The Rich Roll Podcast - Rivian Founder RJ Scaringe Is Building The Future: Leadership, Mindset, Innovation, & His Mission To Decarbonize Transportation

Episode Date: February 13, 2025

RJ Scaringe is the visionary founder of Rivian, who turned his childhood obsession with engines into one of automotive history’s most audacious ventures.   This conversation explores the intractable challenges of starting a car company from scratch, balancing “extreme optimism” with “robust realism,” and why this moment represents a once-in-a-planet opportunity to reinvent transportation.    RJ shares intimate details of Rivian’s journey toward a carbon-neutral future, from nearly running out of payroll to leading a publicly traded company.   This is a masterclass in playing the long game. Enjoy!   Show notes + MORE Watch on YouTube Newsletter Sign-Up Today’s Sponsors: Momentous: 20% OFF all of my favorite products  👉livemomentous.com/richroll On: High-performance shoes & apparel crafted for comfort and style 👉on.com/richroll Roka: Unlock 20% OFF your order with code RICHROLL  👉ROKA.com/RICHROLL One Skin: Get 15% OFF with the code RICHROLL 👉 oneskin.co                             Check out all of the amazing discounts from our Sponsors 👉 richroll.com/sponsors   Find out more about Voicing Change Media at voicingchange.media and follow us @voicingchange

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in which the generations to come are inheriting something that's as magical as it was for us. I think it's safe to say there are easier ways to make money than by starting a car company. But today's guest, RJ Scorringe, isn't really interested in what's easy. He's interested in what's possible and, more importantly, what's necessary. RJ is the founder and CEO of Rivian Motors, and he's a guy who's very focused on a singular and pretty audacious mission, decarbonizing transportation.

It's a dream he launched fresh out of MIT at a time when auto giants like GM and Chrysler were declaring bankruptcy. And it's a vision that demanded billions of dollars invested before even a single vehicle could exist. It's also an ongoing journey in which he is constantly faced with seemingly insurmountable obstacles. I think everybody deals with challenging situations differently. There's no right or wrong answer.

We need to be able to work together. And it's easy to say, let's work together and be collaborative when things are easy. It's naturally hard to work together when things are difficult and when there's not an easy or obvious solution. But RJ's most valuable contribution isn't just another electric vehicle on the market. It's proving that patient, multi-decade thinking can solve impossible problems.

So while others are out there chasing quick gains, RJ is a guy who's quietly mastering the long game. So his is a story about the courage to dream big, but also the wisdom to wait. Today we explore what it takes to devote your life to such an audacious mission, the hidden complexities of manifesting that mission at scale and how to maintain resolve

when the odds seem insurmountable. When you look at the beginnings of the auto industry, it was born out of people that were tinkering or dreaming and challenging convention. We need to have innovation that's not in any way constrained by dogmas of how a company used to do things, but rather a team of people that can come together to create something that doesn't exist. a team of people that can come together to create something that doesn't exist. Yeah. Thank you for doing this. I know you're a very busy man

and I've been trying to make this happen for a long time. Yeah, excited to be here. I have so much admiration for this mission that you're on. And I think what's really kind of most notable to me is that you're playing a very long game and you appreciate like the length of the game that you're playing. And you're also playing it at a very high level. So I think it would be helpful.

I mean, this is in a car podcast. People who are listening or watching, I'm sure no Rivian but they may not know your story. And so they may not know just how long this game is because it goes all the way back to you being a very young child. Yeah, yeah. Since I was 10 years old,

I've been a huge car enthusiast and thinking about doing something in transportation. I grew up restoring and working on classic cars and along the way realized these things I love so much, these things I was working on all the time were contributing to some of the biggest challenges we have as society. You know, everything from a lot of the geopolitical conflict

that we have to the local air quality issues we have in essentially every major city across the world, to most importantly, I think, the effect we're having on climate. Well, you were deconstructing like auto parts and engines like in your bedroom before you even had a driver's license, right? Oh, way before, yeah. Like this obsession. If you were to go into my like 10 year and engines, like in your bedroom before you even had a driver's license, right? Like this obsession.

If you were to go into my like 10 year old bedroom, you'd find like a literal engine, windshields, hoods. I was acquiring parts for all kinds of projects I was dreaming up. And what is your earliest memory of knowing that you wanted to found a car company? I don't know, like 13 years old, something like that. When I started to realize I wanted to do

more than just work on cars, where I wanted to start something new and work towards solutions that would allow the idea, the dream of personal mobility to continue in new forms. And so I had no idea what that meant in terms of like building a company, what does that mean? But I knew that I wanted to be in a place that 50 years later, kids would be inspired in the same way that I was around the idea of something that can take

you places, go long distances, be enjoyable to look at, enjoyable to drive, enjoy the details of how the many, many decisions are made across a product like this. That was one of the things that always intrigued me is a car is such a complex device that it's a, it's a manifestation of a ton of teamwork. And the better the car, the better the teams work together, the worse the car, the likely the worst the teams work together.

And so you can see how the chassis is executed, the body is executed, the way it looks, the way it drives, the power train, all of those things have to come together. And you literally have thousands of people working on a project to complete it in a couple of years. It's one thing to be a car enthusiast as a young person and to have this engineering kind of approach

to wanting to know how everything works. And it's not unusual that that type of person would wanna be in the automotive industry. It's a very different thing altogether, especially at a very young age is say, I'm gonna start my own like new car company. Where does that like confidence or kind of sense of self come from?

Like, what is the origin around the origin of that? I guess maybe not confidence, extreme optimism maybe. When you look at the beginnings of the auto industry, it was born out of people that were tinkering or dreaming and challenging convention. And that was what I love to do. And that's what I love to work on and to think about in terms of what's possible. And so in my own tinkering, I thought, boy, I'd like to tinker on something bigger and at a larger scale. And again, I didn't fully appreciate even then, I probably

appreciated 1% of how complex a car company actually is. You know, it's one thing to build a car from parts in your garage when you're growing up, it's a very different thing to build a company of this complexity. But I knew that I did fully appreciate just how important innovation is going to be. And that was the part that played from the very beginning when I first started thinking about this to obviously today, which was we need to have innovation that's not in any way constrained by dogmas of how a company used to do things or how an organizational structure was set up, but rather a team of people that can come together to create something that doesn't exist. And in fact, when I first started the company, I was 26,

and we were in this decrepit looking warehouse, and I wrote on the wall, we had on the back wall, I said, we're building this company because it doesn't exist. And the point was is we need to be building technology, the ideas, product concepts that are different than what is out there. You go to Rensselaer, you graduate top of your class.

You knew, you know, very young that engineering was gonna be your thing. You end up at MIT after that, you get a master's and a PhD in the automotive lab. And it was all about like preparing yourself so that you could go out into the world and like found this company, like that vision. You know, I don't know, like like I'm sure that the specifics of it

weren't in place, but the imagination had been animated for a very long time. It's sort of difficult to appreciate that not so long ago, I mean, now with Tesla and what you're doing, and there are like a lot of sort of car startups, but it wasn't very long ago, like before, like remember back before Tesla, the idea of creating an independent car company

was like an impossibility. I mean, right when you graduated MIT, GM and Chrysler filed for bankruptcy. Nobody thought that that was a good idea or even like a viable concept to pursue at all. So in the midst of all of that, thinking back like, yes, but I'm still gonna do this. Yeah, in some ways the Christ for GM bankruptcy,

which was happening, as you said, right, as I started Rivian, was a indication that it's important that new ideas are born and that new companies are born. But you're right, I mean, the challenges of starting a car company are unique because you need so much capital. You need thousands of engineers that are working on a solution, engineers and designers working on a product. You need hundreds of suppliers to make all the parts that go into it.

You need technology that's robust and differentiated. And that all needs to be wrapped into something that customers ultimately want to buy. So the product concept and the brand positioning are all really important. And if you had all those things, you know, at day one, you know, many billions of dollars of capital, a manufacturing plant, hundreds of suppliers, multi, you know, several thousand person engineering team,

a brand, a product concept, it would still take you a few years to get to your first product. So it's in the beginning, you have none of those. So it's the order of operations. It's quite shocking that you've gotten, it's just amazing that you've been able to like manifest this. Yes, you need billions of dollars even to get to the point.

The first dollar of revenue takes many billions of dollars of investment. So it's a really hard, the hardest thing for me that I didn't appreciate was the capital raising process. So imagine I come into you to pitch you, you're an investor and imagine I'm pitching the idea of a car company and I say, I wanna start a car company.

He said, okay, great, tell me about your technology. Well, we haven't developed that yet. Okay, well, they'll show me what it looks like. Well, we don't have that yet either. Well, you must have a group of suppliers and partners lined up to work with you. No, we still haven't done that yet. Okay, well, you must have it looks like. Well, we don't have that yet either. Well, you must have a group of suppliers and partners lined up to work with you. No, we still haven't done that yet. Okay, well, you must have an amazing team of people.

Yeah, it's those three guys over there. And you sort of go through it and you can imagine it was not surprising that there were a lot of nos and a lot of closed doors in the beginning for obvious reasons. Were you having those conversations on Sand Hill Road with like the tech venture capital funds at that time? At some point, but even before that,

you get a meeting with a venture capital firm on Sand Hill Road, you have to have some level of credibility and so just the very nature of startup car company, no capital, no technology, no team, no partners, no plant. It's either not, you're probably not even gonna get the meetings. You have to like build into that and build some credibility.

And that was one of the big reasons I decided to do a PhD is I thought to myself, I'm gonna have to raise a lot of capital and to bring a lot of people together on this and then wanna do it while I'm young and I don't wanna go work at another car company first and I don't have any capital. So the only way to sort of accelerate past that

to have some earned credibility was to have a doctorate from a top tier school. So that was very calculated. I know that you told Guy Raz in how I built this that when you are getting your PhD, you didn't tell anyone that this was your idea and your intention. And that's very curious. Like why not?

You were having this experience in the automotive lab. Why not like share that idea and see if you could get buy-in? What was the reason that you kept it quiet? Probably two reasons. One is I was intellectually aware that the odds were so low that with a bunch of other highly intelligent people that understand the industry well, if I said to them, I'm gonna go start a car company,

they would just- They would talk you out of it. They would tell me that it's a really bad idea and not be wrong. They would be right. They would be indisputably right that this is a hard thing to do and that this is low probability of success.

And then the second reason was I didn't want that to be distraction from all the doors that were open to me as a PhD student. So, you know, one of the great aspects of my time at MIT was that if I wanted to go visit a plant in Europe for pick a brand, just about any brand, any company, they would open the doors and say, hey, come in, we'd love to give you a tour, let you understand how we do engineering. So it was a great platform for me to be doing research

into how the existing incumbent manufacturers operate, what their innovation strategies are, how ideas go from the idea stage to the production stage. And so I was pretty guarded with putting this idea out there because I didn't want the idea to be like just crushed by the perspectives of those that knew how hard it was. Yeah. And I think entrepreneurs,

a lot of entrepreneurs go through this. I've now spent time with lots of founders of different types of companies. And in the beginning, the idea is so precious and so fragile that you're really careful with your own emotional state, knowing that you sort of almost have to manage your mental state around something that's so unlikely.

Yeah, to nurture and kind of foster that dream in that fragile state when you just got a couple guys and a couple of second mortgages to keep you going. Yeah, yeah. And in the beginning, that's a big part of, like my job was to have extreme optimism, but balanced with, call it robust realism, like understanding that this isn't,

like you can hope your way to starting a car company. You do have to spend billions of dollars of capital. You do have to bring on hundreds of suppliers. You do have to build a manufacturing plant. You know, we're sitting in one of our retail spaces. You do have to build a whole network of sales locations and service locations. So those aren't things that you can just will away.

They have to be there, but you have to build up to them. You have to build a basis of some of the foundation before you can get to those pieces. But it's a long chess game. It's much easier if you start with a lot of money. Like I used to always joke, it'd be a lot easier to start a car company if at least you could start with a few billion dollars.

But starting with zero, it's a really hard starting pace. I mean, it's a bit of a, I mean, you say 3D chess, it's sort of like, you have to go into those rooms with confidence and be, I would imagine, a little bit ahead of yourself in order to engender the confidence level that you need for them to invest in you, right? And I know, you know, some of those original investments,

they came in stages, like, let's get you through this stage, let's get you through that stage. So it was always just sort of like gracefully, gradually like walking you forward. But in this process, I mean, you're an engineer, you have this dream, you're taking one step at a time and you're trying to protect this, you know, amazing vision that you have.

I suspect that requires a level of obsession, right? This isn't gonna happen as a part-time hobby. This has to be full buy-in. Do you think that you have to be obsessed to do the kind of thing that you're doing? And what is your own like relationship with obsession? You need to be in a place in life where you can, obsessed has a negative connotation to

it. I'd say where you have the ability to be maniacally focused on a singular thing. And to the extent that it's hard to imagine those early years if I were to have had kids or if I had other things that would require me to, that would absorb any level of attention. Now, at the same time, I look back and the way I went about things, I think I could probably do more efficiently now, but it's also beneficial to have that early on,

just infinite energy to keep trying things and be wrong. Cause it's not just, the task wasn't just hard. It was also that it was my first time running a company. So it's not as if I was coming into this with like, this is my third startup, this is my first time starting a company, this is my first time making an investor deck, my first time building a financial model.

I went to school for engineering, but I had to learn how to be pretty strong at finance because we couldn't afford to have a finance person, so that was me. So a lot of the elements of the business, I had to learn real time. And I actually describe it to friends now as actually a blessing that we didn't have a lot of capital in the beginning because it afforded me the chance to learn and grow. You had to know every aspect of it.

Well, it gave me the chance to make mistakes. Grow into the job. The mistakes were relatively low impact. I could completely shift the strategy, and I had to manage three people and essentially no shareholders. Whereas today, I couldn't walk into the office and be like, okay, we're gonna do a completely different thing today.

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Invest in the health and longevity of your skin with Oneskin. Your future self will thank you. I'm interested in the lessons that you've learned and the kind of growth curve of going from, that startup mentality and being nimble and having the ability to pivot and you having your fingerprints on

like every single aspect of the job, like understanding deeply every aspect of what needs to get done and how to do it to today. I mean, you go from that role and now you've raised billions of dollars to publicly traded company. There's gotta be just tremendous pressure on you. You have to kind of deal with the volatility

of the stock market and your investors, et cetera. And along the way, you go from a guy with a vision and a couple other people that you got buy-in from to having to let go, delegate, team build, and like lead these teams and step back. And it's not like you went to management school or were formally trained in like how to be a leader or lead teams of people

and empower them. What was it like to learn that like on the job? The strength of mine is I've always been good at reading people and interacting with people and understanding how to motivate teams, motivate groups of people. And so that's been a skill that I've had to sharpen over time and a lot of the mechanics of how you'd communicate

or how you'd pull groups of teams or teams of people together change, but the fundamentals are the same. So they change in that. You know, in 2010, we could have a full company meeting at a room much smaller than this. You know, today we have many, many locations. We have 16,000, 17,000 employees between our plant, our multiple service locations, multiple retail, multiple development locations.

So, like, you can't have a team meeting in a room. So, you can't even have a team meeting where everyone intends at the same time because of the time zone. So, just like the way you cascade information, the way you cascade decisions is totally different. But it's not like we went from one to the other. So there was, I think of it as my skillset in terms of leading a team had to be reinvented and relearned like every year.

So what I did with a five person team was different than when it was 100, which was different than it was 500, which was different as a private company versus a public company. And being willing to like accept that, hey, like the way I did this before has to change. So like the classic expression, the one constant is everything's gonna continue to change.

Yeah. And so that's certainly true. And you can't be the bottleneck in any of these decisions, but do you have that temptation to like roll up your sleeves and get into the granular engineering stuff that you've sort of had to like let go of? Well, one of the things that's been really big learning for me is being super intentional with how I spend my time.

So in the beginning, like on day one when it was just me, I would do everything and often I would be doing things that weren't necessarily the highest impact. They may feel the most urgent, but they weren't actually the most important things for the business. And now I'm very intentional on making sure that things I'm spending time on are not only high impact, but they're things that I'm uniquely positioned to do well. Meaning on product or technology topics, I still think I'm uniquely positioned because of the breadth of experiences and because of my visibility to the whole technology stack,

I can add a lot of value. But on our tax strategy or accounting strategy, those are not areas, there are people who are much more skilled than I am that I shouldn't spend a lot of time on those topics. And so I've designed the team and the company in a way that allow me to be more product and technology focused. I'm still our head of product. And the product functions all report up to me. But then in other aspects of the business

and some of the more GNA, the general administrative functions, I of course stay linked into and tied into those, but I'm not as in the weeds. So like earlier today, I was reviewing electrical board designs and power electronics and the detail level down at the board level, which is like, I'm not doing the parallel.

I don't even know what that means. I'm not doing the parallel of that in, let's say, you know, in some of our GNA functions. Yeah. The automotive industry is such an intractable, I mean, you gave these reasons why it's so complicated, so complex and why it's so capital intensive. I heard you say that the development of a car requires something like 20 to 30 million different decisions.

Yeah, it's hard to estimate, but it's like- I mean, that's- Many millions of decisions. Insane, right? So what is the average person who's listening to this not kind of fully appreciate or understand when it comes to, you know, having this idea like we're gonna make this electric vehicle

and turn it into reality? What do you think gets missed and why it's so hard? I think there's two things. I think at the highest level, you've said it already, is that the number of decisions is really large. And so the best products, and this is true not just for cars, but for just essentially every type of product

is a product that has a really clear vision for what it wants to be. And in the case of a car, that's harder than let's say like a coffee cup because the scale of the decisions and the breadth of the decisions is so broad. So it's not possible for like me to have a really crisp vision and for me purely to go executed.

That vision has to be communicated effectively across many groups. So there's teams of people doing power electronics, battery design, motor design, chassis design, interior design, exterior design, materials design. And each of those teams need to be looking at it with the same mindset around how we make trade-offs between cost and features, between mass and cost. There's all these trade-offs that you have to make decisions where you can't get everything on everything. You can't make it the lightest weight, the lowest cost, the highest performance for its trades. And so across the many millions of decisions being made by thousands of engineers and designers

across many functions, it's really an exercise in coordination and communicating and disseminating a vision that's easily understood and easily actionable. And not every single decision is gonna align with every single customer need. And I look at like an hour and a half. And they're gonna let you know. And not every single decision is gonna align with every single customer need. And I look at like an R1. And they're gonna let you know.

And the customer's like, you know, why did you do this? You're like, well, it wasn't like it accidentally happened. How much time do you have to explain? But there's no accidents. I'll give an example in the interior of our vehicle in the R1, we decided not to have buttons. So the entire interface is through a touchscreen. And if you want buttons, you're not gonna like that decision. not to have buttons. So the entire interface is through a touchscreen.

And if you want buttons, you're not going to like that decision. And it doesn't matter what I say, but we optimized for the ability to have a completely updatable user interaction, user interface, that with software we can change anything. And so that meant we drove everything to a touchscreen, a multi-touchscreen.

And that singular decision means that it has like long-term repercussions. It also means that the vehicles can get better over time. But there's so many decisions like that, that we had to make trade-offs and we try to make them in a way that both feels consistent to the vision, but also we think encapsulates something that's going to be highly compelling. we think encapsulates something that's going to be highly compelling. But by nature of the cars being compelling and unique and pointed, you're not going to have everyone like everything. And so that's okay.

I say that all the time. If someone disagrees, I say, that's okay. That's why, hopefully, there's lots of great choices that you can choose from. This is one company's perspective on how to make, this call it set of 30 million decisions. There's other companies that have different ways of making those decisions. Yeah, you're always quick to say,

like we're at the very beginning of this huge mission. And I wanna hear you articulate what that mission is specifically, but as of now, what is it like? EVs are 10% of the consumer transportation market, something like that. And we think like, oh, well, there's Tesla and there's you, it's late, it's not, it's very early.

Like there's so much growth. And so you're always kind of like celebrating any kind of innovation in this space and not looking at it through a sort of competitive lens because when these other companies win, like you win as well, because there's lots of room here. But back to the mission, like if you have to say, what is the mission statement of Rivian

or what is your mission statement with this company? Yeah, we actually look through that lens, through the lens of what are we trying to accomplish as our objective or as our mission in driving a vast majority of the decisions we take as a company. And for us, it's really helping to advance our whole society towards a climate neutral

transportation ecosystem, an energy ecosystem. And so that means moving towards sustainable energy. That means moving off of combustion and fossil fuels. And you're right, I do talk about this being the beginning all the time and it's the beginning in so many ways. It's, you know, we're 8% new vehicle sales are electric in the US. There's one and a half billion combustion powered vehicles

on the planet. All of those need to be converted. There's thousands of coal power plants, thousands of natural gas power plants. So our grid is still, you know, in the United States about 60% fossil fueled. All of that has to be shut down and replaced. But amazingly,

that's gonna happen in our lifetime. So the world we live in today. The optimism is still there. It's just so, but it's just so amazing. Like imagine everything we know of in the world, like the room we're sitting in, the lights that are in, the microphones we're speaking to,

this technology was developed within the last few generations, meaning our parents, parents, parents. That string of four generations has built the world we know today. And the world we know today is so different than what it's looked like for the vast majority of human history.

But of course that was built with fossil fuels and we uniquely in this moment in time are responsible for replacing that entire energy infrastructure and industrial ecology with something that's going to be sustainable for many, many generations to come. And we're running this whole world that we built off of a very finite fuel supply. So we can either say we're going to run another two, maybe three generations worth and then we'll be out, you know, no more fossil fuel and recarbonize the atmosphere to such a degree

that life as we know it is at high risk or we can make the transition much sooner. And obviously I think we should make the transition much sooner and I think a lot of companies like Rivian need to emerge to recreate the industrial footprint. No one of these companies is gonna do it alone. It's just too big. And in order to solve it,

there's a vertical integration of systems in order to achieve that, right? So let's just start with the climate impact of the sort of consumer transportation industry on the environment, like how damaging or deleterious is that? And what is your sense of of if you could flick a switch and everybody's driving an EV, we'll set aside like the power grid for a moment.

Like what degree of improvement do we accomplish in doing that? Yeah, transportation is one of the single largest contributors to climate change. Between carbon emissions and then unburned hydrocarbons, things like methane, it's one of the most damaging. It also has the unique role that it plays

in the air quality in our cities. So if you're sitting here in LA, we saw like a sneak preview at the start of COVID of what air quality will look like if we drive less combustion powered vehicles. One of the first times in a long time where you could see across the city without smog. And so one of the benefits of moving to electric vehicles isn't just the reduction in carbon emissions, but we actually improve air quality across all of our cities.

And that's super exciting. But this flick the switch point that you bring up, I wish that was possible, but it's really going to take a couple of decades. And that's maybe a slightly optimistic view to replace the one and a half billion vehicles on the planet, but it's, you know, we could say whether it's two decades or three or four decades,

but it's characterized as like my lifetime. But the time skills to do that are very similar to the time skills to completely clean up our grid. And that's turning off thousands of power plants that are running today. That's building many, many sites that are doing renewable energy, both solar and wind. It's gonna involve continued development of nuclear power.

So we're gonna see a whole new grid emerge over that 40 to 50 year timeframe as well. When you think about charging infrastructure and the power grid, like most power grids are powered by natural gas, oil, coal. And I think there is this sense with the consumer that is this really any better? I'm plugging into the grid, it's coal,

like it's kind of the same thing. It's actually not because of the law of thermodynamics. And there's a reason why it's still better that I'm sure you could articulate much better than me. So you're still doing a good thing by doing this. But yes, of course, the problem doesn't get solved until the power grid is powered by renewable energy. We should talk about that just for a second. I'm glad you bring it up. So

if you think about what a power plant is, let's say a natural gas power plant, and you were to compare that to an engine in a car, they're very similar thermodynamically, except the power plant can run at very high levels of optimal efficiency. So it can run at, let's say say an average efficiency of 40 plus percent in terms of converting the energy and the fuel, natural gas to the actual mechanical power, which is like, it can be converted to electricity. In a vehicle, because the engine's much smaller,

because it has to be throttled to run at lower speeds, you know, it's running it maybe on average 15% efficiency. Right, like something like 20% of the energy from the gas is lost to heat. A huge amount of the energy is lost to heat. So you have call it 15, maybe 20% efficiency. So you have at least a two to three X improvement just by using these larger centralized power plants.

And of course the energy to go from electricity to mechanical power and electric motor is very efficient. centralized power plants. And of course the energy to go from electricity to mechanical power and electric motors very efficient. It's close to 97-98% depending on the design. So you just have a very big difference in terms of energy efficiency between an engine and a vehicle versus what you're using at the grid level. Now above and beyond that the grid is not a hundred percent fossil-fueled. We've already made some progress. In the United States, 40% of our grid is carbon free. Of that 40%, roughly half or 20% of the grid is renewable.

And the other roughly half, roughly 20% is nuclear power, which is carbon free. And so we're already on a journey. And the neat thing about an electric vehicle is every year, every month that goes, every month or every year that goes by, the grid is getting cleaner and cleaner and cleaner. And so in year 10 of owning-

And then there's the air quality aspect of it as well, just with the emissions aspect of it. You can do a lot more to control the emissions of the plant because it's large, it's centralized. You can use things like scrubbers. There's a lot of technologies to clean up the output from a plant. But the other point, which I'd say is more philosophical,

is if we all waited until everything was perfect, if we said, I'm not going to switch out of my combustion-powered vehicle until the grid's 100% green and held off on that, or until battery supply chains are perfectly optimized, we'll end up waiting for forever. So we have to start making this transition. As we make the transition, the technologies will become better. The efficiencies will become better.

I say this all the time, like that's our role. Our moment in time is that we're at the start of this transition. And so it'd be wrong to judge the end state by what it looks like in the beginning. Sure, it's gonna be messy for a while. I mean, that applies to battery manufacturing. It applies to almost anything.

And lithium, you know, mining and all these other kind of like, you know, considerations that come into play. Like if the mission is decarbonizing transportation, like there are other problems that have to be solved. It applies to so many. I mean, if you were sitting, let's say 1980 and imagining a world in which you have a computer

in your pocket, you'd say, well, I don't wanna start with that because I have these giant computers or the pain. So I'm not gonna use a computer. Tell me when it's ready to go in my pocket. It took us going through many iterations before we could get to what we now think of as like an iPhone or a Pixel,

or a small, amazingly powerful device that goes into our pocket. But if we'd gone back and just said, we're gonna wait until it's there, we would have never gotten there. How do you think about your customers? Like what is the Rivian customer? How do you cater to that person?

How do you think about that in how you message around this mission and the products that you create? So linked to this, just the overall mission around driving towards sustainable energy, sustainable transportation. One of the words we've talked about a lot in building the brand is the word inviting. And we wanna create a brand that's highly inviting

and it doesn't tie to any specific demographic or age group, but rather it's inviting across a broad spectrum of people, personalities, backgrounds, what have you. Part of that is we wanted to look at it beyond just the effects that our products are gonna have in a positive way on the climate. And so we really started to design the brand. And this was maybe six, seven years ago, we started to design the brand, and this was maybe six, seven years ago,

we started to design the brand around enabling people to do the kinds of things that would connect them back to the world, to connect them back to the natural environment. And so we started to build this idea of a brand built around adventure. And when we talk about a brand built around the idea of adventure, and it really was going after this idea of

there's an adventure in all of us. And your version of adventure may be different than my version. I may want to take a telescope out to an open field and look at stars at night. Yours may be running a 100-mile race, riding a bike 50 miles. It could be going to the beach with kids.

Everybody has a different form of adventure. But we want to make those types of experiences both highly accessible, but also, and I'd say perhaps even more importantly, we want to help inspire those things. So we want to inspire people, in addition to enabling them, to do the kinds of things you want to take photographs of. When I think back, what was I doing 10 years ago? What was I doing 20 years ago?

We rarely think about the things we bought. We rarely think about the clothes we were wearing. We look back and remember the emotions we had, the experiences we had. We look at the pictures of those things and that as a brand is what we're trying to embody. The ethos, you know, kind of behind this from my perspective is,

you're somebody who wants the products to speak for themselves, which is very different from Tesla. There's definitely a cult of personality around Elon and that has its pros and cons, I suppose. I mean, his sort of like ascendancy into kind of everyone's consciousness, I'm sure has a positive impact on Tesla sales, but the downside of that is,

because he's very opinionated and has aligned himself politically in a certain way, that ultimately could become an Achilles heel. And you're somebody who I see is very neutral. You're trying to create this welcome mat for everybody. Maybe it's a slower kind of like growth curve. But at the same time, like you're sort of more in the background and letting the work kind of like

talk for you, is that fair? It's funny when you think about building a brand or a company in the process, you do all this work envisioning the future. So you're like, what do we want to have happen? What are the types of outcomes we'd like to accomplish? And one of the things we spent a lot of time talking about was envisioning a world where our products

would inspire people to go do things that they love, to do the kinds of things they want to photograph, but importantly, bring groups of people together to go create these experiences together. And like the, I'd say the sharpest, maybe perhaps most unlikely thing we envisioned was the idea of user groups forming that would help create opportunities for people to experience the world in different ways or in new ways. And those user groups to be really diverse. Our team would put together these slides with

groups of people going out and checking out a trail or going on a hike together but getting there in the Rivians or imagining that group of someone who's never been on an outdoor hike before and the first time doing it. And what's amazing is that's actually happened. And we have one of those active customer bases that I'm so happy is so diverse. And in the world we're in now, we're unfortunately, sustainability and electrification have become politicized in ways that I really could have never imagined. We see people that are on the right, on the left, guys, girls, different, every orientation of everything you can imagine that are aligning around this. And I think that's really good.

And so we don't wanna lose that, we wanna maintain that. And we wanna, as you said, be as welcoming as we can across such a broad spectrum. I think along with that, the products need to speak for themselves. So a big area of debate I had when I first started the company was whether the product wants to be purely optimized for the most die-hard climate-focused customer

or something that would be broadly appealing. And I did the summer before I started the company, and as I was still thinking about what it wanted to be, I did an experiment where I tried to live carbon neutral. When I did that, I went full in. So no dishwasher, no clothes washing, no lights, no AC, like raw foods, raw, I'm vegetarian, pump paste, so it was like, everything was raw.

It was very, very low carbon. And I got through it then I'm like, well, I don't think that many people are gonna sign up to do that. And if we want to sell highly efficient vehicles, we need to create products that are compelling that meet people where they are. So like a teeny little car

is probably not gonna sell that many. It may be really efficient, but it's not gonna sell that many. So we said, let's make- You got like Ed Begley Jr. and people like that who are all in, who will be your customers. But you're not gonna have impact. So we decided to make the most incredible SUV and the most incredible truck

that regardless whether it's electric or not, it's just amazing. So it's quicker than a supercar, it's a 60. It's more capable off-road than anything you can buy. It's comfortable and premium in a way that you wouldn't imagine an off-road capable vehicle can do. And so we did all this work to create a flagship product that would, regardless of your orientation towards climate,

is just interesting. And it's been really successful. So we have people that are buying it just because they love the product, and then they tell their friends and say, look, I wasn't really super excited about electrification but I drove this thing and it's freaking nuts. It's so cool.

The experience of driving them is just, I mean, it's just a better experience across the board. And so the more people that get exposed to that, it just self-perpetuates. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah.

Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah.

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go to mealplanner.richroll.com and use code POWER20 for $20 off your annual membership. When you reflect back to the early 2010s and you think about EVs, this is sort of the purview of the NPR tote bag where coastal elites, that's very much changed. To me, it's just only a matter of time because the product is so much better. But I'm curious around like your sense

of the consumer marketplace and like, where is this going? Like there is some sort of market stagnation. The growth is slower than I'm sure you would like at the moment. And I think the marketplace is dominated by players who are creating products that are essentially like luxury products, right?

Inaccessible to a lot of people. And I know you're moving in the direction of affordability and scale allows you to do that. But from your perspective, like, how do you win the hearts and minds of all of these people who are either skeptical or thinking like, you know, this is like not for me. Like, why is this a little bit stagnant right now?

Set aside regulation and you know, political climate and all that. I think the biggest driver of this is there's a lack of choice and so today, if you want to get a highly compelling, well-engineered, software-first product that's sub $50,000, there's very, very few choices. I'd say less than the number of fingers in my hand. It's obviously a Tesla Model Y, Tesla Model 3, great products. But if you're in the market for something that costs less than $50,000,

you have to make big compromises today around form factor, up around brand and brand presentation and what the brand stands for. And you also have to accept that there's a single player Tesla that has so much market share that you're going to end up with, it's a great product. But a lot of people have the same thing. So it's becoming more and more ubiquitous. And I think in order to see large-scale adoption of the magnitude that is the global automotive market,

so call it 80 to 90 million electric vehicles per year, it's going to need more than two or three choices. And you could argue that it's more economically optimized for everybody to buy the same thing. But that, without exaggeration, that has not happened in any part of human society, meaning it'd be way cheaper if everyone wore the exact same pair of clothes.

And we had six factories across the planet that made all the world's clothes. But there's probably a hundred people on our campus right here. I bet you no one's wearing the same shirt. And so, like, we have a desire as a human species for personal expression, we have a desire for differentiation, and I think the same is true in vehicles.

So we need lots of great choices. We haven't had those. It's one of the reasons we're so excited about our, as you've called it, our more affordable products, our R2 and our R3. And it's one of the reasons why I'm constantly reminding people that like, it's not gonna be just R2 and R3 and Model 3 and Model Y, we need a lot more great choices. And yeah, I've heard you talk about how, you know, you wish these other companies weren't like

just trying to copy Tesla. Like we need creative differentiation in here as well. Yeah, yeah. Yeah. Yeah, I mean, so our take our R1S, as you said, it's an expensive product, but it's been very successful. And in terms of vehicles priced over $70,000,

it's the most popular SUV in California. And not most popular electric SUV, just most popular SUV over $70,000 in California. So it outsells any of the incumbent traditional internal combustion vehicles at the premium, you know, within the premium segment. And so our hope is we can translate that success that we've had in a premium segment

to something that's in the more, call it middle of the market, you know, around the price of an hour, you know, what an average transaction is in the United States, which is under $50,000. It wasn't that long ago, three, four years ago, you're in this very challenging position. You've raised billions of dollars.

You buy this former Mitsubishi plant in normal Illinois, and you invest like $1.5 billion in equipment to install and retrofit, this plant to produce Rivian vehicles. Pandemic happens, COVID, supply chain disruption. You've got hundreds and hundreds of suppliers. And you're also like new, you had to like convince these suppliers

to work with you in the beginning. Like just leading up to that is case studies and overcoming obstacles. But now you're faced with having to deal with problems you couldn't have even foreseen. It's sort of amazing that you navigated that and have come out the other side. So I say all that just because I'm curious around

how you think about and manage like obstacles. Like I'm sure a day doesn't go by where you're not presented with some insane challenge that you couldn't have imagined two weeks earlier that you have to figure out a solution to. So how do you problem solve in those situations? How do you like maintain your equanimity and stay focused on, you know,

kind of moving forward on your mission? I mean, we were talking about before I started the company, how I didn't talk about what we were doing to very many folks. And at that point, the risk was enormously high. And I contrast that with today, where everyone, we're a public company, so every quarter we put our financials out. And you called out just some of the challenges that happened that were

linked to COVID, supply chain crisis, multiple vehicles being launched at the same time as all those challenges. And you know, as I look at our situation today, people say, are you stressed? And I say, of course I'm stressed. I'm like incredibly focused on what's in front of us, but the risk profile today is so different than what it was before. In fact, I said to my dad that I've never been more confident in Rivian than I am right now. Yeah. And if I would just contrast today with 15 years ago,

we have built a world-class brand. The last two years in a row, we've come out in a bunch of independent brand studies as the number one rated brand, the highest rate of repurchase, the highest level of customer satisfaction. We launched a flagship product that's the dominant market share player, depending on how you categorize it in a number of ways.

And we're about to launch our mass market product, which means we're spending a tremendous amount of capital to develop that, make sure that from a technology point of view and a product point of view, it's among the best in the world. But before we launch that, we have all the costs associated with building that business. We're forward investing in service, forward investing in our retail and sales infrastructure.

But that's all really visible to us. And so we have real clear line of sight to what's to come. And so we're really excited about that. But the difference is a public company is it's very easy to look at this from that side and say, boy, you're losing money today still. Looks like you're having to invest in technology and spend a lot of money on your R&D.

And I look at it and I say, of course, this isn't easy, but we're so focused as a team, so focused as a company around what we have to do. And I said this to a group of our leaders here today, like we need to be successful, we must be successful. And society needs multiple versions, multiple companies like us in transportation, in energy, in consumer goods, in agriculture, to be disruptive agitators that are changing the way these industries work.

And they need to be not monopolies. They need to have multiple different companies that are driving through competition, better products for customers. You have this vision, you know the trajectory you're on. You can like see the path to profitability. You understand that it's long and labor intensive and capital intensive and all of that.

I get that you have the patience and I'm sure your teams do as well. But that kind of version of playing the long game isn't always simpatico with like, being a publicly traded company and the pressures that come with that world, right? Like it's quarterly earnings and it's like, where are we right now?

There's like, there is, it's the antithesis of patience, right? So do you feel that pressure? I mean, it's not, it's pretty common, not necessarily in the automotive industry, but it's pretty common for founders who are visionaries, who figure out a way to create something real and solve like a problem

and create a huge business around it. Go public, grow, and then get to that place where the board feels like maybe it's time for a change. Like let's bring in the real operator. You can be the visionary guy in the face of this, but like we need, we're at a place right now that's outside of your depth. So how does that work with your board?

And how do you kind of maintain, amity amongst the board members so that you kind of avoid that situation? That befalls a lot of people. Yeah. It's quite common. We talked about it before. The skills that I need to have to run Rivian have evolved a lot since I started

the company. And there's certain moments where there was like step changes in how I need to look at the business and how I would look at what I even do. And one of those was the launch of our products. We went from a company developing products to a company suddenly selling products and actually having customers. Another was the build out of a large service, you know, service infrastructure and go to market infrastructure. Uh, but one of the biggest was us going from private company to a public company. And for me, it was a lot of, there was a lot of learning in the first year of being public of there's going to be lots, especially a company that's public.

That's not, it's not like we're doing enterprise, especially a company that's public that's not, it's not like we're doing enterprise software or something that's obscure, that's not people aren't paying attention to. This is, we sell products that you can see on the road and it's very relatable. And you've recalled that already. There's natural comparisons that one will want to draw

between our products and Tesla products or our products and incumbent vehicle manufacturers. It's unavoidable that there's going to be, it's gonna be a complex environment to manage externally. And really core to that is that it's important that in my role as CEO, that I have a really close relationship with our board, that we have active discussions around the challenges

we're up against, that we're consistent and aligned on how we approach these challenges in terms of balancing the short-term focus and the long-term focus, and then that we as a leadership team can manage the choppiness of a share price that is highly volatile. And so it's taken some practice, you know, it's taken some learning. And I think I've certainly feel like I'm much stronger at managing both the emotional ups and downs,

but also the types of relationships necessary across investors and analysts and stakeholders, like suppliers as a public company than I was just a couple of years ago. But the beauty of a high functioning board is that it's not just a fiduciary function, it's also an advisory function. So it's an opportunity for me to get great counsel

and advice from the board that we've put together. So I'm really pleased with that. You know, it's lots of learnings. Like a weekly board memo goes a long way to keeping everybody aligned. I really- Be proactive. I really enjoy a weekly board memo goes a long way to keeping everybody aligned. I really enjoy weekly board memo. I like to write it. Our board enjoys it.

So there's like these little tactical things. Yeah, just in case they're listening, let's make sure they know that, okay? But this idea of like taking counsel, like a big part of the Rivian ethos is collaboration. Like you have all these partnerships. You've got this incredible partnership with Amazon and you're creating this fleet

of commercial Amazon delivery vehicles. And now your own like kind of commercial vehicle for multipurpose, right? And this new deal with Volkswagen that was recently enriched even further, $5.8 billion. That's gonna allow kind of your technology that was recently enriched even further, $5.8 billion. That's gonna allow kind of your technology to find its way into the Volkswagen suite of vehicles, which include Porsche.

And that's very exciting. It gives you kind of like some nice- It speaks to our mission, big time. Yeah, some nice capital. And you can see the benefit. Like you're a technology company that manifests its technology in automobiles, right? These other companies, legacy automotive companies,

they're automotive companies that have figured out how to like incorporate technology. They're upside down of each other, right? So there's clearly like a synergy there. But on this piece around like collaboration, I'm interested in like what you've learned as a leader, from these relationships, like what was that first meeting like with Jeff Bezos

and what did you learn from him? And what is the council like that he's providing you? I mean, Jeff having, among the friends and advisors that we've accumulated as a company that I've built over the last 15 years, Jeff's been really interesting because he's been through, he built one of the most valuable companies in the world. It was not a straight line journey. He famously wrote in an annual shareholder letter around the importance of focusing on the long term

versus the short term. And that opening passage of that shareholder letter around the importance of focusing on the long-term versus the short-term. And that opening passage of that shareholder letter is something I've probably read 150 times. And so he's been a great advisor and someone that, you know, particularly when there's hard decisions around trade-offs between short and long-term, hard decisions around technology and how we invest in technology, you know, in our current state as we're as we're scaling It's been really valuable and so That's true in the case of Jeff

that's true in the case of a number of other leaders across other businesses that we've partnered with or worked with and I think one of the one of the Really key parts of that that I Deeply believe is important for our success and for that matter success of our society One of the really key parts of that I deeply believe is important for our success and for that matter success of our society is that we need to be able to work together. And it's easy to say, let's work together and be collaborative when things are easy.

It's actually really hard to work together. It's naturally hard to work together when things are difficult and when there's not an easy or obvious solution. And so that's true within our product teams, that's true within our business, that's also true with our corporate partners and relationships. And so one of the things that has me very excited with Volkswagen is we didn't just sign this deal after, like, all over the scene, I had like a fun weekend meeting and said, hey, let's do a $5.8 billion deal next week.

It was there was a year of rigorous work that our teams got to know. Their teams, we worked through challenges. For us to deploy our electronic stack and our software across their whole portfolio of vehicles, it's not like inserting and uploading a new software package. It is a deep set of changes that have to happen to their vehicles to do that.

And so the work of seeing our teams come together, collaborate, disagree, challenge each other, ultimately arrive at solutions where both sides are equally excited to move forward in the deal is really, I think speaks volumes to the kind of culture that we've worked so hard to build within Rivian. And the same is true in our relationship with Amazon, the same is true in our relationship across our own business, between let's say our manufacturing teams and our engineering teams, or our go-to-market and sales teams and our product teams. But it's not a skill that's, it's not like a natural equilibrium point.

It's something that takes constant focus, constant attention, and that means you need to have the right leaders in place. If you have the wrong leaders in place, it's incumbent upon myself and other leaders to make changes. The right types of behaviors need to be identified and rewarded and the wrong types of behaviors also need to be identified and actioned on. And so it is a constant active gardening of the culture, active work of how it looks and how it shapes up.

When I asked you about navigating COVID and the supply chain issues at that time, you said something along the lines of like, well, that was like the least sort of risky time, like amongst all the obstacles that you faced and overcome, like you feel like, you know, the company isn't under threat through these, like it has been in the past and you had to get over these sorts of things.

The by-product of which of course is like, you know, you're building this resilience to like meet these challenges. But was there ever kind of an existential threat to the company where the obstacle was so dire that you thought like, this is it, like, I can't do it. Like how are we gonna wake up in the morning kind of thing? obstacle was so dire that you thought like, this is it. Like I can't do it. Many, many times. How are we gonna wake up in the morning kind of thing?

Like what was the most intense crisis that you faced? I mean, there's been so many, the obvious one is along the way there's many times we're almost ran out of money. And so- How close? Oh, like way closer than I would have ever wanted the teams to know. Like days, weeks?

Yeah, like a week or two before it could be payroll. It is early, early on. Early on, yeah. And that was like just, that became just the norm, that we were essentially hand-to-mouth for so many years. But I'd say in more recent times, you talked about COVID, we were planning to launch our first product in 2021. And so to do that, there's obviously the product engineering,

but there's a buildup of hundreds of suppliers that can make all the components and tool all those components. So, you know, like a fascia or a headlight, the supplier has to build that, but they also have to build the tooling for it. And so that was our first time turning on our supply chain. And in each case, we had to go through the really painful process in 2018, 2019 of negotiating deals with these suppliers from a position of weakness. The brand wasn't known. We didn't have a balance sheet that looked particularly robust.

It wasn't clear whether customers wanted to buy electric trucks and SUVs. And we were unproven as a company. And so we had to pay, and by the way the auto industry was at its peak, so it was like high times. It wasn't like the automotive supply base was desperate by any means. So essentially we had to pay a pretty significant premium just to get all these suppliers to work with us. And it wasn't as if we had a choice because there was just such a lack of leverage that we had. But the assumption that I made was that after launching, we would be able to negotiate meaningful cost reductions off the success of the product and continued volume growth. And what we didn't predict was first that COVID would happen,

and that would make setting up a plant, not just our plant but all these suppliers, getting tooling set up and coordinated and tested and quality loops worked through really difficult from 2020 to 2021 when we were supposed to launch. But then subsequent to that, setting up the plant and installing equipment, that the supply chain would have such a hysteresis of capacity to be like just constrained for so long. And so rather than us being able to negotiate cost savings, those same suppliers came back and said, if you still wanna keep getting parts, you have to keep paying us.

And so there was this, I won't call it extortion, but it was almost like we had no choice, but to pay whatever additional fees were on top. So it was just- This is why you're still having to subsidize like every sale. And so that, we had to really work through that. And it was, we launched the other thing.

We decided to launch three products at the same time. So we launched a truck, an SUV, and a commercial van all at once. And so if things were going well, that would have been a really positive thing. In that environment, it made it immensely complex. And just to illustrate how hard this is, really two things,

the install of the equipment at the plant, we had hundreds of truckloads of equipment that was sitting outside our plant in 2020 with no ability to install it because we couldn't get contractors to work on site to like do the electrical drops and all of the above. To actually install the equipment that you paid a billion and a half dollars to have delivered.

So we had to like come up with all sorts of crazy schemes to get the equipment installed. We had, you know, multiple different colors of shirts for different teams so that they wouldn't walk by each other and exchange, you know, COVID. It was very complex. Once we got through that, when our supply chain was ramping,

any single supplier can stop the plant. And I think the focus is always on the single supplier that stops the plant. What's not appreciated is the other suppliers keep sending stuff. So we would have insane stockpiles of the stuff we did have enough of, and it overflowed all of our warehouses.

We had to rent additional warehouses. There were times where we would have a 100 semis lined up at one of our warehouses because there's nowhere to put the parts because a single part was stopping production, so we couldn't build vehicles to consume the other parts. So the pain and the complexity of learning for the first time how to run a complex supply chain across not just one vehicle, but three.

And to do that in that environment was, you know, we, we like had to go zero to highly capable really quickly. And so we're just now coming out of that. So we renegotiated and resourced about half of our vehicle on R1. Um, but as I said, like the linkage to how that started still remains. It's still there. The hangover is long. The hangover is still there.

The hangover is long. But on R2, it's a totally different supply chain. So the cost structure on R2 is, it's like, I'm so excited about it. It's so much cheaper than what we did on R1. And it's just starting from such a different position. The supply chain stuff is so interesting because it's not like you're getting,

you're waiting on a part, you're waiting on in many cases components. And so when there's a piece that's required for your supplier to create that component that's missing, they have their supply chain issues. So it's sort of like, it's a domino effect all the way down the line, takes a very long time for that to repair itself

and get back on track. Meanwhile, you've got, you know, a hundred thousand pre-orders and you've got all these customers waiting. Like when did we do that panel in Denver? Do you remember with Alex? Oh, yeah. That was before we had a pandemic. It must have been 2018.

Yeah, 18 or 19. Something like that. And, you know, it was a big dog and pony show. You had the vehicles there and it was like, we're on the precipice. Everybody's gonna be getting the suit. Yeah, and then boom. Yeah.

And it would be like three years later, right? I mean, and you're trying to manage, like make sure there's no customer revolt amidst all of this. Like I can't even imagine. So when you look back on all of those experiences, you know, what do you tell your younger self? Like, had you known all of this going in?

I mean, you strike me as somebody who would be like, yeah, I'm still doing it, like sign me up. Oh yeah, yeah. Yeah. Yeah, I wouldn't have changed. I probably would have spaced out the three vehicle launches. Like I wouldn't have compressed so much complexity. So probably would have launched R1S first,

then the truck, then the van instead of all within the same six month window. But in some ways the pain, the world has not yet seen it and it hasn't been realized yet, but R2 is going to be so much better from a cost point of view and a supply chain robustness point of view because of the the the beating that we took on R1 and I actually think the

pain that we went through on R1 is leading to R2 being a better product and so the R2 is like the aggregate result of all of our experiences as a company. And so those experiences are valuable. They help to inform how we operate. They informed our culture. They informed how we negotiate with suppliers. And so I'm, you know, it's like that. I certainly wish some of those things were less painful,

but it's gonna make us stronger in the end. You seem like a very grounded, calm, equanimous person by nature. And I'm just trying to imagine you in the center of the firestorm and how you kind of maintain that level of calm so that you can make good decisions. What are the lifestyle habits that you kind of deploy

to kind of maintain your sanity in a very insane life? I think everybody deals with challenging situations differently. There's no right or wrong answer. For me, what I find is that as the situation becomes more complex and more pressurized, I'm at my best if I'm consciously staying calm. So if you were to look in my notebook,

at the hardest moments in Rivian's history, you'll find written on pages, stay calm or I often write, the calm person wins. And it's a reminder to myself that you just said it, but we make better decisions, we can process things more thoughtfully, or at least I should say I can make better decisions and I process things more thoughtfully

when I consciously stay calm. And that's easy to say, sometimes hard to do, but it's the reason I write it down sometimes to remind myself. Do you have a practice though to do that other than just a reminder? Like, are there things that you do or is there a way that you set up your life

that makes it more conducive to remaining calm? There's three things I think that can help. So I eat very healthy. I'm vegetarian for a long, long time, plant-based for also a long time. I like to exercise. And even if it's, when I say exercise, I think we all, like our minds often go to like

being in a gym, but exercise is walking, hiking, biking. Rivian style exercise. Yeah, it can be lots of things, but it's being active. It's getting your body moving in a way that you may not solve something on a walk or on a hike, but your brain, at least I find, my brain can reset and look at the same exact set of constraints and problem in a different way. And then the third, which I don't do a great job of is getting enough sleep. I think if you do those two things well, you're in your best position to make great decisions.

That's some of the advice I've had from other founders or along those lines, which are, you know, you're particularly as a company scales. In the beginning, your job in running a company is to do everything. But as it scales, a big part of my job is to make as strong and robust of decisions as possible. I'm no longer the person that's gonna design every part, or, but I need to be making like the hard big decisions.

And to even know what the most important decisions are to make so that your attention and your focus is being placed in the right. And often the big decisions that are easier, the ones where the answer is obvious, the big decisions that are harder, the ones that are unpopular. So they're either high risk or they're ones for which,

you know, the whole leadership team is like, Arjit, what are you thinking? And it's like, well, I'm really convicted on this. So you're not gonna be a hundred percent right as well. So you have to recognize that you will get some things wrong. But I think on the really big, one way door decisions, I try really hard to make sure we're thinking about those in the right way.

And so what is your advice to the young founder or somebody out there who's tackling a big problem or has an audacious vision for how to change the world from your experiences and all the things that you've learned. I think first and foremost, I say this all the time, it does take a lot. It takes a lot of time. You have to, maybe it's possible,

I can't imagine a way to do it without, you put it as being obsessive, but being really dedicated to the thing you're working towards. And this whole concept of work-life balance, your whole life is integrated into your work. If you're really doing something big, and if you, I think following a model similar to what I followed.

So it's just everything you're thinking about in some way relates in. And then as your life becomes, as in the case with me, as your life becomes, has more things added to it. So in my case, had kids, like finding ways for your kids to be part of it is important. But there's no way to avoid that this is going to take a tremendous amount of focus and time. And you have to love it. You have to deeply love it. You have to be passionate of it is important, but there's no way to avoid that this is gonna take a tremendous amount of focus and time. And you have to love it.

You have to deeply love it. You have to be passionate about it. You have to be in it for the right reasons. A different relationship with balance. Yeah. You can't get too unbalanced or you're not gonna be able to actually fulfill the mission. Yeah.

One of the things I learned a lot in doing this, and so I've gone through cycles where I've been not physically as healthy and I'd say not performing at as effectively as I could have to where I am today, which is I've been much more intentional on how I find ways to make everything all fit together. And so I talked about being intentional with time. I'm really intentional on energy now.

So I think about in the course of a week, what are the things that we're doing? Are there enough things that are creative, enough things that are like grinding out hard work, enough things that are collaborative and mapping out the timeline over the course of a week to say, no, like make sure it's balanced and make sure the context switching is also thoughtful.

So going from an intense negotiation where it's a serious, hard negotiation to giving an inspiring all hands talk to terminating a leader at the company to your recruiting lunch, that's a bad flow of events to have happen in the morning, but you could arrange those same things differently across the course of a week and your energy levels can be much higher. So I spent a lot of time looking on my layout of the week to think, you know, like what I did immediately

before this was important that it wasn't something that put me in a really bad mood, for example, or not even bad mood, just like beat me up emotionally. And similarly, I know that after this, I'm gonna be in a great mood. So I should go do something creative. This is my job. And sorry, yeah.

Our time is winding up. I gotta let you go shortly, but I can't let you leave without some thoughts on where this is all going. Like if you cast your gaze and your vision onto a future, maybe 30, 40, 50 years on the horizon, and assuming there are all these obstacles and it's not gonna go as planned

and there's setbacks and the timeline gets stretched, what does it look like? Like what is the world that you wanna see that would match up to this vision that you have? This is where I think, I've said it before, I think we're at such a wonderful inflection point. We're at the early innings of this transition away from fossil fuels.

So 30, 40 years from now, we should be in the late innings of that. And it should start to feel as if when we look back, almost unimaginable, the way the world operated for the last 120 years. It'll just, we'll look back and be like, boy, that was crazy how we used to do things. Can you believe we used to have these little teeny engines

that would be on the end of a stick that we'd use to whack weeds in our backyard? Like that actually happened. And we'll like look at that in the way that my kids look at a dial-up phone and don't understand what it is. It's just going to feel so foreign. But I think one of the things we haven't talked about here, which is also interesting, I characterize the transition

away from fossil fuels as more than a once in a generation. It's a once in a planet change. We as a planet, we had the benefit of this accumulated stored mass of carbon in the form of liquid and solid fuels that allowed us to industrialize what we did. That's a one-time thing. We're going to reuse them to get to where we did from a technology point of view. We're now going to figure out how to get off of them. But that's it. Like in the history of our planet, that will be one blip, one really important but short blip. And so to be alive in that transition is a big deal. The other transition and change we're seeing

is the birth of artificial intelligence. And there's no reason that these two happen to be occurring at the same time, but they are. And so the combination of those two is gonna create opportunities that are even beyond what we might think of as science fiction. So things like cars that drive themselves, packages that are delivered to your house without any human involvement,

manufacturing plants that are operated almost entirely through robotics, the elimination of information asymmetry in making decisions around everything from traffic to what I want to eat for dinner. And so, I mean, we could spend hours just dreaming about what that future looks like, but the point is, is it's the whole fabric of our society is going to look very different in 30 or 40 years. And as we go through these massive changes, anytime there's a set of changes that impact society at this level, whether you're looking at the transition away from carbon-based fuels, away from fossil fuels,

or looking at the birth of artificial intelligence, it's going to cause tension in society. That tension is going to manifest for lots of reasons. It's going to manifest because there's incumbent businesses or incumbent ideologies or incumbent habits that are being challenged by that. So I think it's important that as society, as many leaders as possible work to find the common thread amongst us as a species. And it was one of the reasons early on in our life as a company,

we start talking about our kids, kids, kids. And it's one of the, we actually have our life as a company, we start talking about our kids, kids, kids. And it's one of the, we actually have a shirt, it's a really cool shirt, it's kids, kids, kids, it's three different trees. But it's, I think it's the singular aligning mechanism that I found regardless of almost everything, religion, political orientation, country of origin, age, it's something that unifies us as a species and I've had a chance, fortunately, to just travel a lot in life and it's so consistent. We want a better world for our kids and we can debate what that looks like

and that often leads to some of these tensions. But a unifying thing is that there's a desire to create a world in which the generations to come are inheriting something that's as magical as it was for us. So that's, I think, very important and I hope, so yes, what I think about for 30 or 40 years from now, there's technology, there's changes that are like, you know, goosebumps-inducing beyond even our imagination, I think we'll start to see. But my hope is that the threat of humanity

that has informed our society to date continues. And in fact, we find ways to run towards that as opposed to away from that. Yeah, I share that optimism. It's an incredible inflection point, this decisive moment that we find ourselves in. I know as a kid, you used to say, like I wish I was born in 1890.

Cause I used to say this all the time. Like your great era of like automotive innovation. 1890 has got nothing on 1983 or whenever you were born. Like it is really a remarkable time in which we're living. And the rate of change is only going to escalate. We're at the very beginning of this. And it's exciting to bear witness to that. And I'm very glad that you're somebody

who is helping to steward that. So I have to let you go. I could talk to you for four more hours, but I really appreciate you sharing with me today. I think you're on a beautiful and laudatory mission. And I'm a fan, mad respect RJ. So thank you very much. Yeah, thank you.

Cheers. Peace. and I'm a fan, mad respect RJ, so thank you very much. Yeah, thank you. Yeah, cheers, peace. That's it for today, thank you for listening. I truly hope you enjoyed the conversation. To learn more about today's guests, including links and resources related to everything discussed today, visit the episode page at richroll.com where you can find the entire podcast archive,

my books, Finding Ultra, Boising Change and The Plant Power Way, as well as the Plant Power Meal Planner at meals.richroll.com. If you'd like to support the podcast, the easiest and most impactful thing you can do is to subscribe to the show on Apple podcasts, on Spotify and on YouTube,

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Plants. Namaste. Thanks. Namaste.