The Pour Over Today - TPO Explains: Greenland 101

Episode Date: January 24, 2026

Readers of The Pour Over pick a topic to have explained, and Jason and Kathleen have to get Joe to understand it in less than 30 minutes… This week, they’re explaining Greenland. Looking to support us? You can choose to pay⁠⁠ ⁠⁠⁠⁠here⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Check out our sponsors! We actually use and enjoy every single one. ⁠⁠Cru⁠⁠ ⁠⁠Wild Alaskan⁠⁠ ⁠⁠Safe House Project⁠⁠ ⁠⁠Gloo⁠⁠ ⁠⁠QAVA⁠⁠ ⁠⁠CCCU⁠⁠ ⁠⁠Filament Bible⁠⁠ ⁠⁠Upside⁠⁠ ⁠⁠Mosh⁠⁠ ⁠⁠LMNT⁠⁠ ⁠⁠Theology in the Raw⁠⁠ ⁠⁠Not Just Sunday Podcast⁠⁠ ⁠⁠Bible Gateway Plus⁠⁠ ⁠The Pour Over Corrections Page

Today's episode is brought to you by our lead sponsor, Crew. All right, folks, I'm very excited about today's episode. Jason and Kathleen walk me through all things Greenland. Yeah, does Denmark own Greenland? Why does President Trump want Greenland so badly? I was really curious. Can the U.S. buy Greenland? Or could the U.S. just take Greenland?

Would Greenland become a state or a territory? Why does Greenland matter strategically in the Arctic? And what should Christians think about this and how should we respond? Let's dive in. Today, the day that we're recording is Nicole's birthday. And Nicole has a twin, Sam, who has helped build our app, which is to anyone listening. You can go check it out, but it needs some TLC. But Sam has done an incredible job.

Oh, no, it's good. Well, it's good, but like there's upgrades coming is what I'm saying. But Nicole and Sam, big pranksters. And so we today, we threw a big birthday party for Sam and just did not mention Nicole at all. Just Sam. So we invited Sam in for lunch. We let her pick the restaurant. Everyone like ordered the same thing as her.

Sam's been in the office like once. Nicole works for us, you know. and it was great. It was great. Nicole handled it very well and was laughing. Jason, would you say the culture in the office, are there a lot of like pranks going on? Are there rivalries between team members at the TPO office?

I mean, the pranks, Nicole, when we interviewed Nicole, she seemed so professional. And we hired her, even though we didn't have a position And we hired someone else for the position she was interviewing, but we're like, we got to hire Nicole because we're all going to work for her one day. And this is just like a cool opportunity for her to get to help the pour over. And she, as she became more comfortable, her true nature came out, which is that of a complete just. And the story she has, she's in these like years long prank war, prank wars with people where they, they release like crickets into her house. and she mailed them, like, an urn with, like, forged a certificate of authenticity or something

and mailed them this urn, and then they're, like, freaking out trying to figure out how to get back. It's like, these are intense pranks. And she's the one who, like, Jim did to Dwight. She wrapped my entire desk. And she said she just woke up, like, in the middle of the night. It was like 445, and she had the idea. And she's like, well, better go do it now and just went to the office and wrapped everything. So the culture of pranking is Nicole.

And so we got we got her back a little bit by celebrating a throwing a birthday party for her twin. All right, Joe. What are we talking about today? All right. Today's topic, you've seen it in the news multiple times. I've been reading it during the podcast episodes. we are focusing on Greenland. That's right, Joe.

What is a Greenland? What is a Greenland? It's not Iceland. It is not Iceland. For those who grew up and watched Mighty Ducks, the movie series, I think they mentioned in that series that there is kind of a confusing switcheroo where Iceland is actually really green

and Greenland is very icy. So that's what Greenland is. That's my education. My background knowledge. So Greenland's the icy one. Yes. Yes. Greenland's the icy one.

So Greenland's the icy one. It is a self-governing territory that is part of the kingdom of Denmark. And it is very big. So it is 836,000 square miles, which is roughly 25% bigger than Alaska. And it's like a quarter of the size of the. Lower 48 states. And in all that land, there are 56,000 people, 56,000 Greenlanders, which, again, some context. Let's see, there are 655 cities in the United States with a population larger than the entire territory.

It's not a country. How do we refer to this? Island, island of Greenland, and including Iowa City. Iowa City has 75,000 people, so Greenland, very big with a very tiny population. Wow. Wait, you wouldn't call Greenland a country? I don't think they... No, because they're part of Denmark.

Denmark's a country, and then they're a territory within... I don't know. I mean, you wouldn't call... Would you call Puerto Rico a country? No, they're a U.S. territory. I don't... Right? This is contentious.

I don't know. I think I would call it. It's a flag. I guess so does every state. I mean, yeah. So it's Iowa. Yeah. Okay, a little bit more about the population.

So 90% of the population is Inuit, which is the people's indigenous to the Arctic region. And it is one of the few places on earth with an indigenous majority population. So most places, the indigenous group is a small minority, not. in Greenland. Greenland, no one wants to go to Greenland because it's all ice, and so they are an indigenous majority. And that, so like, Inuit languages are widely spoken, cultural traditions around food and hunting practices shape everyday life. And there's a high priority in Greenlandic culture around preserving the culture, stewarding the land and the environment. And we'll see how some of that plays into some of the politics that are playing out today.

Hey, real quick. Athleen. Oh, yeah. Inuit, the people that are Inuit, do not only originate from Greenland. Like they are more in that upper hemisphere. Yes, the top of the map. Yeah, the white top of the map. Yeah, no, I, man, we'll get fact checked, but I believe people who are native to

Alaska and Canada are also Inuit. I did look into this. I mean, like just a little bit, but it basically says indigenous cultures migrated from North America and were the ancestors for today's Inuit. But I think Alaska is, there are like two different like indigenous peoples that make up Alaska. We could fact check it. Yeah. We'll fact check it, but I'm pretty sure. Okay.

Here. Oh, good. This might be fun for you. We'll throw this picture up for those watching on YouTube. Here is Greenland. When you were saying a quarter of the lower 48, the way I was trying to picture that really made my brain hurt. So this is very helpful. Yeah, it takes out.

You could you could fit four in the United States, the lower 48 states. And it's weird, you know, because every map you see gets stretched towards the poles. And so when you actually move Greenland. it looks bigger on a map, but when you move it, it's still quite massive. But this is what it looks like compared to the U.S. That's a helpful comparison of the proportion. Yeah, that's helpful. Okay, you mentioned the relationship.

Sorry to the circle back. There are Inuit in Alaska. See? But they're given specific names by where in Alaska. Oh, okay. Okay. The, just the broader Inuit cultural family stretches across Greenland, northern Canada, in Alaska so now you know.

Thanks for that quick fact check, Kathleen. Okay, when you started to explain, you know, you're going back and forth on is it a country, is it a territory of Denmark? So has Denmark been over Greenland since as far back as we know? Has that been the case? At least since the, let's see, I think 1800. somewhere in the 1800s? Yeah, I saw.

So in 1700, Greenland was colonized by the kingdom of Denmark, Norway, which I did not realize was it later in 1814, Denmark and Norway split. And I looked up, I was like, well, what was the name when they were together? And it was Denmark, Norway. So it was a nice, nice, clean split in terms of the names. And Greenland went with Denmark. And then, so that was in 1814. And then in 1979, Greenland gained, there was an act passed called the Home Rule Act, where Denmark expressly like delegated more self-governing authority.

And then in 2009, the Self-Governance Act came. And that is where Greenland is now like fully a self-governing territory. Greenland owns its natural resources, which is, was a big part of that. It also controls its own courts and policing. And the 2009 self-governing act explicitly gives Greenland the right to declare independence. And Denmark cannot veto the decision. So right now, Denmark retains control over foreign policy, defense, and monetary policy. But pretty much everything else is Greenland runs Greenland.

Yeah, I think Denmark gives like subsidies for those things to Greenland. Like that's part of their influence. Yeah. And I think that's why they are like that's a big part of why Greenland hasn't declared independence. Over half of Greenland's annual budget or government budget is just subsidies given by Denmark. And so that's part of with the natural resources is now that they own that. the natural resources. There's a clear path towards, hey, we could grow the economy enough to collect enough taxes to do this on our own. But it's also hard to imagine a country of 56,000

people like having an army and just all the things that are needed when you are a standalone country. But yeah, so that's the relationship now. Hey, it's Emily from the pourover. The holidays are in the rearview mirror, but my bank account is still recovering from all the gifts, travel, and we'll just grab takeout moments. If you're starting fresh this year and want a habit that actually sticks, try upside. It's a free app that gives you real cashback on things you're already doing, like filling up the gas tank or grabbing dinner out. I even earn cashback on my family's Friday pizza nights. Just open the app, find nearby offers, claim one, pay like normal, and boom, cash back in your pocket.

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I had no idea. It's just a big island of ice and there's like one city and then some people live in at other spots on the ice as far as I can. tell. I mean, this is, it is very sparsely populated. Okay. First of all, there are at least three cities because I asked what are the top three cities in Greenland. And the capital has, any guesses on how many people are in the capital? If there's 56,000 on the island. 25,000. Yeah, I'm going to guess like. 20,000. Oh, 20. That is wild. I didn't even give Joe a chance to guess. Yeah, my guess is 20,000. And then the second.

Okay. You would have beaten Jason. The second most populated city has 5,500 people. So a pretty steep drop off there. But you can't drive there. Okay. Hearing the relationship that you explained, one question follow up to that is, what's in it for Denmark?

It seems like such a sweet deal right now with that 2009 act that passed. It seems like Denmark's like, hey, you guys have ownership over the resources there. You guys have a path to become independent. Like usually I feel like control and power and territory is so valuable and wanted. So it actually seemed like, wait, why is Denmark having this stance towards Greenland of just very nice, it seems very nice of Denmark to give Greenland a path to independence?

claim? Well, I think to answer your question, answers also part of the question of like, why does the U.S. want Greenland? And so like if you look at the Arctic Circle, there are, I think it's, is it eight countries that have land? There's seven or eight countries that have land in the Arctic Circle. And, you know, if you were to like shoot a bottle rocket

over the North Pole from Russia to the U.S., like, I don't know. Apparently during the Cold War, that was a thing. Yeah, I'm sure it's a bottle rocket. I mean, not bottle rockets, but. That's what we're concerned about. Anyway, so there is a, there is something to be said for like wanting the international security that could be achieved from having physical claim to the land in the Arctic Circle.

So that's one reason why I think Denmark is saying no, that they're not. not going to release Greenland. But I also don't think that, like, legally, it's not really a conversation of can, can they, like, release Greenland? Because Greenlanders would have to want to. Well, and they don't. But, but Joe is saying why, why did Greenland or why did Denmark let Greenland in 2009 do this? Because they've, they've given up, it seems like they've given up all the benefits of having Greenland and saying, hey, you can just. you can just leave whenever you want, but in the meantime, we'll pay out $500 million a year.

Yeah, I don't. But don't you think it's still for security? Like, because then like if they really needed to, I don't know, establish a military base in Greenland, then they could. Yeah, but that feels like it's a weird thing to say, but you can leave whenever you want, you know, like if they really want the security, then I don't know, make sure you have it long term. I so I don't know but yeah I completely agree with Kathleen there's there's so like why does Greenland matter right now and why is it valuable and what is in it for Greenland or Denmark at least right now big is just geography you know it it's a very strategic military location also as the Arctic ice melts there are more trade routes opening up through the Arctic

and so there's potentially a lot of strategic economic advantages there. You know, shipping routes. If you sail through the Arctic, you can shave off 1,000 miles. And, you know, that's time is money, Joe. Absolutely. And then the other reason, because we're sort of asking or answering now, why does Greenland matter? Why does the U.S. or President Trump, what Greenland?

And the last piece is these natural resources. So strategic military location, potential trade benefits, and then all these natural resources. So Greenland holds some of the world's largest undeveloped deposits of rare earth minerals. I looked up, it's like, okay, I've heard the phrase rare earth minerals, you know, name a few. What are they? And I'm sure I read some of these on the periodic table at some point in my life, but I was like, okay, yeah, these are rare. They don't come up in everyday life. I'll give you two.

Dysprosium, which is a heat. Oh, yes. Right? I know. It's a heat-resistant magnet used in military and clean energy tech. And then terbium, which is TB on the periodic table. And that is used in advanced electronics and high-performance magnets. So magnets are a big deal.

Interesting. Like, because you're near the North Pole, is that thing? I don't, I don't know. You're, you're veering from my limited pretend expertise on the, on the topic. You can get back to me. And then there's a whole bunch of common minerals that you have heard of, but are considered critical. And, you know, we like more of those uranium, zinc, nickel, cobalt, iron ore. So lots of, lots of good natural resources.

there may or may not be oil. People kind of think there's oil, but there hasn't been much effort to actually prove that there's oil. And yeah, so green, there's, there are benefits to having Greenland. Yeah, that makes sense. It makes sense why the Trump administration has their eye on that space and all the rare earth minerals that are underneath.

So Greenland, the Trump administration is pursuing it. it like how does that work can you just buy a country or territory like that no not really no i mean you know how i feel like a couple episodes ago we said everything changed after world war two and from what i saw like this is part of that like after war war war two and this focus on human rights and like country's rights like it just it's not a thing anymore sovereignty of nations is more Or it's like the basis of international law now. So we talk about international law. Trying to purchase a country would kind of go against it.

But the U.S. has done it, has offered before. Yeah. To buy Greenland. Yeah. Yeah. Tell us about that. When, because this is not a, this is not a new fling for the U.S. We've, we've wanted Greenland in the past.

Yeah. Earlier when you were saying, like in the 70s, something. was formalized with Greenland and Denmark. There was also in 1956, that's, I don't know what sort of paperwork had to be pushed for it to be official, but it became officially part of the kingdom of Denmark. But in 1946, before that, the U.S. tried to buy Greenland, but Denmark refused. And it was apparently like a secret, like the U.S. had offered money for it, but nobody really knew until years later. And so I think it was about. They didn't offer money.

They offered physical gold. President Truman and Congress, I assume Congress was involved, offered $100 million in gold. Oh, I saw $100 million, but I didn't realize it was in gold. This is like, this was hard currency. This was just straight gold bullion. Well. Was that when the U.S., I guess the U.S. had their military base for World War II? And so they maintained their military base after that, even though Denmark said no.

I mean, to this day. Yeah. And there were some other attempts to purchase it back in 1867 under President Andrew Johnson. They looked into buying it, but no formal offer was made. President Taft offered a land swap with Denmark. But like they were going to. What was on the chopping block? I don't know.

I couldn't. It said territories and some other concessions. And I, yeah, so I don't, I don't know what we are going to give up. But Denmark said no there. And then President Trump floated the idea on his first term and has been a little bit more aggressive in his second term about it. But Kathleen, okay, so you've said, we've tried this before. And but everything changed after 1945. what would the process for us successfully purchasing Greenland look like?

Do you know? No. I didn't think you could. I should move on. Well, and that might be true. But here is, if we wanted to do it, here is what would have to happen. Basically, Greenland would have. I have guesses.

You have guesses? Yeah, I mean, Greenland would have to want to, right? Greenland would have to want to. That is certainly the first hurdle that doesn't seem like we will get over. So Greenland would have to want to. And then Denmark would have to agree because Denmark controls their foreign policy. Then we would need a treaty signed by the U.S. Senate, and that requires a two-thirds vote in the Senate. And then all of Congress would need to approve the funding.

And then we could buy it like in accordance with U.S. law. But then there's still this question of international law. And apparently the U.N. looks especially unfavorably or critically at attempts to purchase land with when there's indigenous peoples involved. And they really don't like colonizers anymore. And so they're trying to not do that. And so there's some chance that the international community wouldn't recognize it. Again, back to our episode on international law, there's not really any teeth behind that. I don't know what would if we paid money and we recognized it as a territory.

If, you know, Egypt doesn't, I don't know what that practically means. But that would be the process to do it. The problem is every step of the way, like Greenland, doesn't want to, Denmark doesn't want to. The Senate is more divided than two-thirds, and so is the House. And so it looks quite unlikely. What about did you look into what if it wasn't a purchase, if it was just some sort of agreement? Because that does happen.

I mean, we just wrote about Britain transferring or the UK transferring ownership of some islands back to Mauritius. Yeah. Yeah, I don't know, I don't know how that worked. I also, I saw in 2017, Egypt transferred some islands to Saudi Arabia as part of an agreement. So I wonder if like no territory sales aren't really a thing anymore, but more often than we think, I mean, on a much smaller basis, territories and stuff for like ownership is transferred in agreement for stuff. Yeah. So back to the 1945, everything changed after World War II.

because we just bought Louisiana, you know, it's called the Louisiana purchase. We bought Alaska. I don't. Florida. Yeah. Did we just buy Florida? I don't, Florida and Hawaii. Regardless.

I don't know about Hawaii. We acquired these territories. But that was prior to 1945. And the kind of, you know, how it worked back then was this land was owned by the governments. And if you could get the two parties to agree on a sale, then great. Whereas now the international law says land belongs to the people that occupy the land. So the government has some say, but you also need a referendum and desire by the population to, you know, transfer ownership. So maybe that's just the difference between what we're talking about with Greenland and these other transfers.

of territory that we've been talking about is there's, you know, public will to get them done. Yeah. Or like the one for the UK, I think, like, I feel like I'm butchering every time I say it, Mauritius. I think they claimed the islands for a long time anyway. So maybe it's like it was in the benefit of the people who were there. It was like maybe it was being transferred back. I wonder how often that happens. With over 1,000 translations in every type of decorators, edition, it's easy to forget how many people can't even get their hands on a single copy of the Bible in their native language. This is why we've partnered with Crew. Crew has missionaries in almost every country, but they need more Bibles. One missionary said, I have never seen such a

thirst for the Word of God in my country. Let's quench that thirst. For just $24 a month, you can provide three people with Bibles every month. As a bonus, Crew will provide meals to 12-hunger individuals through their humanitarian ministry and send you a free TPO coffee mug. Simply text pour to 71326 or visit give.cru.org slash pour. Again, that's texting P-O-U-R to 71326 or give.cru.org slash P-O-U-R. Message and data rates may apply, available to U.S. addresses only. All right, so we went over all the different ways that there's transfer of ownership or buying and what needs to take place for all those steps to happen. So it doesn't seem likely. So begs the question, you know, if you can't do it in a diplomatic way, could the U.S. just take Greenland?

Wow, Joe. I think you're advocating for invasion here, but we'll move past it. I didn't say that. I mean, I think it's a little funny because, like, if the question is, like, is the U.S. military strong enough to take control of these 56,000 people? Pretty clearly, yes. And there were headlines saying Denmark sent troops to Greenland recently. It was 100 troops. And I think they're sending more, but it's like just a little, okay, this is clearly not like.

a defensive army that's being built up, you know. Yeah. Go ahead. No, I was just going to say, I think that was part of, like, the conversation, like Trump was saying, well, it's important that we get more, like, NATO allies there. We need more presence on this island. And so a few NATO countries were like, well, we'll send some troops, but then it was, like, small numbers. And then some of them got right back on the plane and left. And yeah.

Yeah, okay. So I'm also clearly, you know, playing. into the headline propaganda of, I assumed the headline of Denmark sent troops to Greenland was not like in coordination with the U.S. But it was like, look, we got our strong army here. So, again, there's kind of the pesky. It's kind of the pesky laws that get in the way. So a president can deploy troops unilaterally, but they have to notify Congress within 48 hours. And then Congress has to approve the troops staying.

longer than 60 days. Otherwise, they have to be recall. So we can't really, it would require Congress, an act of Congress to mobilize the U.S. military for any meaningful amount of time. And then there's this, like Denmark and Greenland are an ally. So they're part of NATO. Right. Isn't it Denmark and NATO? Yes. And a big part of NATO is like kind of the defining part of NATO is Article 5 saying, hey, an attack on one is considered an attack on all and like we will all defend anyone. So if the U.S., the whole thing, it would feel like a civil war, you know, and I don't, it feels my best guess is that like I doubt that France and Germany would send their troops to then

try to like take Greenland back. I think NATO would just dissolve. We would burn every bridge with every ally. The matrix would totally glitch. Right. So could they just take, could the U.S. just take Greenland? Like, I believe in our military capabilities of doing that. But practically in terms of the political and legal execution of that, no.

Yeah. One of the, like, explanations I saw said, this is very unlikely and would definitely rile the world. That sounds like chat, GPT. No, it was Politico. Oh. But maybe I don't know. I don't know their process. That's true.

Yeah. So chat, GPT. All right. Kathleen, do you have any fun facts? Oh, you know I do. This one was really fun for me. I did learn that I did like a rabbit, what's the rabbit trail, rabbit hole? I think they mean different things.

On the language. Yeah, one of them is like related. A rabbit trail is like. related and a rabbit hole is like you just get way off track. I'm a fan of both. The Greenlandic language is a polysynthetic language. So words are formed with a root and then you attach affixes and suffixes. And so one word can mean like a whole sentence in other languages, which I thought was really cool. But then they also have lone words that were probably introduced like during the Second World War.

And they also have, it's a descriptive language. And so they were saying like a potato is called, I've been practicing my pronunciation. So apologies if I get it wrong. But a nasiat, which actually means something for which one waits for a long time to grow up. What? Wow. That's a potato. You get this blend of these super long words and then loan words all together.

Yeah. I guess there's like different categories. So it's like it's a descriptive language. So there's a word for computer, which I did not study on how to pronounce. So I'm not going to try. But it directly translated means artificial brain. So like some of them are like, okay, that makes sense. But then potato, nasa, nasiat, something for which one waits a long time to grow up.

And I started thinking, I was like, you know how sometimes they just call people potatoes? And like, it really works now. Like you just call them. And potato. Oh, like a couch potato? I've been it a lot. No, I've been it before you started crawling, yeah. Yeah, okay.

Just a little potato. A little potato. I mean, it works. I love that. But I thought that was cool. And kids in school will learn or speak Greenlandic, Danish and English. Wow. Greenlandic is a language?

Greenlandic. So, like, that's what we, like, I would call it, there is an indigenous. name for the language. I don't want to butcher. Like they call it. Yeah. Something different. But Greenlandic is a language. And it used to be Danish is not the official language anymore. Greenlandic is. That's self-governing coming through. Yeah. Languages are so interesting. I love that like descriptive nature. I know there's something in Japanese that means like the feeling you get when you get a bad haircut. They have like a word for that. I just think that's a amazing. Jason would know that one. Oh, yes, yes, I would. You should have used that word.

Yeah. Yeah, my, my Japanese is about as good as Kathleen's Greenlandic, so it's probably, probably good that I don't try. All right. Should we move on to Christian perspectives? Let's do it. Yeah. Kathleen, what jumped out to you? actually this one was kind of hard for me because I had a lot of fun learning about Greenland and then had to like reel myself back and kind of realize some of the conversations that are going on and just I don't know I found myself leaning into choose humility which I think I always am somewhere between above all love and choose humility just because learning about this culture was so fun and about Greenland and how long their summer month is.

I mean, I really went into learning about Greenland. And then realizing that maybe there are larger conversations that historically have always taken place about why Greenland should be a part of another country. Like, there's just a lot of stuff I don't know. And so I think in this instance, I should just choose humility and be prepared to learn and be prepared to, you know, I don't know, have a humble spirit whenever I'm in a conversation about this topic. Yeah, I went a different direction, which was like if you, if you look in the comment section, anytime we mention Greenland, there's just there's just anger.

Like people, people angry that in every direction. And my perspective was just saying, man, I have literally no control over this. And also, it seems like it's it's largely political posture. and nothing is really going to happen. And so with those two things married together of maybe this isn't that important because it's all speculation and even if it were important, I would have no control over it. It just was like, okay, what can I do? I can respond in prayer for the leaders of our country and the leaders of other countries

and let it go and not get sucked into kind of the rage bait that is a lot of these articles over Greenland. That's so good. Yeah, that's good. Yeah. Yeah. All right. Well, thanks, everyone for joining us on another episode of TPO Explains. As a reminder, you can watch this episode on YouTube and Spotify.

Make sure to like, comment, and subscribe. We'd love to hear your thoughts and feedback. Thanks for tuning in. Until next. time. Bye. What if you could do more than just read your Bible? The filament Bible experience is an innovative way to blend the perks of print and digital. When you pair a filament-enabled Bible with the free filament app, you unlock a whole world of

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