The Pete Quiñones Show - Reading Solzhenitsyn's '200 Years Together' w/ Dr. Matthew Raphael Johnson - Part 1

Episode Date: January 8, 2025

82 MinutesPG-13Dr. Matthew Raphael Johnson is a researcher, writer, and former professor of history and political science, specializing in Russian history and political ideology.Pete and Dr. Johnson start a project in which Pete reads Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn's '200 Years Together," and Dr' Johnson provides commentary.Dr Johnson's PatreonRusJournal.orgTHE ORTHODOX NATIONALISTDr. Johnson's Radio Albion PageDr. Johnson's Books on AmazonPete and Thomas777 'At the Movies'Support Pete on His WebsitePete's PatreonPete's SubstackPete's SubscribestarPete's GUMROADPete's VenmoPete's Buy Me a CoffeePete on FacebookPete on TwitterBecome a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/the-pete-quinones-show--6071361/support.

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And, yeah, can't do it without you. So thank you for the support. Head on over to freeman beyond the wall.com forward slash support and do it there. Thank you. I want to welcome everyone back to the Pekinganez show. And, yeah, this is the first episode of something I'm really excited about. I'm here with Dr. Matthew Raphael Johnson. How are you doing, Dr. Johnson?

I'm doing very well. We're finally settled in. We've got snow on the ground. It's like 15 degrees here in Pittsburgh. I'm happy. Well, it's bad. It's in the 40s here in the south, and that never makes anyone happy down here. Yeah, they're panicking now.

Yeah, everybody's buying milk and eggs because they're making French toast. All right. So we're going to embark on a journey here. And so I guess the best way to start is. to ask you to talk a little bit about this book and what it is, who wrote it, what it's about, and before we start getting into the text, why you think it's important? Well, you know, we couldn't have picked a better book. It's become infamous in the West, mainstream in Russia now, 200 years together by Alexander

Charles Zinitzen, who everyone knows. Although at the time he was alive and a Soviet, anti-Soviet dissident, he was unpopular in the West. They liked, you know, liberal dissidents like, you know, Brojki and people like that. But here you have a man who won the Nobel Prize for literature, as we all know, for the Gulagapelago. And he has written 15 years ago now. something like that, 20 years, a book on Jews in Russian history. And it caused a tremendous stir. It took ages to have it translated.

I've been using this book for a long time. I've cited from it a thousand times. I got so many ideas from it. But since this point of view in the Jews is fairly mainstream in Russia, it's done very well. This was his, as far as I know, his very last book, it doesn't seem complete, but I could translate little bits of it. I'm not secure enough in my linguistic ability to do anything of any length. But the American press certainly has almost denied that it exists. And it's essentially the history of Russia from, you know, written history.

to the end of the Soviet era and the role the Jews in all of this. And it's something that if there was anything up my alley personally, it would be this. So he caused a huge stir and the Jews never quite trusted him, even when he won the prize. And he had a lot of enemies at the time in the U.S., just as many as he had in the Soviet Union. So this is extremely significant, and I can't praise it enough. I can't tell you the number of times I've been inspired by this, papers, and everything that came from something I read in this book. It's really extraordinary. Awesome.

All right. Well, the way this is going to work is I'm just going to read the text, and you interrupt me whenever. I don't care if it's the end of a sentence, the end of a paragraph, or if it's in the middle of a sentence. You're here to provide commentary on this, all right? No problem. All right, let's do it. All right, chapter one, before the 19th century, from the beginnings in Khazaria. In this book, the presence of the Jews in Russia prior to 1772 will not be discussed in detail.

However, for a few pages, we want to remember the older epochs. One could begin that the paths of Russians and Jews first crossed in the wars between the Kiev Rus and the Khazars. But that isn't completely right, since only the upper class of the Khazars were of Hebraic descent, the tribe itself being a branch of the Turks that had accepted the Jewish faith. If one follows the presentation of J.D. I'm going to need your help with some of the pronunciations on the names, because I'm just terrible on some of these.

So I believe I could be pretty bad, too. Okay. All right. So I'll just, I'll start it over. It sounds Lithuanian. I think he's Jewish, but I'm not 100% sure. Okay. If one follows the presentation of J.D. Burskis.

It says it right in there. Yeah. Sorry about that. Respected. Yep, no problem. Respected Jewish author of the mid-20th century, a certain part of the Jews from Persia moved across the Durban Pass to the lower Volga, where Atil, west coast of Caspian on Volga Delta, the capital city of Kazarian Kanate, rose up.

starting 724 AD. The tribal princes of the Turkish Khazars at the time still idol worshippers did not want to accept either the Muslim faith, lest they should be subordinated to the Caliph of Baghdad, nor to Christianity, lest they come under vassalage to the Byzantine emperor, and so the clan went over to the Jewish faith in 732. But there was also a Jewish colony in the Basperin kingdom on the time. Praman Peninsula at east end of the Crimea, separating the Black Sea from the Sea of Azov, to which Hadrian had Jewish captives brought in 137, after the victory over Barcocca. Later, a Jewish settlement sustained itself without break under the Goths and Huns in the

Crimea, especially Khafa, Theodosia, remained Jewish. In 933, Prince Igor, 912 to 945, Grand Prince of Kiev, successor of Oleg, Regent after the death of Riruk, founder of the Kiev Kingdom in 862, temporarily possessed Kirch and his son's Sviath Slav Grand Prince 960 to 972, rested the Don region from the Khazars. The Kiev Russe already ruled the entire Volga region, including Atil in 909, and Russian ships appeared at Semander, south of Atil on the west coast of the Caspian. Descendants of the Khazars were the Kumiks in the Caucasus. In the Crimea, on the other hand, they combined with the Pultzzi nomadic Turkish branch from Central Asia, in the Northern Black Sea area, and the Caucasus since the 10th century, called Kuman by Western

historians. Second map is here, to form the Crimean Tatars. But the Karayim, a Jewish sect that does not follow the Talmud, and Jewish residents of the Crimean, did not go over to the Muslim faith. The Khazars were finally conquered by Tamerlane, much later by Tamerlane or Timor, the 14th century conquer. A few researchers, however, hypothesized. Okay. Well, there's so much. Okay, go ahead. There's a lot here. And, of course, he's only going to skim over this stuff. The bulk of it is, you know, 18th, 19th century and, of course, the Soviet Union. But I get a lot of questions, and there's a lot of talk about Qasario. And I've spent a ridiculous amount of time on it. And I know that reading this for someone

who's not a specialist in the area can be torture, but you did perfectly fine. But I think ancient Khazaria is essential to understanding the Jewish mind. You see it in the map there where it's in a tremendously strategic area. It reached from the Caucasus to the Sea of Azzo, the entire Crimean step. And it is a commercial empire. It's capital, Attila, lay at the mouth of the Volga. Now, my information on this comes from the famous Russian research, or Lev Gumulev.

But Shulteneaton, and there's a lot of debate on this, says that only a small portion of the population became Jewish. Although he actually mentioned, it sounds like he's saying something racial. I can't tell if he's talking about Jews as race or the religion itself. But Gumelov suggests that the country, our civil war from 810 to 820 is what led to mass conversion

so the Turkish groups that you're talking about the Plovsi, the Petschnigs they harassed Kiev and Russ they were financed by and Qazaria and they were also middlemen

if you wanted to trade the Black Sea Point South you had to pay a substantial toll to the Khazark Khanate and this was a huge source of income and as soon as Kiev got large enough they put an end to it but another key point

is that these groups were the core of the slave trade nomads were used by the Jews and Slavs were coveted There's also no relation between the word Slav and the word slave. That's ridiculous. But slowly but surely, the money lending mentality that took root there spread all over the place. And once that was destroyed, once the connet was destroyed, specifically after that point, they moved to places nearby.

Muntarakan They orchestrated the nomadic attacks on Russia And slowly they filtered into Kiev itself And because they were so experienced in banking and this kind of Yousri that they were very easily able to dominate their Gentile competitors So this is a constant problem It's a huge portion of what eventually became the Jewish mentality

the battle of Kiev and Russian Orthodoxy in the one side and the Khazar Jews and the other. And then much later on, the invasion, essentially, the demographic invasion of Jews into Europe from that part of the world, then help define what Russia is. And although he doesn't go into great detail here, he's setting up, I mean, he has to mention this because the rest of the book is based on it. The Khazars were known for their extreme levels of violence. They accepted no rules of war.

They used a lot of mercenaries. And no one was sad when they were finally conquered. But that mentality became the core of what we all know is the Ashkenazi Jewish way of life. And it's something,

it's really a closed book. to most Americans, including most American historians, and the only time it ever shows up in any kind of scholarship is when there's something specific about Russia. Khazar, Kana, was the most violent, unpredictable, and wealthy of these early medieval empire. They filled the vacuum left by the death of Attila, the Hun. But the location alone created this wealthy, usurias. elite there and you really can't defend it. So, but there was no doubt, as he already mentioned, that the ruler at the time, Bulan, his son,

Obadiah, I think it was. He was, you know, the motives were political. But Judaism or Talmudic Judaism, the way that people understood it at the time, it had its own sacred books. It was all, you know, it was recognized, but there was no political. power that they would be beholden to. Qazaria actually became that political power. Hebrew became the official script of the empire.

There was changes in burial patterns to more Judaized ones over time. And if I've written in the past, I quoted Ahmad Ibn Thadlang, wrote about 922, he said the Khazars and their king are all Jews. But they have just recently been

Judeons. So that's a very brief background into the Khazar Empire. Ready for huge savings? We'll mark your calendars from November 28 to 30th because the Liddle Newbridge Warehouse Sale

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Ireland Limited Subject to lending criteria Terms and conditions apply Volkswagen Financial Services Ireland Limited Trading as Cooper Financial Services is regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland Great to see you back at Spegg Savers Okay, could you read out the letters on the wall for me?

Yep, D-E-A-L-L-S? Yeah, D-E-A-L-S deals Oh, right. Yes. Our Black Friday deals are eye-catching, but the letter chart's over here. Oh, sorry. At Spec Savers, we've got all sorts of unmissable Black Friday deals, like up to 70 euro off one pair of designer glasses. Offer ends on 7th of December 2025. Conditions apply. Ask in store for details. Okay. I'm going to continue reading where we left off. A few researchers, however, hypothesized exact proof is absent that the Hebrews had wandered to some

extent through the South Russian region in west and northwest direction. Thus the Orientalist and Semitist Abraham Harcavi, for example, writes that the Jewish congregation in the future Russia, quote, emerged from Jews that came from the Black Sea coast and from the Caucasus, where their ancestors had lived since the Assyrian and Babylonian captivity. J.D. Bruscus also leans to this perspective. Another opinion suggested as the remnant of the ten lost tribes of Israel. This migration presumably ended after the conquest of... This is a good one. Timur-Turrakens, eastern shore of the Kirtch Straits overlooking the eastern end of the Crimean Peninsula, the eastern flank of the old Bosporan Kingdom, 1097, by the

Polovsi. According to Harcabi's opinion, the vernacular of these Jews, at least since the 9th century, was Slavic, and only in the 17th century when the Ukrainian Jews fled from the pogroms of Kemalnetsky, Bogdan Kemalnetsky, Ukrainian Cossack 1593 to 1657, led the successful Cossack rebellion against Poland with help from the Crimean Tartars. Did Yiddish become the language of Jews in Poland? In various manners, the Jews also came to Kiev and settled there. Already under Igor, the lower part of the city was called Kosseri. In 933, Igor brought Jews that had been taken captive in Kirch.

Then in 965, Jews taking captive in the Crimea were brought there. In 1969, Kossarin from Atil and Samander, in 989 from Chirsan, and in 1017 from Tuma Tumaturakan. In Kiev, Western Jews also emerged in connection with the caravan traffic from west to east and starting at the end of the 11th century maybe on account of the persecution

in Europe during the First Crusade. Later researches confirmed like... Were you going to say something? Nope. Okay. Later researchers confirm, likewise, that in the 11th century, the Jewish element in Kiev is to be derived from the Khazars. Still earlier at the turn of the 10th century, the presence of a Khazar force and a Khazar

garrison was chronicled in Kiev. And already in the first half of the 11th century, the Jewish Khazar element in Kiev played a significant role. In the 9th and 10th century, Kiev was multinational and tolerant. At the end of the 10th century, in the time when Prince Vladimir Slavich. 980 to 1015, the saint, grand prince of Kiev, was choosing a new faith for the Russians. There were not a few Jews in Kiev, and among them were found educated men that suggested taking on the Jewish faith. The choice fell out otherwise that it had 250 years earlier in the Khazar Kingdom.

Karasim, 1766 to 1826, Russian historian relates it like this. After he Vladimir had listened to the Jews, he asked where their homeland was. In Jerusalem, answered the delegates. But God has chased us in his anger and sent us into a foreign land. And you whom God has punished dare to teach others, said Vladimir. We do not want to lose our fatherland like you have. after the Christianization of the Rus, according to Bruscus,

a portion of the Khazar Jews in Kiev also went over to Christianity and afterwards in Novgorod Novgorod. Perhaps one of them, Luca Ziatta was even one of the first bishops and spiritual writers.

You know, it's very common to talk about the story of how Vladimir, you know, the founder of Orthodox Russia, chose the Orthodox faith. And it isn't so much that the chronicles are telling a story or a myth that he actually listened to representatives of the faith available to him at the time, Judaism included. And it has him saying these pithy things that, you know, the Roman church is very dry. You can't drink in Islam. And I'm sure he said something like that.

But these are just abbreviations of what I'm sure are very lengthy discussions. This was illiterate society in Kiev. And so I don't want people thinking this is just something made up. Of course, there are political considerations. But when St. Vladimir chose what they would, I guess, called the Greek faith, the Byzantine faith, Roman faith at the time, Eastern Roman faith at the time, Eastern Roman faith. He took it very seriously because he had being a former pagan. He had, you know, got hundreds of wives. He wasn't, well, he was always a talented ruler. He didn't have

his passions in check. He set them all free. He led a completely different life after his conversion than before. So I have the feeling that this was something that, He already had contact with a lot of these people, not just from Byzantine. Bulgaria was a substantial source because the language was vaguely similar, that that part of the world was more of a source than Byzantium directly. But it made sense from a purely political point of view to worry about what each one would offer. Judaism was not an option precisely because. of the Khazar issue, but he certainly listened to them.

They had already become, by this time, a powerful fourth in Kiev economically and politically. And we will, as in the next few paragraphs, he will explain exactly how. Christianity and Judaism being side by side in Kiev inevitably led to the learned, zealous, zealously contrasting them. From that emerged the work significant to Russian literature, sermon on law and grace by Hilarion, First Russian Metropolitan, Middle 11th century, which contributed to the settling of a Christian consciousness for the Russians that lasted for centuries. The polemic here is as fresh and lively as in the letters of the apostles. In any case, it was the first century of Christianity in Russia.

For the Russian neophytes of that time, the Jews were interesting, especially in connection to their religious presentation, and even in Kiev, there were opportunities for contact with them. The interest was greater than later in the 18th century, when they again were physically close. Then, for more than a century, the Jews took part in the expanded commerce of Kiev. in the new city wall completed in 1037, there was the Jews gate, which closed in the Jews quarter. The Kiev Jews were not subjected to any limitations, and the princes did not handle themselves hostily, but rather indeed vouchsafed to them protection,

especially Zviat to Polk Izzyazovic. you know, they didn't have tape quarters back then. So, you know, I'm usually reading this stuff. I mean, my professors use the word, you know, pronounce these. But, you know, I'm usually reading it rather than hearing it. So who knows how close I am? I just do it phonetically, whatever. Yeah.

All right. Zviya, Tvok, Iziyoslavich, Prince of Novgorod, 1078 to 1080. Grand Prince of Kiev 1093 to 1113, since the trade and enterprising spirit of the Jews brought the prince's financial advantage. That seems to be a pattern, like when you read Sombart, where a lot of princes and a lot of politicians invite the Jews in because they make the money, but then eventually other Jews come in and start basically doing business with the people, and the people usually end up in debt because of usury. And is that pretty accurate?

That's, yeah. Poland was an even more extreme version of that. We'll talk about that, you know, not too long from now. I have a paper, actually a series of papers on the topic of the next paragraph because it confirms exactly what you're thinking. They never know, you know, when people are good to them. and by the way, there's no doubt that these are Kazan. In fact, the term was used to describe it or refer to these people.

One of many. I think every once in a while, Khazar is still used in the Russian language. But it doesn't take long, especially when you have factional fighting. I just published a paper on the Serbian Despotet just prior to the collapse to the Turks. And when you have amongst your own people, factions and infighting,

bringing in foreigners, especially foreigners that have money, although very short-sighted, it looks good to them. It's a very short-sighted policy, but the same thing happened with the Jews. If you have a faction, if you have a rival, then getting a nice loan from the Jews may be just

what's necessary to raise the mercenaries or whatever they're going to do to get rid of them. And given the fact, given the time period, you know, they weren't all that educated in what the Jews were going to do. The church may have been the closest to that. They quickly took advantage. They quickly took over. And then his opponents are able to use that against him. And we'll talk about the riot here in this next paragraph. And then after that's done, I'll I'll explain in more detail. Okay.

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Trump on Thunbjouk, Kosh Farage. In 1113, Vladimir, later known as Manamak, out of qualms of conscience, even after the death of Svianza Polk, hesitated to ascend the Kiev throne prior to one of, pronounce that name for me, because I know he's important in your history. Swatislavich. Swatislavich. and exploiting the anarchy, rioters plundered the house of the regimental commander Putiata and all Jews that had stood under the special protection of the greedy Sviotapok in the capital city.

One reason for the Kiev revolt was apparently the usury of the Jews, probably exploiting the shortage of money of the time. They enslaved the debtors with exorbitant interest. For example, there are indications in the statute of Vladimir Monomac that Kiev money lenders received interest up to 50% per annum. Karamson, therein, appeals to the Chronicles, and an extrapolation by Basel Tatshastew, 1686 to 1750, student of Peter the Great, first Russian historian. In Tassasiev, we find, moreover, afterwards they clubbed down many Jews and Jews, plundered their houses because they had brought about many sicknesses to Christians and commerce with

them had brought about great damage. Many of them who had gathered in their synagogue seeking protection defended themselves as well as they could and redeemed time until Vladimir would arrive. But when he had come, the Kievites pleaded with him for retribution toward the Jews because they had taken all the trades from Christians and under Svianzvok had had been. much freedom and power, they had also brought many over to their faith. As I mentioned, I have a paper on this. Now, this was an anti-Eusory uprising in 1113. Savatapok, the second, Zerzlovich, ruled Kiev, largely dependent on Jewish usury.

That was his basis of financial support. In fact, even the chronicles say that, the Turkic you know the nomadic invasions from the south were God's punishment on him for this upon the death of Yaroslav the wise 1054 his successor was Izyoslav and then you have cities like Turov who were who were splitting away Isyoslav was considered a good man at the time but once Vatsoslav died you had four princes vying for power this is when Jewish money starts looking good to some of these people. It wasn't just the Jews. It was Poles, some of the nomads, even the Germans. But prior to this,

because the usurers for a while had been given free reign, the rural commune, even the lower nobles, a powerful oligarchy had developed on their backs. Debt bondage was a form of slavery. More and more land was forfeit, due to debt. There was even a salt embargo that the Jewish speculation caused, which is one of the things that led to a major riot, and the mob went straight to the Jewish corner and deceit and Euda Chronicles talk about, not just the chronicles, the

Patiricon, the lives of the saints of the Kiev case, say that this group of people who ruled were aware of their illegitimacy. It was all based on usury, which almost inherently is based on deception. The death of the prince unleashed a major revolt of the population, but it was not just part of it. Usually was the explicit purpose of it. It was an agrarian revolt against unearned money, unearned income.

It wasn't directed against feudalism because that didn't exist at the time, but that's just a very lazy way of talking about. you didn't have systematic usury amongst clergy in monasteries at the time because that economy wasn't really monetized Jews controlled banking

at the time in Eastern Europe and you know it's always the same every time we see an anti-Jewish riot anywhere it's always the exact same set of accusations and problems because we didn't have

much of bureaucracy in Kiev In fact, I don't think you had any at all. Even church prohibitions on usury really couldn't be enforced very well. You can call Jewish banking even at the time a system, and it had global connections. I mean, what we know would like the Rothschild that's far into the future, but the very tiny outlines of this were available. People like Svato Poc tolerated Jewish trade and in Russian slaves. Even the governor of Crimea at the time was a Jew, although formally a Christian. He was in fact Jewish.

Well, you know, Azaria had been smashed a century earlier, but that didn't mean the mentality in the Jews that came from it went away. It just took this domination took a very different form. And at that point, Jews were using the Kuman Raid. the nomadic crimes of the South to obtain slaves and so they had Jewish patronage. After, I mean, just before the revolt, these raids had increased substantially. The slaves were taken and then sold to Jewish merchants on Crimea, specifically the island of Kaffa. So that was the cause of this rebellion and that, you know, factional fighting brings out the worst in everybody. and when you need money

when you're worried about your position you'll pretty much reach out to anyone who's willing to help but as you said there's always a huge price to pay and any chaos you know Kiev and Rus history is complicated because you have a lot of independent cities with their own royal lineage and the worse the chaos gets

the better it was for the Khazer elites at the time In fact, the first Kievan synagogue was built under Shavata Polk. So, and whenever they went to Poland for assistance, it's amazing how they suddenly became Judeo-files. So, you know, they got a regular subsidy, but at the price of either justifying or turning a blind eye to the literal and metaphorical enslaving of rural Slavs in the south of the country. You know, so that's... When you bring this up to Jews, what they will say is that, well, they were just invited there. Why are you blaming them?

The leaders invited them there. You should be blaming the leaders. Well, this is exactly what I mean. They're invited for that specific reason. They needed money. And in this case, with the chaos after the... after Izzyislav,

a son of Yeroslav, the wives, you know, you had wars against Poulottsk. My God, they even went to Rome and he actually converted

to Catholicism. There were a lot of minor civil wars that plagued old Kiev, and that means these guys were going anywhere they could to get assistance

and not just mercenaries because you have to pay them. So it was Izzyislav that was that's where the Jews first really penetrated. And yes, you know, by in the Polish case is a totally different story.

But inviting them, taking out loans, yeah, it did absolutely open the door for their completely anti-social behavior. And that mentality never went away. Svato Polk's guard is what protected

the synagogue from these riders. And I want to want to mention too that the stereotype with a defenseless Jew is an absurd myth, because they still, you know, look to Khazaria. So at the point we're talking about here, just prior to that riot, that uprising, Jewish history had much of the country in debt. And especially when facing unrest among princes, foreign occupation, defeats from the Turks to the south, the population had enough. In that very year, the mob looted the Jewish quarter. And yes, it was an urban movement, but this was against the mentality of the merchant class and those profiting from them. They're foreigners. They had no connection to the soil.

They had no connection to the population. And factional fighting, regional fighting, even within princely families, this is exactly what caused these quote-unquote invitations, or at the very least, taking out loans from these people and hence justifying their existence. You catch them in the corner of your eye. Distinctive. By design. They move you.

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Christmas with vouchers from trump dunbeg search trump ireland gift vouchers trump on dunbiog kush farraga okay moving on according to mn paprovsky the kiev pogrom of 1113 had social and not national character however the leaning of this class conscious historian towards social interpretations is well known. After he ascended to the Kiev throne, Vladimir answered the complainants. Since many Jews everywhere have received access to the various princely courts and have migrated there, it is not appropriate for me without the advice of the princes, and moreover, contrary to right, to permit killing and plundering them. Hence, I will without delay call the princes to assemble to give counsel. In the council, a law limiting the interest was established, which

Vladimir attached to Yaroslav statute, to Yaroslav statute. Karamzine reports appealing to Tatishev that Vladimir banned all Jews upon the conclusion of the council, and from that time forth there was none left in our fatherland. But at the same time, he qualifies. In the chronicles, in contrast, it says that in 1124, the Jews in Kiev died in a great fire. Consequently, they had not been banned. Bruscus explains that it was a whole quarter in the best part of the city at the Jew's gate next to the Golden Gate. At least one Jew enjoyed the trust of Andrei Bogoglioski or Andre Bogoglowski in Vladimir. Among the confidants of Andre

was a certain Ephraim Moiscik, whose patronomic Moiscik or Moisevich indicates his Jewish derivation, and who, according to the words of the Chronicles, was among the instigators of the treason by which André was murdered. However, there is also a notation that says that under Andrei Bogoliopsky, many Bulgarians and Jews from the Volga Territory. he came and had themselves baptized and that after the murder of Andre his son Georgi fled to a Jewish prince in Dagestan. In any

case, the information on the Jews in the you got good. This is one of the reasons I say this isn't unfinished book. He's kind of all over the place. André Blubowski is a totally different situation. He was a northerner,

a very different kind of economy. Moscow comes from his mentality. He's a saint. He was murdered by one of his Jewish physicians. But back to the riot 1113, it was very

popular. It was aimed at Jews but also those Gentiles that had business relationships with them. And these were well known. So it was a nobility who feared for their property that sent form on a mock to restore law and order. And they exaggerated how nasty the mob was trying to scare him.

But the targets of the mob were very clear. It was very articulate. So he does mention briefly some of the new laws that were passed by him at a meeting of the princess and as an anti-usory legislation that somehow is going to be enforced. And it was drawn up. Interest couldn't be compounded. Charging for money in usury were considered different. The interest charge could never, and this is common in other pieces of legislation,

it could never amount to more than the principle. Any violation of these things that tried to charge more, the debtor was then freed from the obligation to pay at all. The maximum rate of interest couldn't exceed 20% a year, and certain forms of smallholder and urban artisan property was protected and debt slavery was outlawed. An interest couldn't be collected for longer than two years.

After that, the loan did not collect it. It wasn't an interest-bearing loan anymore. If a debtor had to work off a loan, he had the full rights of a citizen. He wasn't a slave in that sense. However, there was one exception where slavery is permitted if the debtor tries to defraud the creditor. Now, because you don't have a regular bureaucracy at the time, this is really mostly an urban elite matter. The rural areas weren't monetized.

The monasteries really weren't monetized. So we're really talking about people in almost the physical reach of, you know, the ruling class at the time. And, but this just goes to show how bad things had become in that regard. And this is a place anywhere the Jews were brought in. And even, you know, 20% a year, you know, he had the opinion that there really isn't much he could do about it.

He can't enforce much. And he also doesn't want to hurt the economy that he had nothing to do with by saying that this is simply impossible. interest can't be charged. So he tried to moderate it as best as best he can. The church was a central institution behind. So, and many of the, you know, the bishops and monks were talking about this at this point. And the mentality, the practices of the Khazar is well known.

And they were making the connection between Jews, the Khazar Empire and that usurious mentality. The viciousness of the Khazars always remained within the Russian mentality in one form or another. And it was key, as I said before, to understanding the Russian mind in general. Moving on. In any case, the information on the Jews in the time of the Sistal Rus is scanty, as their numbers were obviously small. The Jewish Encyclopedia notes that in the Russian heroic songs, Bielan, the Jewish Tsar, the war. warrior Shadowen in the old Bilan about Ilya and Dobrina is a favorite general moniker for an enemy of the Christian faith. At the same time, it could also be a trace of memories of the struggle

against the Khazars. Hence, the religious basis of this hostility and exclusion is made clear. On this basis, the Jews were not permitted to settle in the Muscovirus. The invasion of the Tatars pretended the end of the lively commerce of the Kiev ruse, and many Jews apparently went to Poland. Also, the Jewish colonization of the Volignia and Galicia continued, where they had scarcely suffered from the Tatar invasion. The encyclopedia explains, during the invasion of the Tatar's 1239, which destroyed Kiev, the Jews also said, suffered, but at the second half of the 13th century, they were invited by the grand princes to resettling Kiev, which found itself under the domination of the Tatars. On account of the special rights, which were also granted to the Jews in other possessions of the Tatars,

envy was stirred up in the town residence against the Kiev Jews. Similar happened not only in Kiev, but also in the cities of North Russia, which under the Tatar rule were accessible for many, possibly Muslim, merchants from Khorisham and Kiva, who were long since experienced in trade and the tricks of profit seeking. These people bought from the Tatar's the principalities right to levy tribute. They demanded excessive interest from poor people, and in case of their failure to pay, declared the debtors to be their slaves and took away their freedom. The residents of Vladimir Sustal and Rostov finally lost their patience and rose up together at the peeling of the bells against the usurers. A few were killed and the rest chased off.

A punitive expedition of the Khan against the mutineers was threatened, which however was hindered via the mediation of Alexander Nevsky. In the documents of the 15th century, Kievite Jewish tax leasers are mentioned who possessed a significant fortune. You catch them in the corner of your eye. Distinctive by design. They move you even before you drive. The new Cooper plugin hybrid range for Mentor, Leon, and Teramar. Now with flexible PCP finance and trade-in boosters of up to 2000 euro.

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He's just jumped ahead a century, a century and a half. But the Carter invasion disrupted everything. And certainly, you know, the farther north you go and the farther west you go, the less of an impact it had. The swamps of Novgorod made it very difficult for them to get up there or so were told. I'm of the opinion that the Tartars, the Mongols were not Asiatic in the sense of what we consider Asiatic. All of the contemporary pictures of them don't show them with Asian features. but and I never hear of any reference to translators being necessary at least and I'm sure there were Central Asians involved in, you know, mercenaries and everything else.

But there's a lot of the Mongol invasion story that doesn't quite add up. But that's, we can't get into that here. It is true, though, that it disrupted the economy. And the entire Kiev and Commonwealth, all these independent cities, because of the consonant fighting, using foreigners to settle scores, and all of that, they really didn't put up a huge resistance. Again, that's partially because they weren't total foreigners, but at least order was imposed on this.

And he mentions properly that many Jews went to Poland. This is roughly around the time that they were invited in, which is a totally separate topic. we've actually we've dealt with this topic on on your show before um some months ago uh i also love how the jewish encyclopedia says the motivation is envy against the kiev jews but once the um once the shock of the invasion the implication here of what i'm reading is that once the shock and the invasion kind of wore off um rebuilding is something that incentivize a lot of princes, especially in Kiev, to bring Jews in. Also, though, the so-called Mongol or tartar invasion pretty much eliminated.

Kievros eliminated that old social system. I mean, people like Dugan think that this is really what, and it's a good thing, and it helped build because Moscow came out of all of this. But I guess the broader point is that because conquerors want tribute, and at least some of the time they want it in cash, although not all the time, this is a field day for usurers. And here you have, you know, given the chaos at the time,

debtors were actually turned into slaves, at least until everything is paid off. So this is important, but he doesn't spend a lot of time on it, but I think I know what he's getting at here. So that's kind of a summary of the mentality at the time. And, you know, this did nothing but benefit usurers, at least in the short term. Okay. New section, new heading.

This is the Judaizing heresy. A migration of Jews from Poland to the east, including white Russia, Belarus, should also be noted in the 15th century. There were lessers of tolls and other assessments in Minsk, Poloks, and in Smolensk, although no settled congregations were formed there. After the short-lived banishment of the Jews from Lithuania, 1496, the Eastward movement went forth with particular energy at the beginning of the 16th century. The number of Jews that migrated into the Moscovy Rus was insignificant, although influential Jews at that time had no different. difficulties going to Moscow. Toward the end of the 15th century in the very center of the spiritual and administrative power of the Rus' a change took place that, though barely noticed, could have drawn an ominous unrest in its wake and had far-reaching consequences in the spiritual domain.

It had to do with the Judaizing heresy. St. Joseph of Volokomsk, Kolomsk, you want to say it? Sometimes it's such Voloch. That's the shortened version of it. So let's just say St. Joseph of Valach that's good. Okay. St. Joseph of Valach, 1439 to 1515, who resisted it, observed since the time of Olga and Vladimir, the god-fearing Russian world has never experienced such a seduction. According to Cromson, it began thus. The Jew Zechariah, who in 1470 had arrived in Novgorod from Kiev,

figured out how to lead astray two spirituals, Dionys and Alexi. He assured them that only the law of Moses was divine. The history of the Redeemer was invented. The Messiah was not yet born. One should not pray to icons, etc. Thus began the Judaizing heresy. Sergei Soloviev 1820 to 79. 79 great Russian historian expands on this that Zechariah accomplished it with the aid of five accomplices who were also Jewish and that this heresy obviously was a mixture of Judaism and Christian rationalism that denied the mystery of the Holy Trinity and the divinity of Jesus Christ.

the Orthodox priest, Alexi, called himself Abraham, his wife he called Sarah, and along with Dionis, corrupted many spirituals and lay. But it is hard to understand how Zechariah was able so easily to increase the number of his Novgorod pupils, since his wisdom consisted entirely and only in the rejection of Christianity and the glorification of Judaism. Probably Zechariah seduced the Russians with the Jewish Kabbalah, a teaching that captured curious ignoramuses, and in the 15th century was well known when many educated men sought in at the solution to all important riddles of the human spirit. The Kabbalists extolled themselves. They were able to discern all secrets of nature, explain dreams, prophesy the future, and conjure

spirits. Okay. In the Western literature, the academic literature here, the writers, given that their academics are always dancing around this topic, I have a paper on this topic too, and it's one of the more interesting and generally mysterious events of Russian history. And it's not a shock that it came via Novgorod. Novgorod was strictly financially the wealthiest part of Russia at the time. It was the largest city in the Hanseatic League,

so at very close ties with Central and Western Europe. To summarize it simply, there was a small group of revolutionary Jews who sought to take over Russia, and that generally is what we call the Judaizer heresy or the Judaizer movement. and the result was, again, this is like Kuzaria, the rejection of this, thanks to Joseph of Volokamansk and Ghanadius of Novgorod,

and they were also surprised about how easy it was to penetrate the city and its clergy so easily. So, and allegedly, the leader of this, Sharia, was a, and allegedly, the leader of this, Sharia, was a a carite. I don't know how firm that is, but it really doesn't matter because we're talking about alchemy, we're talking about the Kabbalah. So 1471, I believe, was his appearance in Novgorod,

and it was just before the re-conquest in Spain and the mass exodus of Jews from the Pyrenees Mountains. And as he mentioned, the anti-Jewish laws in Lithuania. And he had a small group and his propaganda was pretty successful amongst the high elite. And because people were afraid of being called anti-Semitic, they simply reduce it to just saying, well, they were opposed to church corruption.

They were opposed to icons or liturgy. But it was an organized movement. They had cells of five men each, and they realized how critical the church was anywhere in Russia. So going after the elite of the church, very much like the Reformation, was top priority. There was no attempt to convert to lower classes whatsoever. It was condemned in 1488 to condemn the entire Judaizing movement. And here you have now official Orthodox doctrine banning this kind of Judaization. there was even a very primitive conception of Zionism

condemned at another synod two years later in 1490 so the agenda you know you don't have tons of written sources a lot of this was word of mouth but and this is this is right at the very beginning of the of the Florentine Renaissance

so these people were at the cusp of everything showing them how close this is to to the Kabbalah at the time. This was the creation of a new man, astrology, Gnostic alchemy, the combination of scientific theory at the time with social revolution. So these clergy that were converted,

they were able to see themselves as a vanguard of a new Russia that, by the way, they would rule. Revolutionary movements in modernity, they all have this character. They were very pious, for show. This is something the Jews were expert at,

but their converts did the exact same kind of thing. But these men now had access to credit money in an ideology that justified it all. And that meant that he had a lot of influence in the close circles of Zor Ivan III, one of the greatest czarists of the era. It spread to Novgorod because you still had remnants of slavery there,

but this ideology justified the division of the world into the elite and the cattle and of course promising tremendous power but they were very good at what they did there were always excellent propagandists

and Russians at the time were just not used to it we know propaganda very well we are involuntary experts in propaganda but at the time they didn't have much experience. And the more towards the interior of Russia you got,

central Russia today, the less experience they had with Jews. Now apparently by roughly 1,500, they had allegedly about 1,000 adherents in several Russian cities. So, but as they, as their converts got deeper, as they're very much like a degree system,

They realized later on, once they had access to all this stuff, they did have to renounce Christ, because Dionysius, as you mentioned, one of the first so-called converts, was told that he could remain a Christian and still practice the Gnostic sciences. You have the exact same thing with people like Bruno in the Florentine Renaissance, but their job was to appear as Christian as humanly possible. and so it looked good on the outside. Now, to the extent that the Talmud was directly involved, because at least the leader was a Karai, at least he said he was, it doesn't matter too much because the Kabbalah is the central issue here, whether Talmudist or Karait, the Gnostic mythos, is still learning the secrets of nature and hence controlling it and hence remaking it.

and therefore unlimited power could be theirs. And Kadamzin does mention it. He does talk about the arcane sciences, the keys of Solomon. And at a very rudimentary level, this is exactly what invaded Novgorod and the attempt to even take the royal family itself. And because the whole thing was based on deceit and a show of Christian piety, despite this being a vehemently anti-Christian movement, they did pretty well for a very short time until the church, St. Ghanadius in particular, St. Joseph wasn't a bishop, he was an habit of a very large monastery, realized what was going on. And in these, I think there were three synods total, condemned it and condemned all aspects from then on to today of Judaism or anything that smacks of Judaism.

So like how the Khazar Empire and the battle against it helped define the old Russian mentality, this is another variation of that. Because once this was condemned, once it was understood what was going on here, the church was now armed against it. And so here again, you have the Russian idea being partly a reaction to its opposite or Judaism. You catch them in the corner of your eye, distinctive by design. They move you, even before you drive. The new Cooper plugin hybrid range. For Mentor, Leon, and Terramar. Now with flexible PCP finance and trade-in boosters of up to 2,000 euro.

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Okay. Moving on. Jay Gessen, a Jewish historian of the 20th century, represents, in contrast to the opinion, it is certain that Jews participated neither in the introduction of the heresy nor its spread, but with no indication of his sources. The Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Ephron, of Ephron 1890 to 1906, the Russian equivalent of the 1911 Britannica, explained, apparently the genuinely Jewish element played no outstanding role limiting its contribution to a few rituals. The Jewish Encyclopedia, which appeared about the same time, writes on the other hand,

today since the publication of the Salter and the Judaizers and other memorials, the contested question of the Jewish influence on the sex must be seen as settled in a positive sense. the Novgorod heretics respected an orderly exterior appeared to fast, humbly, and zealously fulfilled all the duties of piety. They made themselves noticed by the people and contributed to the rapid spreading of the heresy. When after the fall of Novgorov, Ivan Vasilievich, the third, 1440 to 1505, English name would be John's son of Basel, Grand Prince of Moscow, Moscow, united the greater Russian territory under Moscow's rule, visited the city. He was impressed by their piety and took both of the first heretics, Alexei and Dionys, to Moscow in 1480, and promoted them as high kings of the Assumption of Maria and the Archangel

cathedrals of the Kremlin. With them also, the schism was brought over, the roots of which remained in Novgorod. Alexi found special favor with the ruler and had free access to him and with his secret teaching enticed not only several high spirituals and officials, but moved the Grand Prince to appoint the Archimandrite, the head abbot in Eastern Orthodoxy, Zossima, as metropolitan, that is, the head of the entire Russian church, a man from the very circle of those he had enticed with the heresy. In addition, he enticed Helena to the heresy, daughter-in-law, the great prince, widow of Yvonne the Younger, and mother of the heir to the throne, the blessed nephew, Dimitri. The rapid success of this movement and the ease with which it spread is

astonishing. This is obviously to be explained through mutual interests. When the Psalter of the Judaizing and other works, which could mislead the inexperienced Russian reader and were sometimes unambiguously anti-Christian, were translated from Hebrew into Russian, one could have assumed that only Jews in Judaism would have been interested in them. But also, the Russian reader was interested in the translations of Jewish religious texts, and this explains the success, which the propaganda of the Judaizing had in various classes of society. The sharpness and liveliness of this contract reminds me of that which had emerged in Kiev in the 11th century. This is one of these things that you come across in Russia, and there's not a whole

lot of examples of this happening elsewhere. Because the Talmud is very clear, the enemy of Jews is Rome, Rome in the very broad sense of the term, the opposite of the usurious mercantile mentality. The thin end of the wedge, Russia was, of course, being the third Rome, was the most mercantile city and, you know, loosely. I mean, this is this is not a nation state in our sense of the term, but certainly unified religiously and linguistically. Novgorod worried about, you know, the monarch putting limits on their greed, always had

kind of a rebellious elite. oligarchs in Novgorodzor Moscow is a threat to their ambitions and any excuse, any justification for their wealth and the war against oligarchy is going on to this very day in Russia the kind of pseudo-intellectual ideology that was being adopted here in dribs and drabs slowly over time. this early Kabbalah,

early introduction of the Kabbalah, was really an attempt to justify secession from Moscow and even to carve out a separate identity. Judaizing movement used the very lowest forms of lust to entice people. Contemporary sources, they connect this to sodomy, which could mean a lot of things, fornication, adultery, homosexuality,

which strongly suggests that their adherents were engaged in this and now had an excuse for their perversion. This is hinted at, only hinted at in the condemnation of Zosima, as you've already mentioned, of Novgorod, the Senate of 1490. Of course, he was deposed as a result of this. But it is important to note that because the Russian church wasn't ready for this, Russia wasn't ready for this. Russia wasn't ready for this. St. Gannadius did talk about the need to change things to streamline both monastics, monastic education and priestly education. A lot of these people were easy targets.

This wasn't just a manifestation of, quote, Western rationalism, rejecting the liturgy and things like that. Well, this was a materialist and anomalous movement, but Russian at the time didn't really have a, It wasn't a great language to communicate this stuff. It was just that foreign to it. They didn't substitute the Old Testament for the New, which is a very common in Western literature on this topic. They took pieces of the Old Testament,

mixed them with books of magic and alchemy. And so one of the things that St. Gannadius did was authorize a translation of the Bible, a new one, and laying out the most authoritative sources to show what was actual scripture and what was interjected into it, what was manipulated.

And that's why this Bible came out at the time because the, you know, Sharia and all the Judaizers were adding things or giving, you know, providing glosses to scriptural statements that had no basis in reality. and so some of the lower clergy thought, you know, this stuff was really in the Bible. So Gannadia said, okay, some of this ignorance has to go. We need to have our own authoritative Bible and make sure that these people know what the Bible says

versus what these and other people have added to it. So again, the entire thing is based on deceit. And with a group of people, and we could see it, we could see it today, with people who aren't used to it, who aren't used to this kind of mentality, they're, you know, they're easy pickings. So this was a key, not just, you know, political, legal, but an intellectual, spiritual watershed in Russian. history. The Novgorod Archbishop Ganadi uncovered the heresy in 1487, sent irrefutable proofs of it to Moscow, hunted the heresy out and unmasked it until in 1490 a church council assembled to discuss the matter under the leadership of the just-promoted metropolitan Sussima. With horror, they heard the complaint of Ganadi that these apostates insult Christ and the mother

of God, spit on the cross, call the icons like idolatrous images, bite on them with their teeth, and throw them into impure places, believe in neither the kingdom of heaven nor the resurrection of the dead, and enticed the weak while remaining quiet in the presence of zealous Christians. From the judgment of the council, it is apparent that the Judaizers did not recognize Jesus Christ as a son of God, that they taught the Messiah has not yet appeared, that they observed the Old Testament Sabbath Day rather than the Christian Sunday. It was suggested to the council to execute the heretics, but in accordance with the will of Ivan III, they were sentenced instead to imprisonment and the heresy was anathematized. In view of the coarseness of the century and the seriousness of the moral corruption, such a punishment was extraordinarily mild.

The historians unanimously explained this hesitation of Ivan in that the heresy had already spread widely under his own roof and was practiced by well-known influential people. Among them was Fyodor Kuditsyn, even Ivan's plenipotentiary secretary, so to speak, foreign minister, famous on account of his education and his capabilities. The noteworthy liberalism of Moscow flowed from the temporary dictator of the heart, F. Curatesen, F. Curitzen.

The magic of his secret salon was enjoyed, even by the Grand Prince and his daughter-in-law. The heresy was by no means in abatement, but rather prospered magnificently and spread itself out. At the Moscow court, astrology and magic, along with the attractions of the pseudoscientific revision of the entire medieval worldview, was solidly propagated,

which was free-thinking, the appeal of enlightenment, and the power of fashion. And this is one of the few places where you're going to get this laid out I've read pretty much everything at least in English

on the Judaizing heresy and they really don't say anything they're not familiar enough with how the Gnostic archana goes what the Kabbala really is even in rudimentary forms you know people like

Theodore Kuditsen well yeah he's right He's a foreign minister. He spoke many languages. To go to someone like that and to say, oh, no, this is what the New Testament really says. The church, that's just for the ignoramus. You know, we'll entertain them with pictures and everything else. But the elite, the intellectuals like you, you know, we'll tell you what the truth really is.

And we've come from afar in some exotic place with this secret knowledge. And it's embarrassing today. but that's the approach with some of the, you know, in his case, very educated people. And plus the fact that it justified bad habits, it justified any kind of sexual deviance. You don't have to fast anymore. How great is that?

And plus, you get to keep more of your money, and Novgorod has an excuse to not listen to Moscow anymore. You know, it's not a huge mystery as to why it was so successful. but we have to remember this is how Jewish revolutionaries have functioned every time it goes back this far

and even further than this it's always the same cellular esoteric exoteric distinction this flattery whatever method they needed to use it's time to destabilize a system

and a mentality based on logos and also taking advantage of the naeuf of people who don't really know about this and aren't used to this kind of propaganda. The concept of propaganda existed, but it wasn't a systematic thing. People at the time had no idea what that would even mean. So this was how this was spread, and it was a materialist doctrine. But the very simplistic, one and two-syllable ways. that this is described, even amongst academics in English, there's obviously no excuse for it.

And, of course, beyond ignorance, they're terrified of being called anti-Semitic. All right, we've got four more paragraphs to the next section, and then that's where we'll break it and pause till the next episode. All right. The Jewish Encyclopedia sets forth, moreover, that. Yvonne, do you pronounce it Yvonne or Ivan? Ivan. Ivan, okay. The Jewish Encyclopedia sets forth, moreover, that Ivan III out of political motivations, did not stand against the heresy. Would Zechariah's help, he hoped to strengthen his influence in Lithuania, and besides that, he wanted to secure the favor of influential Jews from the Crimea, of the princes and rulers of Taman's

peninsula, Zecharias de Gisulfi, and the Jew Kosi Koko a confidant of the Khan Mangli Ghire. After the Council of 1490, Sosema continued to sponsor a secret society for several years, but then was himself discovered, and in 1494, the Grand Prince commanded him to depose himself without process and to withdraw into a cloister without throwing up dust into all appearances willingly. The heresy, however, did not abate. For a time in 1498, its votaries in Moscow, seized almost all the power and their charge, Demetri, the son of Princess Helena,

was coronated as Tsar. Soon Ivan III coronated himself with his wife Sophia Palaiologas, and in 1502, his son Vasili inherited the throne. Curison by this time was dead. Of the heretics, after the Council of 1504, one part was burned, a second part thrown in prison and a third fled to Lithuania, where they formally adopted the Mosaic faith.

It must be added that the overcoming of the Judaizing heresy gave the spiritual life of the Muscovy Rus at the turn of the 16th century a new impetus, and contributed to recognizing to recognize in the need for spiritual education for schools for the spiritual, and the name of Archbishop Ganadi is associated with the collecting and publication of the first Church-Slavic Bible, of which there had not been, not to that point been a consolidated text corpus in the Christian East. The printing press was invented, and after 80 years this Ghanadi Bible was printed in Ostrog as the first Church-Slavic Bible, with its appearance, it took over the entire Orthodox East. Even Academy member S.F. Platonov gives a generalizing

judgment about the phenomenon. The movement of Judaizing no doubt contained elements of the West European rationalism. The heresy was condemned its advocates had to suffer, but the attitude of critique and skepticism produced by them over against dogma and church order remained. Today's Jewish Encyclopedia remembers the thesis that an extremely negative posture towards Judaism and the Jews was unknown in the Moscovirus up to the beginning of the 16th century, and derives it from this struggle against the Judaizers. Judging by the spiritual and civil measures of the circumstances, that is thoroughly probable.

Jay Gesson, however, contends it is significant that such a specific coloring of the heresy as Judaizing did not lessen the success of the sex and in no way led to the development of a hostile stance toward the Jews. I think because of their lack of experience with this mentality, You can think of like your average normie American. Ask him what a Jew is. And he's probably going to say something like,

well, they don't believe Christ is the Messiah. Their law is the Old Testament. They're the first five books of it. And, you know, the law of Moses or something like that. And it goes no, it goes no further than that. Some are even stupid enough to say, oh, they go to a different church than we do. a very Protestant kind of mentality.

But that's not too far off from what Solzhenitsyn and people he's citing are talking about here. It's people who had no experience with this, with the very concept of revolution, which was foreign to most people at the time. But because they had no experience with this, they didn't have really a developed conception. of what the Jews were at the time. Despite the fact that you had plenty of church fathers talking about it at great length, but the way that these people presented themselves, it was a very different story.

You know, we're not those kind of Jews. You know, for a people who were generally very good, unfortunately, very naive, it took someone like St. Joseph or St. Benadius to finally realize what was going on around them. And this should sound familiar to us. A handful of people finally realized what's going on around them. And then, at least in this case, you had a rational and more or less just political system that could react to this and take action against it. Now, what the Jewish encyclopedia is talking

about the Lithuanian issue and the finances, you know, that may or may not be true. but Ivan the third eventually realized what was happening thanks to these two very important churchmen at the time and took action against it. But he's also right to say that it didn't go away. That mentality is always there. It's really there in any Christian country. Right under the surface,

I think it essentially became Protestantism, especially under Calvin in the West. But anywhere you go, Catholic Orthodox country, this mentality is just under the surface. It's so much easier to slide down into sin than to ascend into virtue. And these people just justified it. And revolutionary ideologies always do, things like that. Had they become more successful and even converted to Ivan, what would have happened is anyone's guess.

But I don't think Russia would have continued to exist for much longer. as anything we know today. All right. Well, I'm as per normal when I release this, your links to everything, your work and where people can support you will be included in the show notes, but remind everybody right now. Well, my main base is Radio Albuyan. The Orthodox Nationalist. WordPress.com.

Or you can just go to Radio Albuans page and follow the links to, you know, with my name. I have a link there, the Russian Orthodox medievalist for direct donations. All my books are there. I have something like 13 out now on topics very much like this. And, of course, this has been my specialty, you know, most of my adult life. in fact January 1st was the 35th anniversary of me deciding to do this full time you know for better or for worse that was that was the date and so going to radio album you will be able to see all the ways to donate to contact me because this is my full-time job

I require donations and support to be able to function to remain independent and continue to expose this stuff. And I know I've been very influential in several circles. And whether we like it or not, Russia is the center of the world. And I have no Russian blood in me. But it's a simple fact of life. And Sultan Easton is bringing us into the doorway here as to what that really means. All right.

Until episode two. Thank you very much.