The Prof G Pod with Scott Galloway - No Mercy / No Malice: Venture Catastrophists

Episode Date: March 18, 2023

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NMLS 1617539. I'm Scott Galloway, and this is No Mercy, No Malice. The collapse of Silicon Valley Bank runs deeper than risk management or regulation. There is an increasing cohort of tech leaders who have more from Americans to agents of chaos. Venture catastrophists, as read by George Hahn. In 1907, amidst rising interest rates and a declining stock market, two New York bankers attempted to corner the stock of a copper company. Their scheme collapsed, and depositors at the banks that backed them pulled their money. One bank, Knickerbocker Trust, lacked the capital to withstand the bank run and,

four days later, shut down. The route was on. J.P. Morgan, the nation's preeminent banker and business leader saw obligation and opportunity. He gathered the heads of New York's banks at his Madison Avenue mansion and, the story goes, locked the doors and pocketed the key. This is the place, Morgan proclaimed, to stop the trouble. First, he addressed his obligation to save the system in which he'd built his wealth. He pledged an $8 million loan, $255 million in today's dollars, to the next domino after Knickerbocker, the Trust Company of America. Then he convinced a dozen other banks and the

U.S. Treasury to deposit 70 million dollars into other vulnerable banks. The panic of 1907 subsided. Morgan saved the financial system. 14 years earlier, he'd done the same thing. What J.P. Morgan understood was that banking and and by extension, the economy, is not built on gold, labor, machinery, or spreadsheets, but on trust. Trust that deposits will be there when needed. That trust ruptured when the Knickerbocker Trust Company said, we can't. Trust was restored when J.P. Morgan said, we'll ensure they can.

Once people trusted the banks again, the monetary crisis was solved. Fast forward to today, can you imagine any part-time libertarian billionaire in the valley pledging 5%, much less 50% of their wealth to cauterize an emerging banking crisis? Banks need your trust because they don't actually have your money. When you deposit cash at the bank, it loans it to someone else. In fact, banks loan out more than they take in. It is a miracle and the cornerstone of our economy, turning short-term deposits into long-term loans. This is a good thing. Money sitting dormant does not fund startups, expand existing companies, or encourage consumers to consume. It's not useful. Every bank is vulnerable to a run if enough people ask for their money on the same day.

If Bank of America's 67 million customers simultaneously withdrew their funds in the same day, week, month, it would fail. But Bank of America doesn't stand alone. It's backed by a safety net of federal agencies, the Treasury, the Fed, the FDIC. Regulators, risk managers, and bank management are supposed to calibrate a sufficient level of liquidity to prevent insolvency, to stress test the bank. The Fed serves as a lender of last resort to troubled banks. Regulation moderates risk, but can't eliminate it. Don't look now, but there's something funny going on over there at the bank, George. I've never really seen one, but that's got all the earmarks of being a run.

This federal backstop exists in substantial part because J.P. Morgan didn't see just obligation back in 1907. He saw opportunity. In the aftermath of the panic, Morgan called in the loans he'd made and went shopping for distressed assets. He acquired six banks, including the Trust Company of America, a steamship line, and the second largest steel company in America. He already owned the largest. By 1913, officers of J.P. Morgan & Company sat on the board of 112 public companies representing 80% of the public market capitalization in the country.

We learned two lessons from 1907. The first was that the banking system needs a backstop. The second was that we shouldn't rely on billionaires to be that backstop. In 1913, Congress passed the Federal Reserve Act, which created the central bank as we know it today. The FDIC came along in 1933. It's no coincidence that the generations that followed 1907 made historic investments in the collective strength of America, from Social Security to the GI Bill to the interstate highway system. They understood their obligation to be part of a broader solution and rested on the shoulders of democracy. However, prosperity has a poor memory. By the 1980s, Morgan's obligation was forgotten, and his opportunism became our model. Reagan and Thatcher branded the new old

era. There is no such thing as society, said the Iron Lady. There are individual men and women, and there are families. Reagan added, Government is not the solution to our problem. Government is the problem. Libertarianism, the political philosophy of a 19-year-old who's just discovered Ayn Rand, became the governing ethos. Regulators were no longer backstops but impediments to be defunded or ignored.

By the 2010s, trust itself was seen as an inefficiency. Crypto rose to prominence with the core promise of trustless transactions. There's no such thing. Last week, Santa Clara had its own Knickerbocker moment. As the name suggests, Silicon Valley Bank was the bank of choice for venture capitalists and their portfolio companies, holding funds for nearly half of U.S. venture-backed companies. On Wednesday, March 8th, SVB announced it had sold securities at a loss and was trying to raise more cash. A small number of VCs panicked and encouraged their portfolio companies to pull

their funds, and on Thursday, they withdrew $42 billion, breaching SVB's liquidity cushion. On Friday, the FDIC seized the bank. Any complex event has multiple causes. The direct cause here is obvious. Too many of the bank's customers tried to withdraw too much cash at once. The proximate causes were numerous. SVB committed the same sins that bring down most financial firms, mismatched durations and poor risk management. It invested long in mortgage loans and treasury bonds and borrowed short from startups that needed cash to fund operations. SVB lobbied the Trump administration, successfully,

to raise the asset limit for tighter regulation. Interest rates rose at a historic rate, decreasing the value of its long-term investments. SVB bungled its communications and strategy of trying to plug the hole in its balance sheet by selling equity, triggering the run it was trying to plug the hole in its balance sheet by selling equity, triggering the run it was trying to prevent. SVB's customer base of startups is uniquely twitchy.

They have cash balances well over the FDIC insurance limit of $250,000, and they're interconnected through a handful of VC firms, which increases the risk of a bank stampede. Oh, look, sire, the herd is on the move. By Friday morning, it was over, and the feds had arrived to turn on the lights and close the bar. While they were working over the weekend to ring fence the contagion and make SVB's depositors whole, a new species of venture capitalist was born on Twitter, the venture catastrophist. The fear-mongering's stated intention was to drum up support for a federal bailout of SVB depositors, many of whom were the catastrophists themselves.

Here's a tweet from one prominent VC, in all caps. You should be absolutely terrified right now. That is the proper reaction to a bank run and contagion. POTUS and Secretary Yellen must get on TV tomorrow and guarantee all deposits up to $10 million or this will spiral into chaos. Here's another one from another VC in regular caps. Where is Powell? Where is Yellen? Stop this crisis now. Announce that all depositors will be safe. Place SVB with a top four bank.

Do this before Monday open or there will be contagion and the crisis will spread. There are no libertarians in foxholes. In the immediate aftermath, observers are doing what they do after a complex catastrophe, cherry-picking the proximate cause that suits their politics and priors. It wasn't rising interest rates, poor risk management, cherry-picking the proximate cause that suits their politics and priors. It wasn't rising interest rates, poor risk management, the concentration of the depositor base, or venture catastrophists on social media. It was all of it.

A more interesting question, what could have prevented the collapse? What is obvious is there does not appear to be a J.P. Morgan figure in the valley with the leadership, citizenship, and sense of sacrifice to cauterize a contagion. There was, however, a group of venture capitalists working behind the scenes quietly with our leaders to figure out a solution. No all caps, no posing for the algorithms, just responsible people working around the clock because they saw themselves as part of the solution. Several hundred VC firms signed a letter committing to keeping their business with SVB, intending to make the asset more attractive to an acquirer. More interesting than who signed the letter was who didn't. In sum, venture capital firms that have a vested interest

in destabilizing the banking system and the dollar via crypto investments have morphed from Americans to agents of chaos. I believe Mark Andreessen or Peter Thiel could have stopped the run with one tweet. They chose not to. This week, on the other side of the country, big banks, including the one JP founded, are following in his footsteps,

depositing $30 billion in First Republic after close coordination with Treasury Secretary Yellen. I am a founder, director, or investor at four firms that have approximately $20 million in deposits at SVB. We did not pull out a dollar. Note, one of the companies tried on Friday and was unsuccessful. We didn't keep our deposits at SVB because we're moral or felt an obligation to save the bank, but because I went to the FDIC site and found that 73 banks have failed in the last 10 years and all had their deposits backstopped. I didn't lose a minute of sleep. Why? One, my backers and the backers of the firms I'm an investor in,

assured us they'd do whatever was required to make payroll, etc. And two, nothing is ever as good or as bad as it seems. It's no surprise a community of increasingly atomized individuals chose survivalism over citizenship. Now, many Americans are disgusted with the backstopping, despite it being standard operating procedure, as they are wary of bailouts. More specifically, they are exhausted by a tech community that captures the upsides of risk, but expects other Americans to bear the inevitable downsides. Thanks to its ubiquitous apps, which create billions for management and investors but addict and depress our teams and make our discourse

more coarse, the brand Silicon Valley has fallen farther faster than any brand other than Musk. If the failed bank had been First Bank of Iowa Agriculture, there would have been no reticence by the feds or public to backstop its depositors. Fortunately, the wisdom of prior generations to establish the FDIC and the steady hand of the U.S. government has endured. It comes down to this. What type of leader, business person, and quite frankly, man, do you want to be? When shit gets real, do you want to be the steady hand who stays calm and works with others with purpose and skill to figure out a solution? Or are you in the foxhole screaming, only giving your position away and making things worse?

The real man here, the real American, is in Washington, and his name is Janet Yellen. The venture catastrophists are the other guys. Life is so rich. I just don't get it. Just wish someone could do the research on it. Can we figure this out?

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