The Pete Quiñones Show - Reading Solzhenitsyn's '200 Years Together' w/ Dr. Matthew Raphael Johnson - Part 19

Episode Date: March 19, 2025

56 MinutesPG-13Dr. Matthew Raphael Johnson is a researcher, writer, and former professor of history and political science, specializing in Russian history and political ideology.Pete and Dr. Johnson continue a project in which Pete reads Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn's '200 Years Together," and Dr' Johnson provides commentary.Dr Johnson's PatreonRusJournal.orgTHE ORTHODOX NATIONALISTDr. Johnson's Radio Albion PageDr. Johnson's Books on AmazonPete and Thomas777 'At the Movies'Support Pete on His WebsitePete's PatreonPete's SubstackPete's SubscribestarPete's GUMROADPete's VenmoPete's Buy Me a CoffeePete on FacebookPete on TwitterBecome a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/the-pete-quinones-show--6071361/support.

Ready for huge savings, we'll mark your calendars from November 28th to 30th because the Lidl Newbridge Warehouse Sale is back. We're talking thousands of your favourite Liddle items all reduced to clear. From home essentials to seasonal must-habs, when the doors open, the deals go fast. Come see for yourself. The Liddle New Bridge Warehouse Sale, 28th to 30th of November. Liddle, more to value. You catch them in the corner of your eye, distinctive by design. They move you, even before you drive.

The new Cooper plugin hybrid range. For Mentor, Leon, and Terramar. Now with flexible PCP finance and trade-in boosters of up to 2,000 euro. Search Coopera and discover our latest offers. Coopera. Design that moves. Finance provided by way of higher purchase agreement from Volkswagen Financial Services, Arland Limited, subject to lending criteria. Terms and conditions apply.

Financial Services Ireland Limited. Trading as Cooper Financial Services is regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland. Great to see you back at Speck Savers. Okay. Could you read out the letters on the wall for me? Yep. D-E-A-L-S? Yeah, D-E-A-L-S. Deals. Oh, right. Yes. Our Black Friday deals are eye-catching. But the letter chart's over here. Oh, sorry. At Spec Savers, we've got all sorts of unmissable Black Friday deals. Like up to 70 euro off one pair of designer glasses. Offer ends on 7th of December 2025. Conditions apply. Ask in store for details. If you want to support the show and get the episodes early and add free, head on over to

freeman beyond the wall.com forward slash support. I want to explain something right now. If you support me through Substack or Patreon, you have access to an RSS feed that you can plug into any podcatcher, including Apple, and you'll be able to listen to the episodes through there. If you support me through Subscrib Star, Gumroad, or on my website directly, I will send you a link where you can download the file, and you can listen to it any way you wish. I really appreciate the support everyone gives me. It keeps the show going. It allows me to basically put out an episode every day now, and I'm not going to stop. I'm just going to accelerate. I think sometimes you see that I'm putting out two, even three a day.

And, yeah, can't do it without you. So thank you for the support. Head on over to freeman beyond the wall.com forward slash support and do it there. Thank you. I want to welcome everyone back to part 19 of our reading of 200 years together by Alexander Solshinisen. Dr. Johnson, how are you doing today? I'm doing okay.

The cats, I don't know if you noticed. I think it's on YouTube. A few people have noticed that there's a cat pill now because you could hear, I think it's Chbapurdy, you could hear in the background of the last one. So that's going to be a part of this, I think. But my cats are particularly rambunctious today. So it's going to happen again. That's fine.

It happened. the one time that we got your cat was inserting him I think it was inserting herself into it was perfectly fun I don't think anyone oh I don't think anyone even made a comment about it I think was on you think someone wrote based and cat pilled so we have a cat pill now kitten actually in her case but but I'm I'm all for the cat pill That's awesome. All right, here we go, picking up where we left off from the last time. In that generally unenlightened time, that re-inclination could probably have happened in different ways.

For example, there was then such a popular conception that the Tsar was killed by nobles in revenge for liberation of the peasants. In Ukraine, anti-Jewish motives existed. Still, it is possible the first movements of spring 1881. anticipated the plot of the Nora Davoutzi, but right then and there they suggested which way the wind would blow. It went against the Jews, never lose touch with the people. A movement from the heart of the masses, of course, why not use it? Beat the Jews and later we will get to be landowners. And now the unsuccessful pogroms in Edessa and Ekaterina Slav were most likely exaggerated by the Narodniks, and the movement of the pogromists along the railroads and participation of the

railroad workers in the pogroms. Everything points to the instigation of pogroms by easily mobile agitators, especially with that particularly inciting rumor that they are hiding the order of the czar, namely to beat the Jews for the murder of his father. The public prosecutor of Odessa of the Odessa Judicial Bureau thus emphasize that in perpetrating, the Jewish pogroms, the people were completely convinced of the legality of their actions, firmly believing in the existence of a Tsar's decree, allowing and even authorizing the destruction of Jewish property. And according to Gessen, the realization that had taken root in the people, that the Jews stood outside of the law, and that the authorities defending the Jews could not

come out against the people, had now taken effect. The Noradovsky wanted to use the law. He wanted to use this imaginary notion. Well, there is, I think we ended the last time in talking about how they were actual leftist groups in this era, the early years of the revolutionary movement in Russia, that saw the Jews, of course, as they were a highly privileged group of people, that if you believe in, you know, labor and socialism, well, they'd have to be the first ones to be disenfranchised. Now, we know how that turned out later, something that Bakunin and the anarchists used to make fun of Marx for. But just as interesting is a notion, and this comes up again and again in Russian history, that there was a decree, an anti-Jewish decree by the Tsar himself that authorized this kind of thing.

now of course the czar had been murdered but of course there was no there was no such entity the loyalty for the monarchy amongst the peasantry and the working plants was very very strong and that didn't go away I mean it was damaged by the war of course

there was also damaged by media manipulation there was no major censorship in Russia at the time, although there probably should have been. That's just one more article of naifte that we've been talking about from the very beginning.

But that aspect of the left disappeared pretty quickly. The Jews took it over. And I mean, remember, Karl Marx did write Uday and Fragha, the Jewish question, where he pretty much talks just like we would about it. A lot of Marxists don't like that. I think he repudiated it later on in one form or another, but Karl Marx, coming from that milieu, had no trust for the Jews.

I mean, he saw them as the basic, the buttress of capitalism, especially in speculative financial capitalism. But no one likes to talk about that anymore. and by this time, by 1881, it had been published, as part of his earlier writings. Marx was right, you know, it's almost 40 years almost after the 1848 movement. That's when the more popular manifesto came out. And so Karl Marx is the way.

one who struck this issue. This isn't going to be a lasting point of view of the of the left, but you still had some people reading that article, some people who saw, well, you know, if we're against the wealthy, wouldn't the Jews be part of that? And in a very short time, we know the answer is going to be no. A few such revolutionary leaflets are preserved for history. Such a leaflet from the 30th of August 1881 is signed by the executive committee of the Narodnya Volia and read straight away in Ukrainian. Quote, who sees the land, forest, and taverns, the Yid, from whom Musch, which is a peasant, do you have to ask for access to your land at times hiding tears from Yids?

Wherever you look, wherever you ask, the Yids are everywhere. The Yid insults people and cheats them, drinks their blood. And it concludes with the appeal. honest working people, free yourselves. And later in the newspaper, Naradnaya, Novelia, number six, all attention of the defending people is now concentrated hastily and passionately on the merchants, tavern keepers, and money lenders, in a word on the Jews, on this local bourgeoisie who avariciously rob working people like nowhere else.

And after, in a forward to a leaflet of the, Naradnaya Vojia, already in 1883, some corrections. Quote, the pogroms began as a nationwide movement, but not against the Jews as Jews, but against Yids, that is, exploiter peoples. And in the said leaflet, Zerno, the Cherno pera delsi, the working people, cannot withstand the Jewish robbery anymore. Wherever one goes, almost everywhere, he runs with the Jew Kula. It runs into the Jew Kulok.

The Jew owns the text. taverns and pubs. The Jew rents land from the landowners, and then re-rents it at three times higher to the peasant. He buys the wholesale yields of crops and engages in usury, and in the process charges such interest rates that the people outright call them Yiddish rates. This is our blood, said the peasants to the police officials who came to seize a Jewish property back from them, but the same correction is in Zerno, and far from all among the Jews are wealthy, not all of them are Kuloks, discard with the hostility towards differing peoples and differing fates, and unite with them against the common enemy, the Tsar, the police, the landowners,

and the capitalists. Yeah, I think, I guess it was Wednesday, we talked about the concept of, you know, even though this is a, to a great extent, a Jewish organization, talking about the Jews as a privileged class. But everything they're saying here is true, but you get them to the end. What you just read, apparently, you know,

well, it's not Jews as Jews. So I don't know why they're talking about Jews at all then. If it's just the capitalist and everything else. And, of course, czar and landowners tended to be opponents at the time, especially under much of Alexander II, and we're getting to the point now

where the landowners were the peasants the police we talked about as almost non-existent so I'm not sure what they're talking about but the only reason if your main enemy is the capitalist and you're talking about the Jews as exploiters and then you say well they're not really exploiters only some of them are well why bring them up at all the only possible reason

would be to try to grab the pogromist idea and then re-educate it to the left. They're trying to take this chaos and use it for their own and channel it for their own purposes. This is, to a great extent,

a Jewish organization, which makes, you know, people's will a very interesting name for it. But now you have the beginning of leftist terrorism, which has always been, especially in Russia, the providence of the Jews,

but bringing up the Jews as exploiters and then saying, well, they're not all exploiters, Well, then again, bringing it up in the first place doesn't make any sense unless you're trying to re-educate this pogromist idea and turn it leftward. Ready for huge savings? We'll mark your calendars from November 28 to 30th because the Liddle Newbridge Warehouse sale is back. We're talking thousands of your favorite Liddle items all reduced to clear. From home essentials to seasonal must-habs.

When the doors open, the deals go fast. Come see for yourself. The Lidl Newbridge Warehouse Sale, 28th to 30th of November. Lidl, more to value. You catch them in the corner of your eye. Distinctive, by design. They move you, even before you drive. The new Cooper plugin hybrid range.

For Mentor, Leon and Teramar. Now with flexible PCP finance and trade-in boosters of up to 2000 euro. Search Coopera and discover our latest offers. Supera. Design that moves. Finance provided by way of higher purchase agreement from Volkswagen Financial Services Ireland Limited. Subject to lending criteria. Terms and conditions apply. Volkswagen Financial Services Ireland Limited.

Trading as Cooper Financial Services is regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland. Great to see you back at Spegg Savers. Okay. Could you read out the letters on the wall for me? Yep. D-E-A-L-S? Yeah, D-E-A-L-L-S. Deals.

Oh, right. Yes. Our Black Friday deals are eye-catching, but the letter charts over here. Oh, sorry. At Spec Savers, we've got all sorts of unmissable Black Friday deals. Like up to 70 euro off one pair of designer glasses. Offer ends on 7th of December 2025. Conditions apply.

Ask in store for details. However, these corrections already came late. Such leaflets were later reproduced in Elizabethgrad and other cities in the south. And in the South Russian workers Soviet in Kiev, where the pogroms were already over. The Nerodnix tried to stir them up again in 1883, hoping to renew and through them to spread the Russian-wide revolution. Of course, the pogrom wave in the south was extensively covered in the contemporary press in the capital. In the reactionary Moscovici Vodomosti, M.N. Kotkov, who always defended the Jews, branded the pogroms as originating with malicious intriguers, who, in

intentionally darken the popular consciousness, forcing people to solve the Jewish question, albeit not by a path of thorough study, but with the help of raised fists. Should mention, Katkov tends to be thrown into the right wing of Russian opinion. But just like today, you have a big difference between civic nationalists and ethnic nationalists. Katko is one of the civic nationalists, pro-petrine. very urbanized, that kind of thing. I don't think he should be called reactionary. He was a royalist, and by some bizarre logical gymnastics,

came to the conclusion that Jews are an ally of the crown. The articles by prominent writers stand out. I.S. Aksikov, a steadfast opponent of complete civil liberty for the Jews, attempted to warn the government against two daring steps on this path as early as the end of the 1850s. Let me interrupt you right here. Sure. Aksakov, one of the leaders of the, well, in the same family anyway, is the Slavophiles is the opposite.

The Slavophile movement was the ethnic and religious part of the nationalist movement. Kakov was the opposite. when a law came out allowing Jews with higher degrees to be employed in the administration, he objected 1862, saying that the Jews are a bunch of people who completely reject Christian teachings, the Christian ideal, and code of morality, and therefore the entire foundation of Russian society, and practice a hostile and antagonistic faith. He was against political emancipation of the Jews, though he did not reject their equalization in purely civil rights, in order that the Jewish people could be provided completely. freedom in daily life, self-management, development, enlightenment, commerce, and even allowing them to reside in all of Russia. In 1867, he wrote that economically speaking we should talk not about emancipation for Jews, but rather about the emancipation of Russians from Jews. He noted the blank indifference of the liberal press to the conditions of peasants' life and their needs. And now, Exakoff explained the wave of pogroms in 1881 as a

manifestation of the popular anger against Jewish yoke over the Russian local people. That's why during the pogroms, there was an absence of theft, only the destruction of property, and a kind of simple-hearted conviction in the justness of their actions. And he repeated that it was worth putting the question, not about Jews enjoying equal rights with Christians, but about the equal rights of Christians with Jews, about abolishing factual inequality of the Russian population. in the face of the Jews. On the other hand, an article by M.E. Sautikov Schraden was full of indignation.

The history has never drawn on its pages a question more difficult, more devoid of humanity, and more torturous than the Jewish question. There is not a more inhumane and mad legend than that coming out of the dark ravines of the distant past, carrying the mask of disgrace, alienation, and hatred. whatever the Jew undertakes, he always remained stigmatized. Shreden did not deny that a significant contingent of moneylenders and exploitors of various kinds were enlisted from the Jews, but he asked, can we really place blame on the whole Jewish tribe on account of one type?

Yeah, you know, he, this was a very brief summary of three basic points of view of the Jewish question in the Russian Empire in late 19th century. The only difference over the next 20, 30 years is going to be the leftist, the Jewish takeover of the left, such that there's no mention of the Yid anymore. They're trying to make a distinction between Jews as a group of people in Yid, or a negative, you know, a term with negative connotation. Those are the exploiters. And that's, yeah, there's some truth to that, except it's very naive in the sense that the group is always going to come first. And that's why Jewish cohesion, even over money in many cases, cohesion is far more important.

And that is something we can learn. Definitely we can learn from that. Cohesion, numbers don't matter. Cohesion matters. So that's just a very brief summary of the basic points of view. People like Dostoevsky was in the Slavophile point of view in that regard. And because Dostovsky wrote at great length on the Jewish question in Russia. Examining the whole discussion of that time, a present-day Jewish author writes, quote,

the liberal and conditionally speaking progressive press was defending the thugs. And the pre-revolutionary Jewish encyclopedia comes to a similar conclusion. Quote, yet in the progressive circle, sympathies towards the woes of the Jewish people were not displayed sufficiently. They looked at this catastrophe from the viewpoint of the aggressor, presenting him as a destitute peasant, and completely ignoring the moral sufferings and material situation of the mob Jewish people. And even the radical patriot notes evaluated it thus. The people rose up against the Jews because, quote, they took upon themselves the role of pioneers of capitalism

because they live according to the new truth and confidently draw their own comfortable prosperity from the new source at the expense of the surrounding community. And therefore, it was necessary that the people be protected from the Jew and the Jew from the people, and for this, this condition of the peasants needs to be improved. So you're an elite Jew at the time. You notice right away that their ultimate nightmare is coming true. All segments of the politically literate population are against them. Their reasoning might be different.

But they had very few friends, because if you were a socialist, you know, Jews were a wealthy part of the community. you can't support them there. The right wing had a bunch of reasons, including that, to reject the Jewish infiltration in society. The church certainly did. Some people tried to play both sides off against each other. And this is why it was so central for the Jews to take over the left and run it right up to the Bolshevik Revolution, as we all know.

Ready for huge savings? We'll mark your calendars from November 28 to 30th, Because the Liddle Newbridge Warehouse Sale is back. We're talking thousands of your favourite Liddle items, all reduced to clear. From home essentials to seasonal must-habs, when the doors open, the deals go fast. Come see for yourself. The Liddle Newbridge Warehouse Sale, 28th to 30th of November. Liddle, more to value.

You catch them in the corner of your eye. Distinctive, by design, they move you, even before you drive. The new Cooper plugin hybrid range For Mentor, Leon and Terramar Now with flexible PCP finance and trade-in boosters of up to 2000 euro Search Coopera and discover our latest offers Coopera Design that moves

Finance provided by way of higher purchase agreement from Volkswagen Financial Services Ireland Limited Subject to lending criteria Terms and conditions apply Volkswagen Financial Services Ireland Limited Trading as Cooper Financial Services is regular by the Central Bank of Ireland. Great to see you back at Spex Savers.

Okay. Could you read out the letters on the wall for me? Yep. D-E-A-L-S? Yeah, D-E-A-L-S. Deals. Oh, right. Yes. Our Black Friday deals are eye-catching. But the letter charts over here. Oh, sorry.

At Spec Savers, we've got all sorts of unmissable Black Friday deals. Like up to 70 euro off one pair of designer glasses. Offer ends on 7th of December 2025. Conditions apply. Ask in store for details. In a letter from a Christian on the Jewish question published in the Jewish magazine, Rasmet, D. Mordovssev, a writer sympathetic to the Jews, pessimistically urged the Jews to emigrate to Palestine and America, seeing only in this solution to the Jewish question in Russia. Jewish social political journalism and the memoirs of this period expressed grievance because to print

publications against the Jews, both from the right and from the revolutionary left, followed immediately after the programs. Soon, and all the more energetically because of the programs, the government would strengthen restrictive measures against the Jews. It is necessary to take note of and understand this insult. It is necessary to thoroughly examine the position of the government. The general solutions to the problem were being sought in discussions in government and administrative spheres. In a report to His Majesty, N.P. Ignatiev,

the new Minister of Internal Affairs, outlined the scope of the problem for the entire previous reign. Recognizing the harm to the Christian population from the Jewish economic activity, their tribal exclusivity and religious fanaticism, in the last 20 years, the government has tried to blend the Jews

with the rest of the population, using a whole row of initiatives, and has almost made the Jews equal in rights with the native inhabitants. However, the present anti-Jewish movement incontrovertibly proves that despite all the efforts of the government, the relations between the Jews and the native population of these regions remained abnormal as in the past because of the economic issues. After the easing of civil restrictions, the Jews have not only seized commerce and trade, but they have acquired significant landed property.

Moreover, because of their cohesion and solidarity, they have, with few exceptions, directed all their efforts not toward the increase of the productive strength of the state, but primarily toward the exploitation of the poorest classes of the surrounding population. And now after we have crushed the disorders and defended the Jews from violence, it seems just and urgent to adopt no less energetic measures for the elimination of these abnormal conditions between the native inhabitants and the Jews and protect the population from the harmful activity of the Jews. I think everyone can agree that one of the weakest parts of the normie philosemitic point of view is the motives that they ascribe to people like us or the

pogromous. Now, that prejudice clearly didn't exist at the time. You know, they talk about all the expulsions, all the riots over the centuries, over the millennia, against Jews all over Europe. And they really don't have an answer. Why is it always them? Why is it just them? And why are the complaints identical in every case, no matter where you go, it's the exact same problem. There are a set of problems. And that's something that the regime can't handle.

They don't really have an answer to it. the most they you know the Frankfurt school tried to claim it was a mental illness you have you know most of the time it's just jealousy or blind hate or something like that at least this guy who's trying to be reasonable about the whole thing saying that no there's a reason that the Jews are singled out and he summarizes it brilliantly we could use this paragraph from Ignatio as as a summary of pretty much everything we've we've talked about thus far. And the fact that everything that the state has tried to do has failed.

Because ultimately it comes down to their wealth and their bitter hatred of the, especially the Russian Orthodox Gentile. Now he doesn't use, that doesn't say hatred, but that's pretty much what he's talking about. It, the, the ethnic group exists as a parasitic growth on Russian society. It's essentially an organized crime unit. And we seem to be totally helpless in the face of it and yet nothing has changed no matter what the government has tried to do and we've gone over this ad nauseum

in way too much detail we've gone over this and nothing has changed but he's assuming and correctly obviously that there's a reason why they're being targeted and now we're just getting into the very beginning of the riots against the Jews all over the empire

and clearly it's not just Russia but I think the weakest normie that part of their intellectual edifice defending the Jews, they don't have a ready explanation for why this stuff happens over and over and over again. Even in the most biol-Semitic country on earth, the U.S. and Britain today,

some of the blinders are starting to fall off given Israeli policy on Gaza. And that's a very weak part of their whole argument in Ignatio, again, trying to be reasonable, says there's good reason. They're not just burning down stores. And as we read in a couple of paragraphs ago, they're not just destroying thing.

It's not like a race riot. They have a very specific target and a very specific set of reasons for picking that target. And that's where they go. They're not just burning things down for the sake of burning them down. And that's the one concept

that their head will explode if you bring that up today. I was reading, I've done some reading on Jewish philosophers from back at the time that the Frankfurt School was being formed and the whole mental illness argument. The mental illness argument always seemed to me to be the most, the one that bothered me the most because if you honestly believe that it's a mental illness, then there's only two ways to deal with that. You either kill the people that you think are mentally ill or you

seek to come up with ways to sedate them. Yeah, yeah, drug them up, neutralize them, yeah. Yeah. Yeah, actually, specifically, I'm referring to the book, The Authoritarian Personality. Yeah, that's a disgusting. Yeah, which came, that was the mental illness argument there from the Frankfurt School. And in accordance with that, in November 1881,

the governmental commissions comprised of representatives of all social strata and groups, including Jewish, were established in 15 Gubernayas of the Jewish Pala settlement and also in the Karkoff Gubernaia. The commissions ought to examine the Jewish question and propose their ideas on its resolution. It was expected that the commissions will provide answers on many factual questions, such as, in general, which aspects of Jewish economic activity are most harmful for the way of life of the native population in the region. Which difficulties hinder the enforcement of laws regulating the purchase and rental of land, trade and spirits, and usury by Jews?

Which charges are necessary to eliminate evasion of these laws by Jews? Which legislative and administrative measures in general are necessary to negate the harmful influence of the Jews in various kinds of economic activity? the liberal Polanskaya inter-ministerial high commission established two years later for the revision of laws on the Jews noted that the harm from the Jews, their bad qualities and traits, were somewhat recognized a priori in the program that was given by the provincial commissioners, commissions. It's like deja vu. How many of these commissions are they going to have? All asking the same questions and ultimately coming up with this. same answers. It's like nothing happened before this. It's like they just discovered this question. The commission on the Jewish question, how many, there's been dozens so far. And nothing has changed from when the original Dershavan Commission answered the question. Nothing's changed since then.

That's almost 100 years old in the era that we're talking about here. Yeah, it's a mirror of the civil rights regime here. Yet many administrators in those commissions were pretty much liberal as they were brought up in the stormy epoch of Tsar Alexander II's reforms, and moreover, public delegates participated also. And Ignatyev's ministry received rather inconsistent answers. Several commissions were in favor of abolishing the Jewish Pailist settlement. Individual members of the commissions, and there were not few, declared that the only just solution to the Jewish question was a general repeal of all restrictions. On the other hand, the Vilnius Commission stated that because of mistakenly understood notion of universal human equality

wrongly applied to Judaism to the detriment of the native people, the Jews managed to seize economic supremacy that the Jewish law permits to profit from any weakness and gullibility of Gentile. Let the Jews renounce their seclusion. Let the Jews renounce their seclusion. and isolation, let them reveal the secrets of their social organization, allowing light where only darkness appeared to outsiders, and only then can one think about opening new spheres of activity to the Jews without fear that Jews wish to use the benefits of the nation, not being members of the nation, and not taking up themselves a share of the national burden. Basically, that's what D'Urjavans said, and Vilnius, the Baltics in Lithuania, is a heavily Jewish area.

This isn't coming from prejudice. It's people who live there, people who are a part of this. Dershavon said the exact same thing. With a group like the Jews, you can't talk about abstract rights, because nothing here is abstract. And you can't talk about, you know, shining light and darkness. I mean, we could talk about it. I mean, there's been plenty of Jewish converts, you know, Don Rosenberg, many others who have rejected all this, but they're, you know, fairly few. I mean, you know, we're supposed to be converting everybody.

but what you're asking here is that it do not be a Jew anymore. In other words, to convert. That's really the only option. And of course, force conversions are not conversions by definition. So the only thing we can do is talk like this. Of course, the other option, as we already heard, is expulsion to Palestine or America. Thank you very much. Regarding residents in the village in Hamlets,

the commissions found that necessary to restrict the rights of the Jews to forbid them to live there altogether or to make it conditional upon the agreement of the village communities. Some commissions recommended completely depriving the Jews of the right to possess real estate outside of those cities and small towns and others proposed establishing restrictions. The commission showed that the most unanimity in prohibiting any Jewish monopoly on alcohol sales and villages. The ministry gathered the opinions of the governors, and with rare exceptions, comments from the regional authorities were not favorable to the Jews to protect the Christian population from so haughty a tribe as to Jews, one can never expect the Jewish tribe to dedicate its talents to the benefit of the homeland. Talmudic morals do not place any obstacles before the Jews if it is a question of making money at the expense of someone outside the tribe. yet the Karkoff General Governor did not consider it possible to take restrictive measures against the whole Jewish population without distinguishing the lawful from the guilty.

He proposed to expand the right of movement for Jews and spread enlightenment among them. The good thing that we have going at this point is that Alexander III, my favorite of the modern czars, one of the greatest czars in Russian history, had taken over. and he wasn't going to put up with this anymore. Unfortunately, he died young, and his son, of course, is Nicholas II. This is also the rise as people I put up, but Honestiev, who educated, who are a part of the legal and the educational movement,

one of the more sane people in terms of the monarchy and its relationship to the Jews. But now you have people here talking about Talmudic morals. That wasn't the case, 80 years earlier. It's not like this is a, big secret. I mean, you have to go searching for it. But, you know, you're talking about, you know, Russian cities that are literate and, and I think the Talmud was still encoded at the time. But it's not like this was something that people didn't know. It was all over the place.

And everything that this guy says here, this commission says here, is absolutely correct. Although we've heard it a hundred times before up until this point. Ready for huge savings? We'll mark your calendars from November 28 to 30th. Because the Liddle Newbridge Warehouse Sale is back. We're talking thousands of your favourite Lidl items, all reduced to clear. From home essentials to seasonal must-habs, when the doors open, the deals go fast. Come see for yourself. The Liddle New Bridge Warehouse Sale, 28th to 30th of November.

Liddle, more to value. You catch them in the corner of your eye. Distinctive, by design, they move you. Even before you drive. The new Cooper plugin hybrid range For Mentor, Leon and Terramar Now with flexible PCP finance and trade-in boosters of up to 2000 euro Search Coopera and discover our latest offers

Coopera Design that moves Finance provided by way of higher purchase agreement from Volkswagen Financial Services Ireland Limited Subject to lending criteria Terms and conditions apply Volkswagen Financial Services Ireland Limited Trading as Cooper Financial Services is regular

by the Central Bank of Ireland. Discover five-star luxury at Trump-Dunbeg. Unwind in our luxurious spa. Savour sumptuous farm-fresh dining. Relax in our exquisite accommodations. Step outside and be captivated by the wild Atlantic surrounds. Your five-star getaway, where every detail is designed with you in mind.

Give the gift of a unique experience this Christmas with vouchers from Trump-Dunbeg. Search Trump-Ireland gift vouchers. Trump. That same autumn by Ignatioz initiative, a special committee on the Jews was established. The ninth by count already with three permanent members, two of them professors, with the task of analyzing the materials of the provincial commissions and in order to draft a legislative bill. The previous commission for the organization of the life of the Jews, that is the eighth committee on Jews,

which existed since 1872, was soon abolished. due to mismatch between its purpose and the present state of the Jewish question. The new committee proceeded with a conviction that the goal of integrating the Jews with the rest of the population, toward which the government had striven for the last 25 years, had turned out to be unobtainable. Therefore, the difficulty of resolving the complicated Jewish question compels us to turn for the instruction to the old times, when various novelties did not yet penetrate neither hours nor foreign legislations and did not bring with them the regrettable consequences which usually appear upon adoption of new things that are contrary to the national spirit of the country. From time immemorial, the Jews were considered aliens and should be considered as such. Guess and comments, the reactionary could not go further.

And if you were so concerned about the national foundations, then why you did, you did, didn't worry about genuine emancipation of the peasantry during the past 20 years. And it was also true that Zara Alexander II's emancipation of the peasants proceeded in a confused, unwholesome, and corrupt environment. However, in government cities, there were still people who did not consider it possible in general to change the policy of the preceding reign, and they were an important post and strong. And some ministers opposed Ignatio's proposals. Seeing resistance, he divided the proposed measures.

into fundamental for which passing in the regular way required moving through the government and the state council and provincial, which could by law be adopted through an accelerated and simplified process. To convince the rural population that the government protects them from the exploitation of the Jews, the permanent residents of Jews outside of their towns and Stettles, and the government was powerless to protect them from pogroms in the scattered villages, and buying and renting real estate there and also trading in spirits was prohibited. And regarding the Jews already living there, it granted to the rural communities the right to evict Jews from the villages based upon a verdict of the village meeting.

But other ministers, particularly the Minister of Finance, N.K.H. Bunj. And the Minister of Justice, D.N. Nabokov, did not let Ignatsev implement these measures. They rejected the bill, claiming that it was impossible to adopt such extensive prohibitive measures without debating them within the usual legislative process. So much for the boundless and malicious arbitrariness of the Russian autocracy. You know, it's things like this that brought me to specialize in this topic all those decades ago that your typical view of the Russian autocracy can't stand up to scrutiny when you read about processes like this.

Zars simply didn't put their stamp on it and it happened. No, I don't care if you're just a plain old dictator. You have to keep powerful groups happy. You're not going to last very long. But one of the great things of Alexander the Third is that he was one of the first to build an entire factory legislation for workers. Workers were extremely well treated in the Russian Empire, thank them. And Bunga actually was a big part of that. This is also the era where the peasants had full title to their land.

The peasant land bank was created. And peasants became, but whether it be communal or otherwise, fully attached to the land that they owned and that they could have in perpetuity. Not to mention legislation against compound interest and things like that. and not all of this was in the face of the Jews, but some of this certainly was. But you see here that this is not just an arbitrary autocracy. This is how, you know, it had a process thanks to Alexander II. That substantial legislation had to go through to become law.

But Alexander III was not the type to be patient like this. And my first book, The Third Rome, the whole argument of the thing, was that only a very powerful monarch or military leader or something like that was able to go over the heads of corrupted elites, elites that may be in bed with Jews or other powerful people, and impose as will. And that's why I always say every country has a choice, either the common good, which is military government or a monarchy, or some form of liberal democracy, which is essentially oligarchy. Alicanda the third was one of the proofs of that

and then he was able to create the tremendous amount of reform that was followed well I guess Germany was doing it at roughly the same time which shouldn't surprise anybody because there you have again a very strong monarchy and they were able to do it because they

had the power to go over the heads of the capitalist elite at the time so for the left to try to connect the czar with the capitalists No, they were opponents, and they remained opponents to the right to the end of the empire. Ignatsev's fundamental measures did not pass, and the provisional ones passed only in a greatly truncated form. Rejected were the provisions to evict the Jews already living in the villages to forbid their trade in alcohol or their renting and buying land in villages, and only because

of the fear that the pogroms might happen again around Easter of 1882, a temporary measure until passing of comprehensive legislation about the Jews was passed, which prohibited the Jews again henceforth to take residence and enter into ownership or make use of real estate property outside of their towns and stettles, that is in the villages, and also forbade them to trade on Sundays and Christian holidays. Concerning the Jewish ownership of local real estate, the government acted to suspend temporarily the completion of sales and purchase agreements and loans in the name of the Jews, the notarization of real estate rental agreements, and the proxy management and disposal of property by them.

This mere relic of Ignatiev's proposed measures was approved on the 3rd of May 1882 under the title of temporary regulations, known as the May regulations. And Ignatiev himself went into retirement after a month and his committee on the Jews ceased its brief existence and a new minister of internal affairs, Count D.A. Tolstoy issued a stern directive against possible new pogroms, placing full responsibility on the provincial authorities for the timely prevention of disorders. Thus, according to the temporary regulations of 1882, the Jews who had settled in rural regions before the 3rd of May were not evicted.

Their economic activity there was essentially unrestricted. Moreover, these regulations only applied to the gubernios of permanent Jewish settlement, not the Gubernayas of the Russian Interior, and these restrictions did not extend to doctors, attorneys, i.e. individuals with the right of universal residence according to educational requirement. These restrictions also did not affect any existing Jewish colonies engaged in agriculture, And there was still a considerable and later growing list of rural sediments, according to which, in exception to the temporary regulations, Jews were permitted to settle. I want to remind the listeners here that after Alexander II,

Russia at the local and county level was very democratic, in a good sense of the term, not the bad sense of the term. You keep referring to the peasant communes here. where most day-to-day laws had to go through. That was completely, that was, you know, democracy in the normal sense where you have, everyone has a voice and a vote, and rarely did anything get done without full humidity. Then at the Zemstvo level, the county level,

everything was elected. Usually it had an upper house and a lower house. Of course, the Cossacks and others on the fringes of the empire always had their own democratic systems. That's where the law was to be found regulations day to day And of course in the cities You had the Artel which is just the commune for

Urban workers Where you know the commune owned their tools And they took a chunk of The majority of what they What they earn every day And a lot of these were made firm And institutionalized even more by Alexander III where you couldn't mistreat workers or peasants anymore,

especially urban workers and factories. Russia is industrializing very quickly, something that's driving the British crazy. And we all know who was running Britain at the time. So Alexander III was trying to be reasonable. He realizes that if you're a Jewish doctor, generally speaking, or an engineer, you're not necessarily a parasite.

You're producing something. but there's a list of exceptions here that we've just read. But in general, the notion, the threat here in the Jewish mind was that democracy they couldn't handle it because no one liked them. So at the Zemstva level, at the urban level, at the peasant commune level, they were empowered to do what they needed to do to protect themselves. So to think that Russia was just this top-down autocracy is absurd. The opposite was true.

it's infinitely more democratic, again, in a good sense of the term, than the U.S. today. After issuance of the regulations, inquiries began flowing from the regions and Senate explanations were issued in response. For example, that journeys through rural regions, temporary stops, and even temporary stays of individuals without the right of permanent residents are not permitted by the law of the 3rd of May 1882, that only the rent of real estates and agrarian lands is prohibited, while rent of all other types of real estate properties such as distillation plants, buildings for trade and industry and living quarters is not prohibited. Also, the Senate deems permissible the notarization of lumbering agreements with the Jews,

even if the clearing of a forest was scheduled for a prolonged period, and even if the buyer of the forest was allowed use of the underbrush land, and finally that violations of the law of 3rd of May would not be subjected to criminal prosecution. It is necessary to recognize these Senate clarifications as mitigating, and in many respects good-natured. In the 1880s, the Senate wrestled with the arbitrary interpretation of the laws. However, the regulations forbidding the Jews to settle outside the towns and Stettles and or to own real estate, extremely restricted alcohol desolation business by Jews, as Jewish participation in disillation before the 3rd of May regulations was very significant. It was exactly this measure to restrict the Jews in the rural wine trade first proposed as early as 1804 that stirred universal indignation at the extraordinary severity of the May regulations, even though it was only implemented and incompletely at that in 1882.

The government stood before a difficult choice to expand the wine industry in the face of peasant proneness to drunkenness and thus to deepen the peasant poverty and to restrict the free growth of this trade. by letting the Jews already living in the villages to remain while stopping others from coming. And that choice, restriction, was deemed cruel. When they say wine, I don't know why they keep saying wine. Overwhelmingly, we're talking about vodka here, other than being alcoholic, they're not even closely related. But how many times has the tavern and the alcohol distillation trade come up? since we started this a hundred times.

Clearly this is one of the main complaints because alcohol was the way that the Jews manipulated the peasantry. You know, they were the ones who were promoting peasant drunkenness. There's nothing special about Russian genes that promotes. That's nonsense. Or Irish or anyone else for that matter. There's a reason that that happened. It was a weapon of the Jews.

And, of course, we've also spoken of what the taverns really were. where the Jews were promoting there. But because this is coming up over and over and over again, it shows that the government's really struggling to do something about it, and also shows that this is one of the main issues. And when there was contempt and hatred about the Jews, for the most part, it came down to the use of alcohol to manipulate peasants. Yet how many Jews lived in rural regions in 1882?

We have already come across post-revolutionary estimates from the state archives. One third of the entire Jewish population of the pale lived in villages. Another third lived in Stettles. 29% lived in mid-sized cities and 5% in the major cities. So the regulations now prevented the village third from further growth. Today, these May regulations are portrayed as a decisive and irrevocably repressive boundary of Russian history. A Jewish author writes, This was the first push toward emigration, first internal migration, then massive overseas migration.

The first cause of Jewish emigration was the Ignatsev temporary regulations, which violently threw around one million Jews out of the hamlets and villages and into the towns and stettles of the Jewish pale. Wait a second. How did they throw the Jews out and an entire million at that? Didn't they apparently only prevent new arrivals? No, no, it was already picked up and sent rolling, that from 1882 the Jews were not only forbidden to live in the villages everywhere, but in all the cities too, except in the 13 Guberneas, and that they were moved back to the Scheddels of the pale. That is why the mass emigration of the Jews from Russia began.

Well, set the record straight. The first time the idea about Jewish emigration from Russia to America voiced was as early as in 1869 at the Conference of the Alliance of the World Jewish Union, with the thought that the first two settled there with the help of the Alliance and local Jews would become a magnet for their Russian co-religionists. Moreover, the beginning of the emigration of Jews from Russia dates back to the mid-19th century and gained significant momentum after the pogroms of 1881. But only since the mid-1890s does emigration become a major phenomenon of Jewish economic life, assuming a massive scale. Note that it says economic life, not political life.

This is, in other words, what he's saying in here, this is the beginning of another form of Zionism, that is the movement to the real center of the Jewish world, which is the U.S. And of course, so-called pogroms, it's nonsense. They realized that a liberal democracy is easy to manipulate, which is why Britain and the U.S. were so central to this. Notice this is after the American Civil War. Everything was changing. Railroads, all this stuff was centralizing economic power. The trust came into existence really for the first time. This was a total magnet for Jewish power. I will say to this day that true Zionism and the Jewish mind is in New York rather than Tel Aviv.

From a global viewpoint, Jewish immigration into the United States in the 19th century was part of an enormous century-long and worldwide historical process. There were three successive ways of Jewish immigration to America. First, the Spanish-Portuguese, Sephardic wave, then the German wave from Germany and Austria-Hungary, and only then from Eastern Europe and Russia, the Ashkenazic. For reasons not addressed here, a major historical movement of Jewish emigration to the U.S. took place in the 19th century. and not only from Russia. In light of the very lengthy Jewish history, it is difficult to overestimate the significance of this emigration. You can say that again.

That's right. And from the Russian Empire, a river of Jewish emigration went all through the Gubranias that made up the Jewish Pala settlement, but Poland, Lithuania, and Baila Russia gave the greatest number of immigrants, meaning they did not come from Ukraine, which was just experiencing the pogroms. The reason for this was this emigration was the same throughout, overcrowding, which created intra-Jewish economic competition. Moreover, relying on Russian state statistics, v. Telnikov turns our attention to the last

two decades of the 19th century, just after the pogroms of 1881, 1882, comparing the resettlement of Jews from the Western Kray, where there were no pogroms to the southwest where there were. The latter was numerically not less and was possibly more than the Jewish departure out of Russia. In addition, in 1880, according to official data, 34,000 Jews lived in the internal Gubernaius, while 17 years later, according to the census of 1897, there were already 315,000, a ninefold increase.

Of course, to pogromat, of 1881, 1882 caused a shock, but was it really a shock for the whole of Ukraine? For example, Sliusburg writes, the 1881 programs did not alarm the Jews in Pulteva, and soon they forgot about them. In the 1880s in Paltava, the Jewish youth did not know about the existence of the Jewish question and in general did not feel isolated from the Russian youth. The pogroms of 1881 to 1882 in their complete suddenness could have seemed irrepeatable and the unchanging Jewish economic poll was prevailing. Go settle hither where less Jews live. Well, for one thing, intra-Jewish competition is out of the question. That's something that could

tear Judaism apart. That's part of the reason for the immigration, not just to the U.S., but but elsewhere as well. And as I've said before, I guess it was last time or two shows ago, that these pogroms weren't anywhere near what the Jews say. Most of the people who were killed were Russians, not Jews. The Jews overwhelmingly. And we'll, you know, I have a paper out on it. And I got my start on this question because of this very book.

Jews often were the instigators. as I've mentioned before Jews in you know the former Polish Empire now part of Russia were very well armed were extremely cohesive and

more more so than the Russians that they lived among so yeah they forgot about them they forgot about them because it wasn't that big of a deal but the Jewish press in Britain in America of course was already starting I have quotes from the American Jewish

press. This is roughly around the time where the 6 million number shows up and it's going to repeat over and over and over again long before World War I even. And it started here where 6 million Jews in Russian Ukraine are going to be killed

or imprisoned in the prison of nations or whatever the slogan was. The 6 million number because of the programs the way that they were interpreted in the U.S. or lied about in the U.S. is the first time you start hearing the 6 million figure. I don't know about other languages all the top of my head, but at least in English,

that number shows up now for the first time because of the so-called programs. I think this is a good place to stop and pick up on the next episode. Yeah, there's a slight change in the subject. Correct. Yeah. All right. As per usual, please check the show notes on this. I have hot links to where you can support Dr. Johnson's work. again, Dr. Johnson does this full time, and it's through your generosity that allows him to research these things and bring this information to us. And from what I'm hearing, people are thinking that this is going to be a series that is going to be studied for a very long time.

I've heard the same. I'm very pleased with that. Yeah. All right. Until the next episode. Thank you, Dr. Johnson. All right, my friend. Bye-bye.