The Peter Zeihan Podcast Series - Ukraine War: Russia Targets Grain and Power Grid || Peter Zeihan

Episode Date: September 29, 2023

As of September, Putin has sufficiently disrupted Ukraine's grain exports and overall agricultural sector. Meanwhile, the Russians were bolstering their wheat exports, so global supply has held steady, and prices are still down.Full Newsletter: https://mailchi.mp/zeihan/ukraine-war-russia-targets-grain-and-power-grid

Hey everybody, Peter Zine here coming to you from Colorado. Today, the topic is going to be the next phase of the war in Ukraine from an economic point of view. For those of you, have been watching for a while. You know that last winter, the Russians went out of their way to hit the power grid in Ukraine wherever and whenever they could, because that was the way they could generate the most casualties and have the most political impact on decisions in Kiev.

And then in about May, once it had warmed up enough that you didn't necessarily need heating in Ukraine, They switch targets to the agricultural supply chain system with a very, very heavy emphasis on the infrastructure that collects and especially exports the grain. Take it out, things like grain silos and ports first in places like Odessa and then later moving on to the Danube River Delta, which is where the Ukrainians and tried to get the stuff out. In this, the Ukrainians have kind of faced a triple bind. Number one, they import most of the materials that are necessary like fertilizer in order to grow crops in the first place. Number two, there isn't a lot of storage in Ukraine that was available because of last year's effort in the war.

Most of the storage was full completely. So the Ukrainians were focusing and getting that out so they could make room for this year's harvest. And in some degrees, there has been failure there and the stuff has nowhere to go because, number three, almost 80% of this, maybe even a little bit more, goes out by water primarily through the Odessa region. And with that kind of offline, the only other option is to rail it out. and that means you have limited number of rail cars, you have to ship it through other countries

that are already grain exporters like Bulgaria, Romania, and Poland, who don't like the idea of that stuff being dumped on their market. So most of them have barred Ukraine from having terminal arrivals for their grain and you have to keep on going. So for every kilometer you have to go further,

that's a kilometer that that rail car has to be committed. So all at all, you're talking about over an 80%, nearly a 90% reduction in Ukraine's ability to get the stuff out. And now that a lot of these ports on the Danube have been damaged, there's just no place to put the stuff from this year's harvest. So from the Russian point of view, mission accomplished, and now they're switching targets. This past week, the week of the 18th of September, they've started switching targets again because we're now getting into fall, and they're going after the power grid again. And over the course of the next month, I would expect that general shift to be almost complete.

they've destroyed the Ukrainians' ability to play in international grain markets in any meaningful way and now they're going to go after the power grid to cause mass casualties again. So definitely the Russians absolutely won this round. The only way that the rest of the world might be able to help is to massively, massively expand the rail connections between Ukraine and their neighbors and then the next line of countries beyond. It's not enough just to get the stuff to say Poland or Romania.

You've got to get it onto the water, and that means you also build out the lifting infrastructure for transferring something from rail onto a ship because these are countries. We're already grain exporters. That stuff has already used to capacity. You basically need to double the entire thing. Normally, you would expect something like this

to be really bad for grain prices, or good, I guess, depends on your point of view. Send them up. But miracle of miracles, the Russians have had a bumper harvest. So they have increased their wheat exports by over a third. And that by itself is nearly enough to compensate for all the Ukrainian grain that has left the market. So wheat prices are actually down. Now, I am not a grain trader, and I'm not trying to give you anybody price recommendations.

But just a couple things to keep in mind. Number one, the Russian climate is incredibly erratic. And so just because they had a bumper crop this year doesn't mean they're going to have a bumper crop next year. Keep that in mind. Number two, the Russians have said, that any vessel, civilian vessels, anywhere in the Black Sea going anywhere near a Ukrainian coast, they reserve the right to attack. The Ukrainians are trying to convince people to come anyway, and they've had very, very, very limited success, but that war risk is always there.

And for their part, the Ukrainians have said and have demonstrated that they can strike Russian ports as far away as Novosysk, which is their major green loading facility for the Russians. Now, they have not gone after civilian vessels yet, but again, there's still the possibility that we're going to have a widespread war on the water, in which case all civilian shipping in the north-eastern half of the sea is in a degree of risk. So for the moment, there's enough grain out there. I'd not get used to it, but at the moment, that's where we are. Okay, talk to you later.