The Peter Zeihan Podcast Series - The Collapse of Russia's Navy: The Four Seas Problem || Peter Zeihan

Episode Date: November 13, 2023

Naval challenges are nothing new for the former Soviets, but the Ukraine War has introduced some added stressors in the Black Sea. Russia's inability to unify its naval presence across the four major seas in the region is a bad sign for Putin.Full Newsletter: https://mailchi.mp/zeihan/the-collapse-of-russias-navy-the-four-seas-problem

Hey everybody, Peter Zion here, coming to you from Colorado, where we just had our first big snowstorm, 9 inches in counting. Today, considering the weather, I figured it was a great time to talk about what the Russians call the four seas problem. Most countries who have navies that are worthy of the name have a relatively limited frontage, or it's insulated from all their land power neighbors, and that allows them to float a navy that can ensail whenever they need it. In the case of some countries like the United States, we have two big ocean fronts, a big chunk of land in between. And so it was an imperative early in the American Republic around 1900 to build the Panama Canal so that ships could go back and forth. And you combine your two navies into a single one for a mailed fist. To a degree, the French have to do the same thing, but they can't do a canal. They have to sail around the Iberian Peninsula.

And that means that countries like the United Kingdom or Japan, being island nations, are always going to do fairly well in the water. not only because they don't have land borders to defend, but it's easy for them to combine all of their navies into a single force when they need it. The Russians have never had this option. Russians are obviously heir to physically the largest country on Earth and largest country in history, but they're not able to combine their naval forces, so they have four seas.

The Pacific, the Arctic, the Baltic, and the Black. And because of that, other countries that have found themselves fighting with the Russians have often been able to defeat the Russians in detail, with the Japanese being the quintessential example. In the Russo-Soviet War of 1904, 1905, the Japanese decided that the Russian territories in China were ones that they wanted. So they sailed over there and smashed the Navy, and the Russians spent the next almost year, six months to a year, yeah, sailing the rest of their names. from the European theater all the way around Asia until they could get there to try to take their territories back, and the Japanese destroyed all that too. So in two battles less than a year apart, the Russians lost everything because they couldn't combine their forces into a more capable force. That's even before you considered the Russians have tended to be a technological

laggard on all things naval. We're seeing some version of the four-sease problems today. The Ukraine conflict is obviously happening on the shores of the Black Sleet, one of those four bodies of water, and the Russians reinforced the Black Sea fleet in the days and weeks leading up to the war so they'd have more punch. But now that Western weapons have made their way into Ukrainian hands, combined with some very clever garage projects by the Ukrainians, the Ukrainians have been able to sink the majority of the major surface combatants, including the flagship. and what is left of the Russian Navy, if it was going to dock in Crimea,

which was originally the Russian naval base, going back to the Crimean, or sorry, going back to the Tsars Times, they're all in range of Ukrainian weapons. And so the Russians have had to basically close down their naval base and their primary shipyards and move everything further east to the other major port they have, which is Novorasease,

which doesn't have the dry docks, doesn't have the service capabilities, doesn't have the ability to build ships. Other problems are that the Russian activities in Ukraine have prompted Sweden and Finland to join NATO.

Now Sweden and Finland control the majority of the sea frontage on the Baltic Sea with the second largest chunk of territory in the Baltic Sea controlled by countries that were already in NATO. And so now that Finland is in and Sweden's going to be in in a matter of weeks,

the Russians will basically have this tiny little chunk of territory in a place called Kalinigrad, and the frontage that's in the general vicinity of St. Petersburg, and that's it, so less than 5% of the frontage. And in order to get out to the open sea, they have to sail by, let's see, one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, uh, nine, that's called nine, natal countries, and then you're in the North Sea, which is also in Ato Lake. So basically everything that's in the Baltic Sea now is written off. It's a loss. And that just leaves the fleets that are in the Arctic Ocean, which have been depleted, as they sent ships onto the Black Sea and then off in the Pacific, which are way off by themselves.

So no matter how the Ukraine war goes at this point, Russia has functionally ceased to be a naval power at all. The question is whether Ego will allow them to accept that fact. And honestly, the more money that the Eccrusians throw at naval projects that they're not very good at, in order to base them at bases that they can't defend and that can't reinforce one another, I think the better, because every ruble that they use for that is a ruble that is not being used to build a tank or kill a Ukrainian. So, you know, I say bring it

on. Uh, anyway, what this means is we're looking at this entire space, seeing a change in military statistics and military strategy because the Russians today are one of the countries

on the planet that is most dependent upon naval shipments for their economy. Russian industry is not all that, and they depend upon those oceans for getting their oil and their liquefied natural gas and their aluminum and on and on and on to market. And they've now found themselves as a position where they are utterly incapable of projecting power on the seas in a local basis, much less a regional or a national one. And so if when the United States and Europe decide that it's time to really shut down the Russian economy, they're going to be able

do it at sea with ease in a matter of days. So we're only in the early stages of this war, not simply from a military point of view, but from an economic point of view too. And it's time to start preparing for what comes next, and that is a world without any Russian commodity exports. Okay, it's starting to get cold. Okay, I think that's it for me. See you guys next time.