard to local government, the regulation abrogated the previous limitations from now on Jews could hold office in local councils, magistrates, and municipalities under the same conditions as if members of other fates had been elected to office. It is true that some local authorities, particularly in Lithuania, objected to this provision in certain circumstances. The mayor has to lead his citizens to church. How could a Jew do it? Also, can a Jew sit among the judges when the oath is sworn on the cross? In the face of these strong observations, a decree in 1836 stipulated that in the Western provinces, the Jews could occupy in the magistrate and municipalities only one-third of the positions. Finally, with regard to the thorny economic problem inherent in Jewish border smuggling, which was so detrimental to the interests of the state, the regulation permitted the Jews already residing there to remain there, but prohibited any new installments.

You know, the Russian Empire physically and in terms of its population, was very large. You have all kinds of minorities throughout. You had Buddhists in the Far East. You had plenty of Muslims in the South. You had Germans all over the place who became very important in the administration. And overwhelmingly, these... people were or eventually became loyal and patriotic supporters of the of the state despite their differences in in religion no other group got the attention that these Jews received

and you know Nicholas knew that he's not dealing with just a separate group of people but a very different type the church I think had always known what they were working with. But when I read something like the short-term contracts without any time limit, I say to myself when I first read this, they still don't get it. Because when you allow a loophole like that, it's going to be exploited. Chances are it wouldn't be exploited by Russians or Ukrainians, but it will be exploited by the Jews. Essentially, the Jews here got everything that they wanted.

The fact that they had to limit local government to a third is interesting because the assumption here is that they would just manipulate themselves into these positions, changing their names very possibly, learning Russian, which would be interesting, and spending a fortune to take over. these restrictions such as they were they didn't come from nothing and that's the key issue when you're trying to debate someone about this especially someone who's never heard any of this stuff before they act like this stuff was just dumped on them

for no clear reason blind hate or whatever stupid thing that they say these kind of regulations are written in blood and when you start talking about smuggling now you're talking about international relations and Jews are internationalist body by the very structure

and you have an officially very orthodox state structure having Jews I mean it was he they were able to work with Muslims I mean even even Nicholas II was supportive of this they took their oath on the on the Quran I don't know if you could just pile up all the all the all the books of the the the Talmud for them to swear on but everyone knew

that this was an extremely different circumstance the Muslims the Buddhists they weren't orthodox

but they didn't despise orthodoxy in fact they had been allies sometimes very close allies for a long time this was a

completely different story with the Jews but when I see these things I'm I still I get

frustrated retroactively because they still don't get it. But if you were to read the Jewish literature on Russia today they will deny all of this and they'll say, Nicholas just wanted to destroy Jews and Judaism for no other reason than

blind hate or to distract from something whatever nonsense they say. I don't even think 1918 I don't even think there they fully grasped it. I think the fully understanding the Jewish issue is for weirdos like us who do this stuff full-time and who have great teachers, you know, the Michael Hoffman's, the E. Michael Jones, etc., to fully get it.

These people were, despite everything, you know, bureaucrats or intellectuals, and they had to work with these people. I don't have to do that anymore. and we're very independent, which is why we're very fearsome. But these questions here, you know, how could you do these things that a politician would have to do in a very Christian country? I mean, Christian, not even Orthodox in certain places. But the fact that it was a hostile minority and a hostile minority with a lot of money that had tight control over, you know, the British politics at this point, We'll see when the Crimean War, how bad that got.

It's just not a, you know, they can't, they can't treat Jews like they did Muslims or Buddhists. It's a completely different group of people. And sometimes it just doesn't penetrate. For a state that still maintain millions of its subjects in serfdom, all that has just been mentioned might not appear as a system of cruel restraints. During the examination of the regulation before the Council of State, the discussions concern the possibility of allowing the Jews free access to the internal provinces of Great Russia, and the opinions expressed on this subject were as numerous as they were varied. Some argue that to admit the Jews to settle in the central provinces, they had to

be able to justify certain moral qualities and a sufficient level of education. Others replied that Jews can be of great use because of their commercial and industrial activity, and that competition cannot be prevented by prohibiting anybody from residing and practicing commerce. It is necessary to raise the problem, plainly put, can the Jews be tolerated in this country? If one considers that they cannot do be so, then all must be cast out, rather than leave this category in the midst of the nation in a situation likely to engender in them continuous discontent and grumbles. And if it is necessary to tolerate their practice,

in this country, then it is important to free them from any limitations placed on their rights. Now, I don't understand, I mean, he's summarizing opinions, and I'm sure there were many elite opinions on the issue. I don't know how that follows. There needed to be limitations because of how Jews functioned and how radically different it was than any European Christian people of any kind. That's why these regulations came into existence. But what they say here, okay, casting them out, of course, is probably impossible. It would be extremely difficult. And you don't want an enemy like that. You're going to get that enemy anyway. And you'll certainly will have Britain to contend with. They were so dominant in the West. Maybe at some level, that

was probably their only option at the time, but then they're going to be cast out to somewhere. There's going to be someone's problem. But the very fact that that question was asked, can they be tolerated? Keep in mind that the things that they do, the constant profit seeking, speculation, manipulating markets, competition, the general store rather than just being specialized in one thing underselling because they already had quite a bit of money low rates because I had access to far more

liquidity than anyone else and then of course raised them later on all of this was at one time just the province of the Jews no one else was doing that the use of the law the manipulation of the law to get what they want no one was prepared for this

Russians were not doing this and we take that kind of thing for granted today but no one was acting like this at the time so it didn't take them long to take over and so casting out I don't know how that would even go they've been expelled in many many places over the centuries

but with Britain firmly under the Rothschild control I don't know what the outcome of that would have been moreover the archaic Polish privileges abandoned by the Russian state since the time of Catherine, which granted urban communities the power to introduce restrictions on the right of residents for the Jews, reappeared with further acuteness in Vilnius first than in Kiev. In Vilnius, the Jews were forbidden to settle in certain parts of the city.

In Kiev, the local merchants were indignant that the Jews, to the great displeasure of everyone, engaged in commerce and business between the walls of the monasteries of Peshik. that they take over all commercial establishments in Peshirek and exclude trade Christians. They urge the Governor General to obtain a ban on the Jews to live permanently in Kiev. Only a few categories of individuals would be able to go there for a determined period of time. As always in such circumstances, the government was obliged to postpone on several occasions the deadline set for their expulsion. The discussions went back to the dictatorial committee, the directorial committee, divided the Council of State into two equal camps, but under the terms of regulation,

under the terms of the regulation of 1835, Nicholas confirmed the expulsion of the Jews from Kiev. However, shortly after, certain categories of Jews were again allowed to reside temporarily in Kiev, but why were Jews so lucky in commercial competition? Often they sold at lower prices than Christians, consenting themselves with a lesser profit than the Christians demanded, but in some cases their merchandise was deemed to have come from smuggling, and the governor of Kiev, who had taken the defense of the Jews, remarked that if Christians were willing to take the trouble, they could oust the Jews without these coercive measures.

Thus, in Belarus, the Jews had the right to reside only in the towns. In little Russia, they could live everywhere, with the exception of Kiev in certain villages. In New Russia, in all inhabited places, with the exception of Nikolaev and Nicariev and, of Estabal, military ports from which the Jews had been banned for reasons related with the security of the state. I guess the only real option that Nicholas had at the time was a humane expulsion like the transfer agreement where they could maintain their, you know, keep their

property and everything else. And, you know, the where they would end up would be up to them, but it's not going to be in the Russian Empire. I guess as difficult as that would be, I think that probably was their only option at the time. If he could expel Jews from Kiev, he can expel them from the empire as a whole. Again, that would be very difficult to pull off. But I think that's really the only possible solution, some kind of a transfer agreement.

But Zionists, to the extent they existed at all at this point, were very few. And, you know, like Hitler was able to work with them in that regard, but there was no one to work with here. So I don't know how that would have, you know, with the place the size of the Russian Empire, I think it would have been very difficult to do, but was their only option. The 1835 regulations allowed merchants and Jewish manufacturers to participate in the main fares of the interior provinces in order to temporarily trade there and granted them the right to sell certain goods outside the pale of settlement. In the same way, artisans were not entirely deprived of access to the central provinces, even if only temporarily. According to the regulation of 1827, the authorities of the provinces outside the pale of settlement

had the right to authorize the Jews to remain there for six months. Hessen points out that the 1835 regulations and subsequent laws extended somewhat for the Jew the possibility of temporarily living outside the pale of settlement, especially since the local authorities turned a blind eye when the Jews bypassed the prohibitions. Leskov confirms in a note he wrote at the request of the governmental committee. In the 40s, the Jews appeared in the villages of Great Russia belonging to the great landowners in order to offer their services. Throughout the year, they rendered timely visits to the lords of their acquaintance, in the neighboring provinces of Great Russia, and everywhere

they traded and tackled work. Not only were the Jews not driven out, they're retained. Usually people welcomed and gave refuge to Jewish artisans. Everywhere, the local authorities treated them with kindness for, as for the other inhabitants, the Jews provided important advantages. With the help of interested Christians, the Jews violated the limiting decrees, and the authorities were in their turn incited to derogate from the laws. In the provinces of Central Russia, it was decided to fix fines to be imposed on the owners who let the Jews settle in their home. This is how led by conservative more specifically religious considerations of not wanting fusion between Christians and Jews,

the authorities of the Russian state, faced with the economic push to detracted Jews beyond the palest settlement, were unable either to make a clear decision or to clearly apply it in practice. As for the dynamic and enterprising character of the Jews, it suffered from too much territorial concentration and too strong internal competition. It was natural for them to overflow as widely as possible. As Roshanski observed, the more of the Jews are scattered among the Christian population, the higher is their standard of living. But it would be hard to deny that even in its official perimeter, the pale of settlement for Jews in Russia was very large. In addition to what had been inherited from the dense Jewish grouping in Poland, the provinces of Vilnius,

Grodna, Kaunas, Vitebsk, Minsk, Mogilev, Volina, Padolsk, and Kiev, in addition to Poland and Kornland, were added the vast and fertile provinces of Pultava, Icarina Slav. It's a big place. It's a big place. Yeah. In West Vermont, we get it. Altogether larger than any state or even group of European states, a short time later from 1804 to the mid-30.

the rich provinces of Estrakhan and Astrakhan and Caucasus were added, but the Jews hardly settled there, again in 1884, in 1824 in Austricon, no Jew was registered as taxable. This made 15 provinces within the palest settlement compared with 31 for deep Russia, and few were more populous than the provinces of central Russia. As for the Jews share of the population, it did not exceed that of the Muslims in the provinces of the Urales and Volga. Thus, the density of Jews in the pale of settlement did not result from their number, but rather from the uniformity of their occupations. It was only in the immensity of Russia that such an area might seem cramped. They had privileges in this humongous area and very, you know, wealthy area, because it's essentially borders, central Europe. than anyone else in the Russian Empire at the time

even more so than the noble classes because they still had basically although maybe not written down an obligation to service that Catherine tried to eliminate peasants yes they were guaranteed land they had a completely democratic institution in the commune

but they also had Corvay they had they had duties that you had to do for the not only for the commune but for the landowner only Jews received this level of concern

where now they're allowed to settle in this area this humongous area but the problem is this is exactly where they bordered that they could very easily communicate and smuggle with central

and Western European Jews it was this constant circulation of money and people that made that made them incredibly effective in taking advantage of everyone that they came across but they were a privileged group of people in the Russian Empire period it is objected that the extent of this area was illusory it excluded all zones outside cities and other agglomerations but these spaces were agricultural areas or intended for agriculture and it was understood that this domain accessible to the Jews did not attract them.

Their whole problem was rather how to use these spaces for alcohol trade, which was a deviation. And if the large Jewish mass had not moved from narrow Poland to vast Russia, the very concept of the palest settlement would never have been born. In narrow Poland, the Jews would have lived densely piled up with greater poverty, growing rapidly without carrying out any productive work, 80% of the population practicing petty trade in the dealing of intermediaries. In any case, nowhere in Russian cities were implemented obligatory ghettos for the Jews, as was still known here and there in Europe, if not the suburb of Globovo in Moscow, for those who went there as visitors. Let us remember once more that this palest settlement coexisted for three quarters of a century with the serfdom of the majority of the Russian rural population, and so, by comparison, the weight of these limitations to the freedom of coming and going was somewhat lifted.

In the Russian Empire, many peoples lived by millions in high-density areas within their respective regions. Within the borders of a multinational state, peoples often lived compactly more or less as separate entities. So it was with the example of the Carriites and the Jews of the mountains, the latter having the freedom to choose their place of residence, but which they hardly used. No comparison is possible with the territorial limits, the reserves imposed on the nation. populations of conquered countries by colonizers, Anglo-Saxons or Spanish, who came from elsewhere. It is precisely the absence of a national territory among the Jews, given the dynamism that they displayed in their movements, that their practical sense, their zeal in the

economic sphere, which promised to become imminently an important factor influencing the life of the country as a whole. We can say that it is, on the one hand, the Jewish diaspora need to access all the existing functions, and on the other, the fear of an overflow of their activity which fueled the limiting measures taken by the Russian government. Well, despite the fact that the Kahul system, and it was, you know, the Kahul and its power went back and forth, it was waning, and then it gets stronger, and it really depends on a lot of circumstances. Conscription did a lot of damage to it. But the problem with this concentration is that a very fierce oligarchy would develop.

The cahol, I mean, it's too much to say that it's its sole purpose, but the cahal was a way of keeping poorer Jews from leaving, from becoming a part of Gentile society and converting. And so they had to have this story, which they still tell today, about how evil the Gentiles really are. And everything that they give us is really something evil, something to bait us. Of course, that's, you know, pure projection. So the concentration meant that there would be a very small oligarchy ruling over others, middle and mostly poor Jews.

So the cahal was necessary there, but the cahal was in serious trouble. So, and keeping them from the countryside, I think we've covered this before, but the only reason any Jew ever, ever, ever wanted to live in a rural area at this time was to take advantage of the peasantry, getting them drunk, getting them, you know, addicted to alcohol, and then using that as leverage for everything else. you noticed how one of the limitations was not permitting Jews to sell alcohol on credit or using collateral because this was a very easy way to take over an entire area and maybe in someone else's name but but it was very easy that was the only reason they wanted to be in rural areas they were not farming they were not mechanics they weren't doing anything useful on the whole and the Cahal made certain that that's the case they lived as a parasitic entity overwhelmingly and the Cahal justified this and maintained a unity in a cohesion

which is admirable but ultimately that justified Jewish rule over the area yes as a whole the Jews of Russia turned away from agriculture. In crafts, they were preferably tailors, shoemakers, watchmakers, jewelers. However, despite the constraints imposed by the pale, their productive activity was not limited to these small trades. The Jewish Encyclopedia published before the revolution

writes that for the Jews, before the development of heavy industry, what was most important was the trade of money, irrespective of whether the Jew intervened as a pawn broker or money changer as a farmer of public or private income as tenant or tenant. He was primarily involved in financial transaction. For even in the period of rural economy in Russia, the demand for money was already felt in ever-increasing proportions. Thence, the transfer of Jewish capital into this industry for them to participate in it. Already, under Alexander I, energetic arrangements had been made to encourage the participation of Jews in industry, especially in drapery. It subsequently played an important part in the accumulation of capital in the hands

of the Jews, and then they did not fail to use this capital successfully in factories and plants, mining, transportation, and banking. Thus began the formation of a lower and upper Jewish bourgeoisie. The regulations of 1835 also provided privileges for Jewish manufacturers. By the 40s of the 19th century, the sugar industry had grown considerably in the southwestern provinces. First, the Jewish capitalist began by granting subsidies to the refineries belonging in the landowners, then by assuming their administration, followed by becoming owners, and finally building their own factories. In Ukraine and New Russia, powerful sugar kings, among them Lazare and Lev Brodsky.

Most of these Jewish sugar producers had begun in the distillery of alcohol or as tenants of cabarets. The situation also took place in flour milling. I like this latter paragraph because very briefly it summarizes the process. You know, they had a tremendous amount of liquidity at their disposal. The Jews did. so they can cozy up to the larger landowners and say, I have all this money. Let's expand our operation.

These are sugar beets in Ukraine, overwhelmingly in Ukraine. It was challenging sugar that came from Cuba and Hawaii. And then, of course, since they're forwarding this money and they have all these ideas, how we're going to make the landowner wealthy, which is true. they were they were running it for them but the landowner was going into debt he was already in debt and so sooner or later that debt was used against him the Jews then became the owners of the factory especially over a generation or so and then they built their own and that in one sentence there encapsulates the problem. This had been going on for centuries in Poland.

The administration in Ukraine, you know, they had been working in that part of the world for a long time. The sugar beets were often in places that were under the old Polish Empire. No one even, no one had to move anywhere. And, but that's, you know, this is nothing new. This is a pattern of behavior. Clearly, you know, something planned. something that they understood. They knew how to do extremely well. And landowners thought that they had a friend and a partner, not realizing what was really happening.

Now, the landowners weren't as bad as the Polish landowners were known for wild spending, which they were encouraged to do, not keeping records, the Jews kept records. You know, just allowing, oh, yeah, he'll run it for me. He's my friend.

You know, it's great to have him here. Don't you dare say anything bad about him. now it was a little bit better in Ukraine some of the same families were still there but they were easy to manipulate at least you know most of them and they had empires the Brodsky's and several others even greater than they had under Polish rule and there was a tremendous demand for sugar rather than molasses which was the older variation of it all over Western Europe and North America. So they were making a fortune.

At the time, no contemporary understood or bothered to foresee what power was being accumulated there, material first, then spiritual. Of course, Nicholas I was the first not to see, was the first not to see nor understand. He had too high an opinion of the omnipotence of the imperial power and of the efficiency of military-type administrative methods. But he obstinately desired success in the education of the Jews so that the Jews could overcome their extraneousness in relation to the rest of the population, situation in which he saw a major danger. As early as 1831, he pointed out to the director's committee that among the measures likely to improve the situation of the Jews, special attention should be given to raising them via education, by the creation of factories, the prohibition of precocious marriages, a better organization of the Kaholam, a change in clothing customs, and in 1840, when the committee in charge of identifying measures for a radical transformation of the life of the Jews in Russia was founded, one of the first aims envisaged, by this committee was to promote the moral development of the new generation by the creation of Jewish schools

in a spirit contrary to the Talmudic teaching currently in force. Yeah, good luck. All the progressive Jews at that time also wanted general education. They were only divided on whether to totally exclude the Talmud from the programmer to study it in the upper grades with the illumination of a scientific approach, thus relieved from undesirable, editions. A newly established general education school in Riga was headed by a young graduate of the University of Munich, Max Lillianthal, who inspired to invest himself in the spread of education among Russian Jews. In 1840, he was cordially received in St. Petersburg by the ministers of the

Interior and Education and wrote to the Committee for the Transformation of the Life of the Jews, proposing the project of a consistory and theology seminary with the aim of trading rabbis and teachers, according to pure ethical foundations, as opposed to calcified talmudists. However, before acquiring the essential principles of faith, it would not be permissible to study profane matters. Thus, the ministerial project was modified. The number of hours devoted to the teaching of Jewish matters was increased. Lilienthal also sought to persuade the government to take preventative measures against the Hasidim, but without success, government power wanted a front unifying the various Jewish social milieu who waged war.

Lillianthal, who had developed his school in Riga, with amazing success, was invited by the ministry to visit the provinces of the Pala settlement in order to contribute to the work of education through public meetings and conferences with Jewish personalities. His journey, at least externally, was a great success. As a general rule, he met with little open hostility and seemed to have succeeded in convincing the influential circles of the Jewish world. the enemies of the reform had to express their approval outwardly. But the hidden opposition was, of course, very important.

And when school reform was finally applied, Lilienthal renounced his mission. In 1844, he left unexpectedly for the United States never to return. His departure from Russia, perhaps a way of escape, remained shrouded in mystery. So there is a scam element to all this. but the very fact that in the upper reaches of the administration in Russia they knew what the Talmud was therefore

they knew what it taught at least in the most general sense so there's no excuse I mean the dumb Americans you know have no idea what the Talmud is or the Zohar or anything else like that couldn't talk about it at any level and even if they heard about it

would just run away and pretend they never heard it but there's no excuse like that here now it seems that the spread of education that that slogan may have been an anti-talmudic statement but you can approach the talmud in two different ways you can be like the like the orthodox in in jerusalem today who don't work who do nothing but study these huge volumes or without really knowing that much about it literally, you could have that anti-Gentile mentality without even knowing that much about it. Sometimes when I'm writing, I use the phrase Talmudic mentality. It's the general tenor of what someone who follows that, generally especially, you know, the book of the

Sanhedron and a few others, what kind of personality that's going to create, which of course is an awful one. But for someone like Lingenthal, and there's some literature on him, and there's some literature on him. You can't go to the academics because they're terrified and it's overwhelmingly Jews who write on him anyway. What aspects of it he renounced and why and why he disappeared, all this stuff. I mean, we don't have time to get into the literature on this, but there's an element of just taking advantage of the administration or could be even more sinister than that where he simply, you know, he wasn't going to go up against them anymore. But the important thing to know is that Russian government knew what the Talmud was, knew what it created, and still, you know, not understanding the fact that without the Talmud and that mentality, there is no Jews.

There are no Jews. You have a handful of Karaits, mountain Jews living in the old, where the Khazars were. but outside and they had no usually they had no problem when Jews were expelled from a place that referred only to Talmudis Karaits or Samaritans or all these other

they were not affected so it is the Talmud that creates this this philanthropic personality of course the Hasidics were more into the Zohar and things like that but that just became a right and left of the Jewish mind

which is largely one and the same today Lillianthal is one of these people we keep talking about these enlightened Jews from the West well he's one of them but you can't have a Jew

in any of our normal senses of the term without the Talmud the two are the two are one and the same and the Talmud creates a mentality where all of these reforms are going to fail you don't even have

to have access to the text of the Talmud to be Talmudic. You just have to develop that very anti-Gentile, they're all-goyem kind of mentality and cohesion amongst other Jews and only amongst other Jews to have that mentality. You don't have to know, you know, chapter and verse. And those are two very different conceptions. Whether that was fully understood at the time, I don't know. but in one way or the other

this was a Talmudic movement and trying to pretend that you can kind of get rid of it and create a normal person it's silly thus under Nicholas I not only did the authorities not oppose the assimilation of the Jews

but rather they called for it however the Jewish masses who remained under the influence of the Kahal feared constraining measures in the religious fear and so did not lend themselves to it Nevertheless, school reform did begin in 1844, despite the extreme resistance of the leaders of the Caholam, and although in creating these Jewish schools, there was no attempt to reduce the number of Jews in general schools.

On the contrary, it was pointed out that they should, as before, be open to the Jews. Two kinds of Jewish public schools were created, modeled on Jewish elementary schools in Austria, two years corresponding to Russian parish schools, and four years corresponding to district schools. Only Jewish disciplines were taught by Jewish and Hebrew teachers. The others were given by Russian teachers. As Lev Ditch, a frenzied revolutionary admits the crowned monster ordered them Jewish children to learn Russian. As for many years, these schools were led by Christians and were only led by Jews much later. Faithful to traditional Judaism, having learned or overshadowed the secret objective of Uvorov,

of Education, the majority of the Jewish population saw in these government measures of education a means of persecution like the others, said Uvroff, who for his part sought to bring the Jews closer to the Christian population by eradicating prejudices inspired by the precepts of the Talmud, wanted to exclude the latter entirely from the education system, considering it as an anti-Christian compendium. Continuing for many years to distrust the Russian authorities, the Jewish population turned away from these schools and fueling a real phobia of them, just as the population sought to escape conscription, it distrusted these schools fearing to leave their children in these homes of free

thinking. Well-off Jewish families often sent to public schools, not their own offspring, but those of the poor. Thus was entrusted to a public school, P.B. Axelrod, he then went on to college and then obtained broad political notoriety as Plekenev and Deich's companion in the struggle with the liberation of labor. If in 1855, only the duly registered header had 70,000 Jewish children, the public schools of both types received only 3,200. If you read the Jewish encyclopedia on these matters, especially more recent additions, they'll take all of this as an extreme form of persecution, the fact that they had to learn

Russian, the fact that they had the Goyim as teachers. This is no different than, you know, forcing them into a burning building. But again, Yov, who of course

is quite infamous among the Jews, who understood far better than most did at the time, was doing everything he could to separate them from the Talmud, but ultimately that's a doomed enterprise. I mean, if war's came to absolute worse, they had the money

to bribe people, they can get out of it. And again, as we said 100 times before, keeping track of them, who's who, who lives where is extremely difficult. The Talmud anchored them to the Kahalim or any other community they may happen to be in. And now we're in the era, and we mentioned

the liberation of labor, we're starting the era of open, mostly Jewish political terrorism. claiming to be in favor of labor, the peasants, of course, is nonsense in trying to weaken, bring down or punish the emperor of Rome, you know, whoever is in power at the time.

We know that they eventually murdered Zor Alexander II sometime later. This fear of public education was perpetrated, was perpetuated for a long time in Jewish service, In this way, Deich remembers the 60s, not the middle of nowhere, but in Kiev. I remember the time when my countrymen considered it a sin to learn Russian and only tolerated its use in relations with the G. A. G. Sliusberg remembers that until the 70s, entering college was regarded as betrayal of the essence of Jewishness, the college uniform being a sign of

apostasy. Between Jews and Christians, there was an abyss which only a few Jews could cross, and only in the great cities where Jewish public opinion did not paralyze the will of all. Young people attached to Jewish traditions. Young people attached to Jewish traditions did not aspire to study in Russian universities, although the final diploma, according to the recruitment law of 1827, dispensed one of military service for life. However, Hessen points out that among Russian Jews belonging to the most affluent circles, the spontaneous desire to integrate the public schools, was growing.

There's one very important thing to keep in mind. That attitude towards education can only exist in the Jewish mind when you have a very healthy Christian society. In other words, going into an education, you know, a university, whatever, with a strong sense of both ethnic and religious identity, you can't manipulate them very well. you may hear their apologetics and be affected by it. Now, no one worries about that today in the Jewish world because there is no identity.

Nothing is healthy. They could run into take over a place in a very short period of time just with a handful of them. Russia at the time was far healthier than anything that came later on, much healthier than Britain and France at the time, and certainly Britain. and so, and that's why they're very harsh, harsh language. They couldn't simply walk into a room and take over just because they're Jews.

Only when that was broken down gradually over time, then they didn't care about this. It really wasn't even assimilation anymore. And one of the key factors in that was Freemasonry. He adds that in Jewish public schools, not only the Christian supermarkets, intendants, but the majority of Jewish teachers who taught the Jewish disciplines in the German language were far from the required level. Thus, in parallel with the establishment of these public schools, it was decided to organize a graduate school intended for the training of teachers to form better educated rabbis capable of acting progressively on the Jewish masses. Rabbinic schools of

this type were founded in Vilnius and Zyotemir. Despite their shortcomings, these schools were of some use, according to the testimony of the liberal J. Hessan, the rising generation was familiarizing itself with the Russian language and its grammar. The revolutionary Mr. Kroll was of the same opinion, but he also condemned the government unreservedly. The laws of Nicholas I, instituting primary public schools and rabbinic schools were reactionary and hostile to the Jews. Schools, willingly or unwillingly, allowed a small number of Jewish children to learn secular education. As for the enlightened intellectuals, Damasculum, and those who now despised the superstitions of the masses, they had no place to go, according to Kroll, and remained strangers among their own.

Nevertheless, this evolution played an enormous role in the spiritual awakening of Russian Jews during the second half of the 19th century, even if Damasculum, who wanted to enlighten, who wanted to enlighten the Jewish masses, met with the fierce opposition of fanatical Jewish believers who saw in profane science and alienation of the devil. In 1850, a kind of superstructure was created, an institute of Jewish scholars, as well as a consulting inspectorate among the heads of the academies.

Those who came from the newly created rabbinical schools occupied in 1857 the functions of public rabbis, elected unwillingly by their community, their designation was subject to the approval of the authorities of their province. but their responsibility remain purely administrative. The Jewish communities regarded them as ignoramus in the Hebrew sciences, and the traditional rabbis were maintained as genuine, spiritual rabbis. Numerous graduates or rabbinic schools found no positions, neither as rabbis nor teachers,

pursued their studies at university, then became doctors and lawyers. Jews, you know, in no way, because of the contradictions of their very existence that we spoke about, I was talking about it since the beginning in no way could they ever be satisfied with anything. They're not really supposed to be where they are, but their cohesion makes it impossible to govern them. Under Nicholas, you had a massive increase in money for education all across the board.

No one got the attention that the Jews did. I mean, certainly at this level of specificity was out of the question. A lot of this stuff was being done in orthodox institutions too. Remember, at this point, in the 18th century, the monarchy reduced monasticism to a shadow of its former self.

So regular seminaries then kind of took over. The seminaries in Orthodoxy, they were taught in Latin, especially in the 18th century under both Peter and Catherine. So you had the same phenomenon happening with the Orthodox as well. And, of course, that's completely, you know, lost on the Jews. But being a state within a state, even if that were permitted, would still lead to nothing but trouble and complaints. See, we're looking at a situation where even the tiniest attempt of a goy to legislate

on behalf of Jews is seen as the worst possible. form of persecution and there's this constant this hysterical reaction to things and you're right this is where the left came from this is where the you know if you look at the as I've said this before and I've written on it endlessly the biographies of the top 10% of the leading Bolsheviks even prior to the to the war came precisely. from this. It came from these half-enlightened Jews from the upper classes

who pretended to speak for labor or the peasantry. And every one of them, these Jewish leftist groups use violence and terrorism. Terrorism, of course, was fully acceptable to them because they're going. This is the only thing they're good for.

So you're starting to see the beginning because of their awful persecution the connection between Jews and the left including the far left in Russian society and it's going to lead to the deaths of tens of millions

Nicholas I did not release his pressure to regulate the internal life of the Jewish community the Cahal who already possessed an immense power over the community grew even stronger from the moment conscription was introduced. It was given the right to give for recruitment at any moment every Jew who did not pay his royalties, who had no fixed abode or committed intolerable misdemeanors in Jewish society, and it used this right for the benefit of the rich.

All this nourished the indignation of the masses towards the rulers of the Caholam and became one of the causes of the irredeemable, irremediable, decline of the Kahal. Thus, in 1844, the Kahalam were dissolved everywhere, and their functions were transmitted to municipalities and town halls. In other words, urban Jewish communities found themselves subject to the uniform legislation of the state, but this reform was not completed either. The collection of the arduous and evanescent arrears and the lifting of the recruits were again entrusted to the Jewish community, whose recruiters and tax collectors were substituted for the ancients of the Caholam. As for the registration of Burtz and thus the

counting of the population, they remained in the hands of the rabbis. So as the Cahal declined because of things like this, they couldn't control information forever. It just meant that the surrounding society needed to be infiltrated or at an absolute minimum, their basic defenses broken down. You're already seeing legislation to limit their numbers on, I don't know, local government. All of these, by the way, were Democratic elected positions at the time in Russia. So this is a huge, this is a watershed for Jewish life. The Kahul, you know, essentially destroyed itself with policies like this that we've been talking about. You know, justifying the tremendous wealth of the few, sending

guys I don't like to the army and of course they all claim that you know the government did this not not the Jews themselves but as the Cahal declined it just meant that again through Freemasonry

if they're going to be under what they consider the rule of the Goyam they have to at least control it but as of right now the Jews were completely self-governing no other group was like that I mean it was a self the empire was a self-governing collection

of nations and religions but nothing like this nothing with the power and the wealth of the Caholam but where the rabbis thought that the breakdown of that system would be a bad thing they'd all become Russians which is the worst thing

imaginable no they eventually just used that they had the same cohesion and allowed it to infect and eventually destroy the society around them. And that's what we're looking at. This is the transition right here.

We're at a point where they're going to start talking about internal tax collection. So I think we should break here and finish the chapter on the next episode. That sounds good to me. All right. As I do every time, I encourage people to go over and look in the show notes of these episodes. And there are links to where you can support Dr. Johnson's work. And you can support my work. Those links are there, too.

So, yeah, do that, please. And we'll be back in a couple days to finish up this chapter. Thank you so much, Dr. Johnson. I'll talk to you in a few days, my friend. Yes, sir. Thank you. Bye-bye. Bye.

I want to welcome everyone back to part 13 of our reading of 200 years together by Alexander Solzhenyson. How are you doing today, Dr. Johnson? Well, we have snow on the ground again. I'm very pleased. Things are going as well as they could be under these circumstances, but let's get going, my friend. All right, let's do it. All right, picking up where we left off last time. The government of Nicholas also took a position on the inextricable problem of the internal tax collection of Jewish communities. First of all, on the so-called casket, indirect tax on the consumption of kosher meat.

A provision of 1844 specified that part of the proceeds should be used to cover public careers in the community to finance the organization in Jewish schools and to distribute subsidies to Jews who devoted themselves to agriculture. But there was also an unexpected imbruglio. I know how to pronounce that word, but when I look at it, I'm terrible at it. So let me try that. I have a few words like that, too. Yeah, it's all right.

But there was also an unexpected embryo, although the Jews were subject to the capitation on the same basis as the Christian bourgeois, that is, to a direct tax, the Jewish population, thanks to an amount of the casket were, it is to say, in a privileged position to pay the royalty. In fact, from then on, Jews, including the wealthiest, covered by personal payments only an insignificant part of the taxes owed to the tax authorities, turning the balance into arrears. And these never ceased to accumulate. By the mid-50s, they exceeded 8 million rubles. There followed a new imperial decree dictated by exasperation. For every 2,000 rubles of new arrears,

an adult had to be provided as recruit. In 1844, a new and energetic attempt, was made, again aborted, to expel the Jews from the villages. Heson pictorially writes that in Russian laws, designed to normalize the lives of Jews, one hears as a cry of despair, in spite of all its authority, the government fails to extirpate the existence of the Jews from the depths of Russian life. No, the leaders of Russia had not yet realized a full weight and even unassimilability of the immense Jewish legacy received as a gift under the successive divisions of Poland. What to do with this intrinsically resistant and rapidly expanding group in the Russian national body? They could not find reliable rulings and were all the more incapable of foreseeing the future.

The energetic measures of Nicholas I first surged one after the other, but the situation was apparently only getting more complicated. I don't think there's much complicated here. I think the only complication is how the bureaucracy functioned in the different levels and steps they had to go through. But as far as the problem itself, I think it's very simple. I think you have a lot of people, well, you could divide them into two categories, Russian elites, non-Jewish-Russian elites, either they're profiting from this. They're working

with the Jews like the Polish nobles used to do, or they simply don't know. And they think of Jews like a normal group of people, not this Machiavellian cancer in a very Christian society. Expelling the Jews from villages. You know, I thought Russia was this authoritarian bureaucratic behemoth, how are all of these failing? How come they can't, they can't enforce anything? Which shows you, of course, as always, the received knowledge of all Russia's wrong. The bureaucracy was very small relative to Russia's size. It was very small relative to Western Europe.

And I have the feeling that the gahal, which Nicholas will abolish, had the resources to do what it pleased. However, this was going to be, you didn't have a prison system. You didn't have a regular police force in a sense that we use the phrase. Russia was an empire, not a state. You know, again, like you would see in France and Spain today,

it's not what it was. These were all self-governing groups. But none of them took up this much time, none of them took up this much effort, and none of them ever just had one failure after another, after another, after another. And this is not going to end until the revolution. It's going to continuously be this, you know, naivete, this silliness, everything's short of simply deporting them. Of course, they brought in these parts of Poland.

They've been there for a long time. If they couldn't do things like this, I don't know, maybe deporting them was out of the question, but none of this is going to be solved. And while Nicholas may have understood it, as Sultan-Eason says here, the leaders of Russia, still, for one of those two reasons, they don't understand it either. A similar failure, which was escalating, followed Nicholas I in his struggle against the Jewish contrabands at the frontiers. In 1843, he categorically ordered the expulsion of all Jews from a buffer zone of 50 kilometers deep adjacent to Austria and Prussia, in spite of the fact

that, at some frontier customs, the merchants who traded, were practically all Jews. The measure was immediately corrected by numerous exemptions. First, a two-year period was allowed for the sale of the goods, and then the duration was extended, and material assistance was offered to the expellees for their new settlement. Furthermore, they were exempted for five years from all royalties. For several years, the transfer was not even initiated, and soon the government in Nicholas I stopped insisting on the expulsion of the Jews from this border strip of 50 kilometers, which allowed some of them to stay where they lived. It was on this occasion that Nicholas received a new warning of which he did not measure

the extent and the consequences for the whole of Russia. This formidable but very partially enforced measure intended to expel the Jews from the frontier zone, motivated by a contraband which had assumed an extension dangerous to the state, had aroused in Europe such indignation that it may be asked whether it was not this measure that drastically confused European public. opinion with Russia. It may be said that the particular decree of 1843 must date from the very beginning of the era when the Western Jewish world, in the defense of its co-religionist in Russia, began to exert a decisive influence, which from then on would never fall again.

This is a key point. We're getting into the Crimean era here. I've always said that the present war that the West has waged on Russia for at least 15 years it's not another Cold War there were no sanctions in the Soviet Union during the Cold War the U.S. traded and built so much of their economy traded with them

no it is a new Crimean War the Jews were a huge part of that too even this very mild idea of expelling them Because they were a criminal syndicate, all kinds of smuggling of God knows what, over the border with Prussia. Again, apparently very porous border. The people involved were Jewish anyway. And, you know, they were going to be compensated for this expulsion because of the domination, the Jews and France and parts of Germany and, or what will become Germany.

and Britain was able to raise a stink, which then would create a diplomatic issue. This is very important. This may be the first time, or one of the first, for something so minor. Even when Nicholas wants to expel them, for very good reason, from this frontier zone, they don't want their criminal enterprise to be vitiated.

So they had already dominated the money and the press of much of Western Europe and Northern Europe and they said, okay, we'll start an anti-Russian campaign. Now, they've done this many times since, as we all know. Same thing for Germany and everywhere else. And this may be why Nicholas was very, very, and the rest of those ours up until the end, was very worried about doing anything excessive

or severe against Jews because now they're going to have to deal with a Western Europe that Nicholas now has learned is very much under Jewish control at least its media, at least much of its finance, some of its foreign trade. As I've said before, Benjamin's Israeli was a prime minister

at some point in this era, who was a converted Jew, but very much a Jew mentally. So this is somewhat, And Crimea is going to be another one. This is somewhat of a milestone here because Nicholas realizes that their control over the Western, vaguely speaking, Western media is tremendous. And anything they don't like.

They can't control the czar, like the control of the government. They had no control over the Russian banking system, no control over the currency. That was strictly under the monarchy. And that's stuck in their craw. So you're going to see a growing campaign of anti-Russian nonsense in the West. It will culminate in Crimea, but will continue straight up until the backing of the Red Armies, not the White Armies, by the Entente during the Civil War. And this is going to go on because they couldn't control the Tsar of Russia.

And certainly not Nicholas, certainly not Alexander III, certainly not Nicholas a second. They couldn't control them, and therefore there has to be an external force that they were able to mobilize, not just money, but media control. This is extremely important. One of the manifestations of this new attention was the arrival in Russia in 1846 of Sir Moses Montefiore, the bearer of a letter of recommendation from Queen Victoria instructing him to obtain the improvement of the fate of the Jewish population of Russia. He went to... Yeah. Just magic. Snap your fingers.

He went to several cities of high Jewish density, then from England, sent a long letter to the emperor recommending the emancipation of the Jews from all limiting legislation to grant them equal rights with all of their subjects, with the exception of course of the serfs, in the short term, to abolish all constraints in the exercise of the right to settle and circulate between the boundaries of the pale of settlement to allow merchants and craftsmen to visit. of the provinces to allow Christians to be employed in the service of the Jews to restore the cahal. But on the contrary, Nicholas did not relinquish his determination to bring order to the lives of the Jews of Russia. He resembled Peter the Great in his resolution to structure by decree the whole state and the whole of society according to his plan and to reduce the complexity of the society to simple, easily understood categories as Peter had formerly trimmed all that disturbed the

clear configuration of the taxable classes. So, Zarr Nicholas, now, if the media campaign didn't convince him, this visit, Sir Moses, this most certainly convinced him what was going on in Britain.

What is Queen Victoria Care? It was shocking. There's no doubt it was shocking to him. Many within the Russian elite that they dominate the West now. And he was well aware that if they followed the, and this is going to be a constant with Western Europeans despising Russia for their alleged treatment of the Jews. I've seen a few of the newspaper articles from roughly this time period.

And like all journalists, they just make things up. We'll start seeing at the end of the 19th century, the first references to the 6 million. they start 6 million Jews in Ukraine who are going to be killed who are held in prison or something like that and this is going to continue and it's not going to explode literally and figuratively until the end of World War II but that they were so powerful that this was an official visit with a letter from Queen Victoria

to allow the Jews ultimately to dominate your financial system which is what this comes down to Nicholas was well aware First of all, you don't tell a man A very strong will Like Tsar Nicholas had to do something It's very condescending And this condescension is going to always be there

Especially as far as Britain is concerned Britain was never an ally Of Russia despite what was going on in World War I And the limiting legislation Restore the Cajal Clearly this was written by the Jews of Britain you know what would they you know what would they care that gahal was some of the limiting and constraining aspects of of of jewish life in russia

what would they even know about it so clearly this was written by a jewish bank in rostrow whoever and victoria was you know wise to sign it and sent over to russia and this is going to be a constant complaint of the British attack on Russia from here on in for their alleged treatment of the Jews. This had to have been shocking to the Russian elite, and certainly it was to Zahar Nicholas,

that this is the level of domination that the Jews have over British life. This time it was a question of differentiating the Jewish population from the towns, the bourgeois. This project began in 18, when the intention was to go beyond the national and religious singularity of the Jews. They endeavor to study the root of their obstinate isolation in relation to the absence of any productive work in them, their harmful practice of small trades accompanied by all sorts of frauds and tricks.

Regardless, the idleness of many Jews, the government circles blamed it on inveterate habits. They considered that the Jewish mass might have been able to find livelihoods, but tradition refused to exercise certain types of employment. Count Kisley of proposed to the emperor the following measure, without affecting the Jewish merchants, perfectly well-settled, to worry about the so-called bourgeois Jews, more precisely to divide them into two categories, to count in the first those who benefit from goods and a solid sedentary lifestyle, and include in the second, those who are devoid of these factors and set a period of five years for them to be made craftsmen and

workshops or farmers. One regarded as an artisan, the one who enrolled forever in a workshop, as a sedentary bourgeois, one who had enrolled in a workshop for a certain time. As for those who did not fulfill these conditions at the end of the period of five years and remain confined to their former state, they would be considered useless and subjected to military service in a period of work of a particular type. They would be enrolled in the army, those 20 years old and onward, in number three, number three times higher than the standard required, not for the usual 25 years of military service,

but for only 10. And, meanwhile, they would be used in the Army or the Navy by instilling in them, above all, different trades, and then, with their consent, they would make them craftsmen or farmers. In other words, they would be forcefully, forcibly given vocational education, but the government did not have the funds to do so and was considering using the casket tag. as Jewish society could only be interested in this effort to rehabilitate its members through labor. I always recommend E. Michael Jones, one of my great teachers from years ago, in his barren metal. And near the end of that huge book, he explains in detail how so many elements of the British ruling class, he talks about the Churchill's

not just Winston but prior to him their ridiculous level of spending they're gambling just a degenerating aristocracy that was kept to float

by Jewish money specifically the Rothschild family and when you have a lot of British elites when this was the case elsewhere heavily in debt with the Jews keeping them afloat

well this is how you explain this kind of the letter from Queen Elizabeth but I think the best way to understand the Jewish system

I'm going to refer to the Kahal even though it technically is abolished but it's still organized along those lines it is an organized crime syndicate and that's why you know

you have huge numbers of idle Jews who are living very well. Well, how could that be? They're living from smuggling, all kinds of rent-seeking. They use bribery. Everything is done within the family, within the cahal. They're not, for the most part, subject to the external courts. And someone had to have been aware of this.

Nicholas certainly was that you can't have that large number of idle otherwise normal people unless they're getting this income that we don't know about. The Tsar knew somewhat about it because you wouldn't have had them removed from that frontier area. And he was getting progressively more angry, which explains the three times higher than the standard required, even though it was only for for 10 something Europe they're parasites even in the Jewish community

and yet they all have plenty of money you think of an organized crime syndicate I think that makes more sense when you're talking about the Jews in Russia at the time than just one an ethnic minority like you would with anybody else or religious minority that's that's how they function the fact that you had this wealthy minority

that always had tax arrears I'm not sure how they figured that but they were doing everything in their power to avoid the census we've talked about all this before and saw Russia as its enemy and if you're a Jew at this point

and you see everything that the Russian government is trying to do you've got to roll your eyes you know what do we have to do and don't keep in mind also So these are heavily armed. Many of them are well aware of martial arts in Western Europe and Eastern Europe, weaponry and everything else.

They're not this defenseless group of people, and they're able to discipline their own members. I think bribery is a central aspect here, but you have to force a vocational education on a huge number of Jews that don't seem to be doing anything. now they're living off rents they're living off crime that's what the smuggling idea was

you know we're in the same period as the opium wars in China run by the Sassoon family from their opium poppy farms in British India and you know

all of this was just getting started and the Jews were well aware of this huge amount of money that their different communities were making around the world and they had access to all of this power and in the meantime they dominate the state through debt

as well as through media control but the mafia's the same way you have a huge gambling debt with the mafia well they take over your business or a piece of your business and that's how you pay them back and this is slowly but surely it's how the Jews have come to dominate in Britain

and how they came to dominate for a very long time in the Polish Empire. In 1840, Nicholas I gave his approval to the project. The phrase unnecessary Jews was replaced by not performing productive work. All measures to transform the lives of the Jews were reduced to a single decree providing for the following steps. One, regularization of the collection of the casket and suppression of the Kahal. Two, creation of general education schools for Jews. 3. Institution of parochial rabbis.

4. Establishment of the Jews on land belonging to the state for agricultural purposes. 5. Categorization. 6. Prohibition to wear the long garment. Kisley thought of introducing social categorization in a fairly distant future. Nicholas placed it before agriculture, which, for a quarter of a century, had not ceased to be a failure. However, the categorization provided for a period of five years for the choice of occupations, and the measure itself was not announced until 1846, meaning it could not turn into a reality until January 1852. In 1843, the Governor General of New Russia, Count Vorontov rose up against this measure.

He wrote that the occupations of this numerous class of merchants and intermediaries were vilified, and that 80% of the Jewish population was counted as useless elements, which meant that 80% of the Jews were mainly engaged in trade, and Voronsov hoped that, given the vast economic potential in New Russia, any form of constraint could be limited. He did not think it necessary to expel the Jews from the villages, but thought that it was enough to intensify their education. He warned that the categorization would probably arouse indignation in Europe.

it's hard to tell he's if this quote is true now this translate it sounds like a machine translation uh maybe cleaned up a little bit it's old it was long before the machine translations were you know they're they're much better now

because there's some awkwardness here but um i'm not 100% sure that trade was the same thing as you useless in or at least in the monarch's mind um the i don't know he mean he seems to be uh count um bronzov seems to be defending the jews here he was living there of course he's governor general he's appointed uh by petersburg um i don't know enough about him personally to know if he's like the winston churchill who's heavily in debt with i don't know i don't

if that's true or not, but not thinking it necessary to expel the Jews from villages. Well, they were in the rural areas, not because they liked the rural areas, but because, as we said last week, we said before, this was their monopoly on alcohol and the taverns and the prostitution and that kind of social manipulation, the degeneracy that they were promoting wherever they went. you know these places were also you know where you would meet the Jew for um for a loan again very much very organized like very much like a cliche organized crime um but what trade means is very broad I'm not entirely sure what he's talking about here but 80% well I could believe that I think maybe

what he means is that 80% or what the reality is that 80% were living off rents not necessarily trade. You know, let's be careful. The economic conception of rent has nothing to do with like renting an apartment. A rent is when you leverage your position

of power to extract more from someone than they normally would pay. Because you're powerful, you know, it's like if you're a defense lawyer and someone has been accused of a crime and he's running to you,

oh, please get me. me out of this get me out of this i'll pay you anything well and then you gouge him that would be an example of a rent um and this is i think what a lot of uh of the jewish money was was was coming from i don't know if trade and the merchant elements were the same but um if if if the count here is doesn't want them removed from the the village which apparently no matter how many times they tried to do this hasn't worked then maybe he maybe there's more to him than than uh That meets the eye here. But the last thing he says, categorization,

meaning that there is this useless element, 80% roughly, and then those who actually do want to work for a living one way or another, that that's what's going to irritate the Jews in Western Europe, and therefore they were going to use their control over that society to come down on Russia. And again, by now, Tsar Nicholas was well aware of that fact. Scalded, by the way Europe had reacted to the attempt to expel the Jews from the border area. The Russian government drew up a detailed statement of the new measure in 1846.

In Poland, Jews had neither citizenship nor the right to own immovable property, and was therefore restricted to petty trading in the sale of alcohol. Incorporated in Russia, they saw the limits of their residents extended, they received civil rights, access to the class emergence in the cities, the right to own real estate, to enter the category of farmers, the right to education, including access to universities and academies. It must be admitted that the Jews did receive all these rights from the first decades of their presence in the famous prison of the peoples. Nevertheless, a century later, in a collection written by Jewish authors, one finds the following assessment,

quote, when the annexation to Russia of the Polish provinces with their Jewish population, promises were made concerning rights and attempts to realize them. But at the same time, mass expulsions outside villages had begun. Indeed, they had been outlined but were never effective. Double taxation was implemented and to the institution of the Pala settlement was undertaken. If one thinks that this way of exposing history is objective, then one will never reach to truth. Unfortunately, however, the government communique of 1846 pointed out, that the Jews did not take advantage of many of these measures, constantly defying integration with the civil society in which they live, most kept their old way of life, taking advantage

of the work of others, which on all sides legitimately entails the complaints of the inhabitants. For the purpose, it is important to free them from their dependence on the elders of the community, the heirs of the former leaders of the Kahal, to spread education and practical knowledge to the Jewish population, to create Jewish schools of general education, to provide means for their passage to agriculture, to blur the differences of clothing which are unfair to many Jews. As for the government, it esteems itself entitled to hope that the Jews will abandon all their reprehensible ways of living and turn to a truly productive and useful work. Only those who refuse to do so will be subject to incentivize measures for parasitic members affecting and harming it.

So far, this list of things that the monarchs of Russia wanted the Jews to do seems pretty reasonable. It all comes down to not being parasites, maybe working the land. I mean, that's incredibly stupid. But everything else seems very doable and very reasonable. but so far no one has got the memo that to be a parasite is the only way to be if you're a Jew in a very Christian society you can't help it in any way you can't assist it in any way you have to destroy it in one way or another what happened in with Kimonietzki in 1648 and

many things nothing they never learn it doesn't dawn on them that this is what can happen and of course God knows what they're telling the British elites at this time. Almost no one over there spoke Russian. In the middle of the 19th century it was very, you know, Russia was just this exotic place. But all of this, all of these reasonable things

are seen and are interpreted both then and now as forms of persecution. In his reply to this text, Montefiari condemned the categorization by insisting that all the misfortune came from the limitations imposed on the free circulation of the Jews and their trade. Nicholas retorted that if the passage of the Jews to productive work was successful, time of itself would gradually mitigate these limitations. He was counting on the possibility of re-education through work, being held in check here and there and elsewhere in his

efforts to transform the way of life of the Jews. He had ambition to break the Jews' tendency to close in on themselves and to solve the problem of their integration with the surrounding population through labor and the problem of labor by drastically reinforced conscription. The reduction of the length of military service for the Jews from 25 to 10 years, and the intention of providing them with vocational training was scarcely clear. What was perceived concretely was the levying of recruits, now proportionately three times more numerous than among Christians. Ten recruits per year per 10,000 male inhabitants, and for Christians, seven recruits per

thousand once every two years. Faced with this increase in recruitment, more people sought to escape. Those who were designated for conscription went into hiding. In retaliation, at the end of 1850, a decree stipulated that all recruits not delivered on time should be compensated by three additional recruits in addition to the defaulter. Now Jewish communities were interested in capturing the fugitives or replacing them with innocent people. In 1853, a decree was issued enabling Jewish communities and private individuals to present as a recruit any person taken without papers. The Jewish communities were seen to have paid takers or snatchers who captured their catch.

They received from the community a receipt attesting that the community had used their services when handing over those who did not respond to the call or who carried expired passports, even if they were from another province or teenagers without a family. I think one of the things that frustrated Nicholas is the, well, from his point of view, loyalty to the Cajal system, that did absolutely nothing,

but exploit and repress poor Jews. Now, they like the recruitment idea. The elders of the Jewish community loved the recruitment idea, Because not only do they get a tax break, you know, I think, what did we say, $2,000 or $4,000 per recruit, but they also can get rid of their troublemaker. And so to run away, to try to escape, they're not running away from the recruiting sergeant, they're running away from other Jews who can't wait to send them off.

And now you have, of course, typical an industry that they've developed to capture them, and to get the rewards for it. So today, they'll say how awful and evil this was, but at the time, that Cahaw couldn't have been happier with it. But that was not enough to compensate for the missing recruits. In 1852, two new decrees were added. The first provided for each recruit,

the first provided for each recruit provided in excess of the quota imposed to relieve the community of 300 rubles of arrears. The second prohibited the concealment of Jews. who evaded military service and demanded a severe punishment for those who had fled conscription. Imposed fines on the communities that had hidden them, and instead of the missing recruits, to enlist their relatives or the community leaders responsible for the delivery of the recruits within the prescribed time limits. Seeking by all means to escape recruitment, many Jews fled abroad and went to other provinces. From then on, the recruitment

gave rise to a real buccanalia, the snatchers became more and more fierce on the contrary, men in good health and capable of working scurried off, went into hiding, and the backlogs of the community grew. The sedentary and productive part uttered protests and demands. If recruitment began to strike to an equal extent the useful elements with those which did not exercise productive work, then the vagabonds will always find means of hiding and all the way to the recruitment would fall in the useful, which would spread among them disorder and the ruin. I think the abolition of the cahal worked against recruitment because the cahal was in charge of sending the recruit to the recruiting sergeant. It was a communal decision.

you know, today they'll make it seem like, you know, the recruiting sergeant came to the area, just grabbed a Jew and left. No, this was up to the community without the legal status. And again, whether or not it still existed just in custom, I don't know, in great detail. But the, what I'm trying to say is breaking that down, eliminated a legal means by which they could take these vagabonds or whatever they are,

get that money. And now if it's over and above the quota, they get more money. And none will satisfy the government. So that's, I think, there's clearly a connection between the abolition of the Ka'am, the one side and the growth of the snatcher industry on the other. The administrative overflows made the absurd. of the situation clear because of the difficulties that ensued. Questions were raised, for example, about the different types of activity.

Are they useful or not? This fired up the St. Petersburg Ministries. The Council of State demanded that the social categorization be delayed so long as the regulations of the workshop. Workshops were not elaborated. The emperor, however, did not want to wait. In 1851, the provisional rules for the categorization of Jews and special rules for Jewish workshops were public. The Jewish population was deeply concerned, but according to the testimony of the governor general of the Southwest, it no longer believed that this categorization would enter into force.

And in fact, it did not take place. The Jewish population was not divided into categories. In 1855, Nicholas I first died suddenly, and categorization was abandoned forever. Remember, this says he died near the end of the Crimean War. which was which was going on the concept of categorization was to enter into force the fact

and then make it public that you have a huge proportion an overwhelming majority of the Jews that were social parasites as far as Russia was concerned that was the fear and that was also the fear that led the protests from Britain and France at the time as well

Throughout the years 1850 to 1855, the sovereign had, on the whole, displayed a limitless sense of pride and self-confidence, accumulating gross blunders which stupidly led us to the Crimean War against the coalition of states before suddenly dying while the conflict was raging. The sudden death of the emperor saved the Jews from a difficult situation, just as they were to be saved a century later by the death of Stalin. Thus ended the first six decades of massive presence of Jews in Russia. It must be acknowledged in neither their level nor their lack of clarity prepared the Russian authorities at that time to face such an ingrained, gnarled, and complex problem. But to put on these Russian leaders the stamp persecutors of Jews amounts to distorting their intentions and compounding their abilities. Now, this is one of the reasons that many, many years ago I ended up specializing in this field

because the lies that were told by Jews and of course those who were attached to them liberals of all stripes were akin to the lies that you hear about the Third Reich anything they could make up anything they wanted and it's going to be believed largely out of ignorance and in the Jewish community I mean

the concept of Rome as I mentioned before this is the third Rome they were doing everything they could to bring it down Rome was the land power based on virtue, extended family, the nation tradition but specifically

the Orthodox tradition the third Rome was the complete opposite the polar opposite of the Babylon where the Jews helped create and the Jews where the Talmud at least at one point came from it's really hard to

add to Solz Nietzsen's conclusion you know it was a total lack of clarity they were not ready for any of this the problem was way beyond them um and i think we realize there's a whole bunch of reasons why expulsion was simply out of the question but it's very easy in the face of massive public ignorance including in the academy and elsewhere that you could just call them the worst you know, anti-Semites in the world, rather than the truth, which is they continued the tradition of Khazaria. And it's that both ferocious and parasitic nature of that empire, wherever they went, especially in Eastern Europe and especially in Russia.

All right. Well, that's a natural end. We're coming up to Chapter 4 here. So this will be a short one, and we'll be back to start Chapter 4 in a couple days. As I always do, I want to encourage everyone to go to the show notes of this episode, anywhere, the video, any podcast feed, and there will be ways there that you can support the work of Dr. Johnson, and please do. And I appreciate all you. So far, the feedback on this has been phenomenal, Dr. Johnson.

People are really excited. I think a lot of people have read this. but your commentary is opening their eyes to so much more than just what the words on the paper tell us. I'm gratified. I've seen some of that, too. Yeah, I'm doing my best, and I think this was an excellent project, however long this is going to be. Take care, Dr. Johnson. Bye, bye. I want to welcome everyone back to part 14 of our reading of 200 years together by Alexander Solzheny Sidd. How are you doing today, Dr. Johnson?

I'm doing very well. I'm in a pretty good mood. Things are settling down around here. And things are getting even more interesting in this book. Yeah. So I'm going to start reading Chapter 4, and we'll jump in. We'll see how far we get. Chapter 4, during the period of reforms.

At the moment of the ascension of Alexander II to the throne, the peasant question in Russia had been overripe for a century and demanded immediate resolution. Thus suddenly, then suddenly, the Jewish question surfaced and demanded a no less urgent solution as well. In Russia, the Jewish question was not as ancient as a deep-rooted and barbaric institution of serfdom, and up to this time it did not seem to loom so large in the country. Yet henceforth, for the rest of the 19th century, and right to the very year of 1970, in the state Duma, the Jewish and the peasant questions would cross over and over again. They would contend with each other and thus become intertwined in their competing destiny.

Alexander II had taken the throne during the difficult impasse of the Crimean War against the United Europe. This situation demanded a difficult decision whether to hold out or to surrender. Upon his ascension, voices were immediately raised in defense of the Jewish population. After several weeks, His Majesty gave orders to make the Jews equal with the rest of the population in respect to military duty and to end acceptance of underage recruits. Soon after the skill category draft of Jewish Philistines was canceled, this meant that all classes of the Jewish population were made equal with respect to compulsory military. service. This decision was confirmed in the coronation manifesto of 1856. Jewish recruits of the same

age and qualities, which are defined for recruits from their population groups, are to be admitted while acceptance of underage Jewish recruits was to be abolished. Right then, the institution of military cantonists was also completely abolished. Jewish cantonists, who were younger than 20 years of age, were returned to their parents, even if they already had been turned into soldiers. Well, we're getting into a watershed element, a huge division in Russian history. We're getting into the era when Zionism, even before Theodore Herschel, was developing. And the first major work came out before Hurtzell in 1882. The Lovers of Zion was formed near the end of Alexander the

second frame but fring the serfs which was um it was actually metropolitan saint philoret who wrote that decree um philera of moscow canonized not that long ago um was another a ginormous uh division and of course it it empowered the jewish commune created uh an elected county government with an upper and lower house and it's surprising that the Jewish encyclopedia really at least the more recent editions really seems to love

Alexander they don't love Alexander the third who is one of my favorite czars of all time but this is also difficult because the Crimean War now I have a lengthy paper out

it was the cover story the Barnes Review five, six years ago that was not a defeat for Russia. Russia was taking on all of Europe. The European armies were exhausted. They didn't achieve what they wanted to achieve. And I think that the war currently,

the Russo-Ukrainian War of 2022 is a version of not the Cold War, but of Crimea. because it really is they're not facing each other directly through a proxy but everything else is is very much the same we also are starting to see um around the time the the search were freed violent jewish terrorists forming and um now and and the that group although i don't believe the the people who killed him he was murdered, 1881, I don't think he was Jew, as far as I know, but the organization, according to Ticomito, he used to be a member of that organization, was very Jewish, and generally unpopular within the population. So things are moving very quickly.

Politics is taking on a more modern tone. But I also want to make it clear that the impetus for the freeing of the sers, which only effect, you know, the state search have been freed by Nicholas, the Crowns have been freed by Nicholas, if not before. So you're talking about maybe 35% of the peasant population were freed and joined to their communes, which they were a part of anyway, right up until the early 20th century. This is why we can say that peasants owned the land You did not have huge landlords in Russia Like you did elsewhere Whether it be communal or individual By the time of World War I

The overwhelming majority The land was under peasant ownership A lot of action was taken by Alexander III To make sure that an oligarchy didn't form Because it's always been the war in Russia between monarchy in the one hand and oligarchs on the other. But I think it's because Alexander III had turned on the Jews with some good reason.

Comparing Alexander II with Alexander III is one of the reasons why the former gets such very good press among the Jews. Generally speaking, mainstream Jewish opinion loves Alexander, and we're starting to see a little bit as to why that is. The lower ranks who had served out their full term and their descendants received the right to live anywhere on the territory of the Russian Empire. They usually settled where they terminated their service. They could settle permanently and had often become the founders of the new Jewish communities. In a twist of fate and a historical punishment, Russia and the Romanov dynasty got Yaakov Svdorf from the descendants of one such Cantonese settler.

By the same manifesto, by the same manifesto, the Jewish population was forgiven all considerable-backed taxes for previous years. Yet already in the course of the next five years, new tax liabilities accumulated amounting to 22% of the total expected tax sum. I'm shocked. Yeah, yeah, well. More broadly, Alexander II expressed his intention to resolve the Jewish, question and in the most favorable manner. For this, the approach to the question was changed drastically. If during the reign of Nicholas I, the government saw its task as first reforming the Jewish in our life, gradually clearing it out through productive work and education with

consequent removal of administrative restrictions, then during the reign of Alexander II, the policy was the opposite. To begin with the intention of integrating this population with the native inhabitants of the country, as it stated in the Imperial Decree of 1856. So the government had begun, began quick removal of external constraints and restrictions, not looking for possible inner causes of Jewish seclusion and morbidity, thereby hoped that all the remaining problems would then solve themselves. Yeah, and that's a brilliant way to put it. We talked about Dershavin and that first committee to looking, looking into the Jewish

question under Azar Paul and he laid it out in great detail as to why the peasants hated the Jews and he was

a neutral figure Jewish behavior was absolutely indefensible they manipulated them they treated them like Goyam which is no huge shock

they manipulated not only peasants but the elites they came into ownership of land maybe not in their own name through debt methods of competition

we've been through all this extreme maccabellian competition in the one hand and equally extreme ethnic exclusiveness and cohesion on the other hand meant that any

liberation of the Jews meant Jewish domination and we'll by now if you've been listening and you don't know why that is and I can't help you but problems would solve themselves

keep in mind that this was a very wealthy part of the empire and it's going to continue to be and continue to grow right up until the war the Jews that claim that the pogroms were instigated by the state of its nonsense

they hated any concept of instability this is why the Dershaven committee and the committees after were called in the first place they don't want to upset this apple car they're making a tremendous amount of money from. So on the one hand, they have this new commercial source of income. On the other, they have millions of Jews.

And the problem, of course, did not solve itself. And everything that people like Alexander III had said was going to happen, happen. It was a disaster for Russia. but also keep in mind that never was the currency placed under the hands of Jewish bankers which was one of the many reasons Rothschild and Sassoon's hated Russia so much this point early in his reign at the end of the Crimean War this is where you get this vehement Anglo-Judeic hatred for Russia that you still have today rewriting the Bible so so they called him

they called the emperor Zargog trying to connect Russia with Gog and Magog. And you have Protestants doing that today. It got started during the Crimean War. The propaganda and propaganda was still fairly new phenomenon.

The British press and French press was going crazy about how savage the Russians are. So many of those prejudices started precisely at this era. And one of the things that the Anglo-French mentality was elite was pushing was that well they they hate Jews they're savages um they're a threat to western civilization these kind of things and um uh so and that never went away and so uh this was this was the

begin this is one of the reasons i say this is a huge watershed moment this period of time in the early reign of alexander the second um things were going i mean russia was doing extremely well and will continue to do extremely well right up until World War I growing very quickly both in terms of industry and everything else and population

which threatened the British to a lesser extent the French. Any alliance with the Germans especially after unification was something that terrified the British and that's the origin of World War I.

So Russia was both hated, misunderstood stood and also seen as a terrible threat to Western interests, and the Jews were at the center of that. To this end, still another committee for arranging the Jewish way of life was established in 1856. This was already the seventh committee on Jewish affairs, but by no means the last. Its chairman, the above mentioned Count Kisley, have reported to his majesty that the goal of integrating Jews with the general population is hindered by various temporary restrictions, which when considered in the context of general laws,

contained many contradictions and beget bewilderment. In response, His Majesty ordered a revision of all existing statutes on Jews to harmonize them with the general strategy directed toward integration of this people with the native inhabitants to the extent afforded by the moral condition of Jews, that is, the fanaticism and economic harmfulness ascribed to them. somehow the elite thought and Alexander thought that if we eliminate

restrictions things like the pale of settlement etc that they're eventually going to become Russian just like us they may be Jews but they're still they're just going to be like any other minority

and after all that we've read all that we know all that we've learned Russians still at least certain Russian and Alexander didn't comprehend that that was simply not going to happen No, not for nothing, had Herzen struggled with Kolokal or Balinski or Ganowski or Gogol, for although not having such goals, the latter acted in the same direction as the former three did.

Under the shell of the austere reign of Nicholas I, the demand for decisive reforms and the will for them, and the people to implement them were building up. And astonishingly, new projects were taken by the educated high governmental dignitaries, more enthusiastically than by educated public in general. And this immediately impacted the Jewish question. Time after time, the ministers of internal affairs, first Lanskoy and then Valuv and the governor's general of the Western and Southwestern Cry, administrative divisions of Tsarist Russia,

shared their suggestions with His Majesty who was quite interested in them. Partial improvements in the legal situation of the Jews was an actual by the government on its own initiative, yet under direct supervision of by his majesty. These changes went along with the general liberating reforms, which affected Jews as well as the rest of the population. In 1858, Novoros Sisk, Governor General Struganoff suggested immediate, instant, and complete equalization of the Jews in all rights. But the committee, now under the chairmanship of Blutov, stopped short, finding itself unprepared for such a measure. In 1859, it pointed out for comparison that while the Western European Jews began sending their children to public schools at the first invitation of the government, more or less turning themselves to useful occupations, the Russian government had to wrestle with Jewish prejudices and fanaticism.

Therefore, making Jews equal in rights with the native inhabitants cannot happen in any other way. than a gradual change, following the spread of true enlightenment among them, changes in their inner life, and turning their activity toward useful occupations. Yeah, good luck. The committee also developed arguments against equal rights. It suggested that the question being considered was not so much a Jewish question as it was a Russian one, that it would be precipitous to grant equal rights to Jews before raising the educational and cultural level of Russian population whose dark masses would not be able to

defend themselves in the face of the economic pressure of Jewish solidarity, that Jews hardly aspire toward integration with the rest of the citizens of the country, that they strive toward achieving all civil rights while retaining their isolation and cohesion which Russians do not possess among themselves. That's an excellent summary of the problem. It's this particular commitment, of the argument because these these people were actually there they went and interviewed people and collected data just like der javen did um and you know stroganov comes from one of the wealthy as most powerful families in the russian empire they still a household name um had

tremendous business dealings with them but um uh you can't have you know a condition of serfdom which really came down to communal self-rule the peasants and a guarantee of land and taxes were paid in kind to the landlord but that was that was done communally it was an extremely democratic institution now that landlord connection was gone and they took over the land

so the commune became more and more sophisticated as did the peasants but given the newness of that circle circumstance. Throwing them up against the Jews was very ill-advised. And everything that this committee is saying here is correct in every way. And there's no doubt in my mind that members of this committee saw how they had taken over in Britain and parts of France and did not want that happening in Russia. however these voices did not attain influence one after another restrictions have been removed in 1859 the prohibition of 1835 was removed it had forbidden the jews to take a lease or manage populated landowners lands and thus the right to rule over the peasants though that prohibition was in some cases secretly violated although after 1861 lands were lands remaining in the property of landowners were not formally populated.

The new changes were aimed to make it easier for landowners to turn for help to Jews if necessary in case of in the minorial economy, but also in order to somewhat widen the restricted field of economic activity of the Jews. Now the Jews could lease these lands and settle on them though they could not buy them. Meanwhile, in the Southwestern Cray, capital that could be turned to the purchase of land was concentrated in the hands of some Jews. Yet the Jews refused to credit landowners against security of the estate because estates could not be purchased by Jews. Soon afterwards, Jews were granted the right to buy land from landowners inside the pale of settlement. With development of railroads and steamships, Jewish business

such as keeping of inns and postal stations had declined. In addition, because of new liberal customs tariffs introduced in 1857 and 1868, which lowered customs duties on goods imported into Russia, profits on contraband trade had immediately and sharply decreased. Well, that's not going to affect them excessively. They simply moved to other areas. the line that you've read, and of course Olsen-Etson is putting this as a quote very much on purpose to make it easier for landowners to turn

for help to doves if necessary in ending serfdom and empowering the peasant commune certain landlords took a loss and that was compensated for by the state but this was still a new situation

for landowners too. And again, the Jews were very eager to take advantage of that. They were even less prepared than the Polish landowners of centuries earlier. Every landowner ended up in a very short period of time in debt to the Jews and is one of the main reasons for the penetration of leftist ideas amongst the elite, the Orthodox elite, Orthodox landowners, is reflected in Russian literature all over the place by this, well, shortly after this period of time, and the decline of the nobility in general in Russia. In 1861, the prohibition on Jews to acquire exclusive rights to some sources of revenue from estates was abolished. In the same year, the systems of tax farming and wine farming

were abolished. This was a huge blow to a major Jewish enterprise. Among Jews, tax collector, and contractor were synonyms for wealth. Now Orshanski writes, they could just dream about the time of the Crimean War when contractors made millions, thanks to the flexible conscience and peculiar view of the Treasury in certain circles. Thousands of views lived and got rich under the beneficial wing of tax farming. Now the interests of the state had begun to be enforced and contracts had become much less profitable. And trading in spirits had become far less profitable than under the tax

farming system. However, as the excise was introduced in the wine industry in place of the wine farming industry, no special restrictions were laid on Jews, and so now they could sell and rent distillation factories on a common basis in the Pala Settlement provinces. And they had so successfully exercised this right to rent and purchase over the next two decades that by the 1880s, between 32% and 76% of all distillation factories in the Jewish Pala settlement belonged to Jews, and almost all of them fell under a category of major enterprise. By 1872, 89% of the distillation factories in the Southwestern Krai were rented by Jews. From 1863, Jews were permitted to run desolation in western and eastern Siberia,

for the most remarkable specialists in the desolation industry almost exclusively came from among the Jews, and from 1865, the Jewish distillers were permitted to reside everywhere. Well, it's common to hear that Jews couldn't own land. They could within the pale of settlement, but they also could outside of the pale of settlement. It's just that they couldn't have it in their name. There's a million different scams they could use to own it. This is what happened when someone defaulted on their debts, which was all the time. this was one positive thing about serfdom is that peasant land couldn't be taken by the Jews for debt after liberation and the empowerment of the peasant commune that was also legally connected that belonged to them in perpetuity until the reforms of Stolipin and Vita later on

But they had protections of keeping peasant land, at least, away from a Jewish control. But there were still plenty of land owned by landowners. And this, in one way or another, came under the control of Jews all over Russia. I mean, remember, the pale of settlement, this was a ginormous area, it's a huge area. This is where Jews were settling anyway. It's where they had lived for a very long time. So just because one area isn't profitable anymore Doesn't mean they can't find it

You know, we talked about the sugar beet industry Which was also enormous in Ukraine Which is also at least partly if not mostly Jewish So they were able simply to move into other Other areas of exploitation And did very well Whether in or out of the Pala settlement Regarding the spirit's trades, trade in the villages, about one-third of the whole Jewish population of the pale lived in the villages at the start of the 1880s, with two or three families in each village as remnants of the Korsimstvo from Tabor.

Okay. An official government report of 1870 stated that the drinking business in the Western Kray is almost exclusively concentrated in the hands of the Jews. and the abuses encountered in these institutions exceeds any bounds of tolerance. Thus, it was demanded of Jews to carry on the drinking business only from their own homes. The logic of this demand was explained by G.B. Sliersburg, in the villages of Little Russia, Ukraine, that is, outside of the legal limits of the Polish autonomy, the landowners did not have the right to carry on trade in spirits, and this meant that the Jews could not buy spirits from landowners for resale. Yet at the same time, the Jews might not buy even.

in a small plot of peasant land. Therefore, the Jews rented peasant homes and conducted the drinking business from them. When such trade was also permitted, the prohibition was often evaded by using a front business. A dummy patent on a spirit's business was issued to a Christian, to which a Jews supposedly only served as an attendant. This is what I was trying to say before. We've mentioned the problems of enforcement early on and certainly in the modern era and that

didn't go away. Of course, Soviets had no problem with it, but that was a very, very different system, but they had a thousand different ways to own things, control things, to exploit things that maybe technically they weren't allowed to do.

They were able to manipulate every loophole and even if they couldn't, they had the money to bribe people. They had the money. They had people like struggling enough who were, you know, serving their interests. There were so many weapons that they had at their disposal. And, of course, none of it was in the interest of Russians. Also, the punitive clause, as it is worded in the Jewish Encyclopedia, that is, a punishment accompanying the prohibition against Jews hiring a Christian as a personal servant, was repealed in 1865 as incompatible with the general spirit of the official policy of tolerance.

And so, from the end of the 1860s, many Jewish families began to hire Christian servants. Unfortunately, it is so typical for many scholars studying the history of Jewry and Russia to disregard hard-won victories. If yesterday all strength and attention were focused on the fight for some civil right and today that right is attained, then very quickly afterwards the victory is considered a trifle. There was so much said about the double tax on the Jews as though it existed for centuries and not for a few very short years, and even then it was never really enforced in practice. The law of 1835, which was at the time greeted by Jews with a sense of relief, was at the threshold of the 20th century dubbed by S. Dubnoff as a charter of arbitrariness.

So the future revolutionary, Leo Deutsch, who in the 1860s was a young and still faithful subject, it looked like the administration did not strictly enforce some essential restrictions on the rights of Jews. They turned a blind eye to violations. In general, the life of Jews in Russia in the 60s was not bad. Among my Jewish peers, I did not see anyone suffering from depression, despondence, or estrangement as a result of oppression by their Jewish mates. But then he suddenly recollects his revolutionary duty and calls everything given to the Jews

during the reign of Alexander I. As, in essence, insignificant alleviations. And without losing a beat, mentions the crimes of Alexander II, although in his opinion, the Tsar shouldn't have been killed. And from the middle of the 20th century, it already looks like for the whole of the 19th century that various committees and commissions were being created for a review of Jewish legal restrictions, and they came to the conclusion that the existing legal restrictions did not achieve their aims

and should be abolished, yet not a single one of the projects worked out by the committees was implemented. It's interesting that he brings this up because someone listening may ask of all the people for a mostly Jewish organization to murder Alexander II seems like a very bad candidate and is precisely because things were getting better

it's precisely because peasants were now in control of the land the Tsars right up until Nicholas II were actually delivering what the leftists were only promising and this is why they turned to terrorism

any government of Goyem was legitimate and can be killed and can be destroyed no matter how well the Jews were treated of course this guy is Deutsch is absolutely correct I'm not sure why he was a revolutionary but I like

the psychological thing here we can't praise him too much that doesn't make any sense so now they have to rewrite history and say well these were trifling matters you know if you are part of an organization that commits terrorist acts

like these Jewish leftists were the second half of the 19th and early 20th centuries you have to justify it you have to paint your opponent in the worst possible colors and assuming you're in a sociopath you have to do that

or else you're going to be incognitive dissonance which can be very painful so even the good things that the monarchs did had to be erased or reinterpreted but you know keep in mind no other minorities not even the old believers, were given this level of attention, this level of subsidy, this level of indulgence, as the Jews were.

The listeners should rewind the last two minutes and listen to that again, and then do it again, and listen to that again. It's rid of forgotten and no toast made. After the first Jewish reforms by Alexander II, the existence of the palest settlement had become the most. painful issue. Once a hope about a possibility of future state reforms had emerged, and first harbingers of expected renewal of public life had barely appeared, the Jewish intelligentsia began contemplating the daring step of raising the question of abolishing the Jewish pale of settlement altogether. Yet still fresh in the Jewish memory was the idea of selectivity, to impose additional obligations on non-permanently settled and unproductive Jews. And so in 1856, an idea,

to petition His Majesty appeared in the social strata of Jewish merchants, citizens of St. Petersburg, and out of towners, who, by their social standing and by the nature of their activity, more closely interacted with the central authorities. The petition asked His Majesty not to give privileges to the whole Jewish population, but only to certain categories, to the young generation raised in the spirit and under the supervision of the government, to the upper merchant class and to the good craftsmen who earned their bread

by the sweat of their brow so that they would be distinguished by the government with more rights than those who still exhibited nothing special about their good intentions, usefulness, and industriousness. Our petition is so that the merciful monarch

distinguishing wheat from chaff would be kindly disposed to grant several, however modest privileges to the worthy and cultivated among us thus encouraging good and praiseworthy actions. Even in all their excited hopes, they could not even imagine how quickly the changes in the position of the Jews would be implemented in practice. Already in 1862, some of the authors of this petition would ask about extending equal rights to all who graduated from secondary educational institutions.

For the grammar school graduates, of course, must be considered people with a European education. This is a bit of a mystery This petition doesn't make a whole lot of sense The distinctions that they're making We talked about categorization Last time and the time before I think Deciding who is Working by the Sweat of their brow

And who isn't especially given You know the difficulty of tracking Jews at the time Anywhere It's going to be very difficult There is a scam element in here and you know that there's this sliding scale of rights that somehow the state should should offer that you know this is exceptionally complex and probably impossible but the last thing any government wants to do that goes for today too is to raise expectations beyond what the government can deliver this is one of the reasons that revolutions tend to occur when things are getting better not when they're at their lowest point And so I'm, you know, this is, there's, there's a mentality I don't fully understand. But what we're talking about here is your distinctions that the state, and really most people couldn't make, we're still in an era, as we talked about last time, where something like 85% of the Jews were quote unquote unproductive, meaning that they lived through rents, through, through usury, through crime in one way or another.

I don't know how that percentage changed over time, but it was a small minority of Jews that worked by the sweat of their brow. And yes, in principle, the Tsar did not mind violations of the laws concerning the Jewish palace settlement in favor of individual groups of the Jewish population. In 1859, Jewish merchants of the First Guild were granted the right of residency in all of Russia and the second guild in Kiev from 1861, and also for all three guilds in Nikilev, Sevastopol, and Yalta, with the right of arranging manufacturing businesses, contracts, and acquiring real estate.

Earlier, doctors and holders of master's degrees in science had already enjoyed the right of universal residency, including the right to occupy posts and government service. Here we should note a professor of medicine, G.A. Zakarian, who in the future would produce the fatal judgment about the illness of Alexander III. From 1861, this right was granted to candidates of universities, that is, simply to university graduates, and also to persons of free professions. The pale of settlement restrictions were now lifted even from the persons desiring to obtain higher education, namely to persons entering medical academies, universities, and technical

institutes. Then, as a result of petitions from individual ministers, governors, and influential Jewish merchants, from 1865, the whole territory of Russia, including St. Petersburg, was open to Jewish artisans, though only for the period of actual professional activity. The notion of artisans was then widened to include all kinds of technicians, such as typesetters and typographic workers. The simple idea is that they want to reward Jews who get, you know, basically what we will call a secular or even technical education and end up being useful members of society.

That's what this is all about. Here it is worth keeping in mind that merchants relocated with their clerks, office workers, various assistants and Jewish service personnel, craftsmen, and also with apprentices and pupils. Taken altogether, this already made up a notable stream.

Thus, a Jew with a right of residency outside of the pale, was free to move from the pale, and not only with his family. Yet new relaxations were outpaced by new petitions. In 1861, immediately after granting privileges for the candidates of university, the Governor General of the Southwestern Cray had asked to allow exit from the pale to those who completed state professional schools for the Jews, that is, incomplete high school level establishments. He had vividly described the condition of such graduates. Young people graduating

from such schools find themselves completely cut off from Jewish society. If they do not find occupations, according to their qualifications with their in their own circles, they get accustomed to idleness, and thus, by being unworthy representatives of the profession, they often discredit the prestige of the education in the eyes of people they live among. In that same year, the ministers of internal affairs and education declared in unison that a paramount cause of the disastrous condition of Jews is hidden in the abnormal share of Jews occupied in commerce and industry versus the rest engaged in agriculture, and because of this, the peasant is unavoidably preyed upon by Jews

as if he is obligated to surrender a part of his income to their maintenance. Yet the internal competition between the Jews creates a nearly impossible situation of providing for themselves by legal means, and therefore it is necessary to grant the right of universal residence to merchants of the second and third guilds, and also to graduates of high or equivalent schools. And this problem was engendered by the abolition of the Cahal system. It really, I don't know if it existed maybe just in theory,

but it had been abolished for some time by now. But the phrase abnormal share of Jews occupied in commerce, I don't know what he means by industry. But he's talking about unproductive versus productive. Jews engaging in agriculture were an insignificant minority. So he may well be talking about not just Jews, but everyone engaged in agriculture, not used to this kind of mercenary mindset being taken advantage of by these Jews. In 1862, the Novorosk Governor General again called for complete abolition of the Jewish Pala settlement

by asking to grant the right of universal residency to the entire Jewish people. Targeted permissions for universal residency of certain Jewish groups were being issued at a slower but constant rate. From 1865, acceptance of Jews as military doctors was permitted, and right after that, 1866 to 1867, Jewish doctors were allowed to work in the Ministries of Education and Interior. From 1879, they were permitted to serve as pharmacists and veterinarians, permission was also granted to those preparing for the corresponding type of

activity, and also to midwives and Feltschers, and those desiring to study medical assistant arts. Finally, a decree by the Minister of Internal Affairs Mahjaf was issued allowing residents outside the pale to all those Jews who had already illegally settled there. Here it is appropriate. Go ahead. No, no, it's okay. Go ahead.

Just made me smile. Here it is appropriate to add that in 1860s, Jewish lawyers in the absence of the official bar college during the period were able to get jobs in government service without any difficulties. This just goes to show what I've been saying since we started talking about the pale of settlement. Enforcement really didn't exist. Jews lived and owned things all over the Russian Empire. That's why they eventually give up and say, okay, yet technically they're illegally settled elsewhere. There's nothing we can do about it, so at least now let's legalize it. Relaxations had also affected the Jews living in border regions.

In 1856, when according to the Treaty of Paris, the Russian state boundary retreated close to Kishchev and Ackerman, the Jews were not forced out of this newly formed frontier zone. And in 1858, the decrees of Nicholas I, which directed Jews to abandon the 50-versed It's an obsolete Russian measure. Yeah, yeah. Boundary zone were conclusively repealed. And from 1868, movement of Jews between the Western provinces of Russia and Polish kingdom was allowed, where previously it was formally prohibited. Alongside official relaxations to the legal restrictions, there were also exceptions in loopholes and regulations.

For example, in the capital city of St. Petersburg, despite prohibitions, the Jews all the same settled in for extended times, and with the ascension of Alexander II, the number of Jews in St. Petersburg began to grow quickly. Jewish capitalists emerged who began dedicating significant attention to the organization of the Jewish community there. Baron Gorotsie Ginsburg, for example, El Rosenthal, A. Varshovsky, and others, toward the end of Alexander II's reign, E.A. Parrots, the son of the tax farmer Abram Parrots, became the Russian Secretary of State.

In the 1860, St. Petersburg started to attract quite a few members of the commercial, industrial, and intellectual circles of jewelry. That shouldn't surprise anybody. St. Petersburg was always a very unnatural. It was a Masonic experiment by Peter the Great, who was a Mason. Actually, he was worse than that. The city was literally actually built on the bones of the Kulsak prisoners who were forced to dig it out in this terrible, you know, the marshes of northern Russia. It's a symbolic, the floating city, as it was called. It was extremely decadent, and it was the site of huge disparities in wealth. It was extremely European. It was meant to be European. And this is still kind of in the era where Russian elites wanted to speak French.

Dostoevsky used to make fun of that, you know, because it was just, it was very pretentious and they couldn't do it right. And one of my favorite novels of Dostoevsky is the gambler, which is not read very much. And gambling began to, you know, traveling to Paris and everything began to become very important. very decadent, prostitution was out of control, and it's no shock that Jews were central to a lot of this as time went on and were attracted to this kind of thing. But in that kind of decadence, you can't do better than a Jew. So it's not going to take very long at all for them to concentrate power and control banking at the lower levels. According to the data the Commission for Arranging the Jewish Way of Life, in 1880 to 1881, 6,290 Jews were officially registered in St. Petersburg, while according to other official figures, 8,993, and according to a local census from 1881, there were 16,826 Jews in St. Petersburg, around 2% of the total city population.

In Moscow, in 1856, the obligation of arriving Jewish merchants to exclusively reside in the Globowski quarter was repealed. The Jews were allowed to stay in any part of the city. During the reign of Alexander II, the Jewish population of Moscow grew quickly. By 1880, it was around 16,000. It was a similar situation in Kiev. After 1861, it's really interesting that he doesn't, this isn't Keeve. he's not writing Keeve, something that I never heard until, what, February of 2022? Oh, you mean with the Y?

Yeah. Oh, yeah, that's an, I go out of my way to use this spelling in the Ukrainian lexicon. That is how it's spelled. But over time, it became a Jewish nationalist, sorry, a Ukrainian nationalist idea to spell it that way. so when he was writing he wouldn't use that even some Ukrainian writers don't don't use the Y of course given the war every journalist in the West is using it now

I know professors are forcing their their students to use it all of a sudden it's become very very fashionable but that is you know as Ukrainian language became standardized that's that was the that was the spelling of Kiev, just like, you know, Vlodomir

changed serratically. You know, it's pronounced the same, but it's, they use, you know, there's Y's all over the place. H's replaced G's, you know, things like that. But today, of course, it's fashionable. So, but a Russian back then wouldn't be using it that way at all. And it's, this is, this is a proper spelling for normal people. Yeah, I remember in February, 2022,

going, I don't ever remember in my life eating chicken Keeve. Yeah. All right. Onward. It was a similar situation in Kiev. After 1861, a quick growth of the Jewish population of Kiev had begun, from 1,1862 to 81,000 by 1913. From the 1880s, there was an influx of Jews to Kiev. Despite frequent police roundups, which Kiev was famous for, the number of Jews there considerably exceeded the official figures. By the end of the 19th century, the Jews accounted for 44% of Kiev

merchants. And this became the norm in a lot of places, not just in Russia either, but in Central Europe as well. The dominance of the Rothschild family by this time in France, in Austria, Hungary, and in Britain led to them being, you know, very visible as people who dominate people who are able to dominate finance the guild system part of the reason

the guild system existed is to avoid the methods that the Jews became famous for advertising the concept

of underselling undercutting your competition was unknown the guild system that was completely illegal trying to

manipulate consumers into coming to your place rather than rather than rather than someone else's. The guilds existed to keep that from happening so everyone could have, could make a living. They were a part of the guild system to destroy it, and that's why these numbers were so frightening at the time.

Heson calls the granting of the right of universal residency 1865 to artisans most important. Yet Jews apparently did not hurry to move out of the pale. Well, if it was so overcrowded in there, so constraining and so deprived with respect to markets and earnings, Why then did they make almost no use of the right to leave the Pala settlement? By 1881 and 31 of the interior provinces, Jewish artisans numbered 28,000 altogether, and Jews in general numbered 34,000. Heston explains this paradox in the following way. Prosperous artisans did not need to seek new places, while the destitute did not have the means for the move, and the middle group, which somehow managed from day to day, without a during any particular poverty, feared that after their departure, the elders of their community

would refuse to extend an annual passport to them for tax considerations or even demand that the outgoing parties return home. But one can strongly doubt all the statistics. We have just read that in St. Petersburg alone, there were at least twice as many Jews than according to official data. Could the slow Russian state apparatus really account for the mercury-quick? Jewish population within a definite time and in all places? Why don't we stop here?

Okay. And I'm just going to say it doesn't take many to create the conditions for taking over. I honestly think it was in Jewish interest that they would use intermediaries, that they would own things in someone else's name for the same reason that they change their names, you know, the revolutionary. changed their names to cover up their Jewish identity but when they have substantial numbers

and they're armed and they're extremely cohesive and they're fairly wealthy at least in general it's a completely different story and again pogroms often were started by

revolutionary Jews but there was no distinction between this you know libertarian style capitalism on the one hand and leftist revolution on the other. It essentially was one in the same materialist Darwinian world as far as they're concerned. And they're the ones who introduced it to Russia and to the rest of the world with disastrous results. The only people that seem to benefit are wealthy Jews themselves.

All right. We'll pick up chapter four in a few days. As I always do, I remind you, please go to the show notes. They're under the videos. I have hot links there. Go support Dr. Johnson's work. I think this is invaluable. All the feedback we've gotten on this so far is positive.

There is nothing but high praise for what's being done here. So I do thank you for doing that, Dr. Johnson. Thank you for doing this. All right. I will talk to you very soon, my friend. All right. Talk to you. Take care.

Bye. Bye. Thank you. Bye. I want to welcome everyone back to this is part 15 of our reading of 200 years together by Alexander Solzhenison. How are you doing, Dr. Johnson? I'm joined today by my Turkish angora kitten Chubapurdy, who's next to me on her bed. Now, I say this because she's deaf, like many of the white, blue-eyed versions of that breed.

So she's loud She has no idea how loud she is So she decides to wake up And she's a My God, she plays constantly I've been raising cats my whole life But she is definitely special And I don't mean that in an Olympian kind of a way

I mean she's really very extraordinary But she is loud No problem I was recording with two other gentlemen the other night And all of our all three of our cats wanted in on the recording. So kind of used to it. Well, that's good.

All right. Picking up where we left off. And the growth of the Jewish population of Russia was rapid and confident. In 1864, it amounted to 1.5 million without counting Jews in Poland. And together with Poland in 1850, it was 2,350,000. and in 1860, it was already 3,980,000. From the initial population of around 1 million at the time of the first partitions of Poland to 5,175,000 by the census of 1897, that is, after a century, it grew more than five times.

At the start of the 19th century, Russian jury amounts it to 30% of the world's Jewish population, while in 1880 it was already 51%. This was a major historical event. At the time, its significance was grasped neither by Russian society nor by Russian administration. This fast numerical growth alone, without all other peculiarities of the Jewish question, had already put a huge state problem for Russia. And here it is necessary, as always, in any question, to try to understand both points of view. With such an enormous growth of Russian Jewry, two national needs were classified.

ever more strongly. On one hand, was a need of Jews and a distinct feature of their dynamic 3,000-year existence, to spread and settle as wide as possible among non-Jews, so that a greater number of Jews would be able to engage in manufacturing, commerce, and service intermediaries, and to get involved into the culture of the surrounding population. On the other was the need of Russians, as the government understood it, to have control over their economic and then cultural life and develop it themselves at their own pace. I'm surprised that Solzhenitsyn says their dynamic 3,000-year existence. We know that that's not true.

This is not the same group of people religiously nor ethnically that we call Israelites of the Old Testament. This is, if anything, their very negation, like the Talmud is the negation of the Old Testament. they reject. Don't forget the Talmud has Isaiah and several other prophets in hell because they criticized, they criticized Jewish leadership. In fact, that's all the prophets ever did. I know Isaiah, in fact, I have a citation for that, but the others I'm not sure. They're a negation of everything. So this is very, it's surprising to me that he's saying this, but the population growth. is a big deal. Demographics, and this is why, you know, with Western countries collapsing in terms of population, people are power, and everyone knows that.

One of the reasons that Israel in the Middle East is not a viable option for much longer is that, although the Jewish population is growing, it's not growing nearly as quickly as the Arabs, and the Arabs are much younger than the Jewish population. population. But Schultznyn is right to say that this is a huge problem they can't be isolated for very long

not with these numbers and this is a huge deal and more importantly that I guess when he says a major historical event I guess he means the population growth itself over 100 years

that that itself wasn't fully understood so the solution was going to and we're in an era where Zionism is just starting to gain some traction really after the murder of

of Alexander that you hear about it more in the 1880s but it still is growing especially in secular circles you know you can't say isolated when you have this this many people

and this was both an opportunity and a threat to the Jewish leadership at the time. Let's not forget that simultaneously with all these relief measures for the Jews, the universal liberating reforms of Alexander II were implemented one after another, and so benefiting Jews as well as all other peoples of Russia. For example, in 1863, the capitation tax from the urban population was repealed, which meant that the tax relief for the main part of the Jewish masses, only land taxes remained after that, which were paid from the collected kosher tax. Yet precisely the most important of these Alexandrian reforms, the most historically significant

turning point in the Russian history, the liberation of peasants in the abolition of serfdom in 1861, turned out to be highly unprofitable for Russian Jews and indeed ruinous for many. The general social and economic changes resulted from the abolition of peasant servitude had significantly worsened the material situation of broad Jewish masses during that transitional period. The social change was such that the multi-million disenfranchised and immobile peasant class ceased to exist, reducing the relative advantage of Jewish personal freedom. And the economic change was such that the peasant, liberated from the servitude, was less in need of the services by the Jew,

That is, the peasant was now at liberty from the strict prohibition against trading his products and purchasing goods himself. That is, though anyone other than a pre-assigned middleman in the western provinces, almost always a Jew. And now, as the landowners were deprived of free surf labor in order to not to be ruined, they were compelled to get personally engaged in the economy of their estates, an occupation where earlier Jews played a conspicuous role as renters and middlemen in all. kinds of commercial and manufacturing deals. I do want to disagree somewhat with Solzhen-Etson's assessment here. As we've read about before, the enforcement of laws was really only done by the landlord and his counsel.

The only other check was, you know, the church on the one side, which had been badly weakened at this point in the regional governor. on the other. I don't think that liberated from servitude, he needed to Jew any less. I think very enterprising peasants were selling their products however they needed. Surf labor was not free.

There was investments that were substantial from the landlord or else they couldn't function these were not slaves by any means. And at least some of them, some landowners did get personally engaged. Many of them simply lost their land.

Despite the fact that the government was giving them many incentives, they essentially took a buyout. This is why the peasants ended up running everything. But I don't think the peasants would have ended up running everything if the Jews were capable of functioning legally as full landowners. One of the great victories of the Russian monarchy was that its peasant class was by far the best off financial. and legally than anywhere else. There were landowners, plus they had their communal institutions. The nobility ended up going to the county government or the Zemstva, which was, you know, elected these were all elected positions. And I guess, I guess what he really means here is that there's, he calls it a transitional period, which I guess I understand, you know, one door open another door is going to, one door closes another door is going to open.

And, but again, this really depended on the region, on the estate, on the governor, you know, I know he's speaking very generally, as we historians, you know, have to do. But I think he's overstating the case. Let me put it that one. It's noteworthy that the land credit introduced in those years was displacing the Jew as the financial manager of the menorial economy. The development of consumer and credit associations led to the liberation of people from the tyranny of usury. An intelligent contemporary conveys to us the Jewish mood at the time.

Although access to government service and free professions was open to the Jews, and although the industrial rights of the Jews were broadened, and there were more opportunities for education, and on every corner the rapprochement between the Jewish and Christian population, was visible, and although the remaining restrictions were far from being strictly enforced and the officials now treated the Jewish population with far more respect than before, yet the situation of the Jews in Russia at the present time is very dismal. Not without reason, Jews expressed regret for good old times. Everywhere in the Pala settlement, one could hear the Jewish lamentations

about the past, for under serfdom and extraordinary development of mediation took place. The lazy landowner could not take a step without the Jewish trader or agent, and the browbeaten peasant also could not manage without him. He could only sell the harvest through him, and borrowed from him also. Before the Jewish business class derived the enormous benefit from the helplessness, wastefulness, and impracticality of landowners, but now the landowner had to do everything himself. Although the peasant became less pliant and timid, now he often establishes contacts with wholesale traders himself, and he drinks less, and this naturally has a harmful effect on the trade in spirits, which an enormous number of Jews live on.

The author concludes that the wish that the Jews, as happened in Europe, would side with the productive classes and would not become redundant in the national economy. It's going to have to wait for Alexander III, one of the greatest monarchs, whoever ruled anywhere but he established the peasant land bank and this offered loans at zero interest or minimal interest that was eventually canceled to peasants to buy up land around them and so the most productive within the communal system could still and anything that was lost by the landlord the state was able at least for a while to provide.

So the land went to the commune and they had to pay the peasants had to pay the so-called redemption redemption tax which was eventually to compensate the landowner but that was that was eventually cancelled. In places like Russia with a monarchy like this you can't cancel debt

you can't cancel debt in an oligarchy you can't cancel debt in Western Europe or the U.S. today But if it's canceled, it's canceled, and everyone has to deal with it. And I think that whether or not the landowner was no longer lazy, I think he still needed, to some extent, the Jew or even more, had to, you know, he went up, he ended up in the cities as a, as a professional. You know, this was a steep decline of the noble class, the landowning class, and the peasantry had taken over. I just wonder how much these laments about the past concerned the Cahal, which now was, you know, non-existent than anything else. But again, this was a transitional period.

But as people like Alexander III, who, because he was a very strong monarch, who didn't have to answer to anyone to God, was able to ensure that peasants became landowners, canceling redemption payments, canceling even, the loans that were offered were eventually canceled for the sake of having a prosperous peasant class. And this is why I say that Russian peasants were better off, you know, farmers were better off than any other peasant class in Europe.

Now Jews had begun renting and purchasing land. The Novorosisk Governor General 1869 requested in a staff report to forbid Jews in his region to buy land, as was already prohibited in nine Western provinces. Then in 1872, there was a memorandum by the Governor General of the Southwestern Cray, stating that Jews rent land for agricultural occupations, but only for industrial aims. They hand over the rented lands of peasants, not for money, but for a certain amount of work, which exceeds the value of the usual rent on that land, and thereby they establish a sort of their own form of servitude. And though they undoubtedly reinvigorate the countryside with their capital and commerce, the Governor General

considered concentration of manufacturing agriculture in the same hands, unconduasive, since only under free competition can peasant farms and businesses avoid the burdensome subordination of their work and land to Jewish capital, which is tantamount to their inevitable and impending material and moral perdition. However, thinking to limit the renting of lands to Jews and the Kray, He proposed to give the Jews an opportunity to settle in all of the greater Russian provinces. The memorandum was put forward to the just-created commission for arranging the Jewish way of life, the eighth of the Jewish commissions, according to count, which was then highly sympathetic to the situation of the Jews. It received a negative review, which was later confirmed by the government,

to forbid the Jewish rent of land would be a complete violation. of rights of landowners. Moreover, the interests of the major Jewish renter merged completely with those of other landowners. Well, it is true that the Jewish proletarians group around the major Jewish renters and live off the work and means of the rural population. But the same also happens in the estates managed by the landowners themselves, who to this time cannot manage without the help of the Jews. Which is what I said before. You know, whether the whether serfdom existed or not they still needed Jewish capital because as we all know they had access to a international pool of liquidity which meant that they could offer rates

far lower than anyone else and had access to more money than anyone else but it's it's it's it's just bizarre how they were actually recreating their own form of serfdom here by, you know, the government sent, you know, Jews buy a certain, a chunk of land, and then they rented out to peasants, and they end up being a landlord just like you had before. And this is one of the reasons, this is the reason, in fact, that Jews, you have people like him who were just refusing to allow them to buy land, although the state disagreed, disagreed with it. But you notice something else here. the Jewish proletarians

which of course were many the ethnic connection with other Jews was far more important than anything else you didn't have a strong association between Jewish and non-Jewish landowners you did have of course association between poor Jews and rich Jews

whether it be in land or anything else but they certainly weren't buying or renting land to farm these these poorer Jews were essentially hangers-on and you know essentially one scam after another and it all revolved around their ability to buy land I don't think that the interest of the major Jewish renter merged completely as we read here with those of the other landowners I think you're talking about two different species here in terms of economic thinking However, in the areas inhabited by the Don Cossacks, the energetic and economic advancement of the Jews was restricted by the prohibition of 1880 to own or rent the real estate. The provincial government found that in view of the exclusive situation of the Don province,

the Cossack population, which is obligated to military service to a man, is the only reliable way to save the Cossack economy from ruin to secure the nascent manufacturing and commerce in the area. For a too hasty exploitation of a region's wealth and quick development of industry are usually accompanied by an extremely uneven distribution of capital. and the swift enrichment of some and the impoverishment of others. Meanwhile, the Cossacks must prosper since they carry out their military service on their own horses

and with their own equipment, and thus they had prevented a possible Cossack explosion. If there was any group of people in the Russian Empire who knew the Jews very well would be the Cossacks. These are the people who we spoke of weeks ago. They still spoke of, Kim Mniewski, everything else in their legends in their in their stories uh the only thing that would bring the cost next to ruin is the jewish ability to buy land to lend money and then once the cost

i gets into a certain amount of debt take that they didn't buy land you know it was sold to them because they they had no choice it's like you know an organized crime uh like a gambler you know they had no choice but to but to sell and because they were responsible for producing infantry well not infantry cavalry actually for the

for the Russian Empire they had to do all of this themselves they had to pay for the horse to everything else they had their own special units right up until the end and they still exist today they had their own special units and so they needed an even level

of land ownership of commerce and everything else in order to do that. They had the best horses in the world. They were the best riders in the world. No one denies that. They're still doing it. And that requires capital inputs. Therefore, the Jews would be an utter disaster if they were permitted total freedom

down there in the southern parts where the Cossacks were. So what happened with the conscription of Jews into military service after those Alexandria and relief measures of 1856? For the 1860s, this was to picture. When Jews managed to find out about the impending Imperial Manifest about recruit enrollment before it is officially published, all members of Jewish families fit for military service flee from their homes in all directions. Because of the peculiarities of their faith and the lack of comradeship and the perpetual isolation of the Jewish soldier, the military service for Jews was the most threatening, the most ruinous, and the most burdensome of duties.

Although from 1860, the Jewish service in the guards was permitted, and from 1861, promotions to petty officer ranks and services clerks, there was still no access to officer ranks. Orshansky, a witness of the 1860s, certifies. It is true, there is much data supporting the opinion that in the recent years, the Jews, in fact, had not fulfilled their conscription obligations number-wise. They purchase old recruit discharges and present them to the authorities. Peasants sometimes keep them without knowing their value as far back as from 1812. So now Jewish resourcefulness puts them to use. Or they hire volunteers in place of themselves and pay a certain sum to the treasury. Also, they try to divide their families into smaller units, and by this, each family claims the privilege of the only son.

The only son was exempt from the military service. Yet he notes, all the tricks for avoiding recruitment are similarly encountered among the pure-blooded Russians and provides comparative figures for Ekaterina Slav Gobernia. Orshansky had even expressed surprise that Russian peasants prefer to return to the favorite occupation of the Russian people farming instead of wanting to remain in the highly paid military service. well it's true that kind of draft dodging is going to be found anywhere and at all times in terms of proportion

there is no comparison Jews were absolutely dedicated to not serving in the military whether it's a positive experience or not they they rejected it you know fighting for in their minds fighting for

Amalek is is absolutely out of the question. And of course, they were much better scammers than everybody else. So, yeah, of course, you're going to get draft dodging everywhere, but probably every Jewish family was involved in this, where amongst Russians it probably was, you know, a much lower percentage, a much lower proportion. In 1874, a unified regulation about universal military service had replaced the old

recruit conscription obligation, giving the Jews a significant relief. The text of the regulation did not contain any articles that discriminated against Jews. However, now Jews were not permitted to remain in residence in the interior provinces after completion of military service. Also, special regulations aimed to specify the figure of male Jewish population were introduced, for to that day it largely remained undetermined and unaccounted. Information about abuses of laws by Jews wishing to evade military service was circulated to governors. In 1876, the first measures for ensuring the proper fulfillment of military duty by Jews were adopted.

The Jewish Encyclopedia saw a heavy net of repressive measures in them. Regulations were issued about the registration of Jews at conscription districts and about the replacement of Jews not fit for service by Jews who were fit, and about verification of the validity of exemptions for family conditions for violation of these regulations, conscription of only Sons was permitted. A contemporary and then influential St. Petersburg newspaper, Golos, cites quite amazing figures from the official governmental report on the results of conscription in 1840. For all, the shortfalls of recruits was 3,309.

Out of this, the shortfall of Jews was 3,054, which amounts to 92%. Yeah, that's no shock to anybody. Schmachoff, a prominent attorney, now well-disposed towards Jews, cites such statistics from the reference, I can't pronounce that, it's the government bulletin for the period 1876 to 1883. Out of 282,466 Jews subject to a conscription, 89,105, that is 31.6%, did not show up. The general shortfall for the whole empire was 0.19%. The administration could not help but notice this, and a number of steps towards the elimination of such abuse were introduced.

This had an effect, but only in short term. In 1889, 46,190 Jews were seen. subjected to call up, and 4,255 did not appear. That is 9.2%. But in 1891, from a general number of 51,248 Jews recorded on the draft list, 7,658, or 14.94% failed to report. At that time, the percentage of Christians not reporting was barely 2.67%. In 1892, 16.38% of Jews failed to report as compared to 3.18% of Christians. In 1894, 6,289 Jews did not report for the draft. That's 13.6%.

Compare this to the Russian average of 2.6%. Given the structures of the time, for the majority of Russians, of course, were part of peasant communes. The commune would get together and decide who should go. assuming the commune was even in the draft region so this wasn't like someone

was dragged out of his house you know communes could be quite large and you know this was a this was a communal decision it's possible I don't know for a fact but it's possible the same thing occurred amongst the guilds in the cities but everything in Russia was

communal and came to a conclusion based on communal discussion and unanimity as much as humanly possible now the Cahal used to be in charge of this for the Jews

and we read before they would just get rid of their their rotten ones that way I have the feeling that a lot of that was still going on but you didn't have the institutional structure this is a transitional period for Jewish self-rule too you had to have had some

you know phantom Cahawah some communal issue, not quite a legal one, like the Ecoholam used to be, but I think they were in a transitional period in terms of how they would choose. And I still think that it was their, you know, one that they really wanted to get rid of.

This was not the case in the commune. There was a lot of benefits of being a part of the Russian army. And you had, you know, when you read about, about the how conscription worked because of the sheer size of the empire a number of people there um it was you know one person out of a huge area so um this didn't affect and you know jews again they're always being you know over dramatic it didn't affect very many jews i still

suspect though that that they were sending they're the ones that um uh these proletarians as we've read about before i have the feeling they're the ones who ended up in the army. What kind of soldiers they were, I don't know. However, the same document on the 1894 draft states that in total, 873,143 Christians, 45,801 Jews, 27,424

Mohammedans, and 1,311 pagans were to be drafted. These are striking figures. In Russia, there were 8.7% Muslims, according to the 1870 count, but their share in the draft was only 2.9%. The Jews were in an unfavorable position not only in comparison with the Mohammedans, but with the general population too.

Their share of the draft was assigned 4.8%, though they constitute only 3.2% of the Russian population in 1870. The Christian share in the draft was 92%, 87% of the Russian population. From everything said here, one should not conclude that at the time of the Russo-Turkish War of 1877, 1878. Jewish soldiers did not display courage and resourcefulness during combat. In the journal, the Russian Jew, we can find convincing examples of both virtues. Yet during the war, much irritation against Jews arose in the army, mainly because of dishonest contractor quartermasters. And such were almost exclusively Jews, starting with the main contractors of the Horowitz, Greger, and Kagan Company.

The quartermaster supplied, undoubtedly under protection of higher circles, overpriced poor quality equipment, including the famous cardboard souls, due to which the feet of Russian soldiers fighting in the Shepka Pass were frostbitten. Yeah, this was eventually solved. Again, the Jews made their own bed here. It wasn't the individual Jewish soldier, one way or another. It was, it were these people. and because they had access to finance

they were used quite often to supply the army but after this particular scandal this stuff didn't happen again but it goes to show you know how much they hated Russia and how much they hated Russians now I don't know about the ideological indoctrination of Russian draftees

conscripts of course there was always a professional core I mean really Cossacks were professional too that was their whole reason for their existence and you can't depend all that much on conscripts no army no army can

but right up until World War I you have Jews at the highest you know they weren't officers but they were feeding these companies these divisions these armies and they got into a lot of trouble.

But later on, for the most part, these kind of scandals didn't occur again. In the age of Alexander II, the half-century-old official drive to accustom the Jews to agriculture was ending in failure again. I added again. Yeah, well, you're right. After the repeal of disproportionate Jewish recruitment, farming had immediately lost all its appeal for Jews, or, in words of one government official, a false interpretation of the manifest by them had occurred, according to which they now considered themselves free of the obligation to engage in farming, and that they could now migrate freely.

The petitions from the Jews about resettling with the intent to work in agriculture had ended almost completely. Conditions in the existing colonies remain the same, if not worse. fields were plowed and sewed pathetically just for a laugh or for appearance's sake only. For instance, in 1859, the grain yield in several colonies was even smaller than the amounts sown. In the new paradigmatic colonies, not only barns were lacking, there was even no overhangs or pens for livestock. For livestock, the Jewish colonists leased most of their land to others to local peasants or German colonists. Many asked permission to hire Christians as workers,

otherwise threatening to cut back on sewing even further, and there were granted such a right, regardless of the size of the actual crop. It was a stupid thing to begin with. This is what you should expect. It's such nonsense to take these strictly urban scammers. And even with peasant training, which I would have loved to have been able to record some of that,

especially since the language barrier sometimes was pretty severe. Yeah, it was just for show. It was just for appearance sake. It shouldn't have been done at all. And I don't know how these Jews were as landlords. They were being approached. And remember, peasants were very shrewd. Their literacy rate was going through the roof at this point, especially with Alexander's educational reform.

But even without that, they weren't bad businessmen in their own right. And so, nothing like the Machiavellian Jew. But they were able, and as we already heard, because they had now more responsibility, at least as Solzhenitsin would say, they're drinking a lot less. And that's a huge problem for the Jews in general. Of course, they were affluent Jewish farmers among the colonists. Arrival of German colonists was very helpful, too, as their experience could now be adopted by Jews. And the young generation born there was already more accepting toward agriculture and German experience. They were more convinced in the advantageousness of farming in comparison to their

previous life in the congestion and exasperating competition of Stettles and towns. Yet the incomparably larger majority was trying to get away from agriculture. Gradually, inspectors' reports became invariably monotonic. What strikes most is the general Jewish dislike for farm work and their regrets about their former artisan occupations, trade, and business. They displayed tireless zeal in any business opportunity, for example, at the very high point of fieldwork. They could leave the fields if they discovered that they could profitably buy or sell a horse, an ox, or something else in the vicinity. They had a predilection for penny-wise trade, demanding, according to their conviction, less work and giving more means for living.

Making money was easier for Jews in nearby German, Russian, and Greek villages, where the Jewish colonists would engage in tavernkeeping and small trade. Yet more damaging for the arable land were long absences of the workers who left the area for distant places, leaving only one or two family members at home in the colonies, while the rest went to earn money in brokerages. In the 1860s, a half century after the founding of colonies, such departure was permitted for the entire families, or many family members simultaneously. In the colonies, quite a few people were listed who had never lived there. After leaving the colonies, they often evaded registering with their trade guild in the new place, and many stayed there for several consecutive years, with family, unregistered to any guild, and thus not subject to any kind of tax or obligation.

And in the colonies, the houses built for them stood empty and fell into disrepair. In 1861, Jews were permitted to maintain drinking houses in the colony. everything for them was a scam it's just it's in their blood because even in the army as we've already read you know they eventually adopted

the role of a semi-merchant you know keep in mind that the Russian government didn't know how many Jews were really there their census records were so incomplete and it got even more chaotic after the Kahawas was abolished. The only thing they cared about was, you know, urban usury trade and brokerages,

which are just getting started, very much a Jewish creation. And so even if the family was at home doing absolutely nothing, somewhere in the caucuses, they were well taken care of. No one was suffering in the Jewish population. The one thing that they could do, and that have been doing for centuries, is setting up taverns and everything that that implies. And that's what they were doing here, and eventually the government just gave in. Finally, the situation regarding Jewish agriculture had dawned on the St. Petersburg authorities in all its stark and dismal reality. Backed taxes for given on numerous occasions, such as an imperial marriage, grew, and each amnesty had encouraged Jews.

used not to pay taxes or repay loans from now on. In 1857, when the 10 years granted to collect past due taxes had expired, five additional years were added, but even in 1863, the debt was still not collected. So what was all that resettling privileges and loans for? On the one hand, the whole 60-year epic project had temporarily provided the Jews what means of avoiding their duties before the state, while at the same time failing to instill love for agriculture among the colonists. The ends were not worthy of the means. On the other hand, simply a permission to live outside of the pale, even without any privileges, attracted a huge number of Jewish farmers who stopped at nothing to get there. If in 1858 there were officially 64,000 Jewish colonists,

that is, 8 to 10,000 families, then by 1880, the ministry had found only 14,000. That is, less than 2,000 families. For example, in the whole southwestern Kray in 1872, the commission responsible for verifying whether or not the land is in use or lay unattended had found fewer than 800 families of Jewish colonists. Russian authorities had clearly seen now that the entire affair of turning Jews into farmers had failed. They no longer believe that their cherished hope for the prosperity of colonies could be realized. It was particularly difficult for Minister Kisley of to part with this dream, but he retired in 1856. Official documents admitted failure, one after another.

Resettlement of the Jews for agricultural occupation has not been accompanied by favorable results. Meanwhile, enormous areas of rich productive black topsoil remain in the hands of the Jews unexploided. After all, the best soil was selected and reserved for Jewish colonization. That portion, which was temporarily rented to those willing, gave a large income, Jewish colonies lived off it, as the population of the South grew and everyone asked for land. And now even the worst land from the reserve, beyond that allotted for Jewish colonization,

had also quickly risen in value. The Novorosik cray had already absorbed many active settlers and no longer needed any state-promoted colonization. The colonists went a long way. with it because they were exempt from taxes for a certain period of time they were exempt from the draft for a certain period of time they received regular subsidies instruction um their failures were were indulged and i had forgotten we had said this already that that the best uh black soil was meant for jewish uh colonies this is not exactly an oppressed group and yet they were getting

income from a thousand other things, including smuggling, which was still going on. Prostitution, of course, alcohol, and remittances from Jews living, you know, family members from all over the world in the brokerages and things like that. And yet the demand for the land they had been granted was going up as the population was increasing in general, Jewish and otherwise.

So they were going to make out anyway. For the Jews, like the Jewish encyclopedia to talk about this, this is some sort of oppression, it's probably one of the most Jewish things I've ever heard. So the Jewish colonization had become irrelevant for state purposes. And in 1866, Alexander II had ordered an end to the enforcement of several laws aimed at turning Jews into farmers. Now the task was to equalize Jewish farmers with the rest of the farmers of the empire. Everywhere, Jewish colonies turned out to be incapable of independent existence in the new free situation. So now it was necessary to provide legal means for Jews to abandon agriculture, each individually and not in whole families, 1868, so they could become artisans and merchants. They had been permitted to redeem their parcels of land, and so they redeemed and resold their land at a profit.

So they get all of these subsidies and privileges to create these columns. and when they fail, they get more subsidies and legal privileges to leave. No wonder they call us Goyam. I mean, my God, the whole thing was a scam. And they get to sell the land that a profit, land that was just given to them. But their existence there was horrible, and to this day they lament it. The Russians were evil, yes. However, in the dispute over various projects in the Ministry of State property, the question about the reform of Jewish colonies dragged out and even stopped altogether in 1880.

In the meantime, with a new recruit statute of 1874, Jews were stripped of their recruiting privileges, and with that any vestiges of their interest in farming were conclusively lost. By 1881 in the colonies, there was a preponderance of farmsteads with only one apartment house around which there were no signs of settlement, that is, no fence, no housing for livestock, no farm buildings, no beds for vegetables, nor even a single tree or shrub. There were very few exceptions. The state counselor, Ivashinsev, an official with 40 years of experience in agriculture, was sent in 1880 to investigate the situation with the colony. colonies. He had reported that in all of Russia, no other peasant community enjoyed such generous benefits as had been given to the Jews, and these benefits were not a secret from other peasants and could not help but arouse hostile feelings in them. Peasants adjacent to the Jewish colonies were indignant because due to a shortage of land,

they had to rent the land from Jews for an expensive price. The land, which was given cheaply to the Jews by the state in amounts, in fact, exceeding the action. Jewish needs. It was namely this circumstance, which in part explained the hostility of peasants toward Jewish farmers, which manifested itself in the destruction of several Jewish settlements. I have nothing to say. You know, at the risk of repeating myself, I'm not going to say anything. In those years, there were commissions allotting land to peasants from the access land of the Jewish settlements. Unused or neglected sectors were taken back by the government. In Volnisk, Poldos, and Kiev Gubernius, out of 39,000 Desjatins, is 2.7 acres, only 4,082 remained under Jewish

cultivation. Yet several quite extensive Jewish farming settlements remained, Yakichia in the Minsk governmental region, not known for its rich land, had 740 Dejatsins for 46 Jewish families, that is, an average of 16 Deceotans per family, something you will rarely find among peasants in central Russia. In 1848, in Ongov of Mugulov, the governmental region, also not vast in land. 20 Jewish families received 20 Deciatins of state land each, but by 1872, it was discovered that there were only 10 families remaining, and a large part of the land was not cultivated and was choked with weeds.

In Wyshenki of Moghyev governmental region, they had 16 dexatins per family, and in Ordinios Chinchina of Grodno governmental region, 12 decianths per Jewish family. In the more spacious southern governmental regions in the original settlements, there remained 17 per Jewish family in Bolshoi Nagarov, 16 per Jewish family, 16 per Jewish. her Jewish family in Sedimunuk, and 17 per family in Norobarislav. In the settlement of Roskoyat, Roskoshnaya, in a Katerasinislav, the governmental region, they had 15 per family, but if total colony land is considered, then 14 per family. In Veselya, by 1897, there were 28 per family.

In Seguidek, there were nine per family, which was considered a small allotment. And in Kiev provinces, El Yucca, there were six Jewish families with 400 among them, or 67 per family, and land was rented to the Germans. I think that, given everything that we've read so far, that if a Jew was to put his heart and soul, into farming. If you had a desire for it, maybe he had an aptitude for it, he's going to be shunned by other Jews. They're in exile. Farming the land is almost a negation of that.

They think that, you know, this is not your home. You don't serve people. This is, we are barely tolerated in their minds, you know. And, you know, what the, what the, what the, Khal had been brainwashing them about the go in for years and years but when he

every time he says you know a Jewish farmer first of all the phrase sounds weird but I have the feeling

that there was others it was being rented out or that there were Christian peasants who had extra money I don't think they were actually doing the farming

I think it would I'll go so far as to say that to be with you know very rare exceptions to be a Jewish farmer and a very good one at the time would be tantam out to conversion. Yet from a Soviet author of the 1920s, we read a categorical statement that czarism had almost

completely forbidden the Jews to engage in agriculture. Soviets, they're saying that now. They say it in every university across the country. They had to lend money because they weren't allowed to do anything else. They were an oppressed group of people. picked on for no reason. That's still being said. Soviet author. I think I'll define that in a certain way. Yeah. Yeah, of course.

On the pages which summarizes painstaking work, the researcher of Jewish agriculture, Vienn Nikitin concludes, the reproaches against the Jews for having poor diligence in farming for leaving without official permission for the cities to engage in commercial and artisan occupations are entirely justified. We by no means deny the Jewish responsibility for such a small number of them actually working in agriculture after the last 80 years. Yet he puts forward several excuses for them. The authorities had no faith in Jews. The rules of the colonization were changed repeatedly. Sometimes officials who knew nothing about agriculture or who were completely indifferent to Jews were sent to regulate their lives. Jews who

used to be independent city dwellers were transformed into villagers without any preparation for life in the country. At around the same time in 1884, N.S. Leskov, in a memorandum, intended for yet another governmental commission on Jewish affairs headed by Palin, had suggested that the Jewish lack of habitation to agricultural living had developed over generations, and that it is so, it is so strong that it is equal to the loss of ability in farming and that the Jew would not become a plowman again unless the habit is revived gradually. Yeah, and they're right. Now, the previous author from the previous paragraph, you know, the Jews were demanding

these rule changes. These rule changes existed because the Jews simply weren't doing what they were supposed to do. But in general, they're correct. you can't expect this to develop I'm not sure even now having read so much stuff

on this question over the last 25 years the Jew couldn't be a Jew if he was to take up farming and willingly go into the army and things like that they you know

and that you still had people right up until the administration of of Tsar Nicholas the second who still maintain this naive view that, oh, yeah, it could, if we just gradually introduce it to them, they'll be fine. It didn't go away, this bizarre optimism. Yeah, Russian life at the time, and right up until the revolution, was very good. Economic growth, industrial growth, urban growth, population growth.

There was a lot to be proud of at the time. But, and so that's a little bit of the optimism here. There were winning wars. Finland and Poland were pretty much independent, although, you know, technically a part of the Russian Empire. So you have this general concept of optimism until, of course, many of these Jewish groups began, you know, blowing up carriages and robbing banks, which we'll read about some time in the future. not to mention the things that Nikitin is complaining about the regulations we've already proven were not even enforced right so he's complaining about something that didn't happen basically yeah lev tellstoy had allegedly pondered who are those confining the entire

nation to the squeeze of city life and not giving it a chance to settle on the land and begin to do the only natural man's occupation farming after all It's the same as not to give people air to breathe. What's wrong with Jews settling in villages and starting to live a pure working life, which probably this ancient, intelligent, and wonderful people has already yearned for? On what planet was he living? What did he know about the 80 years of practical experience with Jewish agricultural colonization? Yeah, that's exactly the proper response.

Tolstoy was always like that. He saw himself as a Jew of sorts. I've read so much of his of his work over the year Some of it Brilliant The Cossacks is my favorite I guess I would say

But after all this time He's still saying this Well if you just settle them in a village They'll live a pure working life And they're yearning for it Yeah what planet was he Either he was just very Shielded from reality

or he had another agenda in mind in saying such nonsense, giving the Jews a reason to revolt and reason to hate, not to hate Russia, that he was totally ignorant about the 80 years of practical experience here. It's conceivable, but I'm not sure. And yet the experience of the development of Palestine where the Jewish settlers felt themselves at home had showed their excellent ability to work the land. Moreover, They did it in conditions much more unfavorable than in Novorosia. Still, all the attempts to persuade or compel the Jews toward arable farming in Russia and afterwards in the USSR had failed, and from that came the degrading legend that the Jews

in general are incapable of farming. And thus, after 80 years of effort by the Russian government, it turned out that all that agricultural colonization was a grandiose but empty affair. All the effort, all the massive expenditures, the delay of the development, bit of Novorosia, all were for nothing. The resulting experience shows that it shouldn't have been undertaken at all. And that's been our thesis since we really started this. This whole project of the Jewish committees, one after another, and people like Tolstoy are still writing then? They're still saying things like that. Western textbooks, right this minute, are saying the same

kind of things. It's this deliberate ignorance or they're simply so sheltered from reality, which of course censorship in a sanitized world in a university, which is dedicated to censorship, it permits that. They really don't have access

to a lot of this information and they certainly don't have access to this book. And if you did on a college campus, you'd be in serious trouble. But that last paragraph, which is where we'll end, obviously, is that's a summary of everything we've done in these last 88 pages. All right.

We will pick this up in a couple of days. Remember to go to the show notes, I have hot links everywhere to support Dr. Johnson and his work. And once again, after 15 episodes of we have no idea how many it's going to be at this point. Not a clue. Thank you, Dr. Johnson. And from everything I'm hearing, from everyone who's reaching out, they appreciate you so much. There are people who have read this, and they say that just listening to it, they're getting so much more out of it because of what you can bring to it.

So thank you for myself and from all of those people. Well, I'm very happy I could help. That's what I do, I guess. Take care. See you in a couple days. Bye-bye. I want to welcome everyone back to part 16 of our reading of 200 years together. Alexander Solzhenyson, Dr. Jones, Dr. Johnson, Dr. Jay.

We talk about E. Michael Jones all the time. I get him on the brain. I always call him Dr. Jones. Sorry about that. But there are worse people you could, whose names we could invoke there. He's a friend of mine. I've known him for a long time. His career trajectory is remarkably similar to mine.

He's done so much. And if you haven't read his material, you're impoverishing yourself. But unlike Saturday, I'm here joined with Marcel, the big black Bombay cat, who was extremely mellow. He goes back a long time with me. Used to scare the crap out of the dogs. but so there's no danger of volume with him whatsoever just so you know awesome just a little a peaceful sleeping cat yep big boy right on the other side got one on the other side of the door right here that um just got to keep out of here

because she'll she won't say a word but she'll bite my ankles so they do that all right let's get going we're on page 88 picking up Generally, examining Jewish commercial and industrial entrepreneurship, Orsonsky justly wrote at the start of the 1870s that the question about Jewish business activity is the essence of the Jewish question, on which fate of Jewish people in any country depends. An entrepreneur from the quick mercantile, resourceful Jewish tribe turns over a ruble five times, while a Russian turns it two times. There is stagnation, drowsiness, and monopoly among the Russian merchants.

For example, after the expulsion of the Jews from Kiev, life there had become more expensive. The strong side of Jewish participation in commercial life lies in the acceleration of capital turnover, even of the most insignificant working capital. Debunking the opinion that so-called Jewish corporate spirit gives them a crucial advantage in any competition, that Jewish always support each other, having their bankers, contractors, and carriers, Orsonsky attributed the Jewish corporate spirit only to social and religious matters

and not to commerce, where he claimed Jews fiercely compete against each other, which is in contradiction with the Hazaka prescribing separation of spheres of activity, which, according to him, had gradually disappeared following the change in legal standing of the Jews. He had also contested the opinion that any Jewish trades does not enrich the country, that it exclusively consists of exploitation of the productive and working classes, and that the profit of the Jews is a pure loss for the nation. He disagreed, suggesting the Jews constantly look for and find new sales markets and thereby open new sources of earnings for the poor Christian population as well.

Well, Orsansky being Jewish himself. Sultan Etson trusts him quite a bit throughout here as a Jewish authority, and of course he was. You know, I grew up in New Jersey, Union County, a heavily Jewish area. I went, from my undergraduates, I went to the University of Hartford, substantially Jewish, quietly Jewish University. I know Jews fairly well And while Inter-Jewish competition is always substantial

They can very quickly turn it around And in the face of the Goyam All of a sudden that goes away If there's a threat Even if they have to create the threat Even when I was in college they did it One of these Jews went to the We had a brook growing through the university

and they put a swastika in using rocks. It made it into the school paper and everything. And it was very obvious to me. I mean, I was getting a spotlight at the time. But it wasn't obvious that this was, you know, clearly the Jews were always doing this. They concoct these threats that aren't too bad, but bad enough to scare, you know, scare the older Jews.

into ending inter-Jewish competition and realizing that the Goyem is the threat. So they go back and forth. But what the negative aspect of this, the exploitation of the productive and working classes, so that's what Karl Marx said in his Judean frog, which unfortunately isn't read nearly as much as it should be. Of course, that changed later on,

the anarchist movement went after, Marx for being not only Jewish but a creature of the Rothschild Bakunen in particular said his whole system was

blueprinted by the Rothschild family which is why he didn't really talk about what the future was going to be and he was very strategic about that. Engels pretty much the same way

so the Prophet for Jews pure loss for the nation well at our time it absolutely is because now you have a self-conscious oligarchy you can't talk in terms of markets you can't talk in terms of

what you know Friedrich Hayek spoke about oligarchy has its own dynamics and is one of the reasons that we're called conspiracy theories because they don't know that they think that markets are you know normies think that markets still function they talk about the oil market as if that's an actual thing

so especially when the society becomes totally financialized industry is sent abroad agriculture is dominated by by agribusiness there's really nothing but but the banks they call this economic growth that is pure exploitation and what it was left of the working class is completely exploited but that certainly was the case then and speaking of e michael jones his book barren metal goes into great detail, going back to the Renaissance, as to how specifically that works out that Jewish profit is always a zero-sum game. Yeah, it's interesting here, too, that they make the claim that you just see how things that

were debated back then about how, oh, you know, it lowers the prices for everybody thereby it makes everybody richer. You just, that's basically the default now that is. long as every as long as the prices are low and not high, um, we're doing well. It, if as long as the prices are low, we're not being exploited that it's a positive, you know, in this open air strip mall that we operate in. Yeah, that's a good way putting it. Yeah.

All right. Jewish commercial and industrial entrepreneurship in Russia had quickly recovered from the two noticeable blows of 1861. The abolition of surf. and the abolition of wine farming. The financial role of Jews had become particularly significant by the 1860s when previous activities amassed capital in their hands, while liberation of peasants and the associated impoverishment of landowners

created a huge demand for money on the part of landowners statewide. Jewish capitalists played a prominent role in organization of land banks. The whole economic life of the country quickly changed in many directions and invariably Jewish determination, inventiveness, and capital were keeping pace with the changes and were even ahead of them. Jewish capital flowed, for example, to the sugar industry of the southwest, so that in 1872, one-fourth of all sugar factories had a Jewish owner, as well as one-third of joint-stock sugar companies.

And so the flour milling and other factory industries, both in the palest settlement and outside. After the Crimean War, an intrusive construction of railroads was underway. All kinds of industrial and commercial enterprises, joint stock companies, and banks arose, and many Jews found wide application for their strengths and talents in those undertakings, with a few of them getting very rich, incredibly fast. Jews were involved in the grain business for a long time, but their role had become particularly significant after the peasant liberation and from the beginning of large-scale

railroad construction. Already in 1878, 60% of grain export was in the hands of Jews, and afterwards it was almost completely controlled by Jews. And thanks to Jewish industrialists, lumber had become the second most important article of Russian export after grain. Woodcutting contracts in the acquisition of forest estates by Jews were not prohibited since 1835. The lumber industry and timber trade were developed by Jews. Also, Jews had established timber export. The timber trade is a major aspect of Jewish commerce and at the same time a major area of concentration of capital. Intensive growth of the Jewish timber trade began in the 1860s to 1870s when, as a result of the abolition of serfdom, landowners unloaded a great number of estates and

forests on the market. The 1870s were the years of the first massive surge of Jews into industries, such as manufacturing, flax, food, stuff, leather, cabinetry, and furniture industries, while tobacco industry had long since been concentrated in the hands of the Jews. I think there's a there's a giant difference between life under a monarchy. That's one of the reasons I'm a monarchist. I've been a monarchist my whole life. And our present life, life under a so-called republic, is that while Jews were getting wealthy, as it says very quickly, the Rothschilds were investing in in railroads. And then later on in the century, the discovery of oil in what we call Azerbaijan near Baku today attracted even more attention both from the Rockefellers and the Rothschild.

They failed to capture the state and this makes all the difference so of course it was going to be the monarchy for the most part until 1917 was not going anywhere so they had to learn to work with it.

It's like Chabad having to learn to work with Putin and Russia now. He's not going anywhere he's more popular than ever they are not and it's very important to note the I mean again the level of exploitation was extraordinary

but a lot of this stuff this is what I said last time that the abolition of serfdom didn't really change a whole lot if anything it improved a lot of the Jews

for this very reason a bit of individualism for better or for worse septic uh seeped into russian society um so um yeah they you know these trades jews already had the contacts abroad they already had the credit at their at their disposal but uh they never captured the state they never captured the currency um today you know i use the word regime with a capital r to refer to the ruling classes of western europe and to some extent Japan and South Korea that derives from the fact that older categories in political science don't

work anymore because there isn't a huge distinction between the private and the public sector. There's not a big distinction between propaganda and news. There's not a big distinction between Hollywood action films and foreign policy. If you hear how the debates go and how these things are discussed, it's one informally organized oligarchy, very wealthy people. Jews predominate, but they're certainly not alone. And if there's even a handful of them, they're going to predominate anyway, they haven't captured the state. They privatized the state. The state for the most part is a privatized entity. You can't even talk about the public sector anymore, not even in military category, so much as

privatized even there to the great detriment of the boys who fight there, the Gentile boys who fight there. So this is a key element. The state was not going to be privatized, the matter how wealthy the Jews got, and that's one of the reasons that Tsar Nicholas II received his ritualistic murder in 1917. In the words of Jewish authors, in the epoch of Alexander II, the world, wealthy Jewish bourgeoisie was completely loyal to the monarchy. The great wealth of the Ginzburgs, the Polyakovs, the Brodskis, the Zaitseves,

and the Balakovskis, and the Ashkenazis was amassed exactly at that time. As already mentioned, the tax farmer Esville Ginsburg had founded his own bank in St. Petersburg. Samuel Polyakov had built six railroad lines. The three Paliakoff brothers were granted hereditary, nobility titles. Thanks to railroad construction, which was guaranteed and to a large extent subsidized by the government, the prominent capital of the Paliokovs, Blyok, Varshovsky, and others were created. Needless to say, many more smaller fortunes were made as well, such as the AI Zax, the former assistant to E. Ginsburg in tax farming, who had moved to St. Petersburg and created

the savings and loan bank there. He arranged jobs for his for his, for his, for his, and his wife's many relatives at the enterprises he was in charge of. I want to make it clear. It was Zorn Nicholas was murdered in 1918, overthrown in October, you know, February in 1917. And I should know this because I've written several books about it. But the two, you know, February, October, that occurred in 1917, but they didn't get around the murdering and ritual until 1918.

Sorry about that. No problem. not just the economy, the entire public life has been transformed in the course of Alexandria reforms, opening new opportunities from a curial Jewry. In the government resolutions permitting certain groups of Jews with higher educations to enter government service, there was no restriction in regard to the movement of the job ladder. With the attainment of the full state advisor rank, a Jew could be elevated to the status of hereditary nobility on common grounds.

In 1864, the land reform began. It affected all social classes in strata. Its statute did not in any way restrict the eligibility of Jews to vote in county administrative elections or occupy elected country offices. In the course of 26 years of the statute being in effect, Jews could be seen in many places among town counselors and in the municipal executive councils. Because of the abolition of the cahal, you're going to start seeing more individualism, even affecting Jews who despite the fact that wherever they go they're on the far left of the political spectrum you do see some cases of patriotism during during warfare the names we've already discussed the bank of the creations of those names are going to come up again and again

until the until the revolution but um um Jews were were known to be Jews. They were almost exclusively urban. And given their numbers, we talked about population growth, yeah, they were elected to many of these local offices, and even the nobility, which really essentially was bought with money. I mean, you see that just in the life of the neo-conservatives, and neo-conservatives bounce from one side, so the other depending on where the power is, or even in the life of the Jewish social engineers who created like the Frankfurt School and the whole quote unquote woke ideology where now since that has taken over and it started to attack them their golem started to attack them you see a whole bunch of formerly left wing Jews

moving to the right and saying oh you know this this has nothing to do with Judaism this is about leftism. And we're right and we're right wingers. Yeah. And you see that with these neocons. I've been reading them for years. And I think they're being very dishonest.

They make some interesting points. Some of them were former hippies like Horowitz who actually is a good writer and I do enjoy his work. He exposed the entire agenda of the 60s left.

but yeah in general we can say that you know they're on the left of the political spectrum and in so doing they organize whatever minority groups they think they can in every country they go to as well of course media and banking for the sake of having a reserve arm it's like it's like these jews who suddenly you know i'm seeing all these jewish names in the anti-immigration writing again some very good stuff but i start to notice that they're they're thinking you know these guys coming from Honduras and El Salvador they haven't been brainwashed with the Holocaust nonsense

from birth like your typical normally American has been maybe bringing these people in and they're Catholics of all things maybe bringing these people in huge numbers is not the best idea that this is a small minority but I'm seeing Jewish names all over

the Gatstone Institute and it's you know, clearly they have a different agenda. They don't really care about us. They care about the fact that maybe bringing in Arabs and Mexicans who have a far more objective view

of the Jews and your typical norming American is a bad idea. It's a similar phenomenon. Similarly, the judicial statutes of 1864 stipulated no restrictions for Jews. As a result of the judicial reform, an independent judicial authority was created and in place a private

that mediators, the legal bar guild was established as an independent class with a special corporate structure, and notably even with the unappealable right to refuse legal assistance to an applicant on the basis of moral evaluation of his person, including evaluation of his political views. And there were no restrictions on Jews entering the class. Gessen wrote, apart from the legal profession in which Jews had come to prominence, we begin to notice them, we begin noticing them in court registries among investigative officials and in the ranks of public prosecutors. In some places, we already see Jews in the magistrate and district court offices. They also served as jurors without any quota restrictions during the first decades after the reform.

Remarkably, during civil trials, the Jews were taking conventional jurors oaths without any provision made for the Jewish religion. well they always have cold nidra you know at the same time municipal reform was being implemented initially it was proposed to restrict jewish representation among town councillors and in the municipal executive councils by 50 percent but because of objections by the minister of internal affairs the city statute of 1870 had reduced the maximal share to one-third further jews were forbidden from occupying the post of mayor it was feared that otherwise Jews, the Jewish internal cohesion and self-segregation would allow them to obtain a leading role in town institutions and give them an advantage and resolution of public

affairs. On the other hand, Jews were equalized in electoral rights. Earlier, they could vote only as a faction, which led to increased influence of Jews in all city governing matters, though in the free city of Odessa, these rules were in place from the very beginning. Later, it was adopted in Kishinev, too. Generally speaking, in the south of Russia, the social atmosphere was not permeated by contempt toward Jews, unlike in Poland, where it was diligently cultivated. Well, in Poland. What is that?

What, diligently cultivated? Yeah, I know. I had the same reaction when I first read this years ago. The nobility was anything but anti-Jewish. even in the time we're talking about here I don't know I don't know

Of course he's quoting somebody But this notion That they're fearing They said Otherwise Jewish internal cohesion And self-segregation Will allow them to obtain A leading role in town institutions

And give them an advantage In resolution of public issues Well that's going to happen anyway This is the problem And they still don't Haven't fully wrap their brains around it yet You don't need that many you only need one to bring a suit

you know like saying in America you know to tear down a Christmas display and and they're not taking into consideration the fact that they could buy their Shabbas Goyim whenever they need to especially with the rise of freemationary which is continuing amongst the elite you know this is going to happen at least at the local level but regardless

This is why it was so important. And I'll repeat again, the monarchy was the only thing that was keeping them from taking over the state entirely and becoming another British oligarchy. Thus, perhaps, the best period in Russian history for Jews went on. And access to civil service was open for Jews. The easing of legal restrictions in the general atmosphere of the age of great reforms

had affected the spirit of the Jewish people beneficially. It appeared that under the influence of the age of great reforms, the traditional daily life in the Jewish populace had turned toward the surrounding world and that Jewry had begun participating as far as possible in the struggle for rights and liberty. There was not a single area in the economic, public, and spiritual life of Russia unaffected by the creative energies of Russian Jews. That's a great term.

Yeah, I thought they were oppressed in Zarath, Russia. And this is a Jewish author. Yeah. Say that again? This is a Jewish author here. He's quoting. And remember that from the beginning of the century, the doors of Russian general education were open wide for Jews, though it took a long time for the unwilling Jews to enter. Later, a well-known lawyer and public figure, YAL, title, thus recalled the Moser, Moser, Moser, grammar schools of the 1860s. The director of the school often appealed to the Jews of Moser, telling them about the benefits of education and about the desire of government to see more

Jews in grammar schools. Unfortunately, such pleas had fallen on deaf ears. So they were not enthusiastic to enroll during the first years after the reform, even when they were offered free education paid for by the state. And when school charters declared the schools are open to everybody regardless of confession. The Ministry of National Education tried to make admission of Jews into general education institutions easier. It exhibited benevolence

toward young Jewish students. Here, El Deuch had particularly distinguished the famous surgeon, N.I. Pyrogoth, then a trustee of the Novorosich School District, suggesting that he had strongly contributed to the alleviation of hostility among my tribesmen towards

goyish schools and sciences. Soon after the ascension of Alexander II, the Minister of Education, thus formulated the government plan. It is necessary to spread by any means a teaching of subjects of general education while avoiding interference with the religious education and children, allowing parents to take care of it without any restrictions or hindrances on the part of the government. Education in state public schools was made mandatory for children of Jewish merchants and honorary citizens.

This is just a new version of the, you know, if we settle them on the land, they'll become good farmers and who knows, maybe even good Russians. It's not how they work. Every indulgence has been laid out to these people. But again, it only takes a handful for them to have a massive influence on whatever institution we're talking about. They didn't have to pay for anything. So, but once the Cahal collapsed, this sort of thing was going to gradually occur regardless.

You know, building markets, making money, you had no choice but to approach the Goyish schools and sciences. Yet all these measures, privileges, and invitations did not lead to a drastic increase in Jewish admissions. By 1863, the share of Jewish students in Russian schools. schools reached 3.2%, that is, equal to their percentage in the population of the empire. Apart from the rejection of Russian education by the jury, there was a certain influence from Jewish public leaders who now saw their task differently. With the advent of the age of great reforms, the Friends of Enlightenment had merged the question of mass education with the question of the legal situation of the Jews. That is, they began struggling for the

immediate removal of all remaining restrictions. After the shock of the Crimean War, such a liberal possibility seemed quite realistic. I have to clarify something. I hinted at it before, and I have a substantial paper on this, the Barnes Review, published it. I've said before that Russia did not lose the Crimean War. The Allies didn't achieve what they wanted to. Same thing goes for the war with Japan in 1905.

but you wouldn't know that from reading the newspaper whether Jewish or otherwise I mean there was always a tremendous freedom in the newspapers no matter what the state tried to do but they painted this defeatist idea in the most sensational headlines that are still being taken as fact today these so but if you read your typical Russian history textbook

they're going to say because Russia lost so badly in the Crimean War Russians learn that it was because they have this antiquated and backward system and therefore these reforms were absolutely necessary to bring them closer to liberal democracy or you know

worse to that effect I've read that so many times and of course none of it was true the Russians took on all of Europe won most of these battles and and then that entire group of people this huge army arrayed against them,

including right up into Poland itself. There were battles in the Baltic that people don't normally realize. It was precisely because of their institutions that they did so well. But if you read the newspapers at the time, you wouldn't know it. I guarantee the same thing for World War I.

The media has always been this vile, despicable group of people, no matter what their background is that wanted to sell newspapers and wanted to paint things in the worst and most shocking colors. None of this stuff is true. Yeah, the Crimean War certainly was a shock that they had to take on all of Europe and all the propaganda,

Russian propaganda from the Western press went nuts. And this was one of the real starting points of it, but Russia did not lose it. And even if they did, it was against an entire continent. But after 1874, following enactment of the new military statute, which granted military service privileges to educated individuals, almost a magical change happened with Jewish education. Jews began entering public schools and mass. Yeah, yeah.

I'm shocked to hear this. I mean, you ever hear the old Bruce Lee had a phrase that, become like water? which means you have to adapt to, I mean, these are the quickest adapters to every situation. It's all about education now. Yeah. After the military reform of 1874, even Orthodox Jewish families started sending their sons into high schools and institutions of higher learning to reduce their term of military service. Among these privileges were not only draft deferral and easement of service, but also, according to the recollections of Mark Aldenov, the possibility of taking. taking officers examination and receiving officer rank. Sometimes they attain titles of nobility.

In the 1870s, an enormous increase in the number of Jewish students in public education institutions occurred, leading to creation of numerous degreed Jewish intelligentsia. Uh-oh. In 1880, what? I said, uh-oh. That's never a good thing. In 1881, Jews composed around 9% of all university students. By 1887, their share increased at 13.5%, which means one out of every seven students.

In some universities, Jewish representation was much higher. In the Department of Medicine of Karkoff University, Jews comprised 42% of the student body. In the Department of Medicine of Odessa University, 31%. And in the School of Law, this is the dangerous one, 41%. That was me adding commentary there, saying this is the dangerous one. Yeah, so the school of law is 41%. In all schools of the country, the percentage of Jews doubled to 12% from 1870 to 1880, and compared to 1865, it had quadrupled.

In the Odessa School District, it reached 32% by 1886, and in some schools, it was 75% and even more. When D.A. Tolstoy, the Minister of Education from 1866, had begun school reforms in 1871 by introducing the classical education standard with emphasis on antiquity, the ethnic Russian intelligentsia boiled over while Jews did not mind. I think what he means by boiled over is that if the emphasis was on classical, you know, Greece and Rome, Mesopotamia before that, possibly, if that's what he's saying, then the stress was not on Russian history or even Byzantine history, which was fine by the Jews, because this was for the most part,

a non-Christian era to a great extent these schools had become very secular and even some of the seminaries where even with a seminary where Stalin went was teaching secular

topics and all over the place and it was done in Latin it wasn't done in Slavonic it wasn't done in Russian so but yes you're right this is the law with trial by jury it's extremely dangerous

dangerous, and they took the threat of conscription, which would only affect a handful of them anyway, and took that into a massive exodus, mind the term, into the professions. And this is when the revolutionary movement began to form. This is when your average Russian began to look very suspiciously, you choose, and now that will boil over as time goes on. However, for a while, these educational developments affected only the Jewish bourgeoisie and intelligentsia. The wide masses remained faithful to the Kedars and Yeshivas as the Russian Elementary School

offered nothing in the way of privileges. The Jewish masses remained in isolation as before due to specific conditions of their internal and outside lives. propagation of modern universal culture was extremely slow and new things took root with great difficulty among the masses of people living in Scheddels and towns of the Pala settlement in the atmosphere of very strict religious traditions and discipline. Concentrated within the Pala settlement, the Jewish masses felt no need for the Russian language in their daily lives. As before, the masses were still confined to the familiar hold of the primitive Kedar education.

and whoever had just learned how to read to immediately proceed to reading the Bible in Hebrew. From the government's point of view, opening up general education to Jews rendered state Jewish schools unnecessary. From 1862, Jews were permitted to take posts of senior supervisors in such schools, and so the personnel in these schools was being gradually replenished with committed Jewish pedagogues, I almost said it, who, acting in the spirit of the time, worked to improve mastery of Russian language and reduced teaching of specifically Jewish subjects. In 1873, these specialized schools were partially abolished and partially transformed,

some into primary specialized Jewish schools of general standard with three or six-year study courses and two specialized rabbinical schools in Vilna and Zidimir were transformed into teacher training colleges. The government sought to overcome Jewish alienation through integrated education. However, the commission for arranging the Jewish way of life was receiving reports from both the Jewish advocates, often high-ranked, and from opponents of reform who insisted that Jews must never be treated in the same way as other ethnic groups of the empire, that they should not

be permitted, unrestricted residents all over the country. it might be allowed only after all possible measures were tried to turn Jews into useful productive citizens in the places where they live now and when these measures would prove their success beyond any doubt. Well, if we're talking about the 1860s and 1870s now, two things had begun to form in this Jewish population. First of all, the split between these educated Jews and your people at the at the yeshiva

and that split widened as as time went by and the revolutionary movement of course comes from the former group the other thing was that very same revolutionary movement the terrorist movement which had tremendous Jewish membership and this is still Orsansky I believe that he's quoting here that and of course the opposition to all of this is absolutely correct you can't treat them like any other ethnic group

in the empire they're completely different and people like ticumirov who eventually um are the great you know russian monarchist writer defected from um the people's will terrorist organization who said among many other things this is essentially a jewish body and this is the same body that's going to murder Alexander II and we know now all possible measures to turn Jews

and productive citizens they all failed but what's the lesson from that that they have nothing but contempt for their for this country where they're living in exile

but the danger was this well-educated now very wealthy secular Jewish intelligentsia they were the vanguard of the revolutionary movement from then on. Meanwhile, through the shock of ongoing reforms, especially of the abolition of burdensome recruiting obligation in 1856,

and through it the negation of the corresponding power of Jewish leaders of their communities, and then of the repeal of the Associated Special Taxation of 1863, the administrative power of the community leaders was significantly weakened in comparison to their almost unrestricted authority of the past inherited from the kaha'iote. abolished in 1844, that omnipotent arbiter of Jewish life. It was then, at the end of the 1850s and during the 1860s, when the baptized Jew Yaakov Brofman appeared before the government and later came out publicly in an energetic attempt at radical reformation of the Jewish way of life. He had petitioned the Tsar with a memorandum

and was summoned to St. Petersburg for consultations in the Synod. He said about exposing and explaining the Kahul system, though a little bit late, since the cahal had already been abolished. For that purpose, he had translated into Russian the resolutions of the Minskahal issued in the period between the end of the 18th and the beginning of the 19th centuries. Initially, he published a document in parts and later, in 1869, 1875, as a compilation, the book of Cahal, which revealed the all-encompassing absoluteness of the personal and material powerlessness of the community member.

The book had acquired exceptional weight in the eyes of the authorities and was accepted as an official guidebook. It won recognition, often by hearsay, in wide circles of Russian society. It was referred to as the Braffman's triumph and lauded as an extraordinary success. Later, the book was translated into French, German, and Polish. The book of Ghal managed to instill in a great number of individuals a fanatical hatred towards Jews as the worldwide enemies of enemy of Christians. It had succeeded in spreading misconceptions about the Jewish way of life. The mission of Braffman, the collection and translation of the acts issued by the Kahal, had alarmed the Jewish community. At their demand, a government commission, which included the participation

of Jewish community representatives, was created to verify Brofman's work. Some Jewish writers were quick to come forward with evidence that Brofman's distorted some of the Kahal documents and wrongly interpreted others. One detractor had even had doubts about their authenticity. A century later in 1976, the short Jewish encyclopedia confirmed the authenticity of the Broffman documents and the good quality of his translation, but blamed him for false interpretation. The Jewish Encyclopedia in 1994 pointed out that the documents published by Brofman are a valuable source for studying the history of the Jews in Russia at the end of the 18th and 19th and the beginning of the 19th century. Apropos, the poet Kadosievich was the grand-nephew of Brofman.

Yacov Brofman was a legitimate convert. You had a trickle of these into the Orthodox Church. My first teacher in this world was Donald Paul Rosenberg, who was a Jew, New York City, who now has been on the parish council of the cathedral in New York of the Russian Orthodox Church abroad ex-Jews are a tremendous source of information

I don't accept the protocols the protocols are nonsense but those same ideas were in this book of Cahal and it's everything that you might think they would it explains Jewish behavior it makes sense it contextualizes Jewish behavior this utter contempt

for the goyam for the society around them and that their entire world revolves around exploiting the goyam as much as humanly possible and destroying any mention of Christ in in public life not to mention it being a violently tyrannical system of rule that use this hatred of the goyum to keep poor members scared and hence following orders. Rothman claimed that governmental laws cannot destroy the malicious force

lurking in the Jewish self-administration. According to him, Jewish self-rule is not limited to Cahals, but allegedly involves the entire Jewish people all over the world. And because of that, the Christian peoples cannot get rid of Jewish exploitation until everything that enables Jewish self-segregation is eliminated.

Further, Brofman viewed the Talmud not as a national and religious code, but as a civil and political code going against the political and moral development of Christian nations, and creating a Talmudic republic. He insisted that Jews form a nation within a nation, that they do not consider themselves subject to national laws, that one of the main goals of the Jewish community is confused the Christians to turn the latter into no more. than fictitious owners of their property.

On a larger scale, he accused a society of the advancement of enlightenment among the Jews of Russia and the Alliance Israelite Universal for their role in the Jewish world conspiracy. According to Gessen, according to a Gessen's opinion, the only demand of the Book of Gahal was the radical extermination of Jewish self-governance, regardless of all their civil powerlessness. The things that we know now, this was a huge. huge deal at the time I think Jewish behavior

even in the 187 by the 1870s it was pretty clear what they were and what they wanted and that there were going to be nothing nothing but a problem now I'm not sure what you know eliminating self-government

would be getting them out of the country humanely with their property was the only way to get out of this rather they got deeper and down Now, all countries in Europe did. You got deeper and deeper into it. Fictitious owners, property, and the manipulation of the legal system, they could manipulate

any legal system, things that we know, that we know in great detail from the Talmud on down is manifest in Jewish behavior. And this book of Kahul was explosive. And it actually was authentic despite the Jewish denial of it. and, you know, the interpretation, well, there's only, you know, if they say we're going to exploit the going, because they're thinking they're saying this among themselves, not in public, no one calls themselves evil. They think that the exploitation was the will of God and therefore we're, or our own will, and therefore our survival is based on it. They never consider themselves, you know, whenever you hear a quote from. Lennon or Hitler calling him, we're going to destroy, you know, we're

destroy all good people, you know, it's a lie. No one thinks that way. No one thinks in those terms. And you see that in the protocols. Here you have, you know, very complex understanding of exactly the Jewish mind. And this doesn't get the attention that it, that everything, other Jewish writings have received. Because this, when this first came out, this made sense to a lot of people. it contextualized Jewish behavior up until that point.

The State Council, having mitigated the uncompromised style of the Book of Kahal, declared that even if administrative measures would succeed in erasing the outward differences between Jews and the rest of the population, it will not in the least eliminate the attitudes of seclusion and nearly the outright hostility toward Christians which thrive in the Jewish communities. This Jewish separation, harmful for the country, can be destroyed on one hand, through the weakening of social connections between the Jews and reduction of the abusive power of the Jewish elders to the extent possible, and on the other hand, through spreading of education among Jews, which is actually more important.

And precisely, the latter process, education, was already underway in the Jewish community. A previous Jewish Enlightenment, the Hascala movement of the 1840s, I think it's called, I think is pronounced Haskellah, but was predominantly based on German culture. They were completely ignorant of Russian culture. They were familiar with Goethe and Schiller, but did not know Pushkin and Lermontov. Until the mid-19th century, even educated Jews with rare exceptions, having mastered the German language at the same time, did not know the Russian language and literature. However, as those Maskelem sought self-executive.

Enlightenment and not the mass education of the Jewish people, the movement died out in the 1860s. In the 1860s, Russian influences burst into the Jewish society. Until then, Jews were not living, but rather residing in Russia, perceiving their problems as completely unconnected to the surrounding Russian life. Before the Crimean War, the Jewish intelligentsia in Russia acknowledged German culture exclusively, but after the reforms, it began gravitating towards Russian culture. Mastery of the Russian language increases self-esteem. From now on, the Jewish Enlightenment developed under the strong influence of the Russian culture. The best Russian Jewish intellectuals abandoned their people no

longer. They did not depart into the area of exclusive personal interests but cared about making their people's lot easier. Well, after all, Russian literature taught that the strong should devote themselves to the weak. When people use phrases like Russian or Ukrainian culture, very abstractly. I don't know what they're talking about here. Jews have no bearing on Russian culture. Russian culture at its root is orthodox. It's communal.

It's liturgical. It's royalists. This has always been the case. So they could have no connection to it. Yeah, they could have a writer like Pushkin that they might love that part of it, not Gogol, not by any means. And Dostoevsky said the same kind of thing. Their connection in Russian culture, I don't care if they're the best Russian speakers in the world.

The only enlightenment that they can talk about is the negation of that culture, possibly using Western influences, but that's nothing new. But it's extremely important to note that now Russians in elite positions are getting the picture. Yeah, you could destroy the kahaal. You could disrupt their ties, one amongst the other, which is going, I don't know how they're going to to do that. But that doesn't mean Jews are going to cease hating Christians that they're going to cease seeing themselves as the aristocrats of the world and eventually maybe one day taking over the country. That's not going away. We're going to do three more paragraphs and then it looks like a natural stopping place. However, this new enlightenment of the Jewish masses

was greatly complicated by the strong religiosity of said masses, which in the eyes of progressives, was doubtlessly a regressive factor, whereas the emerging Jewish Enlightenment movement was quite secular for that time. Secularization of the Jewish public consciousness was particularly difficult because of the exceptional role religion played in the diaspora as the foundation of Jewish national consciousness over the course of the many centuries. And so the wide development of secular Jewish national consciousness began, in essence, only at the end of the century.

It was not because of inertia, but due to a completely deliberate state. as the Jew did not want risking separation from God, from his God, excuse me. So the Russian and Jewish intelligentsia met the Russian culture at the moment of birth. Moreover, it happened at the time when the Jewish intelligentsia was also developing expansively and at the time when Western culture gushed into Russian life, Buckle, Hegel, Hein, Hugo, Compton, and Spencer, it was pointed out that several prominent figures of the first generation of Russia's Jewish intellectuals was born in that period, 1860 to 1866, though there are equally distinguished Jewish revolutionary peers, Goetz, Gershouni, Azev, and Axelrod were also born during those years,

and many other Jewish revolutionaries such as Axelrod and Dake were born still earlier in the 1850s. In St. Petersburg in 1863, the authorities permitted establishment of the society for the spreading of enlightenment among the Jews in Russia, supported by the wealthy Esville Ginsburg and A.M. Brodsky. Initially, during the first decade of its existence, its membership and activities were limited. The society was preoccupied with publishing activities and not with school education, yet still its activities caused a violent reaction on the part of Jewish conservatives, who also protested against publication of the Pentateuch, in Russian as a blasphemous encroachment on the holiness of the Torah. From the 1870s, the SSE provided financial support to Jewish schools. Their cultural work was conducted in Russian with a concession for Hebrew, but not Yiddish, which was then universally recognized as a jargon.

In the opinion of Ossip Rabinovich, a Beltrists, the spoiled jargon used by Jews in Russia cannot facilitate enlightenment because it is not only impossible to express abstract notions in it, but one cannot even express a decent thought with it. Instead of mastering the wonderful Russian language we Jews in Russia stick to our spoiled, cacophonous, erratic, and poor jargon. In their day, the German masculum ridiculed the jargon even more sharply. It's very easy to forget that the overwhelming majority of Jews, up until this point

didn't speak Russian that's how isolated they were and and so they didn't see Russians as equals by any means and of course beyond that

you know I personally have always seen Judaism from Qazardia to now as a political racial ethnic doctrine that still uses

some older religious imagery that God is in fact them that they manifest divinity in Tikunalam as Moses Hess would say so when they start talking about religion we have to be very careful what exactly even to religious Jews mean

they rejected the first five books of the Bible and then when you read the Talmud you know this is mostly a secular book all the various rules and stories and everything that's in there, everything from economics to go into the bathroom, you know, what religion is, seems to me to be a mostly a way to mobilize their own public opinion.

That God, they are the Messiah. That's their purpose. And that became manifest with the revolutionary movement where they said, you know, from Moses on down, you know, we are on Messiah. That's our purpose. I'm sure you had, and you still had care rights around in the Caucasus Mountains, who had nothing to do with any of this and who had rejected all of this, those that survived the various Jewish

persecutions. So, but what these people mean by enlightenment is what we would call infiltration. They're already in the process of taking over the liberal professions media as we said law the merchant classes this is extremely dangerous there's no getting rid of them

not without costing a huge amount of money they're in too deep now and this is going to lead to the deliberately provoked pogroms a few decades later provoked by the Jews of course who were better armed than their opponents were

and this back and forth between the two groups and of course don't forget Zionism still existed which may despite all the evils of that later on may have been

another option but not until the 20th century did that really matter much all right so when we pick up on our next episode we'll be going into talking about this whole new movement starting from there and even

mentioning some name so yeah as I will do at the end of every episode, I'm going to remind everybody to check the show notes for links on how you can support Dr. Johnson's work. And I will say, I will see in a couple days and we'll keep at this. Okay, my friend. See you then. Thank you very much.

Take care. Bye. Bye. I want to welcome everyone back to part 17 of our reading of 200 years together by Alexander Solzhenyson. Dr. Johnson. how are you doing today um i'm dealing with health insurance bureaucrats which even under the best of conditions is a terrible thing so once i'm through with that i should be all right

yeah dealing with uh and they're little they're nothing more than just a an apparatic of the government bureaucracy so um it's the same thing as dealing with someone like that And despite the frustration, you know, it's not their fault. So you always show them great respect because they don't, you know, they're not making policy. Correct. All right. Picking up where we left off last time. And we're off.

And so, a new social force arose in Russian Jewry, which did not hesitate entering the struggle against the union of capital and synagogue, as expressed by the liberal, U.I. Gessen. That force, nascent and for the time being weak, was the Jewish periodical press in the Russian language. Its firstborn was the Odessa magazine, Rasmet, Dawn, published for two years from 1859 to 1861 by the above-dmentioned O. Rabinovich. The magazine was positioned to serve as a medium for dissemination of useful knowledge, true religiousness, rules of communal life and morality. It was supposed to predisposed Jews to learn the Russian language and to become friends with the national scholarship. Razvet also reported on politics expressing love for the fatherland and the intervention to promote the government's views with the goal of communal living

with other peoples participating in their education and sharing their successes, while at the same time preserving, developing, and perfecting our distinct national heritage. The leading Razzvet publicist, El Lavanda, define the goal of the magazine is twofold. Quote, to act offensively and offensively, defensively against attacks from the outside, when our human rights and confessional religious interests must be defended, and offensively against our internal enemy, obscurantism, everydayness, social life troubles, and our tribal vices and weaknesses. Well, you see the blatant contradiction there.

The fact that this was, it only was published for two years to tell you quite a lot, it sounds like a Jewish patriotic publication until you get down to the end, where essentially everything Russian, what they would call, obscure into it's, any kind of, anything that they consider anti-Judaic, which, of course, the entire Roman heritage is, you know, when I first read that, you know, they had us in the first half, I didn't believe for a second when I first read that this was supposed to be a patriotic publication, and then they admit it near the end. But it was only around for two years, despite being extremely significant. The last direction to reveal the ill places of the inner Jewish life aroused a fear in Jewish. circles that it might lead to a new legislative, might lead to new legislative repressions.

So the existing Jewish newspapers in Yiddish saw the Rosvitz direction as extremely radical. Yet the same moderate newspapers by their mere appearance had already shaken the patriarchal structure of the Jewish community life maintained by the silence of the people. Needless to say, the struggle between the rabbinite and Hasidic Judaism went on unabated, during that period, and this new 1860s struggle of the leading publicists against the stagnant foundations of daily life had added to it. Gesson noted that in the 1860s, the system of repressive measures against ideological opponents did not seem offensive even for the conscience of intelligent people. For example, publicist A. Covner, the Jewish Pizarov, could not refrain from tipping off a Jewish newspaper to the Governor General of Novorosich in the 1870s, Pissarov, was extremely popular among Jewish intellectuals.

You notice that that's their main problem. It's that maybe in the mission statement, as we've read of this newspaper, to expose the vices and virtues of their community, that's what they're worried about that's what they're terrified of but these vices would have to be pretty substantial for them to think that it's going to lead to repressions um and there's there's nothing uh you hear chuba back there chubba purdy hey chubba i'm sorry i can't play with you right now um it's um uh that's that was their main problem that was their main fear that they, you know, exposing themselves to the world is one of the reasons they came out against this publication in general. M. Aldenov thinks that Jewish participation in Russian cultural and political life had effectively begun at the end of the 1870s and possibly a decade earlier in the revolutionary movement.

In the 1870s, new Jewish publicist El Lavanda, the critic S. Venguev, the poet N. Minsky, began working with the general Russian press, according to G. Aronson, Minsky expressed his desire to go to the Russo-Turkish war to fight for his brother's Slavs. The minister of education, Count Ignatiev, then expressed his faith in Jewish loyalty to Russia. After the Russo-Turkish War of 1877 to 1878, rumors about major auspicious reforms began circulating among the Jews. In the meantime, the center of Jewish intellectuals, intellectual life shifted from Odessa to St. Petersburg, where new writers and attorneys gain prominence as leaders of public opinion. In that hopeful atmosphere, publication of Rostit was

resumed in St. Petersburg in 1879. In the opening editorial, M. I. Kulishner, Kulisher wrote, Our Mission is to be an organ of expression of the necessities of Russian Jews for promoting the awakening of a huge mass of Russian Jews from mental hibernation. It is also in the interests of Russia. In that goal, the Russian Jewish intelligentsia does not separate itself from the rest of Russian citizens. Yeah, I don't believe him for two seconds. I'm also not certain about his desire to go fighting the Turks, especially since in Istanbul, the Jews were doing very, very well and were the main bankers, and they ruled both the medical and legal, established of the Ottoman Empire, even at that point.

So I think a lot of this is propaganda aimed at Russians, not Jews. Alongside the development of the Jewish press, Jewish literature could not help but advance first in Hebrew, then in Yiddish, and then in Russian, inspired by the best of Russian literature. Under Alexander II, there were quite a few Jewish authors who persuaded their co-religionists to study the Russian language and look at Russia as their homeland. Naturally, in the conditions of the 1860s and 1870s to Jewish educators, still few in numbers and immersed in Russian culture, could not avoid moving toward assimilation in the same direction, which under analogous conditions led the intelligent Jews of Western Europe to unilateral assimilation within the dominant people. However, there was a difference. In Europe, the general culture level of the native peoples was consistently higher, and so in Russia, these Jews could not assimilate with,

the Russian people still weakly touched by culture, nor with the Russian ruling class who rejected them. They could only assimilate with the Russian intelligentsia, which was then very small and number, but already completely secular, rejecting, among other things, their God. Now Jewish educators also tore away from Jewish religiosity and being unable to find an alternative bond with their people, they were becoming completely estranged from them and spiritually considered themselves sorely as Russian citizens, solely as Russian citizens. Yeah, whatever that, whatever that might mean. This is a Jewish, this is a Kulisher, a Jew writing about how inferior Russians were

to the rest of Europe and by extension to the Jews, which is certainly not the case, especially in St. Petersburg. And so already we've gone from, you know, a patriotic press to Jews are now in charge of uplifting Russia from its doldrums or orthodoxy and monarchy to what Europe was soon to become and what Britain already was. A worldly rapprochement between the Russian and Jewish intelligentsias was developing. It was facilitated by the general revitalization of Jewish life, with several categories of Jews now allowed to live outside the palest settlement. Development of railroad communications and possibilities of travel abroad, all this contributed to a closer contact of the Jewish ghetto with the surrounding world.

Moreover, by the 1860s, up to one-third of Odessa's Jews, could speak Russian. The population there grew quickly because of massive resettlement to Odessa of both Russian and foreign Jews, the latter primarily from Germany and Galicia. The blossoming of Odessa by the middle of the 19th century presaged a prosperity of all Russian jury toward the ends of the 19th to the beginning of the 20th century. Free Odessa developed according to its own special laws differing from the all-Russian statutes since the beginning of the 19th century. It used to a free port and was even open to Turkish ships during the war with Turkey. The main occupation of Odessa's Jews in this period was the grain trade. Many Jews were small traders and middlemen,

mainly between the landowners and the exporters, as well as agents of prominent foreign and local, mainly Greek wheat trading companies. At the grain exchange, Jews worked as stockbrokers, appraisers, cashiers, scalers, and loaders. The Jews were in a dominant position in grain commerce. By 1870, most of the grain export was in their hands. In 1910, 89.2% of grain exports was under their control. In comparison with other cities in the Pala settlement, more Jews of the independent professions lived in Odessa, and they had better relations with educated Russian circles, and were favorably looked upon and protected by the high administration of the city, and Pirogolf, the trustee of the Odessa school district from 1856 to 1858, particularly

patronized the Jews. A contemporary observer had vividly described this Odessa's clutter with fierce competition between Jewish and Greek merchants, where, in some years, half the city from the major bread bigwigs to the thrift store owner lived off the sale of grain products. In Odessa, with her non-stop business commotion bonded by the Russian language, it was impossible to draw a line to separate clearly a wheat merchant or a banker from a man of an intellectual profession. Well, you're already seeing the outlines of the Jewish revolutionary movement here. The fact that it was a, quote, open city that was allowing Turkish ships during the war with Turkey. And again, the Jews were major players in the Ottoman Empire.

So as you exactly what was going on here. capitalism and what later, you know, Marxism, Leninism, are at their foundations very, very similar. Their assumptions, their view of history, everything else, their view of nationalism, and all the rest. And so it's precisely because of this bustling free trade world there, that the Russians there lost their identity, some of them. And even before the revolution, Odessa, and this caused one of the so-called pogroms against them. They were getting heavily armed there. They, the mayor, Jewish mayor, raised the, at the time, the Marxist flag over the mayor's office, causing, again, more violence. Again, it was clearly a Jewish movement, and it comes directly from this.

this is what assimilation essentially meant to many Jews, and this is exactly the social background that the bulk of the early Bolsheviks came from. Thus, in general, among the educated Jews, the process of adopting all things Russian had accelerated. European education and knowledge of the Russian language had become necessities. Everyone hurried to learn the Russian language

and Russian literature. They thought only about hastening integration and complete blending with their social surroundings. They aspired not only for the mastery of the Russian language, but for the complete Russification and adoption of the Russian spirit so that the Jew would not differ from the rest of citizens in anything but religion. The contemporary observer M.G. Morgulis wrote, Everybody had begun thinking of themselves as citizens of their homeland.

Everybody now had a new fatherland. Members of the Jewish intelligentsia believe that for the state and public good, they had to get rid of their ethnic traits and to merge with the dominant nationality. A contemporary Jewish progressive wrote that Jews as a nation do not exist, that they consider themselves Russians of the mosaic faith. Jews recognize that their salvation lies in the merging with the Russian people. You know, this kind of talk, it depends on who they're addressing. Morgulis, which can be a Jewish

name, he's going too far. This was a small minority of Jews who somehow thought that they could merge with the dominant nationality. We read at the beginning of this paragraph, all things Russian. Well, not all things. And certainly not religion, which was at the foundation of all things, of all things Russian. To think that the only difference was in the synagogue attendance versus his church attendance is, it may be wishful thinking for someone who now was quite alienated from his own people. But again, I think that's a small minority. It didn't take long for this movement to become Bolshevik later, or Mensovic later.

It is perhaps worth naming here Veniamen-Portuglov, a teacher, a doctor and publicist. In his youth, he harbored revolutionary sentiments, and because of that, he even said, spend some time as a prisoner in the Peter and Paul fortress. From 1871, he lived in Samara. He played a prominent role in development of rural health service and public health science. He was one of the pioneers of therapy for alcoholism in the struggle against alcohol abuse in Russia. He also organized public lectures. From a young age, he shared the ideas of Nerodnix in the villages, preaching on the moral rights to revolt against the established order about the pernicious role of Jews in the economic life of the Russian peasantry.

These ideas laid the foundation for the dogmas of the Judeo-Christian movement of the 1880s, the spiritual biblical brotherhood. Portugalov deemed it necessary to free Jewish life from ritualism and believe that Jewry could exist and develop a culture and civilization only after being dissolved in European peoples. He had meant the Russian people. Yeah, this, again, it depends on who he's speaking to. The Noddniks, yet some of them spoke about the Jews, many of them were Jew.

Again, keep in mind Marx's early writings on the Jews, where he fully admitted what they were. But that kind of attitude, that mercantile attitude, especially free trade, according to Marx, was necessary for the later Bolshevik revolution. but this spiritual biblical brotherhood again it didn't affect many people but it was an outgrowth of what we spoke about with Alexander I in the Masonic Bible Society Judeo Christian of course as we all know is a misnomer it's a contradiction

but this is this would come straight out of masonry in its various sects that came afterwards a substantial reduction in the number of Jewish conversions to Christianity was observed during the reign of Alexander II, as it became unnecessary after the abolishment of the institution of military cantonists and the widening of Jewish rights. And from now on, the sect of Skaria, the Jew, began to be professed openly too.

Now, we spoke about that very early on, I think one of the first episodes, we talked about the Judaizers in Russian medieval Novgorod, this semi-nostic, that's deliberately misinterpreted by Russia specialists and academics out there today again this is just another form of

freemasonry you know a Judaic Protestantism that that was you know again it didn't affect many people but numbers don't matter in these situations what matters is cohesion what matters is money and cohesion

so So that's what he means by Sakaria, the Jew. Such an attitude on the part of affluent Jews, especially those living outside the palest settlement and those with Russian education, toward Russia as undeniably a homeland is noteworthy. And so it had to be noticed and was, in view of the great reforms, all responsible Russian Jews were, without exaggeration, patriots and monarchists and adored Alexander II. Amen Mouraviev, then Governor General of the Northwest Cray, famous for his ruthlessness toward the Poles, patronized Jews in the pursuit of the sound objective of winning the loyalty of a significant portion of the Jewish population to the Russian state. Though during the Polish uprising of 1863, Polish Jewry was mainly on the side of the Poles, a healthy national instinct prompted the Jews of the Vilnius, Countess, and Gruddinian.

governmental areas to side with Russia because they expected more justice and humane treatment from Russians than from the Poles, who, though historically tolerating the Jews, had always treated them as a lower race. This is how Y.A. Taitel described it. The Polish Jews were always detached from the Russian Jews. They looked at Russian Jews from the Polish perspective. On the other hand, the Poles in private shared their opinion on the Russian Jews in Poland. The best of these Jews are our real enemy.

Russian Jews who had infested Warsaw, Lutz, and other major centers of Poland, brought with them Russian culture, which we do not like. For anyone to say that all Jews, and he says this explicitly here, where monarchists and pro-Russian is knowingly lying, it may be true that they had a high that they had great esteem for Alejandro the second it served their interest to do that but that doesn't make them monarchists at all and I'm also iffy

about this this alleged separation between Polish and Russian Jews since technically parts of the old Polish Empire were now we're now under Russia it really is the same group of Khazars, the Oskanazim. So I have a lot of problem with the view.

And these are all quotes. This isn't Sultan Ethan talking here. You know, and Jews supported Russia of the monarchy whenever it was when it served their interest, which clearly now it did. That wasn't going to last very long. In those years, the Russification of Jews on its territory was highly desirable. for the Tsarist government. Russian authorities recognized socialization with Russian youth

as a sure method of re-education of the Jewish youth to eradicate their hostility toward Christians. Still, this newborn Russian patriotism among Jews had clear limits. The lawyer and publicist I, G. Orsonski, specified that to accelerate the process, it was necessary to create conditions for the Jews such that they could consider themselves as free citizens of a free civilized country. The above-mentioned Lev Levanda, a Jewish scholar, living under the jurisdiction of the governor

of Vilnius, then wrote, I will become a Russian patriot only when the Jewish question is resolved conclusively and satisfactorily. Here we go. A modern Jewish author who experienced the long and bitter 20th century and then had finally emigrated to Israel, replied to him, looking back across the chasm of a century. quote, Levant does not notice that one cannot lay down conditions to motherland. She must be loved unconditionally, without conditions or preconditions.

She is loved simply because she is the mother. This stipulation, love under conditions, was extremely consistently maintained by the Russian Jewish intelligentsia for 100 years, though in all other respects they were ideal Russians. I have the feeling some of this nonsense is being spouted because we're going to be getting into, as a Jewish revolutionary movement grew and their terrorism grew, especially after the murder of Alexander II, they wanted to create the narrative

that these poor innocent Jews were attacked by Russian nationalists. They were ideal Russians. No, I think the basic attitude you laughed at of Lavande, the publisher of Dawn newspaper, Russian patriotism. It just means whoever serves my interest will get my loyalty. It's like if you remember after 9-11 and now the U.S. was going to be militarily going after more enemies of Israel, all of a sudden you see these Jews with the American lapel pin. Remember when that was fashionable. But the minute that's no longer the case, or if foreign aid is cut, or something that's all that's all going to go away now the guy is right here but if jews who are very cohesive anyway are free citizens of of russia they're always going to be able to

amass the wealth from their international connections and um and be able to dominate others which then creates um contempt from from peasants from other townsmen we already talked about the eminity between Greek merchants and Jewish merchants in Odeska. And I'm not even talking about the old believer merchants who were somewhat powerful, even still. So here we have within two paragraphs, completely contradictory ideas, about what the Jews thought the motherland was. And yet in the described period, only small and isolated groups of Jewry became

integrated into Russian civil society. Moreover, it was happening in the larger commercial industrial centers. Leading to the appearance of an exaggerated notion about victorious advance of the Russian language deep into Jewish life, all the while the wide Jewish masses were untouched by the new trends, isolated not only from Russian society but from the Jewish intelligentsia as well. In the 1860s and 1870s, the Jewish people en masse were still unaffected by assimilation, and the danger of the Jewish intelligentsia breaking away from the Jewish masses was real. In Germany, Jewish assimilation went smoother,

as there were no Jewish popular masses there. The Jews were better off socially and did not historically live in such crowded enclaves. However, as early as the end of the 1860s, some members of the Jewish intelligentsia began voicing opposition to such a conversion of Jewish intellectuals into simple Russian patriots. Peretz Malensky was the first to speak on this in 1868. The assimilation with the Russian character is fraught with national. danger for the Jews, that although education should not be feared, it is necessary to hold on to the Jewish historical past, that acceptance of the surrounding national culture still requires

perservation of the Jewish national character and that the Jews are not a religious sect, but a nation. So if the Jewish intelligentsia withdraws from its people, the latter would never liberate itself from the administrative oppression of the spiritual stupor. The poet I. Gordon had put it this way. Be a man on the street and a Jew at home. Just in the last few paragraphs, the last four paragraphs, how many contradictions in what the Jews were allegedly doing, have we read? Some were saying that they were all monarchists, that they were Agile Russians, that they were assimilating, which is another way of saying were no longer Jews

and then we have this nonsense that it could accept the surrounding national culture I don't know what accepting means I don't think that means being a part of it I guess it means tolerating it while still preserving the Jewish national character

and ultimately that's what assimilation meant is that you were still Jewish of course and you operated for Jewish self-interest more than anything else you spoke the language of the nation but that was all again pure self-interest be a man in the street and a Jew and home well there were there were Jews everywhere it just was a different mask

depending on circumstances and this this cacophony of ideas that we've read from these various Jewish and non-Jewish authors shows exactly the different masks that they were that they were wearing there was no acceptance of Russian culture because if foundation of it was orthodoxy. What do they mean by culture here? They talk about the food. You know, orthodoxy and the crown and the peasant commune, everything that the Jew is not is the core of Russian culture. So what they were in the process of doing is subverting that and claiming that somehow this was tolerating or accepting the culture that surrounded them. The St. Petersburg Journal's Rasmet and Ruski Evri, which translates to Russian Jew, had already followed this direction.

They successfully promoted the study of Jewish history and contemporary life among Jewish youth. At the end of the 1870s and the beginning of the 1880s, cosmopolitan and national directions in Russian Jewry became distinct. In essence, the owners of Rosvitt had already abandoned the belief in truth of assimilation. Roswit unconsciously went by the path of the awakening of ethnic identity. It was clearly expressing a Jewish national bias. The illusions of Russification were disappearing. The general European situation of the latter half of the 19th century facilitated development of national identity. There was a violent Polish uprising, the war for the unification of Italy, and then of Germany, and later of the Baltic Slav.

The national idea blazed and triumphed everywhere. Obviously, these developments would continue among the Jewish intelligentsia, even without the events of 1881 and 1882. Yeah, again, even that one publication, Rastved, or Dawn, has been all over the place. And I think they started off by telling a lie, that this is going to be a patriotic publication, and then they revealed their true faith later on.

cosmopolitan in national direction. Well, in the Jewish mind, you're a cosmopolitan when you're talking about policy of your host, whatever country you live in, but you're a nationalist when you're talking about the Jews. This has been consistent in their existence. You know, this is how, like, someone like Moses has was able to completely assimilate both Marxism and Zionism. at the same time, because there's two different audiences for the Jewish mind to worry about, Nagoyum, of course, and each other. Meanwhile, in the 1870s, the generally favorable attitudes of Russians toward Jews, which had developed during the Alexandria reforms, began to change.

Russian society was concerned with Brofman's publications, which were taken quite seriously. So, positive views towards Jews, Jews living in Russia were okay so long as they didn't know anything about them. The minute people read Rothman who used, if we remember, the legitimate, real, you know, verifiable minutes of the various meetings of the Kahal and different parts of the empire and their contempt and their hatred for the Russians around them, the desire to exploit them, then of course everything. And they were seeing that in their own cities. it didn't matter what point of view you held if you were Jew you were you were building a financial empire at the expense of everyone else because they thought differently than everybody else

they would never charge interest on each other but they will towards Russians they won't undercut each other but they'll undercut Russians and and they had this massive financial pool to dip into at any given time this international Turkey especially because it was this closer in near Ukraine and Odessia the course is on the Black Sea people are seeing

that this is true and how they acted it wasn't just a book we're seeing how it's how it's happening and so again the revolutionary movement

is coming out of this so this talk about any kind of assimilation being ideal Russians this was just for just for show at the time and by the national ideal

I think they mean Zionism which already had existed both in Germany and Russia despite it only being a minority faith at the time and then again in the Soviet Union the same thing you could claim to be internationalists but of course they're Jews

it depends on the audience it depends on who they're talking about so the point is if you had positive views of Jews so long as you didn't know anything about them. All this coincided with the loud creation of the Alliance-Israelite Universal in Paris in 1860. Its goal was to defend the interests of Jewry all over the world. Its central committee was headed by Adolf Kremu.

Insufficiently well-informed about the situation of Jews in Russia, the alliance took interest in Russian Jewry and soon began consistently working on behalf of Russian Jews. The alliance did not have Russian branches and did not function within Russia. Apart from charitable and educational work, the alliance

in defending Russian Jews, several times addressed Russian government directly, though often inappropriately. For example, in 1866, the alliance appealed to prevent the execution of Itzgaburadai who was

convicted of politically motivated arson. However, he was not sentenced to death at all, and other Jews implicated in the affair were acquitted even without the petition. In another case, Khomew protested against a resettlement of Jews to the Caucasus and the Amur region, although there was no such Russian government plan whatsoever. In 1869, he again protested this time against the non-existent persecution of Jews in St. Petersburg. Kremu had also complained to the President of the United States about similarly non-existent persecutions against Jewish religion by the Russian government. Nevertheless, according to the report of the Russian ambassador in Paris,

the newly formed alliance with the Mosaic Tables over the Earth as its emblem, had already enjoyed extraordinary influence on Jewish societies in all countries. all this alarmed the Russian government as well as Russian public. Yakov-Brafman actively campaigned against the Universal Jewish Alliance. He claimed the alliance, like all Jewish societies, is double-faced. Its official documents proclaim one thing while the secrets of one say another, and that the task of the alliance is to shield the jury from the perilous influence of Christian civilization. As a result, the society for spreading the alliance,

Enlightenment among the Jews in Russia was also accused of having a mission to achieve and foster universal Jewish solidarity and caste-like seclusion. At the expense of everyone else, Jewish organizations began to explode at this period of time. They're so over-organized that in each country, there's even an association that it's called something like the association for Jewish organizations. they're so heavily organized because of their small numbers, organizations is extremely important. Rothman knew what was going on here.

This is all what we've been talking about from the beginning. Of course, they're saying one thing in public, like when they call themselves white, back if you remember it in 2020, and then, of course, hating white people when we weren't around. Or even in a different post, everything is double-faced. That's how they function.

Their entire existence. is making war on logos. Their entire existence comes from the rejection of Christ as the Messiah. So they have one enemy, and that is the Orthodox Church and the monarchy that protects it, Rome, in a very broad sense. And they set their face of destroying it, and this is where more and more Russians begin to learn finally about what the Jews in Russia really were. Fears of the Alliance were also nurtured by the very emotional opening proclamation of its founders to the Jews of all nations and by the dissemination of false alliance documents. Regarding Jewish unity, the proclamation contained the following words,

Jews, if you believe that the alliance is good for you, that while being the parts of different nations, you nevertheless can have common feelings, desires, and hopes, if you think that your disparate effects, good aspirations, and individual ambitions could become a major force when united and moving in one direction and toward one goal, then please support us with your sympathy and assistance. Later in France, a document surfaced containing an alleged proclamation to Jews of the universe by Adolf Kramu himself. It was very likely a forgery. Perhaps it was one of the drafts of the opening proclamation not accepted by the alliance founders. However, it resonated well with Brockman's accusations of the alliance having

hidden goals. We live in alien lands and we cannot take an interest in the variable concerns of those nations until our own moral and material interests are endangered. The Jewish teachings must fill the entire world. Heated arguments were exchanged in this regard in Russian press. Isaskov concluded in his newspaper, Rus, that the question of the document under discussion being a falsehood is rather irrelevant in this case because of the veracity they expressed hearing Jewish views and aspirations. This is an extremely important point. Already we're seeing these organizations inventing acts of persecution.

The alleged Russian, in a few paragraphs earlier, the alleged Tsarist attempt to resettle Jews, of course, it never existed, but you'll still read about them in textbooks today. So they're already doing this And then yeah I've always found it easy to Discover a forgery Because phrases like Jewish teachings must fill the entire world

They don't talk like that And Akshankov who was One of the greatest philosophers of the Russian 19th century leader of the Slavophile movement He has it right Yeah this is you know this is Whoever wrote it didn't, you know, it's like someone who knows a little bit about Judaism trying to write

something. Like the protocols are like that. They're full of all of these, you know, massively negative statements that they would never make. But it doesn't matter because, yeah, these are forgeries and they're bad forgeries, but at their essence, they do reflect exactly what the Jews are doing and what these organizations are trying to do. The pre-revolutionary Jewish Encyclopedia writes that from the 1870s, fewer voices were heard in defense of Jews in the Russian press. The notion of Jews allegedly united under the ages of a powerful political organization administered by the Alliance Israelite Universal was taking root in Russian society.

Thus, the foundation of the alliance produced in Russia, and possibly not only in Russia, a reaction counterproductive to the goals at the alliance had specified. If the founders of the alliance could have foreseen the sheer scale of condemnations against the idea of worldwide Jewish solidarity and even the accusations of conspiracy which had erupted after the creation of the organization, they might have refrained from following that route, especially considering that the alliance did not alter the course of Jewish history. After 1874, when a new military charter introducing the universal military service obligation and Russia came into force, numerous news articles,

article on draft evasion by Jews began feeling resentment against the Jews in the Russian society. The Alliance Israelite Universal was accused of intending to care about young Jews leaving Russia to escape conscription enforced by the new law so that using support from abroad, the Jews would have more opportunities than other subjects to move out of the country. The question would arise once again, precisely. a century later in the 1970s. Kremu replied that the mission of the alliance was the struggle against religious persecution and that the alliance had decided henceforth not to assist Jews trying to evade military

obligation in Russia. Rather, it would issue an appeal to our co-religionists in Russia in order to motivate them to comply with all the requirements of the new law. It's absolutely shameless. But you notice how the rhetoric has changed. Just a few paragraphs ago, we were talking about these Jews wanting to be parts of Russia and ideal and becoming patriots. And now we have this ridiculousness of, we're just trying to have Jews follow the law. You know, this two-faced.

It was so blatant and so obvious. You didn't need the Internet back then to understand it. But all of that rhetoric that we talked about a few paragraphs ago is gone. Once people learned about what the Jews were, once they began to organize with very wealthy and very powerful and well-armed organization that came into existence at the expense of everyone else, especially, you know, they're smuggling, the crime, the alcohol. Once that was known, Braffman's revelations, people started to learn and understand what's really going on, but no one's talking about assimilation anymore. Besides crossing the border, another way to evade military service was self-mutilation. General Denikin, who was quite a liberal before and even during the revolution, described hundreds of bitter cases of the self-mutilation he personally saw during several years of service

at the military medical examination board in Volan governmental area. Sorry, people. I have a problem with that word right there, pronouncing it so. such numerous and desperate self-injuries are all the more striking, considering that it was already the beginning of the 20th century. And just so you know, this is the same General Danikin, who eventually became the leader of the White Army. As previously mentioned, the influx of Jews into public schools, professional schools, and institutions of higher learning had sharply increased after 1874, when a new military charter stipulating educational privileges came into force. This increase was dramatic, while calls to restrict Jewish enrollment in public education institutions were heard from the Northwestern Kray even before in 1875, the Ministry of Public Education informed the government that it was impossible to admit all Jews trying to enter public educational institutions without constraining the Christian population. It is worth mentioning here the G. Aronson's regretful note that even D. Mendeliev of St. Petersburg University showed anti-Semitism.

The Jewish Encyclopedia summarizes all the 1970s period as a turnaround in attitudes of a part of Russian intelligentsia, which rejected the ideas of the previous decade, especially in regard to the Jewish question. And these are the same people who will tell you and be all serious about it that this has nothing to do with Jewish behavior, nothing to do with Jewish exploitation and financial practices and the lying and the cheating and the smuggling and everything else. Jewish terrorism was just getting off the ground. Revolutionary movement was always Jewish and its root.

We talked about that a few paragraphs ago that politically motivated arson. this guy was supposed to be executed, but he was never sentenced to death. In fact, many of his friends were acquitted. This is already starting, and they ended up killing a lot of people. This is why there's a turnaround. It didn't just come out of nowhere. The more people learned, the worse that God for the Jews.

An interesting feature of that time was that it was the press, the rightest one, of course, and not governmental circles that was highly skeptical. in no way hostile towards the project of the full emancipation of the Jews. The following quotes are typical. How can all the citizenship rights be granted to this stubbornly fanatical tribe, allowing them to occupy the highest administrative posts? Only education and social progress can truly bring together Jews and Christians.

Introduce them into the universal family of civilization, and we will be the first to say words of love and reconciliation to them. Civilization will generally benefit from such a rapprochement as the intelligent and energetic tribe will contribute much to it. The Jews will realize that time is ripe to throw off the yoke of intolerance, which originates in the overly strict interpretations of the Talmud. Until education brings the Jews to that thought, it is necessary to live not only at the expense of Russian society, but also for the good of the society. No discussion could be held about granting them more rights than those they have now.

Even if it is possible to grant Jews all civil rights, then in any case they cannot be allowed into any official positions where Christians would be subject to their authority and where they could have influence on the administration and legislation of a Christian country.

It's no different than Israel today, not allowing Arabs to serve in the army. You can't promote your enemies. You can't have your sworn enemies taking positions of power because all they're going to do is support more enemies of yours and promote them. No different thing. Higher education in the U.S. are so Jewish, especially in the Ivy Leeds, they're promoting

second-rate Jewish intellects at the expense of everyone else. When you grant just simple Jewish civil rights, like after revolutionary France, where Jews just became treated like any other citizen, what you're going to get in less than a generation is a Jewish oligarchy, owning a huge chunk of the land through usurious loans because they have access to that kind of money

and the dominance of the trade. We already see they dominated the grain trade outside of Russia from Ukraine with the Black Sea and elsewhere, even the Baltic. That's what happens when they are completely emancipated. So you have a few people. people saying maybe the call wasn't so bad after all. I've been told that there are Arabs, there are Arabs serving in the IDF, and that there are

Arabs in the Knesset, that 15% of the Knesset is. But it's a huge problem. Arabs in the, or at least in the officer corps, there are citizens, they do, you know, they do, they can vote and things like that. They do, have a representation. I can ask it all the time, but in terms of security structures, that's a very different story. It's one of the reasons why the IDF today is so extremely overstretched. There's not enough of them for all these new plans that they have.

But it's the same concept. Either way, the idea is the same. You can't have your opponents in positions of power. And as more and more people learned what the Jews were, ideologically speaking, speaking, nationally, ethically speaking, it just made sense. You can't allow them to dominate any institution. And there's something else has to be done with them. They have to leave society.

The attitude of the Russian press at that time is well reflected in the words of the prominent St. Petersburg newspaper, Gullos. Russian Jews have no right to complain that the Russian press is biased against their interests. Most Russian periodicals favor equal civil rights. for Jews. It is understandable that Jews strive to expand their rights towards equality with the rest of Russian citizens. Yet, some dark forces drive Jewish youth into the craziness of political agitation. Why is that only a few political traits do not list Jews among defendants, and importantly, among the most prominent defendants? That in the common Jewish practice of evading military service are counterproductive for the cause of expanding civil rights of Jews. One aspiring, to achieve rights must prove beforehand his ability to fulfill the duties which come with those rights and avoid putting himself into an extremely unfavorable and dismal position with respect to the interests of state and society.

You would think the Russian press at the time would be far more conservative, but right up into the war, the right-wing, your royalists and your nationalists, they're just not, maybe that hasn't changed, but they just were terrible at propaganda. The left was able to publish rings around them, partially because of Jewish money, maybe mostly because of Jewish money, and that propaganda was something in lying in deceit came naturally to the left in general,

and to Jews in particular. The right-wing Russian press was relatively small, and it's a shame. They never quite grasped the nature of propaganda and how that has to be used to promote your interests. This is the last page. finishing up here, a few more paragraphs. Yet the encyclopedia, I'm sorry? I said I see now. This is the end. Yeah. Yet the encyclopedia notes, despite all this propaganda, bureaucratic circles

were dominated by the idea that the Jewish question could only be resolved through emancipation. For instance, in March 1881, a majority of the members of the commission for arranging the Jewish way of life tended to think that it was necessary to equalize the Jews and rights with the rest of the population. Raised during the two decades of Alexandria reforms, the bureaucrats of that period were in many respects taken by the reforms triumphant advances. And so proposals, quite radical and favorable to Jews, were put forward on several occasions by governors general of the regions constituting the palest settlement. All of the committees that we spoke of from Dershavan on down, all saying the same thing about, especially the early ones, about

Jewish exploitation, all of this is ignored. It suggests to me that many of these people were in business with the prominent Jewish interests. I can't imagine if they're involved in a grain trade at all, how they could avoid it. So, either they shielded themselves from

this knowledge, or they just had to deal with cognitive dissonance. They knew this wasn't good for Russia, but they made money from it. And they had the empirical evidence about how bad things could be with Jewish exploitation from the Dijavan committee on down, but decided to completely ignore it.

Let's not overlook the new initiatives of the influential Sir Moses Monsifior, who paid another visit to Russia in 1872 and the pressure of both Benjamin Disraeli and Bismarck on Russian State Chancellor Gorsakov at the Berlin Congress of 1878. Gorshakov had to uneasily explain that Russia was not in the least against religious freedom and did grant it fully, but religious freedom should not be. confused with Jews having equal political and civil rights. Yet the situation in Russia developed towards emancipation, and when in 1880, the Count Loris Melikov was made the minister of the interior with exceptional powers, the hopes of

Russian Jews for emancipation had become really great and well-founded. Emancipation seemed impending and inevitable. And at this very moment, the members of Norodnyia Volia, Voya assassinated Alexander II, thus destroying in the bud many liberal developments in Russia, among them the hopes for full Jewish civil equality. Sliosberg noted that the Tsar was killed on the eve of Porum. After a series of attempts to Jews were not surprised at this coincidence, but they became restless about the future.

The people's will, in Rodneyovalia, as you mentioned, was one of the first openly terrorist organizations the two men who murdered the czar or who pulled the trigger were not Jews and I think that was quite deliberate

but the people's will whatever that might mean was a Jewish organization and we'll see when Alexander the third after the murder of Alexander the second what Alexander the third is going to do and

I think enough people given the terrorism then went to full swing for a while, although Alexander III, because he was very strict, did stop it for a while. You know, they murdered a patron of theirs just showing the contempt.

It didn't matter what they did for them. Their contempt for the monarchy for Russia. Alexander the second, if you figure he would be the last person that they would execute, but it shows the depth of the hatred and how bad things were going to get. And this is what caused the rift and the pogrom,

which are usually started by the Jews, against Russian. More Russians were killed in them than Jews. Jews were better armed than the Russians who often weren't armed at all. I have an article on the nonsense of the programs, but that's why they came into existence. And as more money and more power flowed to them, the more arrogant they became and the more open their hatred for Russians became, including straight out violence. All right. That is the end of chapter four. In a few days, we'll come back and pick up in Chapter 5. So, as I do at the end of every episode, check the description of the video you're watching or where you're listening in podcasts.

There are links to support Dr. Johnson's work because this is what he does full time. And the reason why he has this knowledge is because your donations allow him to do this full time. That's very true. Yeah, let's keep him doing that. So I will see in a few days, Dr. Johnson. Thank you very much. All right, my friend. See you soon.

I want to welcome everyone back to part 18 of our reading of Alexander Solzhenyson's 200 years together. Dr. Johnson, how are you doing today? So are you refreshed and happy? Everything feeling good? Not that I blame you. We all need in this world, we definitely need a vacation once in a while. Yeah, I'm going to do an episode with a couple of friends of mine talking about the adventures in El Salvador and, yeah, just exactly what I experienced compared to what people have told me it was like five or six years ago. But, yeah, I got some rest down there.

A lot of hills to walk up, though. So, yeah, my legs are, yeah, yeah, the, no one's. And I didn't really realize San Salvador was pretty much, like, built into a valley, but like more up on the nicer parts of it are more up the mountains. So everywhere you, oh, let's go to the history museum. Oh, where is that? Oh, that's at the top of that hill over there. Oh, okay. Here we go.

Well, I, you know, the arena party and the anti-communist movement in El Salvador at the end of the 80s was after the abortion issue. That was one of the big issues that I was kind of thrust into. And I always was surprised that the anti-communists never really had an English language, other than Ronald Reagan himself, and the early part of George Bush, never really had any defenders. It's one of the reasons I wrote my book on the, not that ourselves were always military, but the military governments of Central and South America, because no one else has come to defend them. And we're seeing it now because the president is, of course, extremely popular, not just in that country. but around the Spanish-speaking world. And that's exactly why, at least the previous American government, hated him. All right at the end of chapter four, and we're going to pick up chapter five.

Here we go. The murder of the czar liberator Alexander II shocked the people's consciousness. Something the noradolsi intended, but that has been intentionally or unintentionally ignored by historians with the passing of decades. The deaths of the deaths of the years or czars of the previous century, Alexei Petrovich, Ivan Antonovich, Peter III, and Paul were violent, but that was unknown to the people. The murder of March 1st, 1881, caused a panic in minds nationwide. For the common people and particularly for the peasant masses, it was,

as if the very foundations of their lives were shaken. Again, as the Nora DeVossey calculated, this could not help but invite some explosion. This needs to be taken seriously right off the bat because he was of immense popularity. And despite technically not being an object of terrorism, since he was, you know, the monarch. a terrorist act by definition is done against civilians it had the exact same

mentality of a terrorist act the point was to shock the population to create a sense of an ease to create a sense of chaos where none had existed before because the monarchy had become so popular had engaged in policies

that the left had only promised and now with this murder created an environment you know created the chaos that the left want it so badly. This kind of psychology was in its infancy at the time, but the Jews who ran the so-called to the people movement or the people's will organization, what people and what will

they're talking about is a totally separate issue, but that's the name of the organization we're talking about here. They knew how to manipulate psychology. They knew how to manipulate what they now were calling the people or the masses. And then an explosion did occur, but an unpredictable one. Jewish pogroms in Novorossia and Ukraine. Six weeks after the regicide, the pogroms of Jewish shops, institutions, and homes suddenly engulfed in a vast territory with tremendous epidemic force. Indeed, it was rather spontaneous. Local people who, for the most reasons, desired to get even with the Jews, posted incendiary posters and organized basic cadres of pogromists, which were quickly joined by, hundreds of volunteers who joined without any exhortation caught up in the general wild atmosphere

and promise of easy money. In this, there was something spontaneous. However, even the crowds, fueled by alcohol, while committing theft and violence, directed their blows in one direction only in the direction of the Jews, and the unrulyness only stopping at the thresholds of Christian homes. Of course, this whole thing begs the question. If you read contemporary accounts and I don't mean contemporary meeting at the time I mean accounts written today

Jewish Encyclopedia all this it'll end right there that there was absolutely no reason to direct this at the Jews I mean the bomb thrower wasn't as far as I know Jewish but what makes me smile just a little bit here

is the phrase fueled by alcohol because who knows who could have possibly known at the time how unpredictable people can be when they're drinking. Alcohol is how the Jewish elite made their money, at least at this level. So now they're being, what's the phrase, hoisted on their own partard in this case. The first pogrom occurred in Elizabethrad on the 15th of April. Disorder intensified when peasants from the neighboring settlements arrived in order to profit off the goods of the Jews.

At first, the military did not act because of uncertainty. Finally, significant cavalry forces succeeded in ending the program. The arrival of fresh forces put an end to the program. There was no rape and murder in this program. According to other sources, one Jew was killed. The program was put down on the 17th of April by troops who fired into the crowd of thugs. However, from Elizavetrod, the stirring spread to neighboring settlements. In the majority of cases, the disorders were confirmed to plundering of taverns.

And after a week, a program occurred. in the Ananovicchi Yud Ust of Odessa governmental region province, then in Ananev itself, where it was caused by some petty bourgeois who spread a rumor that the czar was killed by Jews and that there was an official order for the massacre of Jews, but the authorities were hiding this. on the 23rd of April there was a brief brief program in Kiev but it was soon stopped with military forces however in Kiev on the 26th of April a new program broke out and by the following day it had spread to the Kiev suburbs and this was the largest program in the whole chain of them but they ended without human fatalities another tome of the same encyclopedia reports the opposite that several Jews were killed. After Kiev, pogroms took place again in approximately 50 settlements in the Kiev region, during which property of the Jews were subjected to plunder, and in isolated cases, battery occurred. At the end of the same April, a pogrom took place in Kunatop,

caused mainly by workers and railroad hands accompanied by one human fatality. In Kunatop, there were instances of self-defense from the Jewish side. There was still an echo of the Kiev in Sharmorinka in several settlements of Shernigo, the governmental region, at the start of May, in the small town of Smell, where it was suppressed with arriving troops the next day, an apparel store was plundered. With echoes in the course of May, at the start of summer program, still broke out in several areas of Akaterinislav and Poltava regions. Alexandrovsk, Romney, Nijian, Pera Yalislav, and Borosov.

Insignificant disorders took place somewhere in Militopol-Ust. There were cases when peasants immediately compensated Jews for their losses. The pogrom movement in Kishaniv, which began on April 20th, was nipped in the bud. There were no programs in all of Bailorosia, not in that year nor in the following years, although in Minsk a panic started among the Jews during rumors about pogroms in the southwestern Kray on account of completely unexpected occurrence. And next in Odessa, only Odessa already knew Jewish programs in the 19th century in 1821, 1859, and 1871. There were sporadic events caused mainly by unfriendliness toward Jews on the part of the local Greek population,

that is, on account of the commercial competition of the Jews and Greeks. In 1871, there was a three-day program of hundreds of Jewish taverns, shops, and homes, but without human fatalities. Because that's the basic data, and there's going to be more to come. But when I first read this, when this book made a splash in the English-speaking world, I noted something. You know, when you read about pogroms in the Anglo-American historical literature over the last 50 years, they paint this picture of the irrational lunatic, sometimes drunk Russian Orthodox, peasant, or lower level shopkeeper attacking the Jews for absolutely no reason except possibly

some kind of irrational jealousy. The Jews, of course, defenseless were slaughtered on moss. They were somehow financed or supported in one way or another by the government because the government was inherently anti-Jewish and it was just irrational from top the bottom. we read here is just the opposite. Very few people were hurt. The government was vehemently opposed to any instability in this part of the world. All these areas that you're, all these,

all these cities and towns were all in Ukraine, all market towns, all fairly new within the Russian empire. A lot of them is where Jews have been settled by the state with all the privileges that we've we've spoken of in the past that the Jews were and you notice this doesn't happen anybody else of all the other small minorities whether the Greeks themselves or Germans no one else seems to

earn this level of contempt eating of Arabs or Syrians Armenians who of course you were Christians but not they were not not Orthodox none of these people many of whom were quite commercially minded

none of them were harmed only Jews and in this case only Talmudic Jews there was no doubt that the people's will organization was Judeaic at its root I think it was very very the Jews were very careful not to have the actual murderers murderers of the Tsar be Jewish but the organization itself was its leadership was but we see here that not only the government vehemently opposed it stopped it right away the only fatalities were Russian Orthodox people and that in some cases people were a little bit bewildered by the whole thing and we'll see in the future and this is why I end up writing what turned out to be a huge article of mine for the Barnes Review and a few other places that the pogroms were not as the mythology has told you you know so many people have talked about the 20th century

so-called Holocaust, the Shoa but I'm one of the first to after this coming out with you know saying very similar things about these programs you start hearing the word or reading the the number six million around this period of time the six million numbers going to start showing up um you know this happened 1881 over the next few few decades you're going to start seeing that number more and more in the jewish press in an english language world as well as the german and the russian ukrainian and everywhere else because it is a sacred uh symbol uh so uh these pogroms came out simply because

because the revolutionary movement was, for the most part, Judaic, and for reasons that just mystified your average Russian, went after and destroyed the one ally, even in their minds, the ally that they had on the throne, Alexander II. It didn't make any sense. We know what it means today. But at the time, it was just so shocking to the Russian population. Solzhenitin is also correct to talk about the palace conspiracies, the previous murder. some of which we've spoken of here on this on this um these 18 18 hours um but this is the first time it's out in public there's no denying it there's no covering it up it was not a palace coup it's a a murder even though it wasn't the capital it wasn't in petersburg it was an open murder very much like you know jfk in the u.s russians you know knew where they were when they came across this new story or heard about it for somebody uh of of an extremely popular

man. And it's a shock. And when the people's will, then it's on front page, its Jewish makeup at its administrative level just then added another layer of shock to this whole thing. And Russia was never, ever, ever, ever the same again. IG Arshansky writes in more detail about this program and states that Jewish property was being intentionally destroyed. Heaps of watches from the jewelers. They did not steal them, but carried them out to the roadway and smashed them. He agrees that the nerve center of the pogrom was hostility toward the Jews on the part of the Greek merchants, particularly owing to the fact that after the Crimean War, the Odessa Jews took the grocery trade and colonial commodities from the Greeks.

But there was a general dislike toward the Jews on the part of the Christian population of Odessa. This hostility manifested far more consciously and prominently among the intelligent and affluent class than among the common working people. Huh, that's weird. I always hear that you have to be really low IQ to notice these things. Yes, only the ignorant could possibly dislike them, yeah. Yeah, and these comments are coming from a Jewish writer. Interesting. Interesting, how much that changed.

You see, however, that different peoples get along in Odessa, why then did only Jews arouse general dislike toward themselves, which sometimes turns into severe hatred. One high school teacher explained to his class, the Jews are engaged in incorrect economic relations with the rest of the population. Orshansky objects that such an explanation removes the heavy burden of moral responsibility.

He sees the same reason in the psychological influence of the Russian legislation, which singles out the Jews, namely and only to put restrictions on them, and in the attempts of Jews to break free from restrictions, people see impudence, insatiability, insatiableness, and grabbing. As a result, in 1881, the Odessa administration already having experience with programs, which other local authorities did not have, immediately put down disorders which were

reignited several times, and the masses of thugs were placed in vessels and dragged away from the shore. A highly resourceful method, in contradiction to the pre-revolutionary, the modern Encyclopedia writes that this time the pogrom in Odessa continued for three days. The pre-revolutionary encyclopedia recognizes that the government considered it necessary to decisively put down violent attempts against the Jews. So it was the next minister of interior affairs Count N.P. Ignatiev, who replaced Louis Melikoff in May 1881, who firmly suppressed a pogroms, although it was not easy to cope with rising. disturbances of epidemic strength. In view of the complete

unexpectedness of events, the extremely small number of Russian police at that time, Russia's police force was then incomparably smaller than the police forces in the Western European states, much less than those in the Soviet Union, and the rare stationing of military garrisons in those areas. Firearms were used for defense of the Jews against pogromists. There was firing in the crowd, and people were shot dead. For example, in Borosov, soldiers shot and killed several peasants. Also, in Nesian,

troops stopped a pogrom by opening fire at the crowd of peasant pogromis. Several people were killed and wounded. In Kiev, 1,400 people were arrested. That fact by itself, or that this set of facts, totally turns everything on its head. You ask the average Jew, the average educated normie in England or America, asked them about what the program was. And they'll say what I said initially. We're at a time in Jewish thinking where, you know, you had a relatively, I mean, for them, relatively reasonable approach to the monarchy. Now you have the immediate connection between Jewish elites and the revolutionaries. Maybe I shouldn't say immediate.

It did develop, but and the stories about these programs, the only people who were killed this early date anyway, were non-Jews. The very fact, though, that, and I wrote this in my very first book, which I kind of cringed a little bit at certain elements of it, I wrote when I was 29 whenever, that you didn't have a regular police force or prison system throughout the Russian Empire. It didn't exist. It still had a strong medieval point of view where tradition and the church and the extended family, noble or otherwise, took care of law enforcement. You didn't need a, in fact, the whole slavophile movement was based on the fact that if you need violence or the threat of violence to support a law, then the law is, you already have lost. If you need a threat of violence to impose law or to affirm law or to enforce law, you're already in serious trouble. And, you know, for us hearing that is shocking, but this is what happens in a traditional society. You didn't have, so you had very few police been compared to Western Europe.

You didn't have a fully bureaucratic or institutionalized, rationalized prison system or penal law whatsoever. So now, yet again, Russia has been thrown into an environment that it's not used to entirely because of one group of people. And the weight of the state was entirely against those who blame the Jews and the Jewish. organizations for this murder and then what came afterwards. Ignatyev was well aware of the Jewish issue, but he also wasn't going to tolerate in a royalist society. He was not going to tolerate this instability where there was a lot of money to be made because, remember, there were intense competition with the British at this time in Russian history,

especially in Central Asia and elsewhere. Keep in mind, too. I know I've said this before, but Odessa was the capital of Jewish Ukraine up until maybe the middle of the 20th century, where it moved to Dinepra in the east. But Odessa was the capital of Jewish power and money and, yeah, military force at the time. So it makes sense this is where it's going to be, and that in the southwestern part of the empire where Jews were massively concentrated. Fairly new. Former Polish, even some of them, former Turkish areas, are going to come in and with a lot of Jews. So yet again, here's another issue that the Russians weren't prepared for. Now they have to deal with mass arrests, 1,400 people. Yeah, there were rebellions and things in the past, but those were civil wars. Those were military conflicts.

This is a civil conflict. 1400 people arrested. The Russian Empire did not have the resources. or the institutions to deal with these kind of numbers. All this together indicates a highly energetic picture of enforcement, but the government acknowledged its insufficient preparedness. An official statement said that during the Kiev program, the measures to restrain the crowds were not taken with sufficient timeliness and energy. In a report to His Majesty in June 1881, the director of the police department,

Vique Plyev, named the facts that court-martial treated the accused extremely leniently and in general dealt with the matter quite superficially as one of the reasons for the development and insufficiently quick suppression of the disorders. Alexander III made a note in the report. This is inexcusable. But forthright and later it did not end without accusations that the programs were arranged by the government itself. A completely unsubstantiated accusation, much less absurd, since in April 1881, the same liberal reformer, Loris Melikov, headed the government, and all of his people were in power

in the upper administration. After 1917, a group of researchers, S. Dubnov, G. Krasny, Admini, and S. Lozinski thoroughly searched for proof in all of open government archives and only found the opposite, beginning with the fact that Alexander III himself demanded an energetic investigation, but to utterly ruin Zah Alexander III's reputation, and nameless someone invented the malicious slander that the Tsar, unknown to anyone when and under what circumstances, said, and I admit that I myself am happy when they beat the Jews. and this was accepted and printed in emigre liberation brochures, it went into liberal folklore, and even until now, after 100 years, it has turned up in publications as historically reliable.

And even in the short Jewish encyclopedia, the authorities acted in close contact with the arrivals, that is, with outsiders. And it was clear to Tolstoy in Yasnaya, Pollyana, that it was obvious. All matters were in the hands of the authorities. If they wanted one, they could bring on a pogrom. If they didn't want one, there would be no program. As a matter of fact, not only was there no incitement on the part of the government, but as Gessen points out, the rise of numerous pogrom brigades in a short time in a vast area

and the very character of their actions eliminates the thought of the presence of a single organizational center. I think that the way that leftist revolutionaries' operations operations. they would love you to believe that their movement, whether it be in, you know, France or Russia a generation later, that their movements were purely spontaneous. The people, whoever that refers to, rose up against an illegitimate and unjust government. The pogroms, however, even by Jewish, their own mentality, early on, their own writing early on was that these were spontaneous, but that couldn't last for them. If it was spontaneous and there had to have been some rationality behind it.

So eventually, and Tolstoy, who called himself Jewish in many places, by the way, I've dealt with this in papers elsewhere. We're talking about the famous or infamous, Leo Tolstoy, who was well known later on in the West, talking like this, he did a lot of damage to the reputation of the monarchy. Alexander III always been my favorite, more modern monarch, and that They simply invented stories about him, but given what Johnson's law is, who's going to know any different? If someone reads a book on Russian history, oh, Alexander III, loved to beat the Jews because he was a right-wing monarch. Well, who's going to deny it?

There's very few people in American academia that had the wherewithal to say otherwise because of people like Tolstoy. And, of course, it's utter nonsense. the big issue here is that the Russian government had no desire for any kind of instability in a part of the world where they were in huge competition with the British the connection between the British Empire and the Jews were very close and that's just one of the connections between Jewish revolutionaries and the center of anti-Russian revolutionary thinking which was London and of course the obsession was to make sure that Germany

and Russia never become close allies that was the I mean when I say obsession especially when these those two powers began growing so fast so quickly in terms of you know intellect and industry and finance both under tight state control and a centralized monarchy the British had to make sure that they were enemies and Jews were a part of that as well

but the Russian monarchy the last thing that they could afford in an environment like this is to have this kind of instability in their biggest money-making areas. That is to say, the western and southwestern part of the empire. The only interest that it served was the British and the British Empire, which was very Judaic at the time, its press was going on and on, quoting people like Tolstoy saying that the government created these pogroms and the government hates Jews for no good reason

and their savages and their barbarians. And that began with the Crimean War. Now, what, a generation later, it's now become a normal statement, a normal part of the Western, especially the British elite way of thinking. And here is another contemporary living testimony from a pretty much unexpected quarter

from the Black repartitions workers leaflet, that is, a proclamation to the people, in June 1881. The revolutionary leaflet, described the picture. Not only all the governors, but all other officials, police, troops, priests, Zemstope, elected district councils, and journalists stood up for the Kulak Jews. The government protects the people, the person and property of the Jews. Threats are announced by the governors that the perpetrators of the riots will be dealt with according to the full extent of the law. The police

looked for people who were in the crowd, arrested them, them into police stations. Soldiers and Cossacks used a rifle butt and the whip. They beat the people with rifles and whips. Some were prosecuted and locked up in jail and sent to do hard labor and others were thrashed with birches on the spot by the police. Now let me let me stop you here because this is very important and I've quoted this many times in papers in the past. if you are honestly a leftist who believes in some version of equality, equality for peasants, workers, however you want to state it, then your enemy, it seems to me, would be this very wealthy, very powerful Jewish elite, right? That would make sense. But, of course, that was never the case.

If anything, the left revolutionaries talking about equality avoided the fact that so much money, so much inequality. came at the cause was this Jewish elite who had a tremendous amount of wealth. So early on, very early on, this black reparation, whatever it was called, I honestly believed in some kind of equality, therefore they were anti-Jewish. So the way that they interpreted the pogrom,

unlike the leftists of later on, was a spontaneous assault of the poor against the wealth. wealthy. Well, the wealthy were overwhelmingly Jewish, therefore it makes sense. The Jews had to put a stop to that very quickly. They had to take over the revolutionary movement so precisely so this kind of mentality doesn't get out. You had plenty of leftists who realized, wait a minute, the Jews are an incredibly privileged group of people. If we believe in equality, then they have to be harmed. They have to have their wealth taken from them. The fact that that didn't, that was the very opposite was the protected Jewish. wealth. The left from then on protected Jewish wealth, refused to even tolerate any talk about Jewish power, suggests that there's something else going on here. The left then became a function of Jewish power. Therefore, talking like this was completely out of the question. And that's how we know that the leftist movement, because it was heavily Judaic, had nothing to do with equality, had nothing to do with inequalities of wealth or anything else. It had to do with it had to do with maintaining Jewish power. at the expense of the Gentiles. That's why Solzhenitsyn mentions this black repartitioned workers' leaflet. Next year, in the spring of 1881, pogroms renewed, but already not in the same numbers and not in the same scale as in the previous year.

The Jews of the city of Balta experienced a particularly heavy pogrom. Riots also occurred in the Baltzky-Yust and still in a few others. However, according to the number of incidents and according to their character, the riots of 1882 were significantly inferior to the movement of 1881. The destruction of the property of the Jews was not so frequent a phenomenon. The pre-revolutionary Jewish Encyclopedia reports that at the time of the pogrom in Balta, one Jew was killed. A famous Jewish contemporary wrote, In the pogroms of the 1880s, they robbed unlucky Jews and they beat them, but they did not kill them. According to other sources, six to seven deaths were recorded. At the time of

the 1880s, 1890s, no one remembered mass killings and rapes. However, more than a half century passed and many publicists not having the need to delve into the ancient Russian facts, but then having an extensive and credulous audience now began to write about massive and premeditated atrocities. For example, we read in Max Raisin's frequently published book that the pogroms of 1881 led to the rape of women, murder, and maiming of thousands of men, women, and children. It was later revealed that these riots were inspired and thought only out by the very government, which had incited the pogromists and hindered the Jews in their self-defense. Now, to be fair, you don't have, I mean, you do have a legitimate debate over this in academia.

However, as far as your typical educated norming is concerned, this is exactly how they're told, how every university student is told, how these programs went down, the cause of them who created it, that somehow children were murdered and raped for no obvious reason, and not just do us off of either, as we know, although they're the dominant researchers in this area, but how the government created it, the government organized, it and of course they don't engage in any actual research in the topic it just goes to show how deeply Jewish power has reached into the academy and into the left

and of course they will strictly talk about ethnic and religious concerns, never economic ones because the whole economic matter unless they're talking about jealousy would mean that there's a class basis to this but the entire class analysis was heavily Jewish and therefore they couldn't

talk about how powerful the Jews were in this part of the world. So the entire thing eventually just became the victimhood Olympics here, trying to figure out how irrational can we paint the Gentiles and how noble and long-suffering can we paint the Jews and never give any context to any of this stuff. G. B. Schlossburg, so rationally familiar with the workings of the Russian state apparatus, suddenly declared out of country in 1933 that the pogroms of 1881 originated not from below, but from above, with Minister Ignatiev, who at that time was still not Minister. The old man's memory failed him.

And there was no doubt that threads of the work of the program could be found in the Department of Police. Thus, the experienced jurist afforded himself dangerous and ugly groundlessness. And yes, here in a serious present-day Jewish journal from a modern Jewish author, we find that, contrary to all the facts and without bringing in new documents, that in Odessa in 1881, a three-day pogrom took place, and that in the Balta Programme, there was direct participation of soldiers and police. 40 Jews were killed and seriously wounded, 170 lightly wounded. We just read in the old Jewish encyclopedia in Balta, one Jew was killed and wounded several. But in the new Jewish encyclopedia,

after a century from the events, we read in Balta, soldiers joined the pogromists, several Jews were killed, hundreds wounded, many women were raped. Pogroms are too savage and horrible, a form of reprisal, for one to so lightly manipulative. casualty figures.

There, splattered-based, is it necessary to begin excavations again? You know, it's important that the more powerful Jews became, the more severe these programs were depicted. Because the Bolshevik Revolution was so massively Jewish, especially in that first generation, Jewish writers then had to go back in time and rewrite history so as to make the Tsars as irrationally anti-Semitic as humanly possible and that

would be because in case anyone notices how Jewish the Bolivics are they could say like you know like idiots today I went to Hamburg from Notre Dame for example is one of them who says well the only reason that Jews were involved in Bolshevism was because

of official anti-Semitism to back that argument to support that argument they have to then go back and recreate and rewrite history such that this was a not a spontaneous revolution only leftists or spontaneous but this came from

the top never really giving a good reason but this came from not from a spontaneous movement below but from the monarchy itself and because of the nature of the early Bolshevik revolution as the years went by

the more brutal these pogroms had to become the more anti-Jewish the czars had to be depicted The causes of those first programs were persistently examined and discussed by contemporaries. As early as 1872 after the Odessa program, the general governor of the Southwestern Kray warned their report that similar events could happen in his Kray also, for here the hatred and hostility toward Jews has an historical basis, and only the material dependence of the peasants upon Jews together with the measures of the administration currently holds back

and an indignant explosion of the Russian population against the Jewish tribe. The general governor reduced the essence of the matter to economics as he reckoned and evaluated the business and manufacturing property in Jewish hands in the southwestern Kray and pointed to the fact that, being increasingly engaged in the rent of land at estates, the Jews have re-rented and shifted this land to the peasants on very difficult terms.

And such a causation received wide recognition, in 1881, which was full of pogroms. In the spring of 1881, Loris Melikoff also reported to his majesty, the deep hatred of the local population toward the Jews who enslave it lies at the foundation of the present disorders, but ill-intentioned people have undoubtedly exploited this opportunity. And thus explained newspapers of the time, examining the causes which provoked the pogroms only a few organs of the periodical press referred to the tribal and religious hatred. The rest think that the pogrom movement arose on economic grounds.

In doing so, some see a protest and the unruly behavior is directed specifically against the Jews in light of their economic dominance over the Russian population. Yet others maintain that the mass of the people in general, squeezed economically, looked for someone to vent their anger out on, and the Jews fit this purpose because of their having little rights, A contemporary of these pogroms, the cited educator v. Portugalov also said, in the Jewish pogroms of the 1880s, I saw an expression of protest by the presence and the urban poor against social injustice.

What's happening here is that the farther you go back, further you go back in history to the very day of these programs, the writing there is very rational. it's only later on as a decades went by that you get less and less rational less and less connected to actual facts for the reasons we've already talked about

but we all know that if this were any other group of people who had this level of economic power against the lower classes especially if they were different ethnically and religiously in any other country there were any other combination of people other than Jews against Gentiles these pogroms would be considered

spontaneous movements for justice would be considered legitimate praiseworthy because they talk about it and everything from the French Revolution on down any of these that wouldn't call them pogroms of course that's specifically a Jewish matter Jacques-Rae I guess would be the proper phrase

that whenever Jews are not involved and there's a class basis these kind of spontaneous attacks are considered perfectly legitimate But the minute you add Jews to it, now it becomes insane and they're just irrational anti-Semites. Therefore, the fact that this has Jews at the top and as a dominant entity changes everything. And it comes down to what we call special pleading or, you know, cognitive dissonance. We can't say what we would say or anyone else because they're Jews.

We have to suppress what we normally would say and come up with a whole story, which, as we all know, was nonsense today. Ten years later, why I guess and emphasize that the Jewish population of the southern Gubernius, in general, was able to find sources of livelihood among the Jewish capitalists, while the local peasantry went through extremely difficult times, as it did not have enough land to which the wealthy Jews contributed in part by re-renting the landowner's lands and raising the rental fee beyond the ability of the peasants. Let us not leave out still another witness known for his impartiality and thoughtfulness whom no one accused of being reactionary or of anti-Semitism. Gleb Eupiniski At the beginning of the 1980s, he wrote, The Jews were beaten up namely because they amassed a fortune on other people's needs, other people's work, and did not make bread with their own hands.

Under canes and lashes, you see, the people endured the rule of the Tatar and the German, but when the Yid began to harass the people for a ruble, they did not take it. Yeah, and this is a key factor. You still had people who honestly believes in some kind of equality. Therefore, they were not going to make special exceptions for the Jews. And it's because this was an inherently hostile minority. It's not just a matter that they had economic power over everybody, and they did, including other Jews in many cases. It's not just that.

It's just that they hated the group of people who they ruled. So it wasn't just to exploit them economically. It was to destroy their mentality. We talked about the taverns with alcohol and prostitution later on, things like pornography. You know, the left had nothing to do with economics. They claimed it was. But the minute the Jew got involved, the minute the Jew was the dominant entity, they either would deny it or just refused.

to even talk about it. So, and that's at the basis here. You had plenty of liberal people saying, yeah, this revolt makes sense. The Jews, and now because the state came down in favor of the Jews and against the pogromis, in reality, the Jews now figured they could do whatever they want because the state was going to, just in the interest of not having unrest, the state was going to come down on their side. So now we can get even more obnoxious.

any other group of people would realize that if they push too hard, they're going to suffer badly. The Jews didn't have that mentality. And that's so there's a whole psychological element to this that other class problems and other parts of the world don't have. And that's because the Jew is involved, which changes everything. But we should note that when soon after the pogroms, a deputation of prominent Jews from the capital headed by Baron G. Ginsburg, came to Alexander III at the beginning of May 1881, His Majesty confidently estimated that in the criminal disorders in the south of Russia, the Jews served only as a pretext that this business was the hand of the anarchists.

What were they? And in those same days, the brother of the czar, the Grand Prince Vladimir Alexandrovich, announced to the same Ginsburg that the disorders, as is now known by the government have their sources not exclusively agitation against the Jews, but an aspiration to the work of sedition in general. And the general governor of the Southwestern Cray also reported that the general excited condition of the population is the responsibility of propagandists.

And in this, the authorities turned out to be well-informed. Such quick statements from them revealed that the authorities did not waste time in the investigation. but because of the usual misunderstanding of the Russian administration at the time and its incomprehension of the role of publicity, they did not report the results of the investigation to the public. Slusberg blames that on the central authority and that it did not even make attempts to indicate itself of accusations of permitting the pogroms. True, but after all, it accused the government, as we saw, of deliberate instigation and

guidance of the pogroms. It is absurd to think to start with pre-gris. proof that you are not a criminal. Let's be clear. One of the most important things to understand is that the concept of propaganda, right, the way that we normally use and define the term, is a leftist invention, very closely connected with the Jewish mentality, the whole Machiavellian idea that it's not just a matter of military force or winning a war, it's also manipulating people mentally.

and monarchies at the time didn't understand that. They didn't think in Machiavellian terms. That's why you had right-wing organizations at the time like the Union of the Russian people who were very large, but they were always going to lose the white armies during the Civil War. They had no chance because they had no connection,

among many other problems they had, no connection with propaganda. They didn't understand it. They didn't know how to use it. They didn't know. And they had the support. In many cases, they had the money, but they didn't know how to put it to good use. They didn't know how to defend their system to the general population.

They didn't think in those terms. We think in terms of campaigns, elections, voting, putting out a candidacy, a message, an image. We think of that as a matter, of course, but that's so vulgar. At the time, that's what the ignorant do. That's what, you know, we don't do things like that. monarchy exists so we don't have to do things like that but the jews and the left in general impose this on them the right was very slow in understanding what propaganda was and and they really to this day i don't think i've learned i've learned their lesson yet not everyone wanted to believe

that the incitements came from the revolutionaries here a jewish memoirs from minks recalls for jews Alexander the third was not a liberator he did not do away with the jews Pala settlement, and although the Jews sincerely mourned his death, let me say, I meant Alexander II. Alexander II was not a liberator. He did not do away with the Jewish Pala settlement, and although the Jews sincerely mourned his death, they did not say a single bad word against the revolutionaries. They spoke with respect about them, that they were driven by heroism and purity of thought.

And during the spring and summer pogroms of 1881, they did not in any way believe that the socialists incited toward them. It was all because of the new czar in his government. Quoting, the government wished for the pogroms. It had to have a scapegoat. And now, when reliable witnesses from the South later indeed confirmed that the socialist engineered them, they continued to believe that it was the fault of the government. However, toward the start of the 20th century, thorough authors admitted, in the press, there is information about the participation of separate members of the party, Nerodnia Volia people's will in the pogroms.

But the extent of this participation is still not clear. Judging by the party organs, members of the party consider the pogroms as a sort of revolutionary activity, suggesting that the pogroms were training the people for revolutionary action, that the action was easiest of all to direct against the Jews now could, in its further development,

come down on the nobles and officials. Accordingly, proclamations, calling for an attack on the Jews were prepared. Today, it is only superficially talked about like something generally known. Quoting, the active propaganda of the Nerodnics, both members of the Nerodnia Volia, and the Black repartition, was prepared to stir rebellion to any fertile soil, including anti-Semitism. From education, Kachev, impressionable predecessor of Lenin and conspiratorial tactics welcomed the broadening pogrom movement.

Indeed, the Novovowski and the weaker, that word, I'm not going to try to, members of the black reputation, could not wait much longer after the murder of the czar, which did not cause instantaneous mass revolution, which had been predicted and expected by them. With such a state of general bewilderment of minds after the murder of the Tsar Liberator, only a slight push was needed for the reeling minds to re-inclined into any direction. Yeah, I think, why don't we stop here? It's been an hour, and we're at a point where the concept has developed. And I think you see this in Freemasonry at the time,

and maybe a few generations before that. monarchies rely on justice and legality natural law in particular not necessarily law on a piece of paper therefore given the time period any chaos was good any violence

was a positive thing we see even in our own society that the old society had to be attacked by releasing the passions like the sexual revolution, for example,

but the minute that old society is gone, the left now has to impose itself on the society with even greater force than had occurred in the past. Yeah, chaos is great when you're pushing the old society out of the way, but the left still wants to rule and control people. So that chaos eventually has to be led, controlled, and this is what purges were. Every revolutionary movement had purges,

every revolutionary movement that ever took over. over, all over the world, had a civil war after it among factions that didn't like the old society because now chaos was a bad thing. Now that the old society has gone, the chaos that we employed to get rid of it, now we have to rule now. Therefore, the chaos has to be destroyed or at least directed in such a way that we could now use it and manipulate it and institutionalize it, which is what Trotsky's whole thing was. You know, the permanent. revolution that the chaos has to always exist but we have to control it there's certain things there's certain parameters that we can't go beyond our ideological parameters but once in a while

unleashing the forces of chaos is a very solid psychological foundation for us to continue our rule and that's what that's what he's talking about here you know of course this was a leftist revolutionary movement but given who was ruling at the time, any chaos, anything that would bring people to question the world around them in any direction was a good thing. And when those parameters fell apart, then the left can, using its numbers, it's, I shouldn't say numbers, it's money, it's propaganda, its support from the, from the West, and all of that to now impose its will on the society. And that's exactly what the Bolshevik revolution eventually was, because the chaos had been unleashed.

now it had to stop and that's what the Russian Civil War was to put a stop to the chaos and then impose our will on it and then of course purges from there on in to make sure that it doesn't it doesn't burst its bombs yet again so chaos is usable but only up to a point and that's what that's the point of what Solzhenitin is talking about here chaos violence this kind of anarchistic way of thinking that's okay but so long as it's used against our enemies it can never be used against us

You know, it's one of the reasons why people like the Polish scholar, Rizard Lagutko, so easily shows how liberalism and this line of thinking intersect because, you know, the perpetual revolution, in liberalism, you're never going to have a foundation. It's always moving towards something better, something that you're never going to see. So you're, you have, I was going to say that your foundation is on sand, but you don't even have a foundation. Yeah. You're, you're just constantly moving. And whoever gets control of that mechanism can make it go any way they want. And it just, and the genius of it is that the propaganda around it is that you're free. You can do whatever you want.

You're free to say whatever you want. You can criticize it whenever you want. And yeah, it's, we just know that it's all bull. It's the same thing in a different rapper. It's genius, but it's diabolically genius. All right. I want to remind everybody in the show notes everywhere. You will see links to supporting Dr. Johnson's work.

So please do that. And we'll be back for episode 19 in a few days. Talk to you soon, my friend. Yes, sir. Thank you. Bye. I want to welcome everyone back to part 19 of our reading of 200 years together by Alexander Solzhenyson. Dr. Johnson, how are you doing today?

I'm doing okay. The cats, I don't know if you noticed, I think it's on YouTube. A few people have noticed that there's a cat pill now because you could hear, I think it's Chbapurdy, you could hear in the background of the last one. So that's going to be a part of this, I think. But my cats are particularly rambunctious today. So it's going to happen again. that's fun it happened it the one time that uh we got your your cat was uh inserting him i think it was inserting herself herself into it was perfectly fun i don't think anyone oh i don't i don't think anyone even made a comment about it i think was on you think someone wrote based and cat pilled so we have a cat pill now kitten actually in her case

but I'm all for the cat pill. That's awesome. All right, here we go, picking up where we left off from the last time. In that generally unenlightened time, that re-inclination could probably have happened in different ways. For example, there was then such a popular conception that the Tsar was killed by nobles in revenge for liberation of the peasants. In Ukraine, anti-Jewish motives existed. Still, it is possible the first movements of spring, 1881, anticipated the plot of the Nora Davoutzi, but right then and there, they suggested which way the wind would blow.

It went against the Jews, never lose touch with the people. A movement from the heart of the masses, of course, why not use it? Beat the Jews, and later we will get to be landowners. And now the unsuccessful pogroms in Edessa and Eccaterina slough were most likely exaggerated by the nerodniks. And the movement of the pogromists along the railroads and participation of the railroad workers in the pogroms. Everything points to the instigation of pogroms by easily mobile agitators, especially with that particularly inciting rumor that they are hiding the order of the czar, namely to beat the Jews for the murder of his father. The public prosecutor of Odessa of the Odessa Judicial Bureau thus emphasize that in

perpetrating the Jewish pogroms, the people were completely convinced of the legality of their actions, firmly believing in the existence of a Tsar's decree, allowing and even authorizing the destruction of Jewish property. And according to Gessen, the realization that had taken root in the people, that the Jews stood outside of the law, and that the authorities defending the Jews could not come out against the people had now taken effect. Noradovsky wanted to use this imaginary notion. Well, I think we ended the last time

in talking about how they were actual leftist groups in this era, the early years of the revolutionary movement in Russia, that saw the Jews, of course, as they were a highly privileged group of people, that if you believe in, you know, labor and socialism, well, they'd have to be the first ones to be disenfranchised. You know, we know how that turned out later, something that Bakunin and the anarchists used to make fun of Marx for. But just as interesting is a notion, and this comes up again and again in Russian history, that there was a decree, an anti-Jewish decree, by the czar himself

that authorized this kind of thing now of course the czar had been murdered but of course there was no such entity the loyalty for the monarchy amongst the peasantry and the working class

was very very strong and that didn't go away I mean it was damaged by the war of course there was also damaged by media manipulation there was no major censorship in Russia at the time although there probably should have been that's just one more article of naifte that we've been talking about

from the very very beginning but that aspect of of the left disappeared pretty quickly the Jews took it over and I mean remember Karl Marx did right Eudean Fraga the Jewish question where he pretty much talks just like just like we would about it. A lot of Marxists don't like that. I think he repudiated it later on in one

form or another, but Karl Marx, coming from that milieu, had no trust for the Jews. I mean, he saw them as the basic, the buttress of capitalism, especially in speculative financial capitalism. So, but no one likes to talk about that anymore. And by this time, by this time, 1881 it had been published as part of his earlier writings Marx was right or mark you know it's almost 40 years almost after the 1848 movement and that's when the the more popular manifesto came out and so Karl Marx is the one who struck this issue this isn't going to be a lasting point of view of the of the left, but you still had some people reading that article, some people who saw,

well, you know, if we're against the wealthy, wouldn't the Jews be part of that? And in a very short time, we know the answer is going to be no. A few such revolutionary leaflets are preserved for history. Such a leaflet from the 30th of August 1881 is signed by the executive committee of the Narodnya Volia, and read straight away in Ukrainian. Quote, who sees the land, land, forests, and taverns, the Yid, from whom Mushik, which is a peasant, do you have to ask for access to your land at times hiding tears from Yids? Wherever you look, wherever you ask, the Yids are everywhere.

The Yid insults people and cheats them, drinks their blood. And it concludes with the appeal. honest working people, free yourselves. And later in the newspaper, Naradnaya Novelia, number six, all attention of the defending people is now concentrated hastily and passionately on the merchants, tavern keepers, and money lenders, in a word, on the Jews, on this local bourgeoisie who avariciously rob working people like nowhere else. And after, in a forward to a leaflet of the Naradnaya Vojia, already in 1883, some corrections.

Quote, the pogroms began as a nationwide movement, but not against the Jews as Jews, but against Yids, that is, exploiter peoples. And in the said leaflet, Zerno, the Cherno pera delsi, the working people, cannot withstand the Jewish robbery anymore. Wherever one goes, almost everywhere, he runs with the Jew Kulok. It runs into the Jew Kulok. The Jew owns the taverns and pubs. The Jew rents land from the landowners, and then re-rents it three times higher to the peasant. He buys the wholesale yields of crops and engages in usury, and in the process charges such interest rates that the people outright call them Yiddish rates. This is our blood, said the peasants to the police officials who came to seize a Jewish property back from them. But the same correction is in Zerno. And far from all among the Jews are, are wealthy, not all of them are Koolocks, discard with the hostility towards differing

peoples and differing fates, and unite with them against the common enemy, the Tsar, the police, the landowners, and the capitalists. Yeah, I think, I guess it was Wednesday, we talked about the concept of, even though this is a, to a great extent, a Jewish organization, talking about the Jews as a, you a privileged class but everything they're saying here is true but you get them to the end what you just read apparently

well it's not Jews as Jews so I don't know why they're talking about Jews at all then if it's just the capitalist and everything else and of course czar and landowners tended to be opponents at the time especially under much of Alexander II

and we're getting to the point now where the landowners were the peasants the police we talked about as almost non-existent so I'm not sure what they're talking about but the only reason if your main enemy is the capitalist and you're talking about the Jews as exploiters and then you say well they're not really exploiters only some of them are well why bring them up at all

the only possible reason would be to try to grab the pogromist idea and then re-educate it to the left. They're trying to take this chaos and use it for their own and channel it for their own purposes. This is, to a great extent, a Jewish organization, which makes people's will a very interesting name for it.

But now you have the beginning of leftist terrorism, which has always been, especially in Russia, the providence of the Jews. But bringing up the Jews as exploiters and then saying, well, they're not all exploiters, Well, again, bringing up in the first place doesn't make any sense unless you're trying to re-educate this pogromist idea and turn it leftward. However, these corrections already came late. Such leaflets were later reproduced in Elizabethraud and other cities in the south, and in the South Russian workers Soviet in Kiev, where the pogroms were already over.

the Narodniks tried to stir them up again in 1883, hoping to renew and through them to spread the Russian-wide revolution. Of course, the pogrom wave in the south was extensively covered in the contemporary press in the capital. In the reactionary Moscovici Vodomosti, M.N. Kotkoff, who always defended the Jews, branded the pogroms as originating with malicious intrigures, who intentionally darkened the popular consciousness. forcing people to solve the Jewish question, albeit not by a path of thorough study, but with the help of raised fists. Should mention, Katkov tends to be thrown into the right wing of Russian opinion. But just like today, you have a big difference between civic nationalists and ethnic nationalists. Katko is one of the civic nationalists, pro-petrine, very urbanized, that kind of thing.

I don't think he should be called reactionary. He was a royalist, and by some bizarre logical gymnastics came to the conclusion that Jews are an ally of the crown. The articles by prominent writers stand out. I.S. Aksikov, a steadfast opponent of complete civil liberty for the Jews, attempted to warn the government against two daring steps on this path as early as the end of the 1850s. Let me interrupt you right here.

Aksakov, one of the leaders of the, well, in the same family anyway, is the Slavophiles, is the opposite. The Slavophile movement was the ethnic and religious part of the nationalist movement. Kakov was the opposite. When a law came out allowing Jews with higher degrees to be employed in the administration, he objected 1862, saying that the Jews are a bunch of people who completely reject Christian teachings, the Christian ideal, and code of morality, and therefore the entire foundation of Russian society, and practice a hostile and antagonistic faith. He was against political emancipation of the Jews, though he did not reject their equalization in purely civil rights, in order that the Jewish people could be provided complete freedom in daily life, self-management, development, enlightenment, commerce, and even allowing them to reside in all of Russia. In 1867, he wrote that economically speaking, we should talk not about emancipation for Jews, but rather about the emancipation of Russians from Jews.

He noted the blank indifference of the liberal press to the conditions of peasants' life and their needs. And now Exakoff explained the wave of pogroms in 1881 as a manifestation of the popular anger against Jewish yoke over the Russian local people. That's why during the pogroms there was an absence of theft, only the destruction of property, and a kind of simple-hearted conviction in the justness of their actions. And he repeated that it was worth putting the question, not about Jews enjoying equal rights with Christians, but about the equal rights of Christians with Jews. Jews about abolishing factual inequality of the Russian population in the face of the Jews. On the other hand, an article by M. E. Sossakov Schraden was full of indignation. The history has never drawn on its pages a question more difficult, more devoid of humanity, and more torturous than the Jewish question. There is not a more inhumane and mad legend

and that coming out of the dark ravines of the distant past, carrying the mask of disgrace, alienation, and hatred. Whatever the Jew undertakes, he always remained stigmatized. Shreden did not deny that a significant contingent of money lenders and exploiters of various kinds are enlisted from the Jews, but he asked, can we really place blame on the whole Jewish tribe on account of one type? Yeah, you know, he, this was a very brief summary of, three basic points of view

of the Jewish question in the Russian Empire in late 19th century the only difference over the next 20, 30 years is going to be the leftist the Jewish takeover of the left such that there's no mention of the Yid anymore

they're trying to make a distinction between Jews as a group of people in Yid or a negative you know a term with negative connotation those are the exploitors and that's Yeah, there's some truth to that, except it's very naive in the sense that the group is always going to come first. And that's why Jewish cohesion, even over money in many cases, cohesion is far more important.

And that is something we can learn. Definitely we can learn from that. Cohesion. Numbers don't matter. Cohesion matter. So that's just a very brief summary of the basic points of view. people like Dostoevsky was in the Slavophile point of view in that regard. Because Dostoevsky wrote at great length on the Jewish question in Russia.

Examining the whole discussion of that time, a present-day Jewish author writes, quote, the liberal and conditionally speaking progressive press was defending the thugs. And the pre-revolutionary Jewish encyclopedia comes to a similar conclusion. Quote, yet in the progressive circle, sympathies towards of woes of the Jewish people were not displayed sufficiently. They looked at this catastrophe from the viewpoint of the aggressor, presenting him as a destitute peasant, and completely ignoring the moral sufferings and material situation of the mob Jewish people.

And even the radical patriot notes evaluated it thus. The people rose up against the Jews because, quote, they took upon themselves the role of pioneers of capitalism because they live according to the new truth and confidently draw their own comfortable prosperity from the new source at the expense of the surrounding community, and therefore it was necessary that the people be protected from the Jew and the Jew from the people, and for this, this condition of the peasants needs to be improved. So you're an elite Jew at the time. You notice right away that their ultimate nightmare is coming true.

All segments of the politically literate population are against them. Their reasoning might be different, but they had very few friends. Because if you were a socialist, Jews were a wealthy part of the community. You can't support them there. The right wing had a bunch of reasons, including that, to reject the Jewish infiltration in society. The church certainly did. Some people tried to play both sides off against each other. And this is why it was so central for the Jews to take over the left.

and run it right up to the Bolshevik revolution, as we all know. In a letter from a Christian on the Jewish question published in the Jewish magazine, Rasmet, D. Mordofssev, a writer sympathetic to the Jews, pessimistically urged the Jews to emigrate to Palestine and America, seeing only in this solution to the Jewish question in Russia. Jewish social political journalism and the memoirs of this period expressed grievance because the printed publications against the Jews, both from the right and from the revolutionary left, followed immediately after the programs. Soon, and all the more

energetically because of the programs, the government would strengthen restrictive measures against the Jews. It is necessary to take note of and understand this insult. It is necessary to thoroughly examine the position of the government. The general solutions to the problem were being sought in discussions in government and administrative spheres. In a report to his majesty, N.P. Ignatiev, the new minister of internal affairs, outlined the scope of the problem for the entire previous reign. Recognizing the harm to the Christian population from the Jewish economic activity, their tribal exclusivity, and religious fanaticism, in the last 20 years, the government has tried to blend the Jews with the rest of the

population using a whole row of initiatives and has almost made the Jews equal in rights with the native inhabitants. However, the present anti-Jewish movement incontrovertibly proves that despite all the efforts of the government, the relations between the Jews and the native population of these regions remain abnormal as in the past because of the economic issues. After the easing of civil restrictions, the Jews have not only seized commerce and trade, but they have acquired significant landed property. Moreover, because of their cohesion and solidarity, they have, with few exceptions,

directed all their efforts not toward the increase of the productive strength of the state, but primarily toward the exploitation of the poorest classes of the surrounding population. And now after we have crushed the disorders and defended the Jews from violence, it seems just an urgent to adopt no less energetic measures for the elimination of these abnormal conditions, between the native inhabitants and the Jews and protect the population from the harmful activity of the Jews.

I think everyone can agree that one of the weakest parts of the normie phyllosemitic point of view is the motives that they ascribe to people like us or the pogromists. Now, that prejudice clearly didn't exist at the time.

You know, they talk about all the expulsions, all the riots over the centuries, over the millennia, against Jews all over Europe, and they really don't have an answer. Why is it always them? Why is it just them? And why are the complaints identical in every case, no matter where you go, it's the exact same problem. There are a set of problems. And that's something that the regime can't handle. They don't really have an answer to it. The most they, you know, the Frankfurt School tried to claim it was a mental illness.

You have, you know, most of the time it's just jealousy or blind hate or something like that. At least this guy who's trying to be reasonable about the whole thing, saying that, no, there's a reason that the Jews are singled out. And he summarizes it brilliantly. We could use this paragraph from Ignatio as a summary of pretty much everything we've talked about thus far. And the fact that everything that the state has tried to do has failed, because ultimately it comes down to their wealth and their bitter hatred of the, especially the Russian Orthodox Gentile. Now, he doesn't use, that doesn't say hatred, but that's pretty much what he's talking about. The ethnic group exists as a parasitic growth on Russian society. It's essentially an organized crime unit.

And we seem to be totally helpless in the face of it. And yet nothing has changed no matter what the government has tried to do and we've gone over this ad nauseum in way too much detail. We've gone over this and nothing has changed. But he's assuming and correctly, obviously, that there's a reason why they're being targeted

and now we're just getting into the very beginning of the riots against the Jews all over the empire. And clearly it's not just Russia. But I think the weakest normie, part of their intellectual edifice defending the Jews, they don't have a ready explanation for why this stuff happens over and over and over again. Even in the most

biosemitic country on earth, the U.S. and Britain today, some of the blinders are starting to fall off given Israeli policy on Gaza. And that's a very weak part of their whole argument in Ignatio, again, trying to be reasonable says there's good reason they're not just burning down stores and as we read in a couple

of paragraphs ago they're not just they're not just destroying thing it's not like a race riot they're they have a very specific target and a very specific set of reasons for picking that target and that's where they go they're not just burning things down for the sake of burning them down and that's the one concept that you just you know their head will explode if you bring that up today? I was reading, I've done some reading on Jewish philosophers from back at the time that the Frankfurt School was being formed and the whole mental illness argument. The mental illness argument always seemed to me to be the most, the one that bothered me the most, because if you honestly believe that it's a mental illness, then there's only two ways to deal with that.

you either kill the people that you think are mentally ill, or you seek to come up with ways to sedate them. Yeah, yeah, drug them up, neutralize them, yeah. Yeah. Yeah. Actually, specifically, I'm referring to the book, The Authoritarian Personality. Yeah, that's disgusting. Yeah, which came, that was the mental illness argument there from the Frankfurt School.

And in accordance with that, in November 1881, the governmental commissions comprised of representatives of all social strata and groups, including Jewish, were established in 15 Gubernayas of the Jewish Pala Settlement and also in the Karkoff Gubernaia. The commissions ought to examine the Jewish question and propose their ideas on its resolution. It was expected that the commissions will provide answers on many factual questions, such as, in general, which aspects of Jewish economic activity are most harmful for the way of life of the native population in the region, which difficulties hinder the enforcement of laws regulating the purchase and rental of land, trade and spirits, and usury by Jews, which charges are necessary to

eliminate evasion of these laws by Jews, which legislative and administrative measures in general are necessary to negate the harmful influence of the Jews in various kinds of economic activity, the liberal Polanskaya inter-ministerial high commission established two years later for the revision of laws on the Jews noted that the harm from the Jews, their bad qualities and traits were somewhat recognized a priori in the program that was given by the provincial commissioners, commissions. It's like deja vu. How many of these commissions are they going to have? all asking the same questions and ultimately coming up with the same answers.

It's like nothing happened before this. It's like they just discovered this question. The commission on the Jewish question, how many, there's been dozens so far. And nothing has changed from when the original Dershaven commission answered the question. Nothing's changed since then.

That's almost 100 years old in the era that we're talking about here. Yeah, it's a mirror of, the civil rights regime here. Yet many administrators in those commissions were pretty much liberal as they were brought up in the stormy epoch of Tsar Alexander II's reforms, and moreover, public delegates participated also, and Ignatyev's ministry received rather inconsistent answers. Several commissions were in favor of abolishing the Jewish Pala settlement.

individual members of the commissions, and there were not few, declared that the only just solutions to the Jewish question was a general repeal of all restrictions. On the other hand, the Vilnius Commission stated that because of mistakenly understood notion of universal human equality wrongly applied to Judaism to the detriment of the native people, the Jews managed to seize economic supremacy that the Jewish law permits to profit from any weakness and gullibility of Gentile. Let the Jews renounce their seclusion and isolation. Let them reveal the secrets of their social organization allowing light where only

darkness appeared to outsiders, and only then can one think about opening new spheres of activity to the Jews without fear that Jews wish to use the benefits of the nation, not being members of the nation, and not taking up themselves a share of the national burden. Basically, that's what Dershavan said. And Vilnius, the Baltics, in Lithuania, there's a heavily Jewish area. This isn't coming from prejudice. It's people who live there, people who are a part of this. Dershavan said the exact same thing.

With a group like the Jews, you can't talk about abstract rights, because nothing here is abstract. And you can't talk about, you know, shining light and darkness. I mean, we could talk about it. I mean, there's been plenty of Jewish converts, you know, Don Rosenberg, many others, who have rejected all this, but they're, you know, fairly few. I mean, you know, we're supposed to be converting everybody. But what you're asking here is that it do not be a Jew anymore. In other words, to convert.

That's really the only option. And, of course, force conversions are not conversions by definition. So the only thing we can do is talk like this. Of course, the other option, as we already heard, is expulsion to Palestine or, America, thank you very much. Regarding residents in the village and Hamlets, the commissions found that necessary to restrict the rights of the Jews

to forbid them to live there altogether or to make it conditional upon the agreement of the village communities. Some commissions recommended completely depriving the Jews of the right to possess real estate outside of those cities and small towns and others proposed establishing restrictions. The commission showed that the most

unanimity in prohibiting any Jewish monopoly on alcohol sales and villages. The ministry gathered the opinions of the governors, and with rare exceptions, comments from the regional authorities were not favorable to the Jews to protect the Christian population from so haughty a tribe as to Jews, one can never expect the Jewish tribe to dedicate its talents to the benefit of the homeland. Talmudic morals do not place any obstacles before the Jews if it is a question of making money at the expense of someone outside the tribe. Yet the Karkoff General Governor did not consider it possible to take restrictive measures against the whole Jewish population without distinguishing the lawful from the guilty.

He proposed to expand the right of movement for Jews and spread enlightenment among them. The good thing that we have going at this point is that Alexander III, my favorite of the modern czars, one of the greatest czars in Russian history had taken over and he wasn't going to put up with this anymore. Unfortunately he died young and his son of course is Nicholas II. This is also

the rise as people I put up at Pobranosiev who educated who are part of the legal and the educational movement, one of the more sane people in terms of the monarchy and its relationship to the Jews but now you have people here talking about

Talmudic morals. That wasn't the case 80 years earlier It's not like this is a big secret I mean you have to go searching for it But you know You're talking about you know Russian cities that are literate and I think the Talmud was still encoded

At the time But it's not like this was something that people didn't know It was all over the place And everything that this guy says here This commission says here Is absolutely correct Although we've heard it a hundred times before Up until this point

that same autumn by ignatio's initiative a special committee on the jews was established the ninth by count already with three permanent members two of them professors with the task of analyzing the materials of the provincial commissions and in order to draft a legislative bill the previous commission for the organization of the life of the jews that is the eighth committee on jews which existed since eighteen seventy two was soon abolished due to mismatch between its purpose and the present state of the Jewish question. The new committee proceeded with a conviction that the goal of integrating the Jews with the rest of the population, toward which the government had striven for the last 25 years, had turned out to be unobtainable. Therefore, the difficulty of resolving the complicated Jewish question compels us to turn for the instruction to the old times, when various novelties did not yet penetrate neither hours nor foreign legislations and did not bring with them the regrettable consequences which usually appear upon adoption of new things that are contrary to the

national spirit of the country. From time immemorial, the Jews were considered aliens and should be considered as such. Guess and comments, the reactionary could not go further, and if you were so concerned about the national foundations, then why you didn't worry about you? genuine emancipation of the peasantry during the past 20 years, and it was also true that Zara Alexander II's emancipation of the peasants proceeded in a confused, unwholesome, and corrupt environment. However, in government cities, there were still people who did not consider it possible in general to change the policy of the preceding reign, and they were in important posts and strong. And some ministers opposed Ignatio's proposals. Seeing resistance, he divided the

proposed measures into fundamental, for which passing in the regular way required moving through the government and the state council and provincial, which could, by law, be adopted through an accelerated and simplified process. To convince the rural population that the government protects them from the exploitation of the Jews, the permanent residents of Jews outside of their towns and Stettles, and the government was powerless to protect them from pogroms in the scattered villages, and buying and renting real estate there, and also trading in spirits, was prohibited. And regarding the Jews already living there, it granted to the rural communities the right to evict Jews from the villages based upon a verdict of the village meeting.

But other ministers, particularly the Minister of Finance, N.K.H. Bunj. And the Minister of Justice, D.N. Nabokov, did not let Ignatzev implement these measures. They rejected the bill, claiming that it was impossible to adopt such extensive prohibited measures without debating them within the usual legislative process. So much for the boundless and malicious arbitrariness of the Russian autocracy. You know, it's things like this that brought me to specialize in this topic all those decades ago that your typical view of the Russian autocracy can't stand up to scrutiny when you read about processes like this.

Zars simply didn't put their stamp on it, and it happened. No, I don't care if you're just a plain old dictator, you have to keep powerful groups happy. You're not going to last very long. But one of the great things of Alexander III is that he was one of the first to build an entire factory legislation for workers. Workers were extremely well treated in the Russian Empire, thank them. And Bunga actually was a big part of that. This is also the era where the peasants had full title to their land. The peasant land bank was created.

And peasants became, but whether it be communal or otherwise, fully attached to the land that they owned and that they could have in perpetuity. Not to mention legislation against compound interest and things like that. And not all of this was in the face of the Jews, but some of this certainly was. But you see here that this is not just an arbitrary autocracy. This is how they had a process, thanks to Alexander II, that substantial legislation had to go through to become law. But Alexander III was not the type to be patient like this. And my first book, the third Rome, the whole argument of the thing, was that only a very powerful monarch or military leader or something like that was able to go over the heads of corrupted elites, elites that may be in bed with Jews or other powerful people, and impose his will. and that's why I always say every country has a choice

either the common good which is military government or a monarchy or some form of liberal democracy which is essentially oligarchy Alexander III was one of the proofs of that and then he was able to create the tremendous amount of reform that was followed well I guess Germany was doing it at roughly the same time

which shouldn't surprise anybody because there you have, again, a very strong monarchy, and they were able to do it because they had the power to go over the heads of the capitalist elite at the time. So for the left to try to connect the czar with the capitalists, no, they were opponents, and they remained opponents to the right to the end of the empire. Ignatsev's fundamental measures did not pass,

and the provisional ones passed only in a greatly truncated form. Rejected were the, the provisions to evict the Jews already living in the villages, to forbid their trade and alcohol or their renting and buying land in villages. And only because of the fear that the pogroms might happen again around Easter of 1882, a temporary measure until passing of comprehensive legislation about the Jews was passed, which prohibited the Jews again henceforth to take residence and enter into ownership or make use of real estate property outside of their towns and Stettles, that is in the villages, and also forbade them to

trade on Sundays and Christian holidays. Concerning the Jewish ownership of local real estate, the government acted to suspend temporarily the completion of sales and purchase agreements and loans in the name of the Jews, the notarization of real estate rental agreements, and the proxy management and disposal of property by them. This mere relic of Ignatiov's proposed measures was approved on the third. 3rd of May 1882, under the title of temporary regulations, known as the May regulations. And Ignatia of himself went into retirement after a month and his committee on the Jews

ceased its brief existence and a new minister of internal affairs, Count D.A. Tolstoy issued a stern directive against possible new pogroms, placing full responsibility on the provincial authorities for the timely prevention of disorders. Thus, according to the temporary regulations of 1882, the Jews who had settled in rural regions before the 3rd of May were not evicted. Their economic activity there was essentially unrestricted. Moreover, these regulations only applied to the gubernillas of permanent Jewish settlement, not the gubernayas of the Russian interior. And these restrictions did not extend to doctors, attorneys, and engineers. i.e. individuals with the right of universal residence according to educational requirement.

These restrictions also did not affect any existing Jewish colonies engaged in agriculture, and there was still a considerable and later growing list of rural sediments, according to which, in exception to the temporary regulations, Jews were permitted to settle. I want to remind the listeners here that after Alexander II, Russia at the local and county level was very democratic, in the good sense of the term, not the bad sense of the term. You keep referring to the peasant communes here, where most day-to-day laws had to go through. That was completely, that was, you know, democracy in the normal sense where you have, everyone has a voice and a vote, and rarely did anything get done without full humidity. Then at the Zemstvo level, the county level, everything was elected.

Usually it had an upper house and a lower house. Of course, the Cossacks and others on the fringes of the empire always had their own democratic systems. That's where the law was to be found, regulations day-to-day. And, of course, in the cities, you had the Artel, which is just the commune for urban workers, where the commune owned their tools and they took a chunk of the majority of what they earn every day and a lot of these were made firm and institutionalized even more by Alexander III where you couldn't mistreat workers or peasants anymore

especially urban workers and factories because Russia is industrializing very quickly something that's driving the British crazy and we all know who was running Britain at the time. So Alexander III was trying to be reasonable. He realizes that if you're a Jewish doctor, generally speaking, or an engineer, you're not necessarily a parasite. You're producing something. But there's a list of exceptions here that we just read. But in general, the notion, the threat here in the Jewish mind was that democracy, they couldn't handle it.

Because no one liked them. So at the Zemstva level, at the urban level, at the peasant commune level, they were empowered to do what they needed to do to protect themselves. So to think that Russia was just this top-down autocracy is absurd. The opposite was true. It's infinitely more democratic, again, in the good sense of the term, than the U.S. today. After issuance of the regulations, inquiries began flow. following from the regions and Senate explanations were issued in response. For example, that journeys through rural regions, temporary stops, and even temporary stays

of individuals without the right of permanent residents are not permitted by the law of the 3rd of May 1882, that only the rent of real estates and agrarian lands is prohibited, while rents of all other types of real estate properties such as distillation plants, buildings for trade and industry, and living quarters is not prohibited. it. Also, the Senate deems permissible the notarization of lumbering agreements with the Jews, even if the clearing of a forest was scheduled for a prolonged period, and even if the buyer of the forest was allowed use of the underbrush land. And finally, that violations of the law of 3rd of May would not be subjected to criminal prosecution. It is necessary to recognize

these Senate clarifications as mitigating, and in many respects good-natured. In the 1880s, the Senate wrestled with the arbitrary interpretation of the laws. However, the regulations forbidding the Jews to settle outside the towns and Stettles and or to own real estate, extremely restricted alcohol distillation business by Jews as Jewish participation in desolation before the 3rd of May regulations was very significant. It was exactly this measure to restrict the Jews in the rural wine trade first proposed as early as 1804 that stirred universal indignation at the extraordinary severity of the May regulations, even though it was only implemented and incompletely at that in 1882. The government stood before a difficult choice to expand the wine industry

in the face of peasant proneness to drunkenness and thus to deepen the peasant poverty and to restrict the free growth of this trade by letting the Jews already living in the villages to remain while stopping others from coming. And that choice, restriction, was deemed cruel. When they say wine, I don't know why they keep saying wine. Overwhelmingly, we're talking about vodka here, other than being alcoholic, they're not even closely related. But how many times has the tavern and the alcohol distillation trade come up since we started this?

a hundred times clearly this is one of the main complaints because alcohol was a way that the Jews manipulated the peasantry you know they were the ones who were promoting peasant drunkenness

there's nothing special about Russian genes that promotes that's that's nonsense or Irish or anyone else for that matter there's a reason that that happened it was a weapon of the Jews and of course we've also spoken of what the taverns really were

where the Jews were promoting there. And, but because this is coming up over and over and over again, it shows that the government's really struggling to do something about it and also shows that this is one of the main issues. And when there was contempt and hatred about the Jews, for the most part, it came down to the use of alcohol to manipulate peasants. Yet how many Jews lived in rural, regions in 1882. We have already come across post-revolutionary estimates from the state archives.

One third of the entire Jewish population of the pale lived in villages. Another third lived in Stettles. 29% lived in mid-sized cities and 5% in the major cities. So the regulations now prevented the village third from further growth. Today, these May regulations are portrayed as a decisive and irrevocably repressive boundary of Russian history. A Jewish author writes, this was the first push toward emigration, first internal migration, then massive overseas migration. The first cause of Jewish emigration was the Ignatsev temporary regulations, which violently threw around one million Jews out of the hamlets and villages and into the towns and

stettles of the Jewish pale. Wait a second. How did they throw the Jews out and an entire million at that? didn't they apparently only prevent new arrivals? No, no. It was already picked up and sent rolling that from 1882 the Jews were not only forbidden to live in the villages everywhere, but in all the cities too, except in the 13 Gubernius, and that they were moved back to the Scheddels of the pale. That is why the mass emigration of the Jews from Russia began. Well, set the record straight. The first time the idea about Jewish

emigration from Russia to America voiced was as early as in 1869 at the Conference of the Alliance of the World Jewish Union, with the thought that the first two settled there with the help of the alliance and local Jews would become a magnet for their Russian co-religionists. Moreover, the beginning of the emigration of Jews from Russia dates back to the mid-19th century and gained significant momentum after the pogroms of 1881. But only since the mid-1890s does emigration become a major phenomenon of Jewish economic life, assuming a massive scale. Note that it says economic life, not political life. This is, in other words, what he's saying in here, this is the beginning of another form of

Zionism, that is the movement to the real center of the Jewish world, which is the U.S. and of course so-called programs and it's nonsense they realized that a liberal democracy is easy to manipulate

which is why Britain and the U.S. were so central to this. Notice this is after the American Civil War everything was changing railroads all this stuff was centralizing economic power the trust came into existence really for the first time

this was a total magnet for for Jewish power. I will say to this day that true Zionism and the Jewish mind is in New York rather than Tel Aviv. From a global viewpoint, Jewish immigration into the United States in the 19th century was part of an enormous century-long and worldwide historical process. There were three successive ways of Jewish immigration to America. First, the Spanish-Portuguese, Sephardic wave, then the German wave from Germany and Austria-Hungary, and only then from Eastern Europe and Russia, the Ashkenazik. For reasons not addressed here, a major historical

movement of Jewish emigration to the U.S. took place in the 19th century, and not only from Russia. In light of the very lengthy Jewish history, it is difficult to overestimate the significance of this emigration. You can say that again. That's right. And from the Russian Empire, a river of Jewish emigration went all through the Guburnayas that made up the Jewish palest settlement, but Poland, Lithuania, and Bailorussia gave the greatest number of emigrants, meaning they did not come from Ukraine, which was just experiencing the pogroms. The reason for this was this emigration was the same throughout, overcrowding, which created intra-Jewish economic competition.

Moreover, relying on Russian state statistics, V. Telnikov turns our attention to the last two decades of the 19th century, just after the pogroms of 1881, 1882, comparing the resettlement of Jews from the Western Kray, where there were no programs to the southwest where there were. The latter was numerically not less and was possibly more than the Jewish departure out of Russia. In addition, in 1880, according to official data, 34,000 Jews lived in the internal Gubernaius, while 17 years later, according to the census of of 1897, there were already 315,000, a ninefold increase. Of course, the pogroms of 1881, 1882 caused a shock, but was it really a shock for the whole

of Ukraine? For example, Sliusburg writes, the 1881 programs did not alarm the Jews in Pultova, and soon they forgot about them. In the 1880s in Paltava, the Jewish youth did not know about the existence of the Jewish question and in general did not feel isolated from the Russian youth. The pogroms of 1881 to 1882 in their complete suddenness could have seemed inrepeatable and the unchanging Jewish economic poll was prevailing. Go settle hither where less Jews live. Well, for one thing, intra-Jewish competition is out of the question. That's something that could tear Judaism apart.

That's part of the reason for the immigration, not just to the U.S., but elsewhere as well. And as I've said before, I guess it was last time or two shows ago, that these pogroms weren't anywhere near what the Jews say. Most of the people who were killed were Russians, not Jews, the Jews overwhelmingly. And we'll, you know, I have a paper out on it, and I got my start on this question because of this very book. Jews often were the instigators. As I've mentioned before, Jews in, you know, the former Polish Empire, now part of Russia, were very well armed, were extremely cohesive, and more so than the Russians that they lived among. So, yeah, they forgot about them, they forgot about them because it wasn't that big of a deal. But the Jewish press in Britain and America, of course, was already starting.

I have quotes from the American Jewish press This is roughly around the time where the 6 million number shows up And it's going to repeat over and over and over again Long before World War I even And it started here Where 6 million Jews in Russian Ukraine Are going to be killed or imprisoned In the prison of nations or whatever the slogan was

The 6 million number because of the programs the way that they were interpreted in the U.S. or lied about in the U.S. is the first time you start hearing the 6 million figure. I don't know about other languages off the top of my head, but at least in English, that number shows up now for the first time because of these so-called pogroms. I think this is a good place to stop and pick up on the next episode. Yeah, there's a slight change in the subject.

Correct, yeah. All right, as per usual, please, check the show notes on this. I have hot links to where you can support Dr. Johnson's work. Again, Dr. Johnson does this full time, and it's through your generosity that allows him to research these things and bring this information to us. And from what I'm hearing, people are thinking that this is going to be a series that is going to be studied for a very long time. I've heard the same. I'm very pleased with that. Yeah. All right.

Until the next episode. Thank you, Dr. Johnson. All right, my friend. Bye-bye. I want to welcome, everyone, back to part 20 of our reading of 200 years together by Alexander Solzhenyson. Dr. Johnson, how are you doing today? I'm doing pretty well, despite the fact that it's going to be 75 degrees. Really, anything over 60, I got the air conditioning on.

I don't know. It might be pathological. I'd last five minutes down in places like Louisiana. all right um as we were talking about before we started with this there's four pages left in this and then we're going to do a wrap up of what we've uh what we've seen so far so i'm going to pick up where we left off and um as per usual interrupt when you uh when you want to when you need to but undoubtedly and inarguably a decisive turn of progressive and educated jury away from the hopes of a complete integration with the nation of russia and the russian population

began in 1881. G. Aronson even concluded hastily that the 1771 Odessa program shattered the illusions of assimilation. No, it wasn't that way yet, but if, for example, we follow the biographies of prominent and educated Russian Jews, then around 1881 to 1882, we will note in many of them a drastic change in their attitudes towards Russia and about possibilities of complete assimilation. By then, it was already clear and not contested that the pogrom wave was indubitably spontaneous without any evidence for the complicity of the authorities. On the contrary, the involvement of the revolutionary Nerodnix was proven. However, the Jews did not forgive the Russian government for these pogroms and never have since.

And although the pogroms originated mainly with the Ukrainian population, the Russians have not been forgiven, and the pogroms have always been tied with the name of Russia and this is why years ago I decided to write on the subject and amongst our people there's very few essays

and books on but they're not talking about the pogroms they're talking about how the press described them how Jewish opinion through the grapevine describe them very few if any Jews were killed here

Russians were killed Ukrainians were killed It didn't come from From nothing The state that everything could To stop it And as the decades War on

Right until today Jews You know As is their Tendency Wildly exaggerated What happened But even if that never happened

Concepts of assimilation Of Jews They would They would cease to be Jews You know, you can't be anything but a Jew with the Talmud. It essentially would amount to conversion. Of course, it also depends on how you define assimilation. I mean, speaking to language, dressing like everybody else, or is it deeper than that?

It really depends on how you define the term. The pogroms of the 1880s sobered many of assimilation, but not all the idea of assimilation still remained a lot. And here, other Jewish publicists moved to the other extreme. In general, it was impossible for Jews to live among other people. They will always be looked upon as alien, and the Palestinian movement began to grow quickly. It was under the influence of the 1881 pogroms that the Odessa Dr. Lev Pinsker published his brochure, Auto-Emancipation. The appeal of a Russian Jew to his fellow tribesmen in Berlin in 1882 and anonymously, It made a huge impression on Russian and Western European Jewry.

It was an appeal about the ineradicable foreignness of the Jews in eyes of surrounding people. We will discuss this further in Chapter 7. This may well be the first example of a major Zionist publication. I can't say that with 100% certainty, but at least as far as a major publication. self or auto emancipation was huge and it influenced everything that came after this may well have been the first substantial kind of semi-scholally offering in that field of course using these these programs as an excuse though plenty of russians had no problem with it p axelrod claims that it was then that radical jewish youths discovered that russian society

would not accept them as their own, and thus they began to depart from the revolutionary movement. However, the assertion appears to be too far-fetched. In the revolutionary circles, except the Naradneavalia, they did always think of the Jews as their own. However, despite the calling of attitudes of the Jewish intelligentsia toward assimilation, the government, as a result of inertia from Alexander II's reign, for a while maintained a sympathetic attitude towards the Jewish problem and did not yet fully replace it by a harshly restrictive approach. After the year-long ministerial activities of Count Ignatiev, who experienced such persistent opposition on the Jewish question from liberal forces in the upper governmental spheres,

an imperial high commission for revision of the active laws about the Jews and the empire was established in the beginning of 1883, or as it was named for the chairman, Count Palenskaya Commission, so that by then it became the 10th such Jewish committee. It consisted of 15 to 20 individuals from the upper administration, members of ministerial councils, department doctors, some were members of great families such as Bestujov, Rumen, Gulletson, and Sparansky, and it also included. included seven Jewish experts, influential financiers, including Baron Ginzburg and Samuel Poliakov, and prominent public figures such as Ja'a, Galpern, physiologist, and publicist, and Basques.

It is highly likely that the favorable attitude of the majority of the members of the commission toward resolution of the Jewish question was caused, in certain degree, by the influence of Basque. and Rabbi A. Drabgen, in large part, it was these Jewish experts who prepared the materials for the commission's consideration. Yeah, so it was useless. This is at least the 10th one, at least the 10th major one. It's run by Jews, and the non-Jews here are in business with them, especially Gleet. This is an absolute farce by this point. what the Jews were worried about was another Djaven who, you know, looked at this thing objectively and came out with, you know, 1800, with the facts that we now know today and those haven't gone away.

But what that last sentence means is that it was the Jews who dominated the committee and offered the data that the commission would then analyze. So the whole thing was useless. It was just solely Jewish self-interest from the very beginning. The majority of the Palenskaya Commission expressed a conviction that the final goal of legislation concerning the Jews should be nothing other than its abolition, that there is only one outcome and only one path, the path of liberation and unification of the Jews with the whole population under the protection of the same laws. indeed rarely in Russian legislation did such complicated and contradictory laws pile up and the laws about Jews that accumulated over the decades 626 statutes by 1885 and they were still added later and in the Senate they constantly researched and interpreted their wording and even if the Jews did not perform their duties as citizens in equal measure with others nevertheless it was

impossible to deprive the Jew of those fundamentals on which his existence was based, his equal rights as a subject. Agreeing that several aspects of internal Jewish life require reforming and that certain Jewish activities constituted exploitation of the surrounding population, the majority of the commission condemned the system of repressive and exclusionary measures. The commission set as the legislative goal to equalize the rights of Jews with those of all other subjects, although it recommended the utmost cautioning gradualness. with this. What else did we expect out of this? But the sheer amount of not just laws, because

remember the Senate was essentially a Supreme Court, you have volume after volume after volume of laws and interpretations and regulations on the Jews. Nothing changed. But all of these commissions, all of these attempts at reform, all based on the same nonsensical assumption, all based on the same total lack of learning that no one learns their lesson here and making matters worse this last commission is just going to add to it

with Jews of course running the entire thing and it just goes to show how powerful they'd become in Russia of all places that they actually could run this that wasn't necessarily the case before certainly not in 1800 and 1801, but this just symbolizes the power that Jewish, and these are bankers, as it says here.

Finaniteers had come to run this question. Jews really can't be talking about themselves, especially when their contribution to Russian life was almost entirely negative. Practically, however, the commission only succeeded in carrying out a partial mitigation of the restrictive laws. Its greatest efforts were directed of the temporary regulations of 1882, particularly in regard to the renting of land by Jews. The Commission made the argument as if in the defense of the landowners, not the Jews, prohibiting Jews to rent manorial lands not only impedes the development of agriculture, but also leads to a situation when certain types of agriculture remain in complete idleness in the Western Kray. to the loss of the landowners as there is nobody to whom they could lease them. However, the Minister of Interior Affairs, D.A. Tolstoy, agreed, and the minority of the commission, the prohibition against new land leasing transactions, would not be repealed.

The problem with having people like Leitzen and others running this, and non-Jews, running this commission, I mean, these were overwhelmingly secular men. they did not represent Russia at all and because of the close connection with banking and the charging of interest they all were in business

with the Jewish elite possibly including the men on the commission and so nothing that they say can be trusted they're just they just you take out of thin air the idea that agriculture somehow is going

to be harmed by prohibiting Jews to rent land. They were well aware that Jews own land and various guises and various methods that using debt to have people in their service was old news and the loss of landowners came from that very debt, especially your smaller and middle level. There's plenty of Russian thinkers, Sherbotsky and others who say that the The damage done to that strata of landowners was a huge problem for Russia. These aren't rich men. They're sort of like the omen of Jeffersonism.

They tended to be a more conservative element and a royalist element, especially the lower level. And as time goes on, the peasants themselves are going to be the owners of the land. So large landowners never took over the way that they did everywhere else, partially because of the restrictions placed on them by the crown. The Palanskaya Commission lasted for five years until 1888, and in its work, the liberal majority always clashed with the conservative minority. From the beginning, Count Tolstoy certainly had no intention to revise the laws to increase the repressive measures, and the five-year existence of the Palanskaya Commission

confirms this. At that moment, His Majesty did not wish to influence the decisions of his government on the matter of the increase of repressions against Jews. Ascending to the throne at such a dramatic moment, Alexander III did not hasten either to replace liberal officers, nor to choose a harsh political course. For a long time, he carefully examined things. In the course of the entire reign of Alexander III, the question about a general revision of the legislation about the Jews remained open. But by 1886 to 1887, His Majesty's view already leaned toward hardening of the partial restrictions on the Jews, and so the work of the Commission did not produce any visible results. Everyone knows I'm a big fan of Alexander III. He absolutely

did represent the ordinary Russian. He was not pompous. He was He was actually quite a simple man. He tried to dress as simply as possible. He didn't like all of the get-together some parties that the elite had to go to. He was very pious, which is why today he's condemned everywhere in the liberal academic journals with almost no exceptions. He was a populist. In every way, he even looked like your... typical Russian. And that's why the reign of Nicholas II, his son, was equally successful

because he learned from his father, as well as Count Pabodonisiev, who was a great man at the time. One of the first motivations for stricter control or more constraint on the Jews than during his father's reign was the constant shortfall of Jewish conscripts for military service. It was particularly noticeable when compared to conscription of Christians. According to the Charter of 1874, which abolished recruiting, compulsory military service was now laid on all citizens without any difference in social standing, but with the stipulation that those unfit for service would be replaced. Christians with Christians and Jews would choose. In the case of Jews, there were difficulties in implementation of that rule, as there were both straightforward emigration of conscripts

and their evasion which all benefited from great confusion and negligence in the official records on Jewish population, in the keeping of vital statistics, in the reliability of information about the family situation, an exact place of residence of conscripts. The tradition of all these uncertainties stretched back to the times of the Cahals, a theocratic organization structure that originated in an ancient Israeli society, and was consciously maintained for easing the tax burden. In 1883 and 1884, there were many occasions when Jewish recruits, contrary to the law, were arrested simply upon suspicion that they might disappear. This method was first applied to Christian recruits, but sporadically.

In some places, they began to demand photographs from the Jewish recruits, a very unusual requirement for that time. And in 1886, a highly constraining law was issued about several measures for providing for regular fulfillment of military conscription by Jews, which established a 300-ruble fine for the relatives of each Jew who evaded military call-up. From 1887, they stopped allowing Jews to apply for the examination for officer rank. During the reign of Alexander II, the Jews could serve in the officer ranks. But officer positions in military medicine always remained open to Jews. You know, we've had this topic before. A few weeks ago, we discussed it.

And there's no surprise to anybody that in official statistics, the Jewish evasion of conscription is massively higher than anybody else, and not just Russians, all other minorities as well. And back in the days of the Kahal, it was very easy for them to get rid of troublemakers, because if you recall, there was a certain tax break given to the Kahal or even tax debt, I believe. was removed to some extent per recruit sent in. So they were able to get two birds with one stone then. But that organization either doesn't exist or doesn't have the power that it used to have. So it was very clear to everybody that Jews were not showing up for the draft. And far more than anybody else, we know why that was the case. and at least at the time

the conscription issue was the number one concern of Jews so I guess they don't want to be treated equally in all respects they definitely want privileges in this respect as well but having them as conscripts doesn't make sense if you're going to forbid them to be officers there was a reason that were forbidden to be officers and that's probably the same reason that maybe they shouldn't have been in the military at all. Israel does the same thing with its Arabs. So this issue was still alive

and frankly there weren't enough to really make a whole lot of difference. But I guess the idea was to make sure that they bore some of the burden of defense because at one time or another given Russia's neighbors, she was at war with somebody. yet if we consider that in the same period up to 20 million other aliens of the empire were completely freed from compulsory military service then wouldn't it be better to free the Jews of it altogether thus offsetting their other constraints with such a privilege or was it the legacy of the idea of nicholas i. continuing here to graph the jews into russian society through military service to occupy the idol at the same time jews on the whole flocked into institutions of learning. From 1876 to 1883, the number of Jews in gymnasians and gymnasium preparatory schools almost doubled. And from 1878 to 1886, for an eight-year period, the number of Jewish students and universities increased six times

and reached 14.5%. By the end of the reign of Alexander II, they were receiving alarming complaints from the regional authorities about this. Thus, in 1878, the governor of the Minskuburnia reported that being wealthier, the Jews can bring up their children better than the Russians, that the material condition of the Jewish pupils is better than that of Christians, and therefore, in order that the Jewish element does not overwhelm the remaining population, it is necessary to introduce a quota system for the admission of Jews into secondary schools. Next, after disturbances in several Southern gymnasiums in 1880, the trustee of the Odessa School District publicly came out with a similar idea.

And in 1883 and 1885, two successive Novorica, New Russia, Odessa, general governors, stated that an overfilling of learning institutions with Jews was taking place there. And it is either necessary to limit the number of Jews in the gymnasiums and gymnasium preparatory schools to 15% of the general number of pupils or to a fairer norm, equal to the population of the Jewish. population to the whole. By 1881, Jews made up 75% of the general number of pupils in several gymnasiums of the Odessa district. In 1886, a report was made by the governor of Karkov-Guburnia complaining about the influx of Jews to the common schools. Well, the issue wasn't, you know, you had plenty of other minorities from Germans to Muslims in these schools and universities. They had no problem with them. It was only the Jews, as always, that caused a problem. I mean, we know today Harvard and Yale are massively full of Jews, way beyond their 2% of the population. They would

love you to believe because they're so much smarter than everybody else. It's not. It's that they support one another. They bring in one another, especially in grad schools. I think people were aware of why they were flooding the university. Of course, they had advantages that no one else had in this terribly oppressive environment. But not to mention, their behavior while they're, you know, being part of the revolutionary movement. It wasn't just because, you know, they were Jews. You had all kinds of minorities at the university system. We know what they were doing there. We know why they were there. And in many cases, how they got there. And that lesson was never learned.

In all these instances, the ministers did not deem it possible to adopt general restrictive solutions and only directed the reports for consideration of the Pelonskaya Commission where they did not receive support. From the 1870, students became primary participants in the revolutionary excitement. After the assassination of Alexander II, the general intention to put down the revolutionary movement could not avoid student revolutionary nests, and the senior classes of the gymnasiums were already supplying them. Within the government, there arose the alarming connection that together with the increase of Jews amongst the students, the participation of students in the revolutionary movement noticeably increased. Oh my God. How did that happen?

Among the higher institutions of learning, the medical surgical academy, later the military medical Academy was particularly revolutionized. Jews were very eager to enter it, and the names of Jewish students of this academy began already appearing in the court trials of the 1870s. And so the first special restrictive measure of 1882 restricted Jewish emissions to the military medical academy to an upper limit of 5%. In 1883, a similar order followed with respect to the Mining Institute, and in 1884, a similar quota was a status. established at the Institute of Communications. In 1885, the admission of Jews to the Karkoff Technological Institute was limited to 10%, and in 1886, their admission to the Karkoff

Veterinary Institute was completely discontinued. Since the city of Karkoff was always a center of political agitation, and the residents of Jews there in more or less significant numbers is generally undesirable and even dangerous. Thus, they thought to weaken the crescendo of revolutionary waves. Well, there you have it. These people, whether it be the universities or at lower level schools, most of them probably didn't care one way or the other. You know, they were not black hundred members or anything like that.

But because they were in areas where many Jews were a part of their institution, they watched how they behaved and they were obnoxious. They were doing everything in their power to, humiliate Russia, humiliate Russians, to eventually destroy it, to overthrow the monarchy, mocking the church, all this stuff that caused the pogroms in the first place. This is the reason. It's not because there's someone smarter than everybody else, and we love you to believe. And this is also why, or what, if not the main reason why American universities, British universities, are still hotbeds of leftist activity. This is the nest.

for the Jews as as we read here is the same reason why they shouldn't have been into the army at all this is why they were restricted from the officer corps and why

none of these restrictions would apply to any other minority including non-Christian minorities all throughout the empire we already see here the revolutionary movement the leftist movement was Jewish

at its root and the revolutionary violence and it was a violent movement by definition would increase depending on the percentage of Jews at the institution this is why they were banned from things this is why that weren't allowed to do things

and we know the percentage of the Bolsheviks in the early revolution were massive overwhelming we could list all the names which is why censorship is so on important, which is why banning anti-Jewish thinking was an early law of the Soviet Union, why you can go to prison for this kind of stuff in the EU, lose your job in the U.S. Because pointing this fact out completely destroys their whole narrative, that they're so brilliant and everyone's so jealous,

that's why you have these irrational restriction. Okay, so chapter six, which we'll start the next episode, is titled in the Russian Revolutionary Movement. So, obviously, we're going to be getting into exactly what you're talking about the overwhelming percentage of Jews to the population who are going to be in the revolutionary movement. How would you wrap up the first five chapters of what we've read here and studied? Well, there's, we've covered a lot of ground. And I think people who've been following from the beginning have noticed that there's a lot of repetition. Before the show, I jotted down a few of these that I thought were important. Clearly, they're important to Shultz and Yitzin.

And the first thing that comes to mind is the initial commission, dissolve it. You have a situation where the monarch wanted to know why the Jews were hated in the way. parts of the empire, you know, former or Polish Empire, why there were so many problems, why there was so much of violence. And this was done innocently. Djerjaven was not anti-Jewish by any means. They didn't have much experience with them, for the most part. And he gets over there and immediately sees their oppressive, they despise the Gentiles,

they're stealing everything that isn't nailed down. That's the only commission that really mattered. Which is why the Jews were so wild about destroying him. It's a miracle they didn't kill him. But they weren't that powerful at the time like they are in this era. You know, so the Dershavan committee is huge. And it's almost like they keep replicating committees for the same questions, the same issue, almost to deny what Dershavan said.

Nothing changed at this point. Maybe the technology did or the wealth did, but the relative power of the Jews. Jews meant that, as we just read, they can control these commissions. Russian naifte, and that's not just Russian, but European and Christian naiftee when it comes to dealing with them. In parts of Europe, you had merchants in the cities who knew exactly what they were dealing with. It shocked me when Donald Trump was such a lickspiddle to Jews. I grew up with, you know, when he, you know, when he, first got wealthy and he was on TV all the time totally apolitical he made his money

in the highly regulated world of manhattan real estate other than him it's 100% Jewish he knows jews they have a grudging respect for him because they competed with him and lost to at least some of the time so this we're not you know um so there's no he knows so his behavior is a little now i guess really is by the force of circumstance but other than people like him a handful of people in the old cities in Poland and your typical bureaucrat, your typical peasant, your typical

they just thought that Jews went to a different church than they did just like Americans think now that they're not inherently different they're not aliens and they don't hate and all this comes from the dismemberment of Poland and these were some wealthy areas these were big merchant areas with Russians

that realized as what They were importing. The majority of the world's Jews lived in these areas. And so Russia inherited a massive social problem. Hence, the Djaven committee was just a, I don't know, a decade after that partition of Poland that brought them into Russia. So in just a few years, Russia realizes what they had dealt. Now, the Kahul is another one. we're not talking about it as much anymore

because either by force of circumstances or through government action that Gahal has been disbanded it was a source of Jewish power but it was also a source of Jewish distinctiveness

it was a way that they could lie it was a way that they could hide their numbers and control very tightly their members now of course cohesion is more important than anything else but they have to use

different ways I guess that the Cajal just made it easier to negotiate with them because you had one institution to worry about as deceptive as it was and then of course the question of secularization which I guess is similar to assimilation

the 19th century wears on religion becomes far less of an issue. The revolutionary movement prefaced on the idea that Jews are their own Messiah. Adam Cadman, as I've argued, is really what the Antichrist truly is. And that also goes along with what we've noticed here, this slow development of the revolutionary movement, which is the same as the development of secularized Jewry. And it's not so much that religious Jews are much different.

I don't think they are. There is a religious Kabbalistic foundation for the revolutionary movement. There is certainly a Talmudic idea. The other thing that hits me, and most of our listeners are going to know this, Jewish behavior is identical. Wherever you go. Wherever you go, at least in the Christian world. I want to preface the Christian world

Jewish behavior is the same It's the same deceit the same scams The same complaints The same exaggeration The same Self-absorption Same narcissism The same

The same Contempt And hatred for their neighbors That no other minority In Europe ever Ever had Jewish behavior which behavior is within the parameters of the society they live is identical everywhere.

They piss everybody off all the time, including each other. And sometimes I think that, you know, if you read the old Black 100 pre-revolutionary writings, they say the only solution to the problem is to get them out of Russia as peacefully and humanely as possible and send them to the Middle East or wherever. the other thing that that comes up again and again we just talked about it is alcohol the cahol I don't know if it was a specific

regulation but Jews don't drink and that that tradition or prejudice comes from the era where they won't use alcohol but they'll make sure that everyone else around them does and they promoted it as a way to manipulate the peasantry to reduce them to almost a clowns a mockery of themselves almost ritualistic and they were able to sign contracts in this state and the nature of their taverns

which they owned especially on the road where you're not in your normal environment these were hotbeds of prostitution and and everything that goes along with that white slavery people paying their debts by using their daughters I don't know and that comes up again and again Solzanesian doesn't mention it

but the tavern wasn't just a place to drink that was bad enough people were going broke on this you know alcoholism there's nothing inherent to the Russian mentality this was promoted

by tavern keepers who became very wealthy they also had cash on hand to be loan sharks Again, the programs I couldn't wait until we got to that topic My paper on it I think

Which was inspired by By Shelton Eaton Is one of the few Amongst Nationalists, whatever we are That deal with the topic I love the idea of that The 6 million figure shows up

at least in Europe for the first time then that figure has been around for a very long time it does have sacred numerological significance but you see the same

mentality the same wild exaggeration Jews were not slaughtered in these things Jews were armed Jews had self-defense units from the beginning here

they were not you know the Jews would love you to believe that at least in this case, they're all as accountants, neurotic accountants who have done nothing wrong and they're just hardworking people who've been attacked by the drunk and ignorant Guiam. And that is anything but the case, especially in places like Ukraine. But this is one of the major areas. It's like a precursor to their obsession with the Holocaust. And it's the same kind of rhetoric, same kind of nonsense.

And because Britain was so controlled by the Rothschild family, you have now an English language source that broadcasted all of this to the world. And it's maddening when you consider the crimes, the Soviet Union, and the tremendous, extraordinary Jewish contribution to those crimes. I mean, the whole point of the Holocaust story was the Soviet desire to come. cover up their own crimes. They were the ones who controlled all that information. They were the ones who, quote, liberated all of these camps. They were the ones who came up with the whole gassing idea. And they had a very good reason why, you know, Nuremberg alone.

Then, you know, we've mentioned this already, the endless and ridiculous commissions. You notice as we've gone on this book, They're getting more Jewish as time goes on. We mentioned it a little while ago. In the beginning, of course, that was unthinkable. They still remember the Dershavan thing. That was a bullet that they dodged somehow. There's no denying it.

You can't claim bias. He was strictly a neutral man who, the minute he gets out of the carriage, is accosted by this. starving peasants who are growing huge amounts of food and Jews were the center of this you imagine being an American academic I'm a scholar I'm not an academic those are two very different things

who has to write about this topic and not mention the Jews or at least somehow what do you do you know that's like talking about football quarterbacks and not mentioning Troy Aikman or Terry Brantzell. You know, it's absurd.

You're leaving out, there's a huge hole here. And this is how they have to write. But even if they wanted to, they don't have access to this information. Their whole world is censored and sanitized. And so they end up writing nonsense, occasionally useful, but nonsense, because the main actors, they're not allowed to talk about. The other issue that came up was this, and it goes along with the naifte, the repetition of the belief that somehow Jews, despite everything we know about them, can become farmers.

I'm not sure. I think by now, maybe they've learned a little bit. There are still people who were talking about it at the time, but it never sunk in to a, elite opinion that because they're in exile in their narrative and because they're in hostile territory surrounded by goyam the land is cursed you can't be using it i mean even in israel they struggle with it you know arabs usually do a lot of the farming there but you still have the kibbutzum and and things like that but in foreign land especially in an orthodox country to be a farmer to have respect for the land

and then consume what you grow, that's essentially conversion. So rather than, and they were able to play these Russian bureaucrat, the land that they were to settle on, they used for speculation, they took out mortgages on it, they were never loans on it, they were never going to repay. They were getting subsidies.

and on top of all that they were bringing in Slavic and Orthodox farmers to teach them how to run the lanterns out they were just employees The whole thing was a scam And we've come across over and over again The Jewish refusal to work I mean you had a handful of good doctors here and there I'm not talking about that

But Jews as a whole in this era Productive labor In a country of the Goyam was out of the question. They functioned. Nikahal functioned like, we read about the mafia or any organized crime,

highly organized crime organization. They functioned in very much the same way. And for them to claim any kind of persecution, this neurotic obsession with that, while getting free land, while getting privileges, we're getting their taxes

that they refuse to pay, forgiven and screaming and yelling that they have to be conscripted, at least some of them. Well, of course, every Christian-Russian had to, you know, it was a small percentage that was drafted. How dare you, you know, if they're not going to farm the land, they're not going to fight for it. And it comes up on all these commissions. They don't want to work. You know, a mafia, a soldier doesn't work. He lives off the work of others.

this is a almost literal parasite almost in a biological sense you notice something else that comes up over and over again and this goes back long before Russia this goes back to Christian Rome and that is no Christian servants this is the repetition here you know when I first came across this stuff shocked me there had to have been a reason why this issue comes up again and again and again going back to the Byzantine Empire And I have the feeling, you know, it's like a Weinstein kind of situation of these guys to defile young Gentile woman with some huge turn on for an older, wealthier Jew.

And we all know that's still going on. I know people personally who engaged in that many years ago. There's something about that. And that's the whole question of no Christian servants. If they hold the goyam in contempt, how are they going to treat the going to work for them, especially if it's a matter of dead or something else? The method of deceit, this all comes down to deception, misrepresenting themselves, especially to people with power. They hate the fact that they're going to not have power over them, and the only way, at least for a while, they don't have to do it now, but is to manipulate them, to use money, actually. access to money. They put on a mask for everybody. Things like not paying, hiding from the

census, all their smuggling, all their crime, all of this, you know, behind a mask of civility. But there's often getting out of his carriage and seeing not just emaciated peasants or even drunk peasants, but these are the same men that are growing huge amounts of food with the prophets going to a Jew who doesn't even know the land. and Russians who were there who lived there they weren't isolated in the capital but who lived there Dershavin you can't deny anything he says

the fact that the Cahal was able to hide their numbers to hide from the census yeah they all kind of look the same the same outfit and the same beard and everything else it was very hard to tell one from another another one the inability to enforce things

for most people, very intelligent people, it comes to the shock that the Russian Empire more than anywhere else didn't really have a police force. It didn't have a regular prison system. That's not how they worked. That's a modern invention. So enforcing things on an alien people who used deception with the money

with Gahal offered was almost impossible. So they could have all the commissions in the world. There's not much. enforcing right up until the very end was extremely difficult. Being exiled to Siberia wasn't a big deal. You lived in a private house. There was agreement beforehand,

and usually they found their way back. This happened with all the Bolsheviks at one time or another. It was just a form of internal exile. You didn't have a prison system. I think the ultimate lesson, and this is something that we can learn too, any history of the Jews at any period of time,

especially in the Christian era, is they were obsessed with cohesion. That Cahal was an institutionalization of that, but they do it in many other ways. That they have to compensate for their relatively small numbers by being over-organized,

having hundreds of organizations, and being completely cohesive, willing to go to bat for you, they may hate, hate the guy, but they'll go to bat form as far as being against the going concern. We learn from all of this that numbers don't

matter. Cohesion. Cohesion alone matters. And one of the mechanisms of this was the Talmud. I'm not saying that every, you know, 20 year old Jew knew the Talmud, this massive thing. But I don't

think you will have to know the Talmud chapter and verse to engage in the self absorption, the contempt for routes, we talked about the cahal that the elders would tell the younger ones or the maybe the angry poor Jews who feel themselves

exploited by their elders. Well, you need to stick with us because if you go out there with them, they're going to kill you. The goium are animals, they're monsters. They're mud as the old insult goes. They don't have souls. They're no different than any other animal. They'll eat you alive.

And that's what they use the program is, after. You see what happens? And cohesion was so even Jews who didn't like the system were told from birth, this is what happens when you try to mix with the growing up. So this cohesion, the obsession with this. And again, it's the one thing that you got to admire. Numbers don't matter. How can that be? How can a handful of people dominate the way that they do in different parts of the world? It comes down to cohesion. Yeah, they hate each other. And Willis Carter always used to say that if we didn't exist, they'd slaughter each other. But that's just an inter-Jewish issue.

When it comes to us, you know, the famous word of Rodef, which means pursuer, refers to any Jew who persecute, who uses the Goy courts to persecute another Jew or police or whatever, a pursuer is someone to be killed. That's, you know, the taboo, or one of the many taboes, but a very important taboo. Things are done, like any mafia family, things are done internally. So to leave the Jews out of a history of Russia, history of the revolutionary movement, the history of the Russian economy, and this happens every day, is absolutely absurd. Let's talk about the founding fathers, but not mentioned George Washington or John Adams or James Madison. But we still get to write about the founding fathers. That's how ridiculous. That's how ridiculous it is. But this is what academics every day are forced to do.

They create and believe these stories. Because if they talk like me, I have some experience with this. They talk like me, even in the nicest and most respectful way, they're out of there. and even if they have an inkling maybe there's more to this issue they have to self-censor right away and again it all comes from these Talmudic cohesion that's nothing to do with religion

Jews aren't religious very few Jews believe in God or it's a very complex kind of and soft Kabbalistic kind of a way that's irrelevant Jews are the Messiah they can spiritualize it

you know spiritualize the material like Moses has used to do it's not religious it's ethnic it's racial it's um i mean they use religious symbols but it goes no uh it goes no further than them so wherever they are they come to understand the social legal parameters they're they're forced to live in and then they understand how to they come to understand how to work it and avoid being detected. I can just think any mafia family. How they function so they don't go to prison. It's eerily

similar to what you have with the Kahal, whether it be in old Poland or old Russia. Russia was different because you had a very strong monarchy that was also very popular, connected with a very strong and equally

popular church with a strong social message. You didn't have a strong monarchy. You didn't have this, this, the monarchy was a symbol of, of goy coheavened, which was the worst possible thing you can have, which is why the murder of Zar Nicholas was, was a ritual. Balthazar. You know, this is, this was the ultimate insult. Babylon has fallen kind of thing. And they're, and they're, the definition of the term. The monarchy, Rome, everything else was, was the, evil for them and now we're getting into the revolutionary era their target is the monarchy that has to go before anything else can be done that we could take advantage of the chaos so so i would say that's a very brief analysis of the main themes and issues we've covered so far you know besides the just general attacks if you start talking about um jewish cohesion and the jewish question and references to the holocaust um the fact that the western mind is

individualistic that we've been inundated with this you have to judge people as individuals I mean, that's just the kind of brainwashing that doesn't allow people to see when groups are acting in their own interest. And then when you point that out, when people do start to notice that happens, oh, that's just a conspiracy theory. You're just, you're saying that all Jews are doing this kind of thing. I mean, they've really captured our minds. I mean, that is those kind of responses. are not even thought out. They're just automatic.

They're just right there, very much like NPCs, what we call NPCs, what we call NPCs, non-player characters. Yeah, it's a script. They have a script, and they're going to run with it. Yeah, and also you mentioned the way that historically Jews had treated

certain groups. There's a really good book called early medieval Jewish policy by Bernard S. Bacroch that talks, there's a whole section in there about how, what they did to the Spanish when they were in Spain during, during the years from 7-11 through 1492, and how they would enslave Christians, forced them to convert, force them to circumcise, and they were constantly, even the, even the Muslims had to step in and go, you can't do this. You just can't treat these people this way.

Yes, I've come across that. This is in the Islamic era. Jews were always I mean, Jews were a part of the rise of Islam and certainly, a totally different issue, but certainly a part of the spread of Islam. The only reason that they disagree now is over the Palestine thing. Prior to that, they,

you know, because it's a non-Christian group, there's so many similarities between Islam and Judaism and Judaism, the gates, the major cities in Spain would not have fallen without the Jewish population. That gave them a chance, only to rise to the top as doctors, bureaucrats, accountants for the Islamic overload. But they had power over Christians now. And you're absolutely right. They took advantage with a hatred and a contempt that if it were known, would change people's view of the world and change.

people's view of European history. Let me ask you one last question before we break. One question, I guess the only thing that somebody or a couple people have pushed back against that we've talked about is it may have been in the very, very first episode we did. You said that the word slave did not come from Slav. I mean, that's something that is just understood in the West. Can you elaborate on that a little bit?

Well, just because modern English sounds like that, that they, it's a coincidental connection. Slava in Slavic languages, East Slavic languages means glory. It comes up in church all the time. the English word, slave, which developed over a long period of time in isolation, they're not going to take a word for themselves that English created or imposed on them. There's no connection there at all.

I'm sure many people in centuries past noticed that in the English language because they were taken in huge numbers by the Muslims. under the control of a small Jewish post-Kazar elite and using, I think I mentioned this before, the island of Kafa in the Black Sea as well as the main Judaic slave trading post. And, you know, you had whole areas of southern, southwestern Russia that were emptied.

I mean, they used the Turks for the most part, even, you know, the Turkish tribes to raid into Russia and take them and sell them in huge numbers. But in a way, would that even lead to them being identified as such as slaves? It's a complete coincidence. And you have Slavs that had nothing to do with that. Slavs in Poland, Czechia, Croatia, that wouldn't be. a part of that all. They were still, they were still, they were still called that. So there's no linguistic connection there. Although again, I'm sure it was noticed as, as the centuries

war on. Okay. All right. We'll wrap this one up and pick up with chapter six. Title against chapter six will be in the Russian Revolutionary Movement. And I will remind people that if you go to the show notes, there are links everywhere so that you can support Dr. Johnson's work and keep him keep him unemployed or you can say employed in our employee so that he can keep studying this and bring us this knowledge. So thank you, Dr. Johnson.

We'll talk on a couple days. Okay, my friend. Talk to you then. Thank you.