The Pete Quiñones Show - Reading Solzhenitsyn's '200 Years Together' w/ Dr. Matthew Raphael Johnson - Part 24

Episode Date: April 5, 2025

55 MinutesPG-13Dr. Matthew Raphael Johnson is a researcher, writer, and former professor of history and political science, specializing in Russian history and political ideology.Pete and Dr. Johnson continue a project in which Pete reads Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn's '200 Years Together," and Dr' Johnson provides commentary.Dr Johnson's PatreonRusJournal.orgTHE ORTHODOX NATIONALISTDr. Johnson's Radio Albion PageDr. Johnson's Books on AmazonPete and Thomas777 'At the Movies'Support Pete on His WebsitePete's PatreonPete's SubstackPete's SubscribestarPete's GUMROADPete's VenmoPete's Buy Me a CoffeePete on FacebookPete on TwitterBecome a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/the-pete-quinones-show--6071361/support.

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This is 200 years together with Dr. Matthew Raphael Johnson. How are you doing, Dr. Johnson? I'm doing fine except for, you know, there's cat hair everywhere. You get one, you get one Turkish Angora, and that's it. White hair all over the place. My God. And the more your brusher, the more hair comes out, the more, I mean, it just never ends. It really, it doesn't seem logical, but it's everywhere.

Before we started this, I went to the curtains back there because they were separated, and it was our orange cat, and she was looking out. was broken. And then I looked and I'm like, I'm going to have to take those curtains down and clean them because she's just been leaning up against them. And yeah, I know the feeling. Yeah. She's a beautiful animal though. But, you know, she gets away with everything. Plus she can't hear. You know, so, you know, she could do what she wants. She sleeps better than any of us, all of us put together. I guess if you're deaf, yeah, you can do that. Life. She loves the vacuum cleaner. None of the other cats could figure it out.

All right, let's get going here. We left off on page 149, and this will finish up Chapter 6 today. The co-author of this collection, V.S. Mandel, remarks, Russian Marxism and its pure estate copied from the original German, was never a Russian national movement. And Jews in Russia, who were animated by a revolutionary spirit, for which nothing could be easier than assimilating a doctrine exhibited in books in German, were naturally led to take an important part in the work of transplanting this foreign fruit on Russian soil.

F.A. Stupon, Stepan, expressed it thus. The Jewish youth boldly discussed, quoting Marx and support, the question of the form in which the Russian Muzhik should possess the land. The Marxist revolution began in Russia with the Jewish youth inside the pale of settlement. developing this idea, V.S. Mandel recalls the protocols of the elders of Zion, this stupid and hateful falsity. Well, these Jews see in the delusions of the protocols the malicious intent of the anti-Semites to eradicate Judaism, but they themselves are ready, in varying degrees, to organize the world on new principles and believe that the revolution marks a step towards the establishment of the heavenly kingdom on earth, and a tribute to the Jewish people, for its greatest glory, the role of leader of the popular movements for freedom, equality, and justice.

A leader who, of course, does not hesitate to break down the existing political and social regime. And he gives us an example of quotation from the book of Fritz Khan, the Hebrews as a race and people of culture. Quoting, Moses, 1,250 years before Jesus Christ, proclaimed the rights of man. Christ paid with his life the preaching of communist manifestos in a capitalist state. Then in 1848, the star of Bethlehem rose for the second time, and it rose again above the roofs of Judea. Marx. Well, I'm going to let that last part just go, because it is so, it is so bizarrely stupid. but about the protocols.

I have an article I wrote years ago, and I haven't published it. My opinion is that the reason the Jews hate the protocols so much, and I can't blame them for this, is that it implies that their elders, their highest intellectual elites, would put out something that badly written. That's what I think their big issue is. It would be mine.

If you read Jewish political writings at the time, including about the future, you know, it is the total opposite of that. It doesn't even mention any of the major issues that were discussed at these congresses. But despite how crude it is, and obviously, you know, not real, it does, it does, you know, reveal a few things. Although, given what this is early 20th century, there weren't a whole lot of people, especially in Russia, who didn't already know

the basics that this document laid out. No one really needed the protocol. I have, you know, I put writings from the protocols up against actual Jewish writing at the time. Of course, there's no

there's no similarity or whatsoever but I want to okay I can't let that last two sentences go you notice they say Christ not Jesus they mentioned Jesus in the first part but not the second part where it's more important

this is just another way Fritikan is merely blaspheming one more time this way he knows what he's saying and he knows what he's saying and he knows how ridiculous it is. So Fritz Khan was not one of the elders of Zion. But at the same time, and I'm just wondering what the Solzhenitin family is going to do

when they put out their official version of this. Are they just going to leave this out? Are they going to rewrite it? Or are they going to have a million foot? notes and explain it all away or something like that. But regardless, you know, using phrases, when I analyze Moses Hess in a few other places, he uses phrases like, you know, heavenly kingdom. That's just a metaphor.

It has nothing to do with the spirit. It has nothing to do with heaven, maybe a kingdom. And the closest it comes to being accurate is for its greater glory. But to be that superficial to believe that. And this is being taught in a bunch of places that Moses rights of man. Commandments were a series of duties. Christ was no communist in the sense that any of us know what communism is. But at the time, the early 20th century, I think the plan, the revolutionary movement, that this was Jewish, I think this was well known.

I think their plan, people who knew who wanted to know, in public honesty, New, Nicholas II knew, Alexander the third new. The Jewish agenda, its connection to the revolutionary movement, the fact that it really wasn't a religious movement at all, I think that was well known to people who wanted to know. So any of these documents

like the protocols really weren't necessary. But I just have to put out, whoever wrote this thinks that this badly written book is actual the elites of Zion. It does make me laugh a little bit. Thus, of this common veneration for the revolution emerge and distinguish certain currents of opinion in Jewish society. All desperately unrealistic, childishly pretentious, thereby irresistibly aspiring to a troubled era, and not in Russia alone, but encompassing the whole century. With what casualness and what gravity at the same time, with what beautiful promises Marxism penetrates into the consciousness of cultivated Russia.

Finally, the revolution has found its scientific foundation with its cortege of infallible deductions and inevitable predictions. Among the young Marxists, there is Julius Sederbaum, Martoff, the future leader of the Mensheviks, who, together with his best friend Lenin, will first found the union for the struggle for the liberation of the working class, all of Russia, only he will not enjoy the same protections as Lenin, exiled in the war. merciful country of Minasin, he will have to serve his three years in the tough region of Turacan. It was he, too, who, together with Lenin, designed the Iskra and set up a whole network for its dissemination. Yeah, remember, your old-school Marxist, they claim to be scientists, not social scientists. This was science, because they were materialists and hence everything, including our thoughts.

are material or have a or derive directly from material things so this was inevitable point of a vanguard party is to move it along

a little bit in fact the rise of the party itself is inevitable but I don't know why you know all of Russia no working class in the socialist

way of thinking working class referred to the proletarians the proletariat um We already talked about why they were targeted. Most of Russia was agrarian. Most of Russia was either old believer, very strict Orthodox or Orthodox,

and in charge of the land. By now, landlords were history for the most part. I think by the time World War I started, the Russian peasantry owned 96% or 97% of the arable land, and 100% of it in northern and eastern Russia. And that no other country can match that. So they had no intention. Giving land to the peasants.

Well, isn't that private property? They're opposed to private property. They hurt them into the worst possible solution or collective farms. We're random groups of people. It's not a community. It's a collective. There's a big difference between those two. The collective is just random people thrown together.

A community is something natural and organic. Run by Jews who had no idea what a tractor was or how to use a horse to plow. The only hoe that they knew were in their in their taverns. This is why the agriculture and the Soviet Union was in such bad state. it never even came close to reaching the level that it reached under the dark, especially in this period of time. This was someone of a golden age in Russian history. Russia was doing extremely well, which is why the revolutionary movement needed a major war. Something that Rasputin said, if you enter this war, Nicholas, you'll never come out of it.

I don't know if Nicholas thought himself trapped or whatever, but they needed. a huge war and all that trauma to be able to create some kind of revolutionary, but without the war, they would have just been pranks in the universities. Air Grid, operator of Ireland's electricity grid

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It's simple to buy, easy to manage, and best of all, there are no extra fees or hidden catches. Visit OptionsCard.I.E. today. This Black Friday, game, stream and go full speed with one gig, Sky broadband, and watch unmissable shows like all her fault on Sky. These nice people killing you, John. And Ballad of a Small Player starring Colin Farrell on Netflix. I've made some mistakes, right, who hasn't?

Get One Gig Sky Broadband, Essential TV and Netflix. Netflix, all for just 44 euro a month for 12 months, our lowest ever price. Availability subject location, new customers only, 12-month minimum terms, standard pricing thereafter, TV and broadband sold separately, terms apply for more infooshees sky.a slash beads. But even before collaborating with Lenin to found the all-Russian Social Democrat Party, Martoff then exiled to Vilnius had set up the ideological and organizational foundations of a Jewish joint labor union for Lithuania, Poland, and Russia. Martoff's idea was that, from now on, propaganda within the masses should be favored as work within the circles, and for this, make it more specifically Jewish, and in particular, translated into Yiddish.

In his lecture, Martov described the principles of the new union. We expected everything from the movement of the Russian working class, and considered ourselves as an appendix of the pan-Russian workers movement. We had forgotten to maintain the link with the Jewish mass who does not know Russian. But at the same, time, without suspecting it, we hoisted the Jewish movement to a height unmatched by the Russians. Now is the time to free the Jewish movement from the mental oppression to which the bourgeoisie has subjected it, which is the lowest and lowest bourgeoisie in the world, to create a specifically Jewish workers' organization, which will serve as a guide and instructor for the Jewish proletariat. In the national character of the movement, Martov saw a victory over the bourgeoisie, and with

this, we are perfectly safe from nationalism. In the following year, Pekinov at the Congress of the International Socialists described the Jewish Social Democratic Movement as, quote, the vanguard of the working class army in Russia. It was later, it was the latter, which became the Bund, Vilnus 1997, six months before the creation of the Social Democrat Party of Russia. The next stage is the first Congress of the Russian Social Democratic Party, which takes place in Minsk, where the Central Committee of the Bunn was located in 1898. The Jewish Encyclopedia tells us that out of eight delegates, five were Jewish, the envoys of a Kiev newspaper, the Workers' Gazette, Eidlman, Fyodorchik, and of those of the Bun, Kramer, Muttnick, and Katz. Within the Central

Committee of the Party of three members, which was constituted at this Congress, entered A. Kramer, and B. Idleman. Thus was born the Socialist. Social Democratic Labor Party of Russia in a close relationship with the Bund. Let us add, even before the creation of Iskra, it was to Lenin that the direction of the newspaper of the Bund had been proposed. Keep in mind that the Social Democratic Labor Party that eventually became or split between the whites and the reg or the provisional state of Kerenjki or the Mensviks and the Bolsheviks, I should probably say.

it sounds very moderate the revolutionary Social Democratic Labor Party was the early name of the Bolshevik Party we just call it that as a because it's so much easier but we see it here

there's no doubt it was created by Jews who probably never came across a working man in their lives and couldn't talk to them even if they did the Jewish mass didn't speak didn't speak Russian.

I don't know how there could be any fellow feeling there whatsoever. You have to be very careful how they word things. You know, the Jewish bourgeoisie was not treated. I mean, it was. Judaism itself was the huge part of the bourgeoisie in Russia.

They, in fact, created the concept of the bourgeoisie, not just in Russia, but all over the world. They created that alienated, always on the move, you know, free trade ideology. Free trade, remember, and Karl Marx is absolutely essential because before you can say that the workers have no country, you have to break down those countries.

And the best way to do that is through free trade. This is one of the important reasons why capitalism has to come before, come before any kind of socialism. I do not believe. I don't think I'll ever believe. maybe there's a few outliers but that Russian proletariat were ever seen as anything more than cannon fodder

there couldn't be any fellow feeling between the two the only way there could be is if they thought that the Russian worker had been so durationated at this point they weren't Orthodox anymore and they're just ciphers maybe there could be something there but they barely spoke the same language

they had no connection in any way socially economically we know what class these people came from. But I like this one sentence and you paused when you read it. In the national character

of the movement, quoting Martov, saw a victory over the bourgeoisie, and with this, we are perfectly safe from nationalism. It's very odd. It's a national character, and yet we're safe from nationalism.

He isn't talking about Jewish nationalism there. It's Jewish cohesion. that's going to break down ethnicity around them. It's Jewish nationalism alone that will be the core of this movement because nationalism was

their biggest threat. I mean, the Orthodox Church, monarchy, Russian nationalism. By this point, essentially one thing, that was the fear. And to have this workers movement, you know, essentially, if they're speaking

in Yiddish, you know, it's a secret core. They couldn't really talk to anybody. The national character of the movement meant that over time, the Russian worker or the Russian citizen will become derationated enough, but they don't have to worry about it. They, of course, will remain nationalist no matter what. The fact that the boon was created in Vilnius is not surprising. Vilnius was the Lithuanian Jerusalem, a city inhabited by a whole cultivated Jewish elite, and through which transited in provenance of the West, all the illegal. literature heading to St. Petersburg and Moscow. But the Bund, despite its internationalist ideology,

became a factor of national unity of Jewish life, even though its leaders were guarded against nationalism as if it were the plague, like the Russian Social Democrats who succeeded in watching out for it until the end. While subsidies flowed from abroad consented by the wealthy Jewish milieu, the Bund advocated the principle that there is not a single Jewish person and rejected the idea of a universal Jewish nation, claiming on the contrary that there exist to its antagonist classes within the Jewish people. The boon feared that nationalistic dispositions might obscure the class consciousness of the proletariat. However, there was hardly any Jewish proletariat in the strict sense of the term. The Jews seldom entered factories, as F. Cohn explains,

they considered it disgraceful not to be their own master, albeit very modest, as an artisan or even an apprentice when one can nurture the hope of opening one's own workshop. To be hired in a factory was to lose allusions as to the possibility of becoming one's own master. And this is why working in a factory was a humiliation, a disgrace. Another obstacle was the reluctance of employers to hire workers whose day of rest was Saturday and not Sunday. As a result, the boom declared Jewish proletariat both the artisans and small traders and clerks, was not every employed worker or proletarian, according to Marx, and even commercial intermediaries. To all these individuals, the revolutionary spirit could be inculcated, and they had to be joined to

the struggle against the autocracy. The Bund even declared that the Jews are the best proletariat in the world. The Boone never renounced the idea of strengthening its work among Christian workers. Not suspected of sympathy for socialism, G. B. Slyosberg writes in this regard, that the enormous propaganda deployed by the Bund and some of its interventions have done harm and in particular an immediate damage to Jewish trade and their startup industries. The Boon was turning against the employing instructors, the very young apprentices, kids of 14 to 15 years old. Its members broke the tiles of more or less Jewish opulent houses.

In addition, on Yom Kippur, young people from the Boon went into the great synagogue, interrupted the prayer and started an incredible party with beer flowing, abundantly. Remember, this is reading from their propaganda. The left, both then and now, the way we understand the left, never provides its ideology openly. It's never done that.

It comes from the freemations. It comes from the nature of Judaism here in Russia. Because if they laid out everything that they were going to do, No one would, they'd be out of the country. So, you know, they talk about giving land to the peasants, giving the factory to the worker, this kind of thing. Now, I suppose some individuals may have thought that, but the elites that they've mentioned here never thought that.

You know, that wasn't going to happen. The party never once, as I said before, if the history of the Soviet Union, in the early or later part, did nothing to alleviate the cause of, of either the workers' peasants, in fact, made their life absolutely miserable in every possible way. And one of the reasons, which you just read, is that there weren't any Jewish proletarians. And it isn't just that working in a factory was, it was, well, it was humiliation because, you know, they're the aristocrats of the world. How dare you make this work?

This was, this was a part of being Jewish. I think that they had rejected any kind of Jewish nationalism or thought that Jews were, Jews were divided is, is nonsense. and for many of these men the way that they thought, not necessarily in their propaganda, so the very definition of the bourgeoisie, the owners of capital

was were actual Russians and Ukrainians, Christians. You know, it's like how Lenin defined the word you know, a capitalist. It was any farmer

who could own, who could rent out labor for a couple of days. That was it, which they almost all did. You know, you have wealthy Jewish elites in New York that were members somehow of the working class in his mind, but, you know, low-level priests and, and small landowners. They were, they were the capitalist. They completely redefined all of these things. They twisted every possible definition. They're not going to say that at first, but in terms of their policy, that's exactly what they did. The word I was looking for was Kulak. You know, the Kulak was, you know, it was a mockery. Turned out that Kulak was anyone, especially Christians who opposed the USSR. It didn't matter

what class they were in. Same thing goes for your higher level capitalist class. Yeah, I think these young Jews were irritated by their fathers and grandfathers. But what do they think their money came from? I mean, Karl Marx was no fan of the Jewish bourgeoisie either, which was Judaism. You didn't have Jewish workers. You got, no, you didn't have Jewish farmers. They were a more or less unified group stratified only by income and wealth that they possessed. Air Grid, operator of Ireland's electricity grid, is powering up the Northwest.

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Our lowest ever price. Availability subject location, new customers only, 12 month minimum terms, standard pricing thereafter, TV and broadband sold separately. Terms apply for more infoosies sky.a slash speeds. So twisting these definitions. When we read this stuff, remember, he's quoting propaganda leaflets and papers and things like that,

not actually what they were going to do, not their policy, and not what they really thought. But in spite of its class fanaticism, the Bund was increasingly based on a universal current, equally characteristic of bourgeois liberalism. It was increasingly understood in the cultivated world that the national idea plays an essential role in the awakening of self-consciousness in every man, which obliged the theoreticians of the proletarian circles themselves, to raise more broadly the national question. Thus, in the Bund, assimilationist tendencies were gradually supplanted by nationalist tendencies.

This Jabotinsky confirms, as it grows, the Bund replaces a national ideology with cosmopolitanism. Abram Amsterdam, one of the first important leaders of the Bund, who died prematurely, tried to reconcile the Marxist doctrine with the ideas of nationalism. In 1901, at a Congress of the Bund, one of the future leaders of the year 7th, Mark Lieber, M. I. Goldman, who was then a young man of 20, declared, so far we have been cosmopolitan believers. We must become national. Do not be afraid of the word. National does not mean nationalist. May we understand, even if it is 90 years late. And although the Congress has endorsed a resolution against the exultation of the national sentiment, which leads to chauvinism,

he also pronounced himself for the national autonomy of the Jews, regardless of the territory inhabited by them. Which is what we've said so far. Let them say whatever they want in public, especially when they're speaking in Russian or in English. Yes, Jews were different. Jews were separate. We may have disagreements, but we're not going to tell the going about that. you know, Jabatinsky, one of the most fanatical Jewish nationalists of the time that we've mentioned.

There was always this. Now, when Lenin took over, Lenin and Trotsky, they used nationalism, usually against, almost always against Russia, Stalin the same way. Russian nationalism is what they fear. They use Ukrainian nationalism against Russian. They use the Baltics, even Islamic. they promoted these forms of nationalism to control Russia. They did this all the time. In fact, Russia was just mercilessly exploited throughout the existence of the Soviet Union.

While they, of course, maintain their sense of self, you don't have to be religious to be a Jew. That wasn't even the issue. Jews all over the world were backers of the USSR, in the 30s, especially after World War II, matter what their religious beliefs were. Yeah, sovenism, that's exactly what being a Jew was. And it was very hard for them to speak in public without contradicting themselves. They can't just come out and say, we're aristocrats and you're not. So they had these kind of weird tension in their thinking,

also proclaiming for himself autonomy of the Jews, regardless of territory. In other words, they were this special pan-national group. It was cosmopolitanism for everyone else. else unless they needed them. This slogan of national autonomy, the boon developed it for a few years, both in its propaganda and its campaign of political banquets of 1904. Although nobody knew exactly what could mean autonomy without territory, thus every Jewish person was given the right to use only his own language in his dealings with the local

administration and the organs of the state. But how? For should not this right also be granted to the nationals of other nations? It should also be noted that in spite of its socialist tendencies to Bund in its Social Democrat program pronounced itself against the demand for the restoration of Poland and against constituent assemblies for the marches of Russia. Nationalism, yes, but for oneself alone. Thus, the Boond admitted only Jews in its midst, and once this orientation was taken and although it was radically anti-clerical, it did not accept the Jews who had denied their religion.

The parallel Russian social democratic organizations the Bund called them Christian, and moreover, how could they be represented differently? But what a cruel offense for Lenin to be so cataloged among the Christians? Yeah, I'm not 100% sure what he means there. And I'm not sure if he means denying the religion as a belief in God.

There couldn't be, because it's basically an atheist institution. it's Jews that weren't Jews anymore that had assimilated so much that they didn't identify with other Jews so I think the word religion there may be going a little far it's not just you know you know taken off your your hat

your fedora no it's it's it's these Jews who assimilated to the point that they weren't Jews anymore and hence didn't serve Jewish interests they were just ordinary citizens that was that was the problem and unless Lenin was more Jewish than we think

I'm not sure why he would be called the Christians and you see the contempt they have for that word. The Christian in their slang was anyone who when a Jew would leave the ethnic groups not identifying himself as a Jew

anymore, though he might as well be Christian. I think that's where this slang came from. Lennon did have Jewish background as we know but the thrust, the anti-religious thrust was mostly aimed at overwhelmingly at orthodoxy, especially Russian orthodoxy. The Bund thus embodies the attempt to defend Jewish interests, in particular against Russian interests. Here, too, Slausberg acknowledges the Bunn's action has resulted in a sense of dignity and awareness of the rights of Jewish workers. Subsequently, the Boone's relations with the Russian Social Democratic Party were not easy.

As with the Polish Socialist Party, which at the time of the birth of the Boond, had an extremely suspicious attitude towards it and declared that the isolationism of the Boon places it in an adversarial position in relation toward us. Given its increasingly nationalist tendencies, the Boon could only have conflicting relations with the other branches of Russian social democracy. Lenin thus describes the discussion he and Martoff had with Plekinoff in Geneva in September 1900. GV shows a phenomenal intolerance by declaring that the Bund in no way is in no way a social democratic organization, but that it is simply an exploiting organization that takes advantage of the Russians. He says that our aim is to drive this Bund out of the party,

that the Jews are all without exception, chauvinists and national, that the Russian party must be Russian and not turn itself inbound hand and foot to the tribe of God. G.V. has stuck to his positions without wanting to reconsider them, saying that we simply lack knowledge of the Jewish world that experience in dealing with it. From what ear Martov, the first initiator of the Bund, must have heard this diatribe? Yeah, this isn't Lenin talking. He's talking about a conversation he overheard between Martov and Pekonov. in Geneva. So what he's saying is that even within socialism,

Jews are exploiting those around them. And if they got rid of them, of course, as this guy says, there would be no revolutionary movement. It would be tiny. But even within socialism, they knew that there was a secret core that didn't speak Russian,

didn't speak any of the line, Polish, didn't speak German. speaking English out for itself. And of course, as we all know, the Bolshevik Party, when it took over, was overwhelmingly of this group of people. So,

now it's a little naive to think we could kick them out. They were the revolutionary movement, but it just shows, even within, you even had, you even had within the revolutionary movement itself, people were very suspicious, they're not working with us, and

maybe some of these men actually were, worried about what they thought a proletarian was, where of course we know damn well that you was not. Air Grid, operator of Ireland's electricity grid, is powering up the Northwest. We're planning to upgrade the electricity grid in your area and your input and local knowledge are vital in shaping these plans. Our consultation closes on the 25th of November.

Have your say, online or in person. So together, we can create a more reliable, sustainable electricity supply for your community. Find out more at airgrid.e.4 slash Northwest. Employers, rewarding your staff? Why choose between a shop voucher or a spend anywhere card when with options card you can have both? With options card, your team gets the best of both worlds.

They can spend with Ireland's favourite retailers or choose a spend anywhere card. It's simple to buy and easy to manage. There are no hidden fees, it's easy to use and totally flexible. They can even re-gift or donate to a good cause. Make your awards more rewarding. Visit OptionsCard.I.E. Today.

This Black Friday, gain stream and go full speed with one gig, Sky broadband. And watch unmissable shows like all her fault on Sky. These nice people killing you, John. And Ballad of a Small Player starring Colin Farrell on Netflix. I've made some mistakes. Right, who hasn't? Get One Gig Sky Broadband, Essential TV and Netflix, all for just 44 euro a month for 12 months. Our lowest ever. price. Availability subject location, new customers only, 12-month minimum terms,

standard pricing thereafter, TV and broadband sold separately, terms apply for more infoesies, sky. a slash beads. In 1898, the Boone, despite his greater seniority, agreed to join the Russian Social Democratic Party, but as a whole with full autonomy over Jewish affairs. It therefore agreed to be a member of the Russian Party, but on condition that it did not interfere in its affairs. Such was the agreement between them. However, at the beginning of 1902, the Boone considered that autonomy so easily obtained that the first Congress of the Social Democratic Party was no longer enough for it, and that it now wanted to join the party on a federal basis, benefiting of full independence, even in program matters. Regarding this, it published a pamphlet against the

ISCRA. The central argument, Lenin explains, was that the Jewish proletariat is a part of the Jewish people, which occupies a special place among the nations. At this stage, Lenin sees a is read and feels obliged to clash with the Bund himself. He no longer calls only to maintain pressure by avoiding a fragmentation of the party into several independent formations, but he embarks on a passionate argument to prove, following admittedly Kautzky, that Jews are by no means a nation. They have neither common language nor territory, a flatly materialistic judgment that Jews are one of the most authentic nations, the most united found on earth. United in it is in spirit. In his superficial and vulgar internationalism, Lenin could not understand the depth or historical roots of the Jewish question.

The idea of a separate Jewish people is politically reactionary. It justifies Jewish particularism, and all the more reactionary were Zionists to him. Lenin saw a solution for the Jews only in their total assimilation, which amounts to saying, in fact, to cease outright being Jewish. Keep in mind, you know, during the Civil War, you really had two factions. You had Lenin on the one side that took a lot of German money, which wasn't German, actually came from Jewish banks in the U.S. And then you had Trotky, who was working with people like Jacob Schiff. And if Lenin hadn't died so early in 25, the same split would have happened with him as what happened with Stalin. And Trotsky is one of these people who saw the Bund as something.

absolutely essential. But what Lennon is talking about here, it is superficial, but he was so fearful that the party being small cannot afford to be splitting up into groups, and he would say whatever was necessary

to keep that from happening. He was a little naive on this. What percentage Jew Lennon was? I mean, there's always debates on that for some reason, but that's what he's doing. Lenin is saying this because he's fearful of any split within his party because there aren't many of them. They have to maintain unity and he

wasn't going to let anything, ethnicity or otherwise, split it in pieces. And I think that was motivating him here. In the summer of 1903 at the second Congress of the Social Democratic Party of Russia in Brussels, out of 43 delegates, there were only five of the Bund. However, many Jews participated. And Martzoff, supported by 12 Jews, among them Trotsky, Deutsch, Martinov, Leadov, to name but a few, spoke on behalf of the party against the federal principle demanded by the Bund. The members of the Bund then left the Congress, which permitted Lenin's proposed statutes in paragraph 1 to prevail, and then also left the party after the split of the Social Democrat Party into Bolsheviks and Mensheviks. The leaders of the Mensheviks were

Axelrod, Deutsch, Martov, Lieber, Trotsky, as well as Dan Abramovich, Pekinoff remaining on the sidelines. And keep in mind, Trotsky is doing the same thing. you know, he had no problem with the Bund. He was very much aligned with it. But he agreed with Lenin at this point. No divisions. Divisions are impossible. Because this is, you know, at 1903,

Lazarism was at its height. It was popular. It was very successful economically. So this was the big worry. It didn't matter. So Lenin and Trotsky were of one mind in this regard. It had nothing to do with Trotsky's Jewishness. It's just that the revolution came first.

On the street of the Jews, as it was then called, the Bun quickly became a powerful and active organization. Until the eve of the events in 1905, the Boon was the most powerful social democratic organization in Russia, with a well-established apparatus, good discipline, united members, flexibility, and great experience conspiring. Nowhere else is there a discipline like in the Bun.

The bastion of the Bund was the nation. northwest region. However, formidable competition arose with the independent Jewish Workers Party, which was created in 1901, under the influence and the exhortations of Zubatov. It persuaded the Jewish workers and all who would listen that it was not the social democratic ideology that they needed but struggle against the bourgeoisie defending their economic interest to them. The government was interested in their success. They could act legally. Their authority would, their authority would a benevolent referee. The head of this movement was the daughter of a Miller, the intrepid Maria

Vilbushovich. The supporters of Zubatov enjoyed great success in Minsk with the Jewish workers. They were passionately opposed to the members of the Bund and obtained much by organizing economic strikes. They also acted, not without success, in Odessa. But just as throughout the country, the frightened government, foiled Zubatov's project, likewise with the independence. Sheevich was arrested in 1903, sentenced to a fairly short sentence, but then came the news of

the Kishinaev program and the independents had their hands tied. Meanwhile, the Bund was receiving help from foreign groups from Switzerland first and then from Paris, London, the United States, where action groups had reached sizable proportions. Organized clubs, Rotarian action groups, association of aid to the work of the Bund in Russia, this aid was mainly financial. From 1901, the Boond renounced economic terror lashing out on employers monitoring factories because it obscured the social democratic consciousness of the workers, and they pretended equally of condemning political terror. This did not prevent Gorschleckert, a cobbler who was a member of the Bund from shooting at the governor of Vilnius, and to be hanged for it. The young Mendel-Deutsch,

still a minor also fired Shatu's significance marked the apogee of the movement of the Jewish masses, and already the Boone was wondering if it should not go back to terror. In 1902, the Berdicev Conference endorsed a resolution on organized revenge. But a debate broke out in the Boond, in the following year, the Congress formally annulled the decision of the conference. According to Lenin, the Boond in 1903 went through terrorist temptations, which it then got over. It's not too common you hear about the independent Jewish Workers Party. It was fairly short-lived. And from what Cholson-Eason describes,

they seem to be just simply more Judaic that they could maintain their wealth. But the bourgeoisie was everyone else who had any kind of wealth. And I don't know what Jewish workers. He already had a problem. There weren't Jewish workers. They weren't Jewish workers in factories. So who were they talking about?

This was propaganda? Or are they calling these upper-class boys workers solely because they were members of a bond or the party or something? And Sultan Eastern seems to suggest that in getting rid of this small organization, that maybe that was a mistake. The state shouldn't have done that because that would have isolated Jews in a far greater way. And then, of course, the Ekishinev thing we'll get to a little bit later.

It's that came probably next week whenever it comes up again. But again, it's something that they desperately needed to create unity. The pogroms solved the problem. Lenin's problem. Jewish unity and the only really route that they had to get rid of the autocracy

was this revolutionary movement. No one else was advocating for and terrorism, economic or otherwise became a way of life. Terror, which had already manifested itself more than once in Russia, enjoyed a general indulgence, an indulgence which was in the air of the time, and which were the increasingly widespread custom of holding, just in case a firearm, as it was easy to obtain one via smuggling,

could not fail to arouse in the minds of the youth of the palest of the settlement, the idea of forming their own combat regiments. But the boon had active and dangerous competitors. Is it a historical coincidence or the time had simply come for the Jewish national consciousness to be reborn? In any case, it is in 1897 the year of the creation of the Bun, just a month prior, the first universal Congress of Zionism took place. And it was in the early 1900 that young Jews pioneered a new path, a public service path at the crossroads between Iskra and Benaimoisha, the sons of Moses. Some turning right, the other's heading left. In the programs of all our groupings, which appeared between 1904 and 1906, the national theme held its proper place.

We have seen that the socialist Bund had not cut it off, and it now only had to condemn Zionism all the more firmly in order to excite national sentiment to the detriment of class consciousness. It is true that the numbers of the Zionist circles among the youth gave way to the number of young people adhering to the revolutionary socialist parties, although there were counter-examined. as a publisher of the Jewish socialist La Pravda of Geneva, Gurevich, had reconverted to devote himself entirely to the issue of the Jews settlement in Palestine. The ditch dug between Zionism and the boon was gradually filled by such and such a new party, then another, then a third, Poli Zion, Zeri Zion, the Zionist socialists, I can't pronounce that word, each combining in its own way Zionism and socialism. I think to say that Zionism in this at this period of time and the various, especially, you know, explicitly Jewish socialist groups, superficialists say that they were opponents.

Their agenda could be the same, but why live amongst the Goyim when you don't have to? Goyim, of course, are there to be used, but then you had to deal with actual ethnic Russian revolutionaries, which there weren't many of them, where Ukrainians or, or Ukrainians, or, but, you don't have to. Baltic or whatever. And you have people, we already mentioned, who are suspicious of these purely Jewish groups speaking Yiddish within the Socialist Party and its various factions. They end up just taking them over for the most part. But Moses Hess was just probably the best known scholar, a writer who combined both. and this was pretty much the dominant idea amongst Jews now.

The only difference was location. Lennon, of course, had a problem with it for very obvious reasons, but it wasn't in his interest to alienate Jews, to say the least at this point in the revolution's history. Air Grid, operator of Ireland's electricity grid, is powering up the Northwest. We're planning to upgrade the electricity grid in your area and your input and local knowledge are vital in shaping these plans.

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Get the facts be drinkaware, visit drinkaware.com. It is understandable that between parties so close to one another, of fierce struggle developed, and this did not facilitate the task of the Bund. Nor did the emigration of the Jews from Russia into Israel, which gained momentum in those years. Why emigrate? What sense does this have when the Jewish proletariat must fight for socialism side by side with the working class of all countries, which would automatically solve the Jewish question everywhere?

The Jews have often been criticized in the course of history for the fact that many of them were usurers, bankers, merchants. Yes, the Jews formed a significant attachment, creator of the world of capital, and mainly in its financial forms. This, the great political economist Werner Sambart, described it with a vigorous and convincing pen. In the first years of the revolution, this circumstance was, on the contrary, attributed to the Jews, as an inevitable formation on the roads of socialism. And in one of his indictments in 1919, Keralenko found it necessary to emphasize that the Jewish people, since the Middle Ages had taken out of their ranks the holders of a new influence, that of capital.

They precipitated the dissolution of economic forms of another age. Yes, of course, the capitalist system in the economic and commercial field, the democratic system in the political field, they are largely indebted to the constructive contribution to the Jews, and these systems, in turn, are the most favorable to the development of Jewish life and culture. In other words, what Keralenko is saying is that Jews are in how. revolutionary, always seeking a new formation that suits their interests. That's why they precipitated the dissolution of economic forms of another age, specifically the Middle Ages,

which was, you know, the most Christian age of all of them. But the point is, they are inherently revolutionary, which was E. Michael Jones's, has been E. Michael Jones's thesis in his books on the question. So, yeah, they can make anything work. but we live in a state now where they have actually created the basic parameters of the software that we all run from. But, and this is an unfathomable historical enigma, these systems were not the only ones that the Jews favored. As ESMendell reminds us, if we refer to the Bible, we discover that the very idea of a monarchy was invented by no other people but the Hebrews and they transmitted it to the Christian world. The monarch is not chosen by the people. He is chosen by God, hence the right which the Christian peoples have inherited from the coronation and anointing of the kings. One might rectify by recalling that the pharaohs long ago were also anointed and also bearers of the divine will.

For his part, the former Russian revolutionary, A. Valt-Lessian, remembers, the Jews did not accord great importance to the revolutionary movement. They put all their hopes in the petitions addressed to St. Petersburg, or even in the bribe. paid to the officials of the ministries, but not in all the revolution. This kind of approach to the influential spheres received on the part of the impatient Jewish youth, the Soberka, known since the Middle Ages and now infamous as Chetland. Someone like G.B. Sliceberg, who worked for many years in the Senate and the Ministry of the Interior, and who patiently had to solve Jewish problems of a private nature, thought that this avenue was the safest with the richest future for the Jews, and he was ulcerated to note the impatience of these young people.

That's not mutually exclusive. It's not mutually exclusive. You could pay the bribes and think, oh, the revolutionary movement is very small. It's Jewish, but it's very small. We can't count on it. And this is prior to World War I. That changed everything. This is just making do with where you are. Of course, they were wealthy. A revolution would mean that they would be more powerful. But at this period of time, we're in 1903, something before, the revolutionary movement was tiny, it was marginal, and wealthy Jews are not going to, before the war anyway, bet anything on this group of fanatics who went around killing people.

That's all he's saying here, is they're not mutually exclusive options. Yes, it was perfectly unreasonable on the part of the, the Jews to join the revolutionary movement, which had ruined the course of normal life in Russia, and consequently, that of the Jews of Russia. Yet in the destruction of the monarchy and in the destruction of the bourgeois order, as sometime before in the reinforcement of it, the Jews found themselves in the vanguard, such as the innate mobility of the Jewish character, its extreme sensitivity to social trends, and the advancement of the future. It will not be the first time in the history of mankind that the most natural impulses a man will suddenly lead to monstrosities most contrary

to their nature. That ends with a punch in the face, doesn't it? It does. It does. Tolzaneezeneson seems to think, you know, he's connecting the Ashkenazim and Russia with the Jews of the Old Testament. Maybe that's why he uses the word Hebrew, that he knows that they're two totally separate groups of people. But at the very least, their public pronouncement then and now is that, you know, we are the ancient nation. Of course, we know that that's not true. You know, the monarchy was created by a very different group of people.

And when I read, actually, actually within the Talmud itself, those painful weeks when I, you know, went through it, yes, they condemn so many figures in in the Old Testament, especially the prophets. The monarchy was created by a very different, both religious and ethnic group of people in the ancient world that has pretty much nothing to do with the people who are creating this revolution.

Sultan Eastern seems to be on the fence here, but when you're talking about the Old Testament, modern jewelry, they have nothing in common. Well, we are finished with this chapter and I believe the next chapter, and if you're watching this, look at all the footnotes in here, this is incredible. Over 123 footnotes for that chapter alone. Chapter 7, the birth of Zionism. And in the first, Jabotinsky is mentioned in the first paragraph. Yeah.

A different kind of revolutionary movement in this case. Yeah. All right. Well, I get, like I end every episode, please check the show notes and the links. I have links to Dr. Johnson's Patreon to his personal page. And I have Radio Albi on there. I have the Orthodox Nationalists there. I think in all of those places you can donate to his work. So please go and do that because, um, This is coming together brilliantly, and let's make sure that Dr. Johnson stays unemployed so that he can keep studying and keep us moving forward in this and bring out this text like no other. I think I've said this before. I've been contacted by people who've read the text before, and they say that what you're bringing to it is absolutely invaluable. and some of them have said it need. It should be added to the text. Yeah, one huge footnote.

Yeah. Like I mentioned before, I'm dying to see what the Solst in the family was going to put out this book in English, what they're going to do to it. I sent you the announcement. They condemn conspiracy theories and stuff like that. I'm very anxious to see what they do to the text, how they get around all of them. this stuff. Because, you know, it's going to be published on a, you know, a Jewish publication and everything else.

I'm dying to see how they mutilate Solzhenitsyn. All right, Dr. Johnson. Until episode 25. Thank you. All right, my friend. Bye-bye.