The Tim Ferriss Show - #191: The Art and Science of Learning Anything Faster
Episode Date: October 6, 2016This is a special episode because it doesn't focus on the lessons of one particular person. Instead, I explore the tips, tricks, and framework I've used to learn just about any skill. This is... the meta-skill of meta-learning, or learning how to learn. I'm going to share techniques that can help you -- even if you're sub-par or a rote beginner -- take the smartest first steps and use 80/20 analysis to accelerate your progress. This is adapted from The 4-Hour Chef, which is the cookbook that's not a cookbook -- it's a book on accelerated learning. Without further ado, please enjoy this episode on meta-learning. Show notes and links for this episode can be found at www.fourhourworkweek.com/podcast. This podcast is brought to you by Vimeo Business. Vimeo Business has all of the prior benefits of Vimeo Pro, including VIP support. Whether you make videos for a living, run your own company, or simply want to amp up your video marketing, Vimeo Business is here to help. It has more than 280 million creators and viewers worldwide and makes it easier to share your videos with a global audience and connect with professional video makers to bring your stories to life. Vimeo Business allows you to upload up to five terabytes and store your videos in one secure place, add up to 10 team members to your account for easy collaboration, and gather feedback with seamless review tools. You can even add clickable calls to action and capture email addresses directly in the player, which can help you generate leads and drive conversion for whatever you're trying to optimize, such as a newsletter or a sales page. Check out vimeo.com/tim10 to save 10 percent on Vimeo Business. This podcast is also brought to you by Wealthfront. Wealthfront is a massively disruptive (in a good way) set-it-and-forget-it investing service led by technologists from places like Apple. It has exploded in popularity in the last two years and now has more than $2.5B under management. Why? Because you can get services previously limited to the ultra-wealthy and only pay pennies on the dollar for them, and it's all through smarter software instead of retail locations and bloated sales teams. Check out wealthfront.com/tim, take their risk assessment quiz, which only takes 2-5 minutes, and they'll show you for free the exactly the portfolio they'd put you in. If you want to just take their advice and do it yourself, you can. Well worth a few minutes to explore: wealthfront.com/tim. ***If you enjoy the podcast, would you please consider leaving a short review on Apple Podcasts/iTunes? It takes less than 60 seconds, and it really makes a difference in helping to convince hard-to-get guests. I also love reading the reviews!For show notes and past guests, please visit tim.blog/podcast.Sign up for Tim’s email newsletter (“5-Bullet Friday”) at tim.blog/friday.For transcripts of episodes, go to tim.blog/transcripts.Interested in sponsoring the podcast? Visit tim.blog/sponsor and fill out the form.Discover Tim’s books: tim.blog/books.Follow Tim:Twitter: twitter.com/tferriss Instagram: instagram.com/timferrissFacebook: facebook.com/timferriss YouTube: youtube.com/timferrissPast guests on The Tim Ferriss Show include Jerry Seinfeld, Hugh Jackman, Dr. Jane Goodall, LeBron James, Kevin Hart, Doris Kearns Goodwin, Jamie Foxx, Matthew McConaughey, Esther Perel, Elizabeth Gilbert, Terry Crews, Sia, Yuval Noah Harari, Malcolm Gladwell, Madeleine Albright, Cheryl Strayed, Jim Collins, Mary Karr, Maria Popova, Sam Harris, Michael Phelps, Bob Iger, Edward Norton, Arnold Schwarzenegger, Neil Strauss, Ken Burns, Maria Sharapova, Marc Andreessen, Neil Gaiman, Neil de Grasse Tyson, Jocko Willink, Daniel Ek, Kelly Slater, Dr. Peter Attia, Seth Godin, Howard Marks, Dr. Brené Brown, Eric Schmidt, Michael Lewis, Joe Gebbia, Michael Pollan, Dr. Jordan Peterson, Vince Vaughn, Brian Koppelman, Ramit Sethi, Dax Shepard, Tony Robbins, Jim Dethmer, Dan Harris, Ray Dalio, Naval Ravikant, Vitalik Buterin, Elizabeth Lesser, Amanda Palmer, Katie Haun, Sir Richard Branson, Chuck Palahniuk, Arianna Huffington, Reid Hoffman, Bill Burr, Whitney Cummings, Rick Rubin, Dr. Vivek Murthy, Darren Aronofsky, and many more.See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.
Transcript
Discussion (0)
At this altitude, I can run flat out for a half mile before my hands start shaking.
Can I ask you a personal question?
Now would have seen an appropriate time.
What if I did the opposite?
I'm a cybernetic organism living tissue over metal endoskeleton.
The Tim Ferriss Show.
This episode is brought to you by AG1, the daily foundational nutritional supplement that
supports whole body health. I do get asked a lot what I would take if I could only take
one supplement. And the true answer is invariably AG1. It simply covers a ton of bases. I usually
drink it in the mornings and frequently take their travel packs with me on the road. So what is AG1?
AG1 is a science-driven formulation of vitamins,
probiotics, and whole food sourced nutrients.
In a single scoop,
AG1 gives you support for the brain, gut, and immune system.
So take ownership of your health and try AG1 today.
You will get a free one-year supply of vitamin D
and five free AG1 travel packs
with your first subscription purchase. So learn more,
check it out. Go to drinkag1.com slash Tim. That's drinkag1, the number one, drinkag1.com
slash Tim. Last time, drinkag1.com slash Tim. Check it out. This episode is brought to you by
Five Bullet Friday, my very own email newsletter.
It's become one of the most popular email newsletters in the world with millions of
subscribers. And it's super, super simple. It does not clog up your inbox. Every Friday,
I send out five bullet points, super short, of the coolest things I've found that week,
which sometimes includes apps, books, documentaries, supplements, gadgets,
new self-experiments, hacks, tricks, and all sorts of weird stuff that I dig up from around the world.
You guys, podcast listeners and book readers, have asked me for something short and action-packed for a very long time.
Because after all, the podcast, the books, they can be quite long.
And that's why I created Five Bullet Friday.
It's become one of my favorite things I do every week.
It's free. It's always going to be free and
you can learn more at tim.blog forward slash friday that's tim.blog forward slash friday i
get asked a lot how i meet guests for the podcast some of the most amazing people i've ever interacted
with and little known fact i've met probably 25 of them because they first subscribed to five
bullet friday so you'll be in
good company. It's a lot of fun. Five Bullet Friday is only available if you subscribe via
email. I do not publish the content on the blog or anywhere else. Also, if I'm doing small in-person
meetups, offering early access to startups, beta testing, special deals, or anything else
that's very limited, I share it first with Five Bullet Friday subscribers. So check it out, tim.blog forward slash Friday. If you listen to this podcast, it's very likely
that you'd dig it a lot. And you can, of course, easily subscribe any time. So easy peasy. Again,
that's tim.blog forward slash Friday. And thanks for checking it out. If the spirit moves you.
Hello, ladies and germs. This is Tim Ferrississ and welcome to another episode of The Tim Ferriss Show
where it is my job to deconstruct world-class performers of all types to tease out the habits,
routines, and so on that you can apply and test yourself in your own life. This episode is a
little bit different. It's special because it doesn't focus on the lessons of one particular
person. Instead, I'm going to explore the tips and tricks and really the framework that I've used
all along the way to learn just about any skill. And this is the meta skill of meta learning,
learning how to learn in other words. And in particular, I'm going to share techniques that can help you, even if you're subpar at something or a rote beginner, to take the smartest first steps and also use 80-20 analysis and so on to accelerate your progress.
I'll share the story of how I became fascinated with all of this. We will dig into swimming, Michael Phelps and beyond, and also about how learning any skill can be as simple as the acronym DISSS.
And we will get into that.
This is adapted in audio from The 4-Hour Chef, of course, which is a cookbook, but not really a cookbook.
It is a book on accelerated learning disguised as a cookbook,
and it's a big honking doorstop. You can check it out if you like. So without further ado,
as I always say, please enjoy this episode on meta-learning.
Meta or meta-learning. Meta is where you will learn to mimic the world's fastest learners.
It is possible to become world-class in just about anything in six months or less.
That's based on everything I've done, everything I've seen.
Armed with the right framework, you can seemingly perform miracles,
whether with Spanish, swimming, or anything in between.
Smart Design became one of the top industrial design firms in the world by being,
you guessed it, smart. With locations in New York, San Francisco, and Barcelona,
Smart Design represents clients ranging from Burton Snowboards to Starbucks.
The company has also been strategic partners with OXO International since 1989.
That ubiquitous line of Good Grips kitchenware with the comfy black handles,
the ones that cover an entire wall at Bed Bath & Beyond?
Yeah, they made those.
In the documentary Objectified, Dan Formosa, Ph.D., then with Smart Design's research department,
explained one of the first steps in its innovation process.
Quote,
We have clients come to us and say, here's our average consumer.
For instance, female. She's 34 years old, she has 2.3 kids.
And we listen politely and say, well, that's great, but we don't care about that person.
What we really need to do to design is look at the extremes, the weakest or the person with arthritis or the athlete, the strongest, the fastest person.
Because if we understand what the extremes are,
the middle will take care of itself, end quote. In other words, the extremes inform the mean,
but not vice versa. That, quote, average user can be deceptive or even meaningless,
just as all averages can be. Here's a statistician joke for your next hot date.
Person A, what happens when Bill Gates walks into a bar of 55 people?
Person B, I don't know, what?
Person A, the average net worth jumps to more than a billion dollars.
Well, it's not exactly Chris Rock, but the joke makes an important point.
Sometimes it pays to model the outliers, not flatten them into averages.
This isn't limited to business.
Take, for instance, this seemingly average 132-pound girl who ended up anything but average.
Note to listener, imagine average-looking high school girl here. Her picture was sent to me by
Barry Ross, a sprint coach or track and field coach who creates world record-breaking athletes
to illustrate an ab exercise called the torture twist,
he nonchalantly added on the phone,
Oh yeah, and she deadlifts more than 400 pounds for repetitions.
What?
For those of you not familiar with the deadlift,
Google Mark Bell.
Even more impressive, she developed this otherworldly power the wrong way,
at least according to all conventions.
Rather than train the conventional full range of motion,
she utilized only the weakest range of motion,
lifting the bar to knee height and then lowering it.
Total muscular tension, actual weight lifting, was limited to five minutes per week.
This all makes our average-looking high schooler extreme.
But the real question is,
was she an exception? In the outside world, absolutely. Even in track and field, she was a total freak. Had she been thrown into a study with 40 randomly selected female sprinters,
she would have been a ridiculous exception. Must have been a measurement error. Then the baby would get thrown out with the bath water. But WWWBS, that is, what would Warren Buffett say? I suspect the Oracle of Omaha would
repeat what he said at Columbia University in 1984 when mocking proponents of the efficient
market hypothesis. First, he pointed out that, yes, value investors, that is, devotees of Benjamin
Graham and David Dodd,
who consistently beat the market are outliers. But then he posed a question which I've condensed here. Quote, what if there were a nationwide competition in coin flipping, 225 million
flippers total, then the population of the U.S., each flipping once per morning, and we found a
select few, say 215 people, who'd flipped
20 straight winning flips. Flips where the result was guessed correctly, on 20 mornings. Then he
continued, emphasis mine, some business school professor will probably be rude enough to bring
up the fact that if 225 million orangutans had engaged in a similar exercise, the results would
be much the same. 215 egotistical orangutans with 20 in a similar exercise, the results would be much the same.
215 egotistical orangutans with 20 straight winning flips. There are some important differences in the examples of value investors I'm going to present. For one thing, if A, you had taken 225 million
orangutans distributed roughly as the U.S. population is, if B, 215 winners were left
after 20 days, and here's Tim Ferriss emphasis, if C, you5 winters were left after 20 days, and, here's Tim Ferriss emphasis,
if C, you found that 40 came from a particular zoo in Omaha, you would be pretty sure you were onto something.
End emphasis.
So you'd probably go out and ask the zookeeper about what he's feeding them,
whether they had special exercises, what books they read, and who knows what else.
More Tim Ferriss emphasis.
That is, if you found any really extraordinary concentrations of success,
you might want to see if you could identify concentrations of unusual characteristics
that might be causal factors.
So back to our sprint coach, Barry Ross.
He has a most unusual zoo.
In fact, he can engineer mutants at will.
His best female distance runner has deadlifted 415 pounds
at a body weight of 132 pounds. His youngest male lifter, 11 years old, has deadlifted 225 pounds
at a body weight of 108 pounds. So our extreme high schooler is the standard in his gym. This
naturally led me to ask, could I, a non-elite runner and an average, possibly replicate her results? I tried, and
it worked flawlessly. In less than 12 weeks, with no coach and following a printout from Barry,
I went from a max deadlift of 300 pounds to more than 650 pounds.
Just about everything you need to know about meta-learning can be understood, or at least
observed, by watching two videos on YouTube related to freestyle swimming, of all things.
The first is from Michael Phelps, you probably know that name,
and the second is from Shinji Takeuchi, a much lesser-known name.
Phelps makes sense, but who the hell is Shinji Takeuchi?
Phelps learned to swim at the tender age of seven.
Shinji, on the other hand, learned to swim at the well-ripened age of 37. More interesting to me,
Shinji learned to swim by doing practically the opposite of Phelps. Shinji drives his lead arm
forward, almost two feet beneath the water, rather than grabbing near the surface and pulling.
Rather than focusing on kicking,
Shinji appears to eliminate it altogether. No paddleboard workouts to be found. Shinji often
trains freestyle stroke with closed fists or by pointing his index finger forward and keeping the
arms entirely underwater. Phelps, on the other hand, looks like he's attached to an outboard
motor. It's a heroic output of horsepower.
Shinji has been watched millions of times because he offers the flip side,
effortless propulsion. So who would you rather have as a teacher, Phelps or Shinji? Arthur Jones,
founder of Nautilus, when asked how to gain muscular mass quickly, recommend the following,
and I paraphrase. Approach the biggest bodybuilder at your gym, ideally a ripped 250 to 300 pound professional, and politely ask him for detailed advice. Then do precisely the
opposite. If the T-Rex sized meathead recommends 10 sets, do one set. If he recommends post-workout
protein, consume pre-workout protein, so on and so forth. Jones' tongue-in-cheek parable was used to highlight one of the dangers of hero worship.
And that is, the top 1% often succeed despite how they train, not because of it.
Superior genetics or a luxurious full-time schedule make up for a lot.
This is not to say that Phelps isn't technical.
Everything needs to be flawless to win 18 gold medals, of course.
It's the people a few rungs down, the best you realistically have access to,
whom you need to be wary of.
And then there is the second danger of hero worship.
Career specialists often can't externalize what they've internalized.
Second nature is very hard to teach.
And this is true across industries.
As Eric Kosselman, executive chef of Kakari, my favorite Greek restaurant in San Francisco, said to me, I've been my novice questioning,
the problem with me is I've always been a cook. I don't remember ever wanting to be something else.
Daniel Berka, a designer at Google and the co-founder of a tech startup called Milk echoes the sentiment.
I don't think I'd be particularly good at teaching the basics of CSS,
a language used for the look and formatting of webpages.
Now I do 12 things at once and they all make sense.
I can't remember which of those was confusing when I was just starting out.
These top 0.01% who've spent a lifetime honing their craft are invaluable in later stages, but they are not ideal if you want to rock it off the ground floor. The Shinji Takeuchis, on the other hand,
the rare anomalies who've gone from zero to the global top 5% record time, despite mediocre raw
materials, are worth their weight in gold. I've spent the last 15 years finding the Shinjis of the world and trying to model them.
Inhaling hormones. What could go wrong?
My interest in accelerated learning started at a biochemical level.
In 1996, as a planned neuroscience major at Princeton University,
I began experimenting with a panoply of smart drugs, otherwise known as nootropics.
I'd imported to the U.S. under the FDA personal importation policy.
Footnote, this is not something I recommend.
One mistake, and you're illegally trafficking drugs, which the federales frown upon.
Back to the text.
After four weeks, I'd fine-tuned a routine for Mandarin Chinese character quizzes.
Fifteen minutes prior to class, I would administer two hits of vaporized
desmopressin in each nostril. Desmopressin is a synthetic version of vasopressin, a naturally
occurring antidiuretic and peptide hormone. As a nasal spray, it's often prescribed for children
who bed wet past a certain age. Not my problem. I was more interested in its off-label applications
for short-term memory. Putting theory into practice, it looked like this.
Step number one, two hits of desmopression in each nostril.
Step number two, flip through characters in a book called Chinese Prima, character text,
almost as quickly as I could turn the pages.
Step number three, score 100% on the quiz five to ten minutes later.
Footnote.
If you'd like the opposite effect, go binge drinking, perhaps.
Excessive alcohol inhibits vasopressin release,
which explains the peeing every ten minutes,
followed by time travel, i.e. blocking out or forgetting everything.
Back to my quizzes.
This method was fantastically reliable.
But after a few months of testing hydrogen, oxiracetam, and combinations of dozens of other drugs, surprise, surprise,
headaches set in and a thought occurred. Perhaps snorting anti-diuretic hormones
isn't the best long-term strategy. And my dorm bathroom had also started to resemble a meth lab,
which was repelling girls a very high priority at the time.
So I shifted my obsession from molecules to process.
Was it possible to develop a sequence or a blueprint that would allow me to learn anything faster?
Any subject, any sport, anything at all?
I suspected so.
I'd glimpsed one piece of the puzzle four years earlier in 1992.
Material beats method. In 1992, I was 15 years old and had landed in Japan for my first extended trip abroad. I would be an exchange
student at Seikei Gakuen High School for one year. For those interested, it's in Kijijoji.
On the first day of classes, I reported to the faculty lounge in my required navy blue uniform,
looking like a West Point cadet, with a high collar, the whole nine yards.
I nervously awaited my student chaperone, who would be taking me to my home class,
the group of 40 or so students I'd be spending most of my time with.
One of the faculty members noticed me sitting in a corner and approached.
Ah, Tim-kun, he said with a wave.
Kun is kind of like san, but used to address male
inferiors. This is, he said as he pointed at a mysterious piece of paper. I could barely manage
greetings, so he held an English teacher to explain the document. The page, written entirely
in characters I couldn't read, detailed my daily schedule, as it turned out. Then the English teacher translated.
Physics, mathematics, world history,
traditional Japanese, and on it went.
That's when panic set in.
I'd only had a few months of rudimentary Japanese prior to arrival,
and my teachers in the U.S. had reassured me with,
don't worry, you'll have plenty of Japanese classes.
Now, irretrievably
in Tokyo, I realized I was dealing with a major lost-in-translation screw-up. Quote,
Japanese classes hadn't meant language classes. For the entire year ahead, I was to attend normal
Japanese high school classes alongside 5,000 Japanese students prepping for university exams,
and so this is when I pooped my pampers. I proceeded to flounder horribly just as I'd failed with Spanish in junior high.
Sadly, as a lot of people conclude, it seemed I was simply bad at languages.
Six months into my exchange, I was ready to go home.
Then Lady Luck smiled upon me.
I stumbled upon a poster while looking for the Book of Five Rings, written by
Miyamoto Musashi, in the Kinokuniya bookstore in Shinjuku. This poster, which I still have on my
wall 20 years later, contains all 1,945 of the Jyoyo Kanji, the characters designated for basic
literacy by the Japanese Ministry of Education. Most newspapers and magazines limit themselves to using the joyo kanji.
So, for all practical purposes, this means that if you know the meaning-rich characters
on this one poster, you know Japanese, including all the most important verbs.
Japanese on one page!
So to me, holy shit, that was quite the discovery.
Language is infinitely expansive, much like cooking, and therefore horribly overwhelming if unfiltered.
This poster was a revelation.
It brought to light the most important lesson of language learning.
And that is, what you study is more important than how you study.
Students are subordinate to materials, much like novice cooks are subordinate
to recipes. If you select the wrong material, the wrong textbook, the wrong group of words,
it doesn't matter how much or how well you study. It doesn't matter how good your teacher is.
One must find the highest frequency material. Material beats method. The authors of most Japanese language books appeared to think that
reading the Asahi Shimbun, that is the Asahi newspaper, was the only litmus test for Japanese
mastery. For a high school student, and even now for that matter, reading the Asahi Shimbun is about
as interesting as watching paint dry. Fortunately, as long as you hit the highest frequency material,
I learned that content matters very, very little.
My panacea, it turned out, was judo textbooks.
Though the vocabulary, think ingredients, was highly specialized,
I eclipsed the grammatical ability of four- and five-year students of Japanese after two months of studying judo.
Why? Because the grammar, think cooking methods, were universal.
The principles transferred to everything else.
I came back to the U.S. after Tokyo and scored higher on the Japanese SAT II than a friend who was a native speaker.
By high school graduation in 1995, I'd developed two simple lenses through which I viewed language learning methods and learning in general.
1. Is the method effective?
Have you narrowed down your material to the highest frequency?
Second, is the method sustainable?
Have you chosen a schedule and subject matter that you can stick with or at least put up with until reaching fluency?
Will you actually swallow the pill you've prescribed yourself, in other words?
Alas, there is still one missing piece, Efficiency. If effectiveness is doing the right things,
efficiency is doing things right. Martin Luther King Jr. famously remarked that just as too long
delayed is just as denied. Learning is similar. Speed determines its value. Even with the best
material, if your time to fluency is 20 years, your return on investment, ROI, is terrible.
Though 1996 heralded itself with Vasopressin and its cousins taking me to the biochemical level for immediate payoff, it wasn't until 1999 that I returned to the hardest part, the most slippery element of the puzzle, the method.
Again, thinking of efficiency. The catalyst came
serendipitously one evening on Witherspoon Street in downtown Princeton. I was heads down working on
my senior thesis, a sexy tome entitled Acquisition of Japanese Kanji, Conventional Practice and
Mnemonic Supplementation. And I developed a phone friendship with Dr. Bernie Ferrier, then Director
of Curriculum and Development at the World Headquarters of Berlitz International,
conveniently located only miles from campus.
He'd invite me out to a jacket and tie dinner, and I put on my fanciest,
corduroys, an ill-fitting sports coat, and a counterfeit polo shirt.
It was a glorious feast, and Bernie was a gracious host.
He knew his languages, and the red wine flowed, which I
couldn't afford at the time, by the way. We shared war stories from the linguistic trenches, lessons
learned, comedic mistakes, and cultural faux pas. Bernie shared his French adventures, and I told
him about the time I asked my Japanese host mother to rape me at 8 a.m. the next morning.
Ah, just one vowel off, but okasu, to rape, was not okosu, to wake up.
He roared.
And it went on and on.
And by the time dessert came around, Bernie paused and said,
You know, it's a shame you're not graduating earlier,
as we have this project starting soon you'd be perfect for.
The project was helping redesign their introductory Japanese curriculum,
which doubled as an opportunity to revisit their English curriculum,
which then accounted for 70% of their roughly 5 million lessons a year at 320 language centers
around the globe. Imagine wandering into your local guitar shop and approaching the high school
intern behind the counter. Hey kid, how would you like to tune the London Philharmonic Orchestra?
They have a live gig in Central Park next week and it'll be broadcast into 50 countries. You in? I felt like that kid. So, much to perhaps my parents' chagrin,
at least briefly, I left Princeton in the middle of my senior year, just months before graduation,
to pursue this love of language. I worked for Berlitz, then, itching to test new ideas immediately,
traveled to Taiwan, where many of the pieces started to fall into place for DIS, which I'll explain shortly. Then I did something odd. I applied the same DIS process
to learning kickboxing and, less than two months later, won the Chinese National Kickboxing
Championships at 165 pounds. Flash forward to 2005. I'd spent six years testing different
approaches to natural languages. Here's what
my language acquisition times looked like in order, using standardized testing for all but Chinese.
Japanese, one year. Mandarin Chinese, six months. German, three months. Spanish, eight weeks. Now,
you must recall that at age 15, I'd failed to learn enough Spanish to hold a basic conversation.
Now people were lauding me for being good at languages or congratulating me on being
quote gifted, end quote. It was pretty hysterical to me. I just had a better instruction manual.
It had nothing to do with my raw attributes. In 2005, I traveled the world as a digital
nomad, an experience that I later chronicled in the four-hour work week.
I focused on language to conquer the loneliness. This ranged from Irish Gaelic to Norwegian to German to Spanish, including the Lunfardo dialect in Argentina.
Anything I came into contact with.
The refinement continued through 2010 and to the present.
I vetted the process on Turkish, Greek, and other languages over shorter one to
two week periods. The DISC process I used was effective for acquiring declarative, that is,
facts and figures knowledge. For instance, memorizing serial numbers, remembering where
your car is parked. It also worked incredibly well for what's known as procedural or action
knowledge. For instance, practicing judo, riding a bike, driving a car.
It even worked for hybrids, such as writing Chinese characters.
None of this is said to impress you. It's said to impress upon you, however, that there is a
repeatable process that hundreds of readers, that is of my blog and other books, have used to
replicate my results. It is possible to become world-class and to the top 5% of performers in the world
in almost any subject within 6 to 12 months, or even, in some cases, 6 to 12 weeks.
There is a recipe, and the real recipe in this book, and that is DIS.
D-I-S-S-S.
The recipe for learning any skill is encapsulated in this acronym. How to remember it?
The 1980s, cultural contribution to modern English. DISS, to diss someone. Just remember
DISS with an extra S. That is D-I-S-S-S. If you're a gamer and know PS3, that is PlayStation 3,
just think of DS3. So here's the sequence. D stands for deconstruction. And in that step,
you answer the question, what are the minimal learnable units, the Lego blocks, I should be
starting with? The first S is selection. Which 20% of the blocks should I focus on for 80% or more of
the outcomes I want? You may have noted that we ignored the I,
so just use it to remember the word. That's it. Second S is sequencing. In what order should I
learn the blocks? And then the last S is stakes. How do I set up stakes? S-T-A-K-E-S, that is,
not steaks that you cook. How do I set up stakes to create real consequences and guarantee I follow the program?
CAFE.
That's uppercase C, lowercase a, uppercase F, and E.
There are several secondary principles that, while very helpful, I use all three constantly, are not required.
Here, CAFE is the acronym, so you can think of it as a secondary framework for accelerated learning even further.
First C, the only C I suppose, stands for compression.
Can I encapsulate the most important 20% into an easily graspable one pager?
F, frequency.
How frequently should I practice?
Can I cram and what should my schedule look like?
What growing pains can I predict?
What is the minimum effective dose, otherwise known as the MED, for volume?
And the E stands for encoding.
How do I anchor the new material to what I already know for rapid recall?
Acronyms like DIS and CAFE are examples of encoding.
Deconstruction is best thought of as exploration.
This is where we throw a lot on the wall to see what sticks,
where we flip things upside down and look at what the outliers are doing differently, and also what they're not doing at all.
First and foremost is where we answer the question,
how do I break this amorphous so-called skill into small, manageable pieces?
Just as with literal deconstruction, taking a building apart, for instance, or demolishing something,
breaking it apart, whatever it might be, dissecting something, you need the right tool for the job. And in our case,
one of the best tactics is interviewing. Here is a real world example of how I've used interviewing to learn just about any skill. And I include the exact questions that I asked and still ask.
A while back, this is probably a few years ago, I was sharing drinks with startup
vet Babak Nivi. You may have met the guy, co-founder of AngelList, angel.co. You can check it out.
We were discussing the deconstruction of various skills when he randomly suggested,
if you ever want to deconstruct basketball, I have the DVD for you,
Better Basketball. And that is how a lot got started. Now, ever since seventh grade,
when a PE teacher told me I dribbled like a caveman, which I did, I'd written basketball off.
So I said, thanks, but no thanks. And that was my answer to Nivi. But lo and behold, three years
later, I found myself watching a Lakers game with my friend Kevin Rose and his wife Daria,
a Lakers fanatic. Their dog
even had a Lakers jersey on. And it's then that I had an epiphany. Even if I have zero interest in
playing basketball, perhaps learning the fundamentals over a weekend would allow me to
love watching it. That's when I asked Nibi to point me to the master, Rick Torbett, the founder
of Better Basketball. Rick has coached entire teams to shoot better than 40% for three consecutive seasons.
To put that in perspective, in the last decade, only one NBA team, the Phoenix Suns, came close to 40% from the three-point line.
To dissect his unusual success and his process, I started by emailing a bunch of interview questions, the answers to which I'll share with you shortly
But let's start with the general process
first create a list of people to interview
Seems self-evident I suppose if you're going to go for high-level athletics for instance one use Wikipedia to find out who was the best
Or second best is often ideal in the world five to ten years ago or two to four Olympics ago,
since those currently in the limelight are less likely to respond.
Number two, search Google for, quote, insert your city, insert sport, insert Olympian or world champion or world record, end quote.
Hypothetically, I might look for San Francisco bobsled Olympian, which gets me to a team doctor, perfect for a
first lead. Next step, make first contact and provide context. Dude, do me a favor, is not a
compelling pitch, as much as I receive it myself. The proposed interview should somehow benefit
your contact. The path of least resistance is to freelance write for a blog, newsletter, or local
newspaper and do a piece on this person and his or her methods, or to quote him or her on a related topic as an expert.
For instance, expert predictions for Winter Olympics or something like that. Once you're in
the door, ask your expert all the questions that you'd like. Are you terrible at writing? No
problem. Make it a Q&A format and simply print the relevant questions and answers. On the other hand,
if they coach and do hourly consultations, you could also just pay for a telephone or Skype session.
Last step, ask your questions. When I was looking into ultra endurance for the 4-Hour Body,
I sent different combinations of the following questions to people like the legendary Scott
Jurek, who won the Western States 100, a mountainous 100-mile race, a record seven times.
Who is good at ultra running despite being poorly built for it?
Who is good at this who shouldn't be?
Who are the most controversial or unorthodox runners or trainers?
Why?
What do you think of them?
Who are the most impressive lesser-known teachers?
What makes you different?
Who trained you or influenced you? Have you trained others
to do this? Have they replicated your results? What are the biggest mistakes and myths that you
see in ultra running training? What are the biggest wastes of time? This is a really important one.
What are your favorite instructional books or resources on the subject? If people had to teach themselves, what would you suggest they use?
If you were to train me for four weeks for a, fill in the blank, competition and had a million dollars on the line, what would the training look like?
What if I trained for eight weeks?
In the case of basketball, I started by sending Rick four questions related to shooting.
Number one.
First, what are the biggest mistakes novices make when shooting or practicing shooting?
What are the biggest misuses of time?
That should sound familiar.
Number two.
Even at the pro level, what mistakes are most common?
Number three.
What are your key principles for better, more consistent shooting?
What are they for foul shots, free
throws that is, versus three-pointers? What does the progression of exercises look like? That's
the fourth and the final. I received his email responses and two days later hit nine out of ten
free throws for the first time in my life. Then on Christmas Eve, I went bowling and realized that
many of the same principles applied. Remember we talked about transfer. I scored 124, my first time over 100, and an Everest above my
usual 50 to 70 points. Embarrassing, yes. Upon returning home, I immediately went outside and
sunk the first two three-pointers of my life. For Lakers games with the Roses, I now see a ballet
of kinesthetic beauty that was completely invisible before. That is a hell of a lot of fun. Hey guys, this is Tim again. Just a few more things before
you take off. Number one, this is five bullet Friday. Do you want to get a short email from me?
Would you enjoy getting a short email from me every Friday that provides a little morsel of
fun before the weekend? And five bullet Friday is a very short email from me every Friday that provides a little morsel of fun before the
weekend. And Five Bullet Friday is a very short email where I share the coolest things I've found
or that I've been pondering over the week. That could include favorite new albums that I've
discovered. It could include gizmos and gadgets and all sorts of weird shit that I've somehow dug
up in the world of the esoteric as I do. It could include favorite articles that I've read and that
I've shared with my close friends, for instance. And it's very short. It's just a little tiny bite
of goodness before you head off for the weekend. So if you want to receive that, check it out.
Just go to 4hourworkweek.com. That's 4hourworkweek.com all spelled out and just drop in your email and
you will get the very next one. And if you sign up, I hope you enjoy it.
