The Pete Quiñones Show - Reading Solzhenitsyn's '200 Years Together' w/ Dr. Matthew Raphael Johnson - Part 13

Episode Date: February 19, 2025

45 MinutesPG-13Dr. Matthew Raphael Johnson is a researcher, writer, and former professor of history and political science, specializing in Russian history and political ideology.Pete and Dr. Johnson continue a project in which Pete reads Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn's '200 Years Together," and Dr' Johnson provides commentary.Dr Johnson's PatreonRusJournal.orgTHE ORTHODOX NATIONALISTDr. Johnson's Radio Albion PageDr. Johnson's Books on AmazonPete and Thomas777 'At the Movies'Support Pete on His WebsitePete's PatreonPete's SubstackPete's SubscribestarPete's GUMROADPete's VenmoPete's Buy Me a CoffeePete on FacebookPete on TwitterBecome a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/the-pete-quinones-show--6071361/support.

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So thank you for the support. Head on over to freeman beyond the wall.com forward slash support and do it there. Thank you. I want to welcome everyone back to part 13 of our reading of 200 years together by Alexander Solzhenyson. How are you doing today, Dr. Johnson? Well, we have snow on the ground again. I'm very pleased. Things are going as well as a

could be under these circumstances, but let's get going, my friend. All right, let's do it. All right, picking up where we left off last time. The government of Nicholas also took a position on the inextricable problem of the internal tax collection of Jewish communities, first of all on the so-called casket indirect tax on the consumption of kosher meat. A provision of 1844 specified that part of the proceeds should be used to cover public careers in the community to finance the organization in Jewish schools and to distribute subsidies to Jews who devoted themselves to agriculture. But there was also an unexpected imbruglio.

I know how to pronounce that word, but when I look at it, I'm terrible at it. So let me try that again. I have a few words like that too. Yeah, it's all right. But there was also an unexpected embryo. Although the Jews were subject to the capitation on the same basis as the Christian bourgeois, that is, to a direct tax, the Jewish population, thanks to an amount of the casket were,

it is to say, in a privileged position to pay the royalty. In fact, from then on, Jews, including the wealth, is covered by personal payments only an insignificant part of the taxes owed to the tax authorities, turning the balance into arrears. And these never ceased to accumulate. By the mid-50s, they exceeded $8 million rubles. There followed a new imperial decree dictated by exasperation. For every $2,000 rubles of new arrears, an adult had to be provided as recruit. In 1844, a new and energetic attempt was made, again aborted, to expel the Jews from the villages. Heson pictorially writes that in Russian laws designed to normalize the lives of Jews,

one hears as a cry of despair, in spite of all its authority, the government fails to extirpate the existence of the Jews from the depths of Russian life. No, the leaders of Russia had not yet realized a full weight and even unassimilability of the immense Jewish legacy received as a gift under the successive divisions of Poland. What to do with this intrinsically resistant and rapidly expanding group in the Russian national body? They could not find reliable rulings and were all the more incapable of foreseeing the future. The energetic measures of Nicholas I first surged one after the other, but the situation was apparently only getting more complicated. I don't think there's much complicated here. I think the only complication is how the bureaucracy

functioned in the different levels and steps they had to go through. But as far as the problem itself, I think it's very simple. I think you have a lot of people, well, you could divide them into two categories. Russian elites, non-Jewish Russian elites, either they're profiting from this. They're working with the Jews like the Polish nobles used to do. Or they simply don't know. And they think of Jews like a normal group of people, not this Machiavellian cancer in a very Christian society. Expelling the Jews from villages. You know, I thought Russia was this authoritarian bureaucratic behemoth, how are all of these failing? How come they can't, they can't enforce anything?

Which shows you, of course, as always, the received knowledge of old Russia is wrong. The bureaucracy was very small relative to Russia's size. It was very small relative to Western Europe. And I have the feeling that the Gahal, which Nicholas will abolish, had the resources to do what it pleased. However, this was going to do,

you didn't have a prison system. You didn't have a regular police force in a sense that we use the phrase. Russia was an empire, not a state. You know, again, like you would see in France and Spain today, it's not what it was. These were all self-governing, groups, but none of them took up this much time, none of them took up this much effort,

and none of them ever just had one failure after another, after another, after another. And this is not going to end until the revolution. It's going to continuously be this, you know, naivete, this silliness, everything short of simply deporting them. Of course, they brought in these parts of Poland. They've been there for a long time. If they couldn't do things like this, I don't know, maybe deporting them was not the question, but none of this is going to be solved. And while Nicholas may have understood it, as Sultan Eastern says here, the leaders of Russia, still, for one of those two reasons, they don't understand it either. A similar failure.

which was escalating, followed Nicholas I in his struggle against the Jewish contraband's at the Frontiers. In 1843, he categorically ordered the expulsion of all Jews from a buffer zone of 50 kilometers deep adjacent to Austria and Prussia, in spite of the fact that at some frontier customs, the merchants who traded, were practically all Jews. The measure was immediately corrected by numerous exemptions. First, a two-year period was allowed for the sale of the goods, and then the duration was extended, and material assistance was offered to the expelese for their new settlement. Furthermore, they were exempted for five years from all royalties. For several years, the transfer was not even initiated, and soon the government in Nicholas I stopped insisting on the expulsion of the Jews

from this border strip of 50 kilometers, which allowed some of them to stay where they lived. It was on this occasion that Nicholas received a new warning of which he did not measure the extent and the consequences for the whole of Russia. This formidable but very partially enforced measure intended to expel the Jews from the frontier zone, motivated by a contraband which had assumed an extension dangerous to the state, had aroused in Europe such indignation that it may be asked whether it was not this measure that drastically confused European public opinion with Russia. It may be said that the particular decree of 1843 must date from the very beginning of the era when the Western Jewish world, in the defense of its co-religionist in Russia, began to exert a decisive influence, which from then on would never fall again.

This is a key point. We're getting into the Crimean era here. I've always said that the present war that the West has waged on Russia for at least, least 15 years. It's not another Cold War. There were no sanctions in the Soviet Union during the Cold War. The U.S. traded and built so much of their of their economy, traded with them. No, it is a new Crimean War. The Jews were a huge part of that too. Even this very mild idea of expelling them because they were a criminal syndicate, all kinds of smuggling, of God knows what, over the border with Prussia.

Again, apparently very porous border. The people involved were Jewish anyway. And they were going to be compensated for this expulsion. Because of the domination, the Jews in France and parts of Germany and or what will become Germany. And Britain was able to raise a stink, which then would create a diplomat. issue. This is very important. This may be the first time or one of the first, for something

so, so minor. But even when Nicholas wants to expel them for very good reason from this frontier zone, they don't want their criminal enterprise to be vitiated. So they had already dominated the money in the press of much of Western Europe and Northern Europe. And they said, okay, we'll start an anti-Russian campaign. Now, they've done this many times since, as we all know. Same thing for Germany and everywhere else. And this may be why Nicholas was very, very, and the rest of the czarves up until the end,

was very worried about doing anything excessive or severe against Jews, because now they're going to have to deal with a Western Europe that Nicholas now has learned is very much under Jewish control. At least its media, at least much of its finance, some of its foreign trade. As I've said before, Benjamin's Israeli was prime minister at some point in this era, who was a converted Jew, but very much a Jew mentally. So this is somewhat, and Crimean is going to be another one,

this is somewhat of a milestone here, because Nicholas realizes, that their control over the Western, vaguely speaking, Western media is tremendous and anything they don't like. They can't control the czar, like the control of the governments. They had no control over the Russian banking system, no control over the currency. That was strictly under the monarchy, and that's stuck in their craw. So you're going to see a growing campaign of anti-Russian nonsense in the West. It will culminate in Crimea, but will continue

straight up until the backing of the Red armies, not the White armies, by the Entente during the Civil War. And this is going to go on because they couldn't control the Tsar of Russia, and certainly not Nicholas, certainly not Alexander the 3rd,

certainly not Nicholas a second, they couldn't control them, and therefore there has to be an external force that they were able to mobilize. Not just money, but media control. This is extremely important. Airgrid, operator of Ireland's electricity grid, is powering up the Northwest. We're planning to

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TV and broadband sold separately. Terms apply for more info. He's got out of e-slash-beads. One of the manifestations of this new attention was the arrival in Russia in 1846 of Sir Moses Montefiore, the bearer of a letter of recommendation from Queen Victoria instructing him to obtain the improvement of the fate of the Jewish population of Russia. You went to, yeah.

Just magic. Snap your fingers. No. He went to several cities of high Jewish density, then from England, sent a long letter to the emperor recommending the emancipation of the Jews from all limiting legislation to grant them equal rights with all of their subjects, with the exception of course of the serfs, in the short term, to abolish all constraints in the exercise of the right to settle and circulate between the boundaries of the pale of settlement, to allow merchants and craftsmen to visit the provinces, to allow Christians to be employed in the service of the Jews to restore the Kahal. But on the contrary, Nicholas did not relinquish his determination to bring order to the lives of the Jews of Russia. He resembled Peter the Great in his resolution to structure by decree the whole state and

the whole of society, according to his plan and to reduce the complexity of the society to simple, easily understood categories as Peter had formally trimmed all that disturbed the clear configuration of the taxable classes. So, Zarr Nicholas, now, if the media campaign didn't convince him, this visit, Sir Moses, this most certainly convinced him what was going on in Britain. What is Queen Victoria care? It was shocking. There's no doubt it was shocking to him.

Many within the Russian elite that they dominate the West now. And he was well aware that if they followed the, and this is going to be a. constant with Western Europeans despising Russia for their alleged treatment of the Jews. I've seen a few of the newspaper articles from roughly this time period. And like all journalists, they just make things up. We'll start seeing at the end of the 19th century, the first references to the 6 million. They start 6 million Jews in Ukraine who are going to be killed, who are held, in prison or something like that.

And this is going to continue and it's not going to explode, literally and figuratively, until the end of World War II. But that they were so powerful that this was an official visit with a letter from Queen Victoria to allow the Jews ultimately to dominate your financial system, which is what this comes down to. Nicholas was well aware. First of all, you don't tell a man of very strong will like Tsar Nicholas

had to do something. It's very condescending and this condescension is going to always be there especially as far as Britain is concerned. Britain was never an ally of Russia despite what was going on in World War I. And the limiting legislation

restore the cahal. Clearly this was written by the Jews of Britain. You know, what would they care? The cahol was? some of the limiting and constraining aspects of

Jewish life in Russia? What would they even know about it? So clearly this was written by a Jewish bank, Rothschild, whoever, and Victoria was, you know, wise to sign it and sent over

to Russia. And this is going to be a constant complaint of the British attack on Russia from here on in. for their alleged treatment of the Jews. This had to have been shocking to the Russian elite, and certainly it was to Cesar Nicholas,

that this is the level of domination that the Jews have over British life. This time it was a question of differentiating the Jewish population from the towns, the bourgeois. This project began in 1840, when the intention was to go beyond the national and religious singularity of the Jews. They endeavor to study the root of their obstinate isolation

in relation to the absence of any productive work in them, their harmful practice of small trades, accompanied by all sorts of frauds and tricks. Regardless, the idleness of many Jews, the government circles blamed it on inveterate habits. They considered that the Jewish mass might have been able to find livelihoods, but traditionally refused to exercise certain types of employment. Count Kisley of proposed to the emperor the following measure.

without affecting the Jewish merchants, perfectly well-settled, to worry about the so-called bourgeois Jews, more precisely to divide them into two categories. To count in the first, those who benefit from goods and a solid sedentary lifestyle, and include in the second, those who are devoid of these factors and set a period of five years for them to be made craftsmen in workshops or farmers. One regarded as an artisan, the one who enrolled forever in a workshop as a sedentary bourgeois, one who had enrolled, in a workshop for a certain time. As for those who did not fulfill these conditions at the end of the period of five years and remain confined to their former state, they would be considered useless and subjected to military service in a period of work of a particular type. They would be enrolled in the Army, those 20 years old and onward, in number three times

higher than the standard required, not for the usual 25 years of military service, but for only 10. And, meanwhile, they would be used in the Army or the Navy by instilling in them, above all, different trades, and then, with their consent, they would make them craftsmen or farmers. In other words, they would be forcefully, forcibly given vocational education. But the government did not have the funds to do so and was considering using the casket tax, as Jewish society could only be interested in this effort to rehabilitate its members through labor. I always recommend E. Michael Jones, one of my great teachers from years ago, in his barren metal. And near the end of that huge book, he explains in detail how so many elements of the British ruling class.

He talks about the Churchill's, not just Winston, but prior to him. their ridiculous level of spending, they're gambling, just a degenerating aristocracy that was kept afloat by Jewish money, specifically the Rothschild family. And when you have a lot of British elites, and this was the case elsewhere,

heavily in debt with the Jews keeping them afloat, well, this is how you explain this kind of the letter from Queen Elizabeth but I think the best way to understand the Jewish system I'm going to refer to the Kahul even though it technically is abolished but it's still organized along those lines

it is an organized crime syndicate and that's why you know you have huge numbers of idle Jews who are living very well well how could that be they're living from smuggling, all kinds of rent-seeking. They use bribery.

Everything is done within the family, within the, within the Cahal. They're not, for the most part, subject to the external courts. And someone had to have been aware of this. Nicholas certainly was that you can't have that large number of idle, otherwise normal people unless they're getting this income that we don't know about. The Tsar knew somewhat about it because you wouldn't have had them removed from that frontier area. And he was getting progressively more angry, which explains the three times higher than the standard required, even though it was only for 10. Something.

Europe, they're parasites even in the Jewish community. And yet they all have plenty of money. you think of an organized crime syndicate I think that makes more sense when you're talking about the Jews in Russia at the time than just one, an ethnic minority like you would with anybody else or religious minority that's how they function

the fact that you had this wealthy minority that always had tax arrears I'm not sure how they figured that but they were doing everything in their power to avoid the census we've talked about all this before and saw Russia as its enemy. And if you're a Jew at this point and you see everything that the Russian government

is trying to do, you've got to roll your eyes. You know, what do we have to do? And don't keep in mind also. These are heavily armed. Many of them are well aware of martial arts in Western Europe and Eastern Europe, weaponry and everything else. They're not this defenseless group of people, and they're able to discipline their own members.

I think bribery is a central aspect here, but you have to force a vocational education on a huge number of Jews that don't seem to be doing anything. Now, they're living off rents. They're living off crime. That's what the smuggling idea was. We're in the same period as the Opium Wars in China. run by the Sassoon family from their opium poppy farms in British India

and you know all of this was just getting started and the Jews were well aware of this huge amount of money that their different communities were making around the world and they had access to all of this power and in the meantime they dominate the state through debt as well as through

media control but in the mafia it's the same way you have a huge gambling debt with the mafia well they take over your business or a piece of your business and that's how you pay them back and this is slowly but surely is how the Jews have come to dominate in Britain

and how they came to dominate for a very long time in the Polish Empire Air Grid Operator of Ireland's electricity grid is powering up the northwest we're planning to upgrade the electricity grid in your area and your input and local knowledge are vital

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4.6 Northwest. Employers, rewarding your staff? Why choose between a shop voucher or a spend anywhere card when with options card, you can have both. With options card, team gets the best of both worlds. They can spend with Ireland's favourite retailers or choose a spend anywhere card. It's simple to buy and easy to manage. There are no hidden

fees, it's easy to use and totally flexible. They can even re-gift or donate to a good cause. Make your awards more rewarding. Visit optionscard.i today. This Black Friday gain stream and go full speed with one gig Sky broadband and watch unmissable shows like all her fault on Sky. These nice people killing you. and Ballad of a Small Player starring Colin Farrell on Netflix. I made some mistakes. Right, who hasn't? Get one gig Sky Broadband, Essential TV and Netflix, all for just 44 euro a month for 12 months.

Our lowest ever price. Availability subject location, new customers only, 12 month minimum terms, started pricing thereafter. TV and broadband sold separately. Terms apply for more invoice. He sky.8 slash beads. In 1840, Nicholas I gave his approval to the project. The phrase unnecessary Jews was replaced by not performing productive work. All measures to transform the lives of the Jews were reduced to a single decree providing for the following steps.

1. Regularization of the collection of the casket and suppression of the cahal. 2. Creation of general education schools for Jews. 3. Institution of parochial rabbis. 4. Establishment of the Jews on land belonging to the state for agricultural purposes. 5. Categorization. 6. Prohibition to wear the long garment. A prohibition to wear the long garment. Kisley thought of introducing social categorization in a fairly distant future.

Nicholas placed it before agriculture, which, for a quarter of a century, had not ceased to be a failure. However, the categorization provided for a period of five years for the choice of occupations, and the measure itself was not announced until 1846, meaning it could not turn into a reality until January 1852. In 1843, the Governor General of New Russia, Count Voronsov rose up against this measure. He wrote that the occupations of this numerous class of merchants and intermediaries were vilified, and that 80% of the Jewish population was counted as useless elements, which meant that 80% of the Jews were mainly engaged in trade. And Voronsov hoped that, given the vast economic potential in New Russia,

any form of constraint could be limited. He did not think it necessary to expel the Jews from the villages but thought that it was enough to intensify their education. He warned that the categorization would probably arouse indignation in Europe. It's hard to tell he's, if this quote is true. Now, this translate, it sounds like a machine translation, maybe cleaned up a little bit. It's old. It was long before the machine translations were, you know, they're much, better now, because there's some awkwardness here.

But I'm not 100% sure that trade was the same thing as useless in, or at least in the monarch's mind. I don't know, I mean, he seems to be, Count Bronsov seems to be defending the Jews here. He was living there. Of course, he's a governor general. he's appointed by Petersburg. I don't know enough about him personally to know if he's like Winston Churchill who's heavily in debt with,

I don't know if that's true or not, but not thinking it necessary to expel the Jews from villages. Well, they were in the rural areas, not because they liked the rural areas, but because, as we said last week, we said before, this was their monopoly on alcohol

and the taverns and the prostitution and that kind of social manipulation the degeneracy that they were promoting wherever they went these places were also where you would meet the Jew for alone again very much very

very much like a cliche organized crime but what trade means is very broad I'm not entirely sure what he's talking about here. But 80%, well, I could believe that. I think maybe what he means is that 80%, or what the reality is, that 80% were living off of rents,

not necessarily trade. You know, let's be careful. The economic conception of rent has nothing to do with like renting an apartment. A rent is when you leverage your position of power to extract more from someone than they normally would pay because you're powerful. It's like if you're a defense lawyer

and someone has been accused of a crime and he's running to you, oh please get me out of this, get me out of this, I'll pay you anything. Well, and then you gouge him. That would be an example of a rent. And this is, I think, what a lot of Jewish money was coming from.

I don't know if trade in the merchant element, were the same. But if the count here doesn't want them removed from the village, which apparently, no matter how many times they tried to do this, hasn't worked, then maybe there's more to him than meets the eye here. But the last thing he says, categorization, meaning that there is this useless element, 80% roughly, and then those who actually do want to work for a living, one way or another,

that that's what's going to irritate the Jews in Western Europe and therefore they were going to use their control over that society to come down on Russia. And again, by now, Tsar Nicholas was well aware of that fact. Scalded, by the way, Europe had reacted to the attempt to expel the Jews from the border area. The Russian government drew up a detailed statement of the new measure in 1846. In Poland, Jews had neither citizenship nor the right to own immovable property.

and was therefore restricted to petty trading in the sale of alcohol. Incorporated in Russia, they saw the limits of their residents extended, they received civil rights, access to the class of merchants in the cities, the right to own real estate, to enter the category of farmers, the right to education, including access to universities and academies. It must be admitted that the Jews did receive all these rights from the first decades of their presence in the famous prison of the peoples. Nevertheless, a century later, in a collection written by Jewish authors, one finds the following assessment, quote,

when the annexation to Russia of the Polish provinces with their Jewish population, promises were made concerning rights and attempts to realize them. But at the same time, mass expulsions outside villages had begun. Indeed, they had been outlined, but were never effective. Double taxation was implemented. and to the institution of the palest settlement was undertaken. If one thinks that this way of exposing history is objective, then one will never reach to truth. Unfortunately, however, the government communique of 1846 pointed out that the Jews did not take advantage of many of these measures. Constantly defying integration with the civil society in which they live, most kept their old way of life,

taking advantage of the work of others, which on all sides legitimately entails the complaints of the inhabitants. For the purpose, it is important to free them from their dependence on the elders of the community, the heirs of the former leaders of the Kahal, to spread education and practical knowledge in the Jewish population, to create Jewish schools of general education, to provide means for their passage to agriculture, to blur the differences of clothing, which are unfair to make. Jews. As for the government, it esteems itself entitled to hope that the Jews will abandon all their reprehensible ways of living and turn to a truly productive and useful work. Only those who refuse to do so will be subject to incentivize measures for parasitic members

affecting and harming it. So far, this list of things that the monarchs of Russia one of the Jews to do seems pretty reasonable. It all comes down to not being parasites. Maybe working the land, I mean, that's incredibly stupid. But everything else seems very doable and very reasonable. But so far, no one has got the memo that to be a parasite is the only way to be if you're a Jew in a very Christian society. You can't help it in any way.

You can't assist it in any way. you have to help destroy it in one way or another. What happened with Kimonietzky in 1648 and many things, nothing, they never learned. It doesn't dawn on them that this is what can happen. And of course, God knows what they're telling the British elites at this time. Almost no one over there spoke Russian. In the middle of the 19th century, it was very, you know, Russia was just this exotic place.

But all of this, all of these reasonable things are seen and are interpreted both then and now as forms of persecution. Air Grid, operator of Ireland's electricity grid, is powering up the northwest. We're planning to upgrade the electricity grid in your area and your input and local knowledge are vital in shaping these plans. Our consultation closes on the 25th of November. Have your say, online or in person. so together we can create a more reliable, sustainable electricity supply for your community. Find out more at airgrid.e. 4.6 Northwest. Employers, rewarding your staff?

Why choose between a shop voucher or a spend anywhere card, when with Options Card, you can have both. With Options Card, your team gets the best of both worlds. They can spend with Ireland's favourite retailers or choose a Spend Anywhere card. It's simple to buy and easy to manage. hidden fees, it's easy to use and totally flexible. They can even

re-gift or donate to a good cause. Make your awards more rewarding. Visit optionscar.I.E. Today, this Black Friday game, stream and go full speed with one gig, Sky broadband. And watch unmissable shows like all her fault on Sky. These nice people

killing each other. And Ballad of a Small Player starring Colin Farrell on Netflix. I've made some mistakes. Right, who hasn't? Get one gig Sky Broadband, Essential TV and Netflix, all for just 40 euro a month for 12 months. Our lowest ever price. Availability subject location, new customers only, 12 month minimum terms, standard pricing

thereafter, TV and broadband sold separately. Terms apply for more infoose. He's sky.a.e slash beads. In his reply to this text, Montefiore condemned the categorization by insisting that all the misfortune came from the limitations imposed on the free circulation of the Jews and their trade. Nicholas retorted that if the passage of the Jews to productive work was successful, time of itself would gradually mitigate these limitations. He was counting on the possibility of re-education through work, being held in check here and there and elsewhere in his efforts to transform the way

of life of the Jews. He had ambition to break the Jews' tendency to close in on themselves and to solve the problem of their integration with the surrounding population through labor and the problem of labor by drastically reinforced conscription. The reduction of the length of military service for the Jews from 25 to 10 years, and the intention of providing them with vocational training was scarcely clear. What was perceived concretely was the levying of recruits, now proportionately three times more numerous than among Christians. Ten recruits per year per 10,000 male inhabitants, and for Christians, seven recruits per thousand once every two years. Faced with this increase in recruitment, more people sought to escape.

those who were designated for conscription went into hiding. In retaliation at the end of 1850, a decree stipulated that all recruits not delivered on time should be compensated by three additional recruits in addition to the defaulter. Now Jewish communities were interested in capturing the fugitives or replacing them with innocent people. In 1853, a decree was issued enabling Jewish communities and private individuals to present as a recruit any person taken without papers. The Jewish communities were seen to have paid takers or snatchers who captured their catch. They received from the community a receipt attesting that the community had used their services when handing over those who did not respond to the call or who carried expired passports,

even if they were from another province or teenagers without a family. I think one of the things that frustrated Nicholas is the, well, from his point of view, loyalty to the Kahal system, that did absolutely nothing, but exploit and repress poor Jews. Now, they like the recruitment idea. The elders of the Jewish community love the recruitment idea, because not only do they get a tax break, you know, I think, what did we say, $2,000 or $4,000 rubles per recruit, but they also can get rid of their troublemakers. and so to run away, to try to escape, they're not running away from the recruiting sergeant,

they're running away from other Jews who can't wait to send them off. And now you have, of course, typical an industry that they've developed to capture them and to get the rewards for it. So today, they'll say how awful and evil this was, but at the time, that Cahaw couldn't have been happier with it. But that was not enough to compensate for the missing recruits. In 1852, two new decrees were added. The first provided for each

recruit, the first provided for each recruit provided in excess of the quota imposed to relieve the community of 300 rubles of arrears. The second prohibited the concealment of Jews who evaded military service and demanded a severe punishment for those who had fled conscription. Imposed fines on the communities that had hidden them, and instead of the missing recruits, to enlist their relatives or the community leaders responsible for the delivery of the recruits within the prescribed time limits. Seeking by all means to escape recruitment, many Jews fled abroad and went to other provinces. From then on, the recruitment gave rise to a real bacchanalia.

The snatchers became more and more fierce, on the contrary, men in good health and capable of working scurried off went into hiding and the backlogs of the community grew. The sedentary and productive part uttered protests and demands. If recruitment began to strike to an equal extent the useful elements with those which did not exercise productive work, then the vagabonds will always find means of hiding and all the weight of the recruitment would fall in the useful, which would spread among them disorder and the ruin. I think the abolition of the cahol worked against recruitment, because, the Gahal was in charge of sending the recruit to the to the recruiting sergeant. It was a communal decision. You know, today, they'll make it seem like, you know, the recruiting sergeant came to the area,

just grabbed a Jew and left. No, this was up to the community. Without the legal status, and again, whether or not it still existed just in custom, I don't know, in great detail. but um um um um

what I'm trying to say is uh breaking that down eliminated a legal means by which they could take these be vagabonds or whatever they are get that money uh and now if it's over and above the quota they get they get more money

and um and none will satisfy satisfy the government so um uh that's I think it's there's clearly a connection between the abolition of the calm on one side and the growth of the snatcher industry on the other. The administrative overflows made the absurdity of the situation clear because of the difficulties that ensued. Questions were raised, for example, about the different types of activity. Are they

useful or not? This fired up the St. Petersburg ministries. The Council of State demanded that the social categorization be delayed so long as the regulations of the workshop, workshops were not elaborated. The emperor, however, did not want to wait. In 1851, the provisional rules for the categorization of Jews and special rules for Jewish workshops were published. The Jewish population was deeply concerned, but according to the testimony of the Governor General of the Southwest, it no longer believed that this categorization would enter into force. And in fact, it did not take place. The Jewish population was not divided into categories.

In 1855, Nicholas I died suddenly, and categorization was abandoned. forever. Remember, this says he died near the end of the Crimean War, which was going on. The concept of categorization was to enter into force the fact and then make it public that you have a huge proportion, an overwhelming majority of the Jews, that were social parasites as far as Russia was concerned. that was the fear, and that was also the fear that led the protests from Britain and France at the time as well. Throughout the years 1850 to 1855, the sovereign had, on the whole, displayed a limitless sense of pride and self-confidence, accumulating gross blunders which stupidly led us to the Crimean War against the coalition of states before suddenly dying while the conflict was raging.

The sudden death of the emperor saved the Jews from a difficult situation, just as a sudden death of the emperor saved the Jews from a difficult situation, just as they were to be saved a century later by the death of Stalin. Thus ended the first six decades of massive presence of Jews in Russia. It must be acknowledged in neither their level nor their lack of clarity prepared the Russian authorities at that time to face such an ingrained, gnarled, and complex problem. But to put on these Russian leaders the stamp persecutors of Jews amounts to distorting their intentions and compounding their abilities. Now, this is one of the reasons that many, many years ago, I ended up specializing in this field because the lies that were told by Jews and, of course, those who were attached to them, liberals of all stripes, were akin to the lies that, you know, you hear about the Third Reich, anything. They could make up anything they wanted, and it's going to be believed. Largely you had of ignorance and in the Jewish community, I mean, the concept of

as I mentioned before, this is the third Rome. They were doing everything they could to bring it down. Rome was the land power based on virtue, extended family, the nation tradition. But specifically, the Orthodox tradition. The third Rome was the complete opposite, the polar opposite of the Babylon, where the Jews helped create, and the Jews, where the Talmud, at least at one point, came from. it's really hard to add to Solzhenitsyn's conclusion. You know, it was a total lack of clarity. They were not ready for any of this. The problem was way beyond them.

And I think we realized there's a whole bunch of reasons why expulsion was simply out of the question. But it's very easy in the face of massive public ignorance, including in the academy and elsewhere, that you could just call them the worst, you know, they sound like the world, rather than the truth, which is they continued the tradition of Qasaria. And it's that both ferocious and parasitic nature of that empire, wherever they went, especially

in Eastern Europe and especially in Russia. All right. Well, that's a natural end. We're coming up to chapter four here. So this will be a short one, and we'll be back to start chapter four in a couple of days. As I always do, I want to encourage everyone to go to the show notes of this episode, anywhere, the video, any podcast feed. And there will be ways there that you can support the work of Dr. Johnson. And please do.

And I appreciate all you. So far, the feedback on this has been phenomenal, Dr. Johnson. People are really excited. I think a lot of people have read this, but your commentary is opening their eyes to so much more. than just what the words on the paper tell us. Now, I'm gratified. I've seen some of that too. Yeah, I'm doing my best,

and I think this was an excellent project, however long this is going to be. Take care, Dr. Johnson. Bye-bye.