The Underworld Podcast - The Brazilian Prison Gang Dominating South America: The PCC

Episode Date: November 22, 2022

In less than 3 decades, a Brazilian gang formed during a prison soccer tournament has become one of, if not the most powerful gang in all of Latin America, branching out from the jails cells, to the streets of Sao Paolo, to all over Latin America and working hand in hand with groups like the Ndranghetta, Russian mobsters, and a who’s who of global organized crime. This is the story of how the PCC, or The First Command of the Capital, took on the Brazilian state with everything from riots to attacks on police stations, holding the entire city of Sao Paolo, population 20 million, hostage and has since grown outwards in unrivaled expansion. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

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At First Citizens Bank, we roll with your goals because we're built for what you're building. Fit for your ambition for Citizens Bank. 1993 in Sao Paulo, Brazil. It starts like so many things do in this country with a soccer game, a tournament, really, in Tabate Prison. It's the kind of place the authorities send the worst are the worst inmates, which is no small feat in Brazil, a country with a notoriously brutal and violent and just straight-up horrific prison system. Even now, in 2022, every few months, you'll have stories of dozens of prisoners killed in random riots or gang wars. And back then, there's widespread torture, execution, suicide, just all that sort of stuff.

Less than a year before this soccer tournament in October 1992, one of the most horrific events to ever take place in the prison system there happens. The Carandiro massacre. Carindiro is also one of the worst prisons in Brazil, just insanely overcorps. crowded with terrible conditions, knives everywhere, and it's actually inside the city of Sao Paulo, right? It's this booming city of business, and right smack inside is a prison with 7,000 prisoners overseen by only 100 guards, which means, of course, the prisoners pretty much run it. This particular day, the inmates riot, not exactly an infrequent occurrence, but the military is called to put it down, and they do it viciously and excessively. A hundred and eleven prisoners are

killed by the military police after they stormed the prison. Many are found to have been executed. An investigation showed that only something like 500 shells are found to have been used, which means they were just lining people up and shooting them in the head. This shocks the country of Brazil and also sends a pretty brutal message to the inmates of Sao Paulo's jail cells. All of this is in the back of the minds of the men in Tabate, which is like the ADX foreign supermax of Brazil.

But for some reason, the war-nought-exed. at this prison decides to let the prisoners have a soccer tournament, and they form teams. One group of eight men names their teams the first command of the capital, the PCC for short, and they win a few games before heading to the championship round. The eight guys on the PCC team, they're the only guys in the tournament from the actual city of Sao Paulo, according to journalist Leonardo Cateenho. The other prisoners, many of them from the outside of the city, they don't like them because of that. But this isn't the longest yard, and it's not going to be pretty or uplifting.

There's all sorts of taunts and threats. The opposing team tells the PCC that they're going to drink their blood. It's not the kind of thing you can let stand in a place like that. The PCC is led by a guy named Big Jelly, a real killer, and his co-captain is Little Caesar, a middle-class kid who called his first body at 12 and goes on to become their chief executioner. As both teams are walking out to the pitch to play the game. The guards are nowhere to be seen. The PCC guys seize on the moment in attack, and within minutes have killed five members of the opposing team.

Remember, though, these victims aren't exactly easy marks. They're also killers and career criminals, the worst of the worst. As a Fanny Fair article from 2008 reads, quote, In doing so, the PCC had also condemned themselves to lives of unending vigilance and strength, since every one of the dead men had family or friends who might try to take revenge. Afterward, they swore a public vow of mutual defense.

Through the telegraph, they declared, we are united forever now. Whatever happens to one happens to all. We will never betray each other. We are brothers for life. But it's not just other prison gangs that PCC swear to take on. They're going to go after the prison guards, the prison officials, the politicians. They're going to go after the whole. whole prison system. And they're going to do it brutally and with discipline. And then they're going to go

after the police, the government, hell, they're going to go after the entire state and somehow, in less than three decades, become one of, if not the most powerful gang in all of Latin America, branching out from the jail cells to the streets of South Paulo to all over the continent and working hand in hand with groups like the Andrangeta, Russian mobsters, and a who's who of global organized crime. This is the Underworld podcast. We're a podcast where every week we take you inside the stories of global organized crime and everything that goes with it. We are two journalists that have traveled all over the world, reporting on crime and conflict and crises and everything like that. My name is Danny Gold, and with me as always is Sean Williams, who happens to be recording on his cell phone because he's on vacation again.

and forgot all his equipment, but you know, it is what it is. Yeah, we come every week, right? That's what we do. We make shows every week, except for the last, what, like 15 weeks or something? Right, right. So, yeah, we got to apologize to everyone. We got all your emails and stuff. We're really sorry.

We're late on this. We owe you an explanation. We were working on a deal with a massive entertainment company. I'm not going to name any names, but maybe they should stick to making video game systems. Anyway, they dig us around with a really crummy contract for months. And like, look, the thing is, these companies still think it's 2009, right? Or that we're in, like, magazines or video. And in the podcast world, we don't, especially for our podcast, we don't need them.

Like, we make this show ourselves. We can put it on iTunes and Spotify ourselves. All we need them for is promo and selling ads. So we're not going to get on our knees and we're not going to get nickel and dimes. And it was a very frustrating experience. But luckily, we found a new company to sell ads. and we're still going to be completely creatively independent. You know, we've been talking,

we might have to actually put like the end of two episodes a month on paywall. We're going to set up the iTunes thing so you can do it like one touch button. Patreon.com slash in the world podcast. We've got bonus episodes up there already. Hopefully it won't, it won't come to that. But support independent media, you know, help us out. Yeah. And Sean, anything, anything else?

I mean, no, I mean, apart from me being on 40th holiday the year, And a couple of your old colleagues swooping in last second for a shot of the dick of the year award as well. That was a turn up today. Yeah, guys, we're not going to help you out for free, especially if I used to work for you and your company's all. Like, we're not going to help you out for free. Don't ask us to rip off our stuff and do all the work for you. Don't do that. If you're not going to pay us, yeah, come on.

Anyway, there's a couple of people right now who owe us money from some of the other stuff. And I just, like, I am feeling particularly deranged. Like, we're doing things politely at the moment. but like I'm losing my mind and like we will do an episode on you. Oh no seriously. Yeah. We find information for a living. I'm way worse people than you.

Like, and not just me. Like my friends are the ones who find the shell companies, the shell companies, the shell companies for the worst people on earth. Like we, I won't stop. Like I'm losing my mind. Pay us the money you owe us. Sean, you might have to make an episode about me if we don't get paid. Yeah, I mean, I'm laughing, but this has been,

this has been absolutely infuriating. And I'm all for it. I think we could all kind of crowd fund some kind of trip for you, some other part of the U.S. where maybe this will be more effective. Anyway, stop. You know, we don't podcast your crimes either. Anyway, sorry about that. We're going on too long.

Lastly, shout out to the criticals, amazing band that loves the show. They had me out. Just really good, like 2000s, New York-style rock. Go see them if you can. But yeah, let's get it going. All right. Bonus stuff up on the Patreon for a couple of dollars a month at patreon. dot com slash the underworld podcast

website underworldpod.com for merch and all that other fun stuff. Hope the summer was good for all of you. You know, we took a break and we're just, we're ready to go right now man. Sean, tell us an interesting anecdote. Oh, Christ. All right, I'm about spontaneous as a German

armed shipment. So I hanged though, I was at this French woman's house in Toulouse once I ate in way too much cheese and drunk way too much box wine. I woke up in the morning and the sheets were complete. What? Oh. Oh, you mean, oh, you mean something like cool and journalistic? Yeah, shit.

Okay, so I guess I'm heading out to Kathmandu tomorrow. And this time in about 24 hours I'm going to be getting a three-hour massage somewhere. So is that an anecdote or is that kind of more of a rag? These are both. These are both bad. Okay. Yeah. Well, I mean, that was a pretty mad intro anyway.

Is that based on the Langavisha story, the William Langavisha one from a while back? Yeah, he, I used that a lot, actually. That's, like, one of the best articles I think I've written on a gang That's the Vanity Fair article. There was also a, I mean, the reason I wanted to do the PCC, you know, we did the Red Command, which is the earliest Brazilian gang way, maybe 30 or 40 episodes back. But HBO Max just put up this amazing Brazilian documentary. It's a four-part series about the PCC. So I use a lot of that as the source here.

How do you say the guy's name? You're in Berlin. Yeah, I don't know. This is America, right? So it's Langavisha, but I don't know if that's how he pronounces it. I just read his book, actually, the Atomic Bazaar. It's incredible. He's such a great journalist.

amazing reporters. So I use a lot of that article and this documentary. And then, of course, inside crime. You know, those guys always have great stuff. And we use a lot of their stuff as our sources for this. So, yeah, PCC, First Command of Capital, the massive Brazilian super gang that is taking the international drug trafficking world by storm.

Go back if you want more of an overview of Brazil and the gang system to our Red Command episode, which is maybe like 40 or 50 back. I think it was one of the first 20 we did. Those guys, they're based at a Rio. and they're actually warring with the PCC right now after they had a truce for a long time. That episode, we go a bit deeper into the history of Brazil and the politics,

what happened in the 60s, 70s, and 80s, but we're kind of gonna gloss over that a little bit in this one because there's just so much to get through with this gang right now. Brazil, for those who don't know, has by far the most murders that have any country in the world right now,

not per capita, but just the most, especially the cities. It's insane there. It also has the world's third largest prison system and it's grown like crazy the last 30 years. In 1990, one out of every 1,600 Brazilians was in jail, and in 2019, that number was one in every 292, which is, you know, it's not good.

Not doing well. Of course, I think the top two are the U.S. and China, although the U.S.'s population, I think, has been going down steadily the last decade or two, but I'm not 100% on that. I should definitely have cleared that up. Anyway, South Paulo is a state, and, you know, the city in the state.

It's a booming megacity. 20 million people. One of the biggest cities in the world and one of the top 20 economic powerhouse cities in the world. It's got a big stock exchange, banking, auto industry, textile, farm, all that. It's Brazil's wealthiest city, 3,000 square miles, skyscrapers, right next to favelas, all next to each other, you know, all pushed in together. And it's got a horrifically broken justice system, terrible police brutality, endemic corruption,

income inequality and really just separate societies in a way, but also very attractive people. Silver lining. I mean, it must be a contender for the least well-covered major city in the world, right? I feel like I've barely known anyone who's been there, have you? I have a couple of friends that I've reported that are reporters in Brazil right now. My buddy, Andy, who works for one of the major financial newspapers. He was in Venezuela for a while, but he's based there now. So he was in town a little while ago. He's an amazing guy. He kind of looks like he's got a real Dennis the Menace thing going on. You know,

like he just looks like a like a howdy, duty-ass dude. But this dude was like in the streets of Venezuela forever. And now he's in Brazil. And like, he's just like a badass dude who looks like he should be, you know, causing mischief,

like stealing pies from windowsills. Game on show. Sounds amazing. Yeah, I should interview him. He's, I mean, he was in Venezuela for years and he got like respect from people I know that

have reported there that, yeah, I mean, Venezuela too, when you're reporting there, like people get robbed. There's an American network that I won't name that I'm familiar with that, you know, contacted a bunch of my friends who report a lot in Venezuela to ask their advice on stuff.

And they were like, don't do this. And of course, they went and did that. And they got robbed, like, almost right away for like six figures worth of camera equipment. You know, it's no joke. Anyway, so Andy survived all that. He's over there. But yeah, there's just a dearth of, I think, good reporting that makes it. Not that there are a dearth of good reporters there, but we don't see a lot for a major population

Center like Brazil. I feel like I don't. Then again, I'm one of those people. Like, I hate when people complain that mainstream media doesn't cover something. They're not looking for it. Yeah, it's a country I definitely wish I knew more about. In the article that Langstworth writes, which is one of the best Long Form magazine articles I've ever seen on a gang, he talks about the genesis of the PCC and how that prison massacre I mentioned early on plays such a big role. Sal Paolo was this booming city, huge economic powerhouse, but you had this extremely high levels. of inequality, the rich were isolated in their neighborhoods, you know, with armed guards and all that, and the poor who were building up these shanty towns, the favelas, they were left to their own devices.

And crime just grows out of control. There's a sense of lawlessness. This is in the 70s and 80s. So the state cracks down with this notoriously corrupt police force going out harsh sentences. And naturally, the prisons overcrowed after this and become these horrific, brutal places where, you know, rapist, common, intravenous drug use, torture, isolation, STDs, like hepatitis and AIDS are just endemic. And the prison guards, they're just brutal too. And that's the system where the PCC starts getting going. And you know, the only prisons and jail cells

I've really spent time in as a reporter or in the U.S. Or in El Salvador where things can get similar. Though I actually don't think they're nearly as bad as Brazil from what I've read. But you kind of see how things are run in a system like that, how people have to live there. You know, I've been where you have those photos of the MS-13 guys where they're all crowded in together.

The Bartolo's, I think, was the, I might be mispronouncing that word, which are the holding cells first where they're really crowded, but the jails themselves, you know, those infamous photos of people packed in, like I've seen that and it's ugly. And you can see why some prisoners would certainly crave some sort of system, something to keep things organized, which the PCC ends up representing. Yeah, I've seen that kind of thing in Manila. Actually, there's this famous huge prison there that's just grim, disgusting.

People like having to lie on top of each other pretty much being swept up in the drug war. I haven't done anything like that in a while. I was in Zurich in a prison earlier this year. That is exactly as organized as you'd expect. Yeah. Yeah. So we have this brutal prison system there where the state really isn't in control and there's new gang forms. But obviously it's prison, so there's other gangs there as well.

But this PCC guys, they go right to work. They kill some of the other toughest prisoners in Tabate and they start expanding. They later really take on some of the revolutionary rhetoric of the Red Command, who we did that episode on that I keep mentioning, but they were sort of different from your typical prison gang. They had loftier ideals, kind of from the start. They were big on preaching against the injustice of the state, of the police, and especially of the prison system.

Peace, justice, freedom, inequality was their thing. They launched this 16-point code of conduct, these statutes, that they have to abide by their rules. It says things like Article 13. they have to remain united to prevent a massacre from happening again. Article 14, priorities to pressure the state governor to ease jail restrictions. And it has other rules, too, about drug use, about snitching, about disallowing rape in the prisons, which had been a huge problem.

And they go really, really hard on the brotherhood and discipline. A lot of the experts I read will tell you the brotherhood thing and the discipline, their codes and sticking with it, are really what make the difference. I mean, they're aggressively violent and murderous, actually kind of barbaric when it comes down to it, and they dole out that violence according to their system. But they really have this whole thing. It kind of feels like me like a combination almost of what you see with like street gangs and the mafia, like a mixture of those two coming together.

Says a Brazilian official on HBO doc, quote, everything there is resolved with the death penalty, right? Maybe that's why the organization works so well, because there is no middle ground. If you don't do what they want, you die. That sounds like a rule of law we can all aspire to. Yeah, but it also, I mean, you'll see. as it goes on, right, their whole thing is that like they're not,

they dole that out, but they slow down the other sort of more anarchic murders that were going on. So it's kind of like a weird tit for tat thing. And they call their other members brothers. Each actually has to pay a fee to belong, right? But in the beginning, money and money making isn't really a focus.

The leaders, they're not trying to live like opulent, gaudy cartel bosses. They also have like, you know, ceremonial stuff, which you know, everyone likes a bit of ceremony. Though it seems like they really played into mystique a little more than your average gang jump in. They call it the circle of blood ceremony, and when you get in, they call it getting baptized. So, like, I'm generally a skeptic of the whole revolutionary erratic thing when it comes to

groups like this, but this struck me as one of those criminal organizations. It sort of masquerades a little bit as a revolutionary movement or did at first, and then it kind of grew into it a little bit, and you'll see why. But it's kind of the opposite of that leader in the 18th Street gang I talk about in the El Salvador episode that I interviewed Santiago, who, you know, He was this guy who was a big player in the 18th Street gang. He's actually, he's in the documentary that I made for Vice, who now is trying to claim that 18th Street and the gangs are like the voice of the poor,

even though the poor are the people they terrorize. You know, I don't doubt, obviously, that these gangs, they're definitely a growth, a reflection of the existence of this injustice and brutality. But 18th Street, like, you know, they have no loftier ideals, right? They have no, they can't really claim to have this rhetoric because they haven't abided by it all. The PCC is going to have a bit more. more of like a, you know, a bit more of what they're doing, and you'll see that and you'll hear that.

Here's the Vanity Fair article again, breaking it down along with their expansion. Quote, though it was ruthless, it was also judicious and cool. It murdered spectacularly, but only in calculation of need. What it had that the competing factions lacked was discipline. The discipline was based on a moral code that enhanced the existing prison rules and included an insistence on better living conditions and prisoners' rights. The PCC was a criminal gang, but also a political force, albeit an absurdly self-righteous one. Prisoners were attracted to the group because it brought order to their lives and gave them purpose, protection, and power.

There were obligations. PCC followers lived by its laws under penalty of death. Those who formerly joined became brothers for life. They were initiated with a baptism involving water and had to sign a 16-point manifesto that still serves as the PCC's constitution. The 16th point was a declaration of the group's intent. It stated, no one can stop our struggle because the seat of the command has spread throughout the prison system of the state. And we are also succeeding and establishing ourselves on the outside. We will revolutionize the country from inside the prisons.

And our strong arm will be the terror of the powerful. And they've got the gift of the gab for sure. It's like they're telling young men exactly what they want to hear, right? You can see why it's so appealing. Like, you're not alone. We've got your back. you've got a team to bat for, but also, you know, your violence is okay, it's righteous, it's good, it sounds a bit like toxic masculinity if you ask me.

Someone needs to have word with these guys. You should go to Brazil and give that a shot and see how it works out for you. At first, I didn't think it was real. I woke up to this blinding light and I was transported to another place. Pluto TV. Then I heard a voice. Come with me if you want to live. There were thousands of movies and shows and they were all full.

The truth is ours. It's just so beautiful. On Pluto TV, free streaming of Terminator 2, Fringe Arrow, the 100 N-E-X files may cause excitement, loss of sleep, and sudden belief in extraterrestrials. No credit cards or alien encounters necessary. Pluto TV, stream now, pay never. Save now at Whole Foods Market. It's the summer splash event, with great everyday prices on 365 brand ground beef for the grill and ice cream for dessert. They have yellow sales signs on ready-to-cook beef or chicken kebabs, too. Level up with savory marinate, spices, and rubs, and complete your cookout with a crowd-pleasing cherry pie and their balsamic chicken salad, available at the prepared foods counter. Get Summer Splash Savings now at Whole Foods Market. So, you know, they even have a little bit of, like I said, the real Sicilian mafia thing going, the blood oaths, the ceremony, and this baptism.

And of course, the state and prison officials, they're really slow to catch on to what's going on. and then when they see the gang expanding, they do the head in the same thing, pretend it doesn't exist. They move some of the leadership around to other prisons where they're not heavy, expecting them to die out. But of course, you know, instead, they just expand.

And I feel like that's such a common trope, right? This method of getting rid of prison gangs is to send some of these leadership guys around, but it always seems like it backfires. It always just makes the gangs grow more. At one point in 1995, big jailing and little Caesar, they're shipped to other state prisons

after a fight with another gang. And of course, they keep spreading the war to the PCC to those states. They start riots. And then the authorities get fed up with them and just ship them home. And the spread of it, the speed is really something. Remember, it's not like other prison gangs didn't exist. But this whole brotherhood thing, the discipline, the ceremony, the brutality, all of it combines into this tornado.

Here's inside crime, quote, once the South Apollo jails were under the command, the PCC sought to create more order. It organized where people slept. It designated leaders of the cell blocks who assigned people to clean the cells, among other duties. It began to resolve disputes between cellmates, ending fights over provisions, accusations of theft, petty jealousies, disruptive behavior, and drug abuse, especially of crack cocaine, which was eventually prohibited in PCC control prisons. I just, I keep thinking of Goodfellas, you know, where they call Pauly basically the police for guys who couldn't go to the police. That's what none of the cops understood, right?

That's the simplest way of describing a major attribute of organized crime, right? Organized. And the ones at the top, the adjudicators, whatever you want to call it, they hold the power. Yeah, man. It's just like Sam Taylor post from Pat's boss. Well, daddy pig, you know? Like, the man's the man in the end. Yeah.

A big thing that happens, too, in the mid to late 90s is that cell phones appear on the scene. The PCC is already taken over the jails all over Sao Paulo, right? But the cell phones allow them to communicate with the outside and the street. And of course, sort of like, you know, the way the Mexican mafia is in West Coast prisons, right? If you control the prisons, eventually you're going to control the streets too because your people are going to be cycling in and out, especially in Brazil where people even escape prison all the time or let go. And especially when the state is dominated by such a large, vicious prison system like right in the biggest city. And also all the criminals know, they'll eventually be in prison where the gang is in control. So they can't really fuck about with them.

Anyway, the cell phone allows for organization, communication, all that. The leaderships, I mean, they start having conference calls like every morning in the various prisons and all that and with people on the outside. Quote, they allowed the PCC to transcend the pettiness of location to rise even above prison walls and to operate without restraint in an ethereal world of communication. The group began to reshape itself away from the original pyramid design and tore the structure of semi-autonomous cells, which was so fluid and complex, it could not be pinned down. And that's again from the Vanity Fair Langauchwit article that I've been quoting. This is starting to sound more like they're building the organization's structure of a terror group than a gang, really. Right. And this was written, I think, this article in the late 2000s, and he brings that up, how that organization kind of fits in with a terror group in a way.

You know, that was late 2000s, obviously the focus was on Al-Qaeda and stuff like that. And he definitely makes that comparison in the article. In 1999, the PCC commits the largest bank robber in Brazilian history for 32 million Brazilian reales. That's actually something I found pretty interesting, too. Bank robbing was such a big thing in Brazil, especially in that time in Sao Paulo back then. And the bank robbers were kind of these, like, you know, romanticized characters there. They had a mystique and like a coolness to them. And you'll see that when we introduced the notorious Mercola.

They're also, they're taking over all the drug spots in the favelas as well in Sao Paulo, handling all the retail sales after having taken over the prison sales. And of course, you know, there's gang wars and shootouts in the streets. that are pretty vicious as they're trying to claim the territory from the gangs on the outside. Same thing like when they're taking over the prisons. But once they take over, right, things calm down because they're this dominant group. Think the Sinaloa cartel back like a decade ago. Basically, they have a competing monopoly on violence with the state.

And if you want to commit a murder, they're going to need to get there okay. Yeah, we've seen this in like shows on the Yakuza, Albania mafia, even the Taliban's similar kind of rule, rule of thumb. Right. Like they're in charge. Here's the economist in 2022. Quote, Since 1999, Sao Paulo's homicide rate has plunged by 80%.

It has gone from being one of the most dangerous places in Brazil to one of the safest. Although police take credit for the decline, academics point out that the biggest falls occur in the most violent suburbs at around the time that the PCC began to make its present felt in such places.

To end the gang wars in the 1990s, the group created its own power parallel court system in which the settled dispute, says Mr. Feltrown. It mediated among gang members, families, churches, and other members of civil society. But yeah, back to 1999-2000, big, jelling little Caesar, the two leaders that we know about, have been shifted around and isolated. Another leader, with their permission, rises up in their place, a guy they call Sombra. Sambra is basically running things in 2001 when all hell breaks loose and the PCC have their coming out party.

What's it called in like high society when they announced someone's entrance, like into emergence on the scene, like those parties? You know what I'm talking about? Oh, God. I think we used to call it getting hammered down the working men's club, but yeah, I'm pretty glad that neither of us knows this. It's like a Southern society thing, like one of those debut top ball or something like that.

I don't know, man. Anyway. No. Whatever, it's that. So they have that. According to this PCC member named Makaro, who is like a former high, high level member of the group who actually does a lengthy interview for the HBO doc I mentioned,

40 prisoners, 40 PCC prisoners, they're being transferred to an infamous prison known for torture. And 25 of them, they make this agreement that they're going to cause a massive riot. And because of the cell phones everywhere and the leadership spread out, they're able to coordinate what's likely the biggest prison riot the world has ever seen.

On February 18, 2001, 29 jail units across the state rise up. It's visiting, day. So they're also able to take 5,000 hostages, including dozens of employees. Some of them tie grenades around the necks of the employees. The police, they end up entering with troops. 15 detainees are killed. The hostages are released. Makaro says the PCC actually kind of loses out on this one, but afterward, no one can really doubt that they're there and that they have this power. Only a few months later, Somba's actually killed in prison in a power struggle between the

leadership. The PCC makes the prison system mourn for seven days. even though by most accounts they put him and his partner to death for growing too greedy and extorting other prisoners. And a civil war kind of emerges among the leadership about how the structure of the tops to work, how the gang should operate. And this is when Marcolla, who they call the playboy, emerges. Marcolla is this pickpocket, then he becomes an armed robber, kidnapper, that sort of thing. He's not a tried and true killer at the time. An insight crime has this breakdown of his bio. They say that he was born to a Bolivian father and Brazilian mother in 1968.

He was an orphan at nine living on the streets and kind of surviving by his wits. And his nickname comes partially from the slang term for a type of glue he sniffed as a kid. He's arrested for the first time for real in 1986 for a bank robbery. He does a number of other robberies, escapes from jail a few times, set-up shop in Paraguay, you know, plans and executes these big bank robberies in Brazil. And he gets the nickname Playboy because he was kind of big on fancy cars, nice watches, he dressed well. He was like a really smooth, slick operator.

Mark guy. He's actually caught in a fancy car in 1999 after having escaped from prison and he's been incarcerated ever since then. He's one of those guys, you know, the type that they always talk about these prison leaders who study McAvelli and Sun Tzu and read all that stuff. So he's got that that whole thing going for him, which is, I feel like almost a common trope when it comes to gang leaders and for prison gangs and all that. You know, they always hear that. The guy read Sun Tzu. He's Macaveli, all that. Sun Tzu is like 15 pages long, man. Yeah.

I read it. You know, I didn't get that much out of it, but maybe it's different when you're in prison. Two stars. Not great. He's still said to be the head of the PCC right now, you know, 20-something years later, which is incredible. And according to Langstwyth, he's actually in Tabate,

when the PCC is formed as the soccer team, he's playing with a different team, and he kind of watches the gang from afar, watches it grow bigger while still kind of playing the fringes. He said to have been a child. friend of Little Caesars, and he didn't join the PCC until 1998. He rises up the ranks really quickly, and there's this internal battling about who's going to have control.

He wanted to make the group more egalitarian. Little Caesar and Big Jelly kind of wanted too much power, and at some point the PCC leaders actually, the rival runs, they have his wife killed, and the assassin screams when he's doing it, this is for traitors. It also gets revealed during the Civil War that both Big Jelly and Little Caesar have been rapist, which is a lot of the same. is like a big no-no in the PCC world, which is part of the reason

they eventually end up getting kicked out. And in 2002, during this power struggle that's been ongoing, Marcolla puts a bounty on the heads of Big Jell and Little Caesar, the original leaders, and forces them out, effectively taking over.

Wait, is this entire episode just the founding myth of Little Caesar's restaurants? Have I missed something? Dude, I, you know, I've never had their pizza. I think I had it once, but I'm not,

if I'm going to go with, like, shitty fast food pizza, I'm going to go Dominoes or Papa Johns. Like, I don't, no Pizza Hutter Little Caesar. Yeah, I mean, they've hidden the rapist part pretty well in the adverts as well. I don't think we can, I don't think we can, allegedly. Allegedly, we got a...

Allegedly, Little Caesars is not run by sexual abusers. Yeah, don't, you know, they get, they get, uh, so they're loose with the lawsuits in this country. Watch it, watch it. So Marcolla, he does this thing that's really smart where he says, I don't really want to be the central box. Let's have a leadership of seven or eight people like a council. with a dozen or so alternates, and then 50 to 100 regional leaders,

where, you know, we'll vote on things. And he essentially, he gives up total power. And for this, he's revered even more. They call him the godfather. And he really helps bring the PCC to another level, like a serious level of organization. He's a shrewd businessman type, says the Financial Times, quote,

central to the professionalization of the PCC was the expansion of their system of syntonias or organizational divisions, responsible for a specific area. There were three basic syntonias to begin with, drug trafficking, internal discipline, and support for arrested members. Over time, the structure expanded

to include synonyas for legal support and countency and female members. That's really when they go for the whole peace, justice, freedom, inequality thing, the rhetoric really increases. Another thing that he helps put in place, you know, the lower ranking members, they've been getting kind of abused, right,

not treated good. They're doing crimes on the outside They're getting arrested. They're not getting any support, no money for the families, no pay lawyers. So he helps change things, right? The social aspect of the gang, that kicks into high gear. They start taking care of the families and their members. They get them pay lawyers.

And they're also getting bolder at this time. He wasn't big on sentence violence, but he was big on violence in general. I like that. And there's a great sentence. Yeah. And they start going after the outside. You know, they're planting bombs around the stock of chains and other high-profile allocations. In March of 2003, they kill a hardline judge who had overseen some of the prisons

and had gone after the gangs and they lost a lot of their privileges in prison. And after he dies, this judge after he was killed, it's like a huge turning point. It's real war with the state now. Things get way harsher on the prisoners. Meanwhile, outside the PCC is just expanding like crazy, but murders, like I said before, they're kind of dropping just like they did in prison. And then we have May 2006. And this is like nothing else Brazil has ever seen. And really like nothing I've seen from a criminal group in a long time. It's almost like the PCC becomes this combination of the cartels, gangs like MS-13, and FARC kind of as well.

You know, the militant Colombian rebel group turned cocaine traffickers. I'm just thinking, like we've recorded two shows this week, by the way, guys. And let's just say that my one, which I think we're going to put out after this, doesn't quite, at the same, doesn't quite have the same tone to it. We've got a bit of a mix. Yeah, but it's, I mean, there's Japanese schoolgirls involved, so I'm sure you, you sickos will enjoy that either way. What's really interesting, and I found this in a paper written by the Brazilian journalist

Leonardo Coutinho, well, I haven't seen it anywhere else, and it kind of has that aura of like urban legend, mythical lore stuff you see with gang formations and prison stuff that almost feels like too much like a movie, but this journalist, like, he's very legit. In 2002, a notorious Chilean terrorist by the name of Maricio Hernandez, Noram Buena, is arrested in Brazil. He's the mastermind behind the Chilean terrorist group called Patriotic Front Manuel Rodriguez. They had done kidnappings of prominent business executives, bombings, guerrilla warfare, everything you'd expect from like a South American guerrilla group. He's a left-wing militant, familiar with terrorist and insurgent actions. And he ends up in a cell with Marcolla

and becomes a student of him. And he teaches Marcona about urban warfare, guerrilla tactics, and politics. Again, it strikes me as something that seems like too good to be true, you know, like too much of a narrative point that's insane.

But this guy's reporting, like this is a prominent journalist and he wrote a paper called The Evolution of the PCC, so if anyone's going to know, it's going to be him. Now, the PCC having insane prison riots, right, and being brutally violent,

it's not new. Here's just a little quote from the Van Lee Fair article again. the PCC brought order to the prisons and slums, but showed itself to be lower than animalistic. It perfected a form of murder by which those whom it condemned to die were forced through threat of torture to commit suicide. In 2005, during a two-day riot that gutted a prison in a town called Ven-Syslaw,

I'm just butchering these names. It's like German. I don't even know. It invaded a protective custody section, decapitated five of its enemies, mounted the heads on poles to wait before TV cameras, and it is alleged, then place one on the ground for a game of PCC soccer.

So yeah, Decapitation is actually, cutting off heads becomes like a pretty standard mover theirs. But anyway, 2006, and things are about to reach a whole new level. You sure you want to stick by that violence quote now? This seems pretty senseless, some of this. I don't know, man. Early May, the government orders the transfer of over 700 prisoners, and they're going to be sent to a newly rebuilt, tightly run prison.

According to New York Times, this is a plan to swore some upcoming act of rebellion moving these prisoners. But it's happening, it's going to mess up Mother's Day, which is like a sacred day for the prisoners. Other motives about what happens, they've been bandied about for why. It's something about like 60 flat-screen TVs to watch the World Cup that disappear. And another is that corrupt cops kidnapped Marcos' kidnap Marcos' stepson. Whatever the case on May 12, 2006, the PCC goes to full-on war with the state of South Paulo. And not just rioting in the jails.

They burn dozens of buses on the outside, which we've talked about. It's popular. They do that in the Salvador, too, a way of paralyzing the state. They attack police stations with automatic rifles and bombs. They kill police officers in their homes and in public. Something like 40 law enforcement officers are killed in the coming days. And this goes on for days. By the time it's Mother's Day, the third day of the rebellion, the whole city of 20 million people is shut down.

Business, schools, everything. Downtown is empty. And it's this unprecedented display of power. It's one thing to write in the jails, right? It's another to take over cities and kill cops in their stations. Rumor spread that Marcolle has been killed, things keep going haywire. A lawyer for the PCC proposes an idea to end it, which is getting a statement from Marcold to prove he's alive after visiting him in this maximum security jail cell.

But he refused to talk, but he does allow the lawyer to say that he's alive. And the next day, just like that, the attack stopped. No demands are actually made by the PCC, which is kind of the confusing thing, right? it's just a show of power. And rumors of a deal being struck between the state and Marcolla, they spread everywhere. The next thing, though,

the police go completely out of control. It ends up being called the crimes of May, and they just go on a rampage in the favelas, executing any young man they think was involved with the PCC.

By the end of the month, over 500 people have been killed this way. That's an insanely high body count. I mean, I might be sounding a bit stupid, but favela is just like Portuguese name for a slum then, right? Because I've heard,

I've heard stuff about Rio's favelas and the cops going in and just completely decimating people, but yeah, I didn't know it was like across the whole of Brazil. Yeah, yeah, it's just the name for the slums. I hope. I could be very wrong on that. In which case, you know, we won't go back and have this out. We'll just keep me looking like a fool. No, that. Says Langswith, quote, what is certain is that the assault was a demonstration of strength, an act of self-affirmation at a measured blow against the rule of law. Some of the attacks were so brazen as to be nearly suicidal. The point being made was not that they could be carried out,

but that they could be sustained. The lack of serious demands added a vicious twist. It denied the government the power even to concede and allowed the PCC to script the drama from beginning to end. Moreover, because the PCC leaders were already in prison, they had little to fear of punishment. They could taunt the state from within the very walls it had built to contain them. Honestly, that article, like it's just so well written to, I think it's the most I've ever quoted from something in an episode. I love him. I really, if he's listening, which I'm sure he is, get on the show, please. For the next few months, the PCC launches a bunch of minor attacks here and there, you know, on police, on buses, a couple prison riots, you know, run of the mill. In August,

they kidnap a reporter and force his station to air a DVD video of their statements. Apparently, they had tried to deliver it to media outlets, but we're just kind of ignored, which, like, note to criminal groups listening right now, you don't have to kidnap anyone. Just come on the podcast. You know, we'll chop it up. We'll come to you. You know, we're, we've had a couple situations like that. Danny will definitely come to a lot.

One was unfortunately, what I'll tell the story of one day that was unfortunately ruined by the Mexican federalities. But, yeah, nothing you can do about that. Couldn't even get a refund on those airline tickets. But, you know, you know what they say? The best laid plans of mice and men are often ruined by Mexican federal tax forces. Choice Hotels get you more of what you value Comfort in It's calling your name

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What can you do? Anyway, what follows is a harsh crackdown, but the PCC just keeps expanding and really starts taking care of its low-level members, both financially and with lawyers, and they start calling it the harmony of ties, which is, you know, a sweet name. They bring lawyers into the gang even. Macaro actually helps set this up. They even pay for members of the organization to study law, those who don't have charges holding them back. It's very, you know, departed.

Yeah, I mean, you know, lawyers are gangsters, as we found out recently. Oh, my God. Yeah. Christ. But yeah, it's like our old school, what was the first couple episodes or first 20, it was all about just like getting to real estate. Because all retired, all guys who want to leave. the crime life, their plans to get into real estate, but just skip the crime life and get into

real estate in the first place. Or maybe just if you don't want to do that, just pass the bar. Yeah. And then you're good. Yeah, don't even get involved with organized crime. Just do legal crime by being a lawyer or a real estate guy. Yeah, make sure your clients are just like idiot journalists or anyone else that might come across your path. So they start, they start focusing more now on making money. PCC drug trafficking becomes a big business. Different factions deal with different aspects, but it really grows from this, like, you know, kind of run-of-the-mill jail gang into this massively powerful organized crime faction with power in the halls of the state, cartel-like drug trafficking in the span of 20 years.

Like, it's remarkable. And of course, what do we have right next to Sao Paulo City, a major, major port city? Port of Santos is the second largest port in Latin America. And if you control the prisons, if you control the streets, what's next? Why not take over the second largest port in Latin America that happens to be right next door to your stronghold and is also like right next door to the major cocaine producing regions in the area? You know, you don't really have to be a genius to see what happens next. In 2014, according to the Financial Times, Marcola helps create the general syntonia for states and nations to focus on national and international expansion. He also gets the PCC really linked up with his network of lawyers, using them as carrier pigeons, basically,

and two dozen of them actually get arrested in an operation in 2016. That's how tied in they were to the gang. According to Coutino, they've also linked up with former FARC guerrillas for training and establishing links with powerful Lebanese, Hezbollah, affiliate, money launders. They're also establishing ties with the Calabrian and Drongeta, arguably, or a lot of people say, one of the most powerful crime groups in the world, to move massive amounts of cocaine in Europe, Africa and the Middle East. The PCC decides to focus on the European market, which has always been second for the Colombians and the Mexicans. And there's already a ton of international groups

that are operating in that port for that reason. So they kind of, you know, get right into those networks as well. And this is from an OCCRP report, as re-quoted by Insight Crime. The Endron gets a long-allowed cocaine leaving Santos to enter Europe through ports such as Rotterdam and Antwerp. and afterwards be distributed to Russian, Balkan, and Moroccan groups. The And Drongetta also helped establish drug deals between the PCC and criminal groups in West Africa, which kept the part of the cocaine,

in exchange for helping to transport larger loads onto Europe, according to the Organized Crime and Corruption Reporting Project. Yeah, I mean, why have Colombian cartels managed to corner the regional coat market and not the Brazilian? Do you think, I mean, it's like a massive country, it's got all the right environmental factors, there's these insane kind of bloodthirsty gangs. You think they'd be warring or went out with the FARC and other Colombian guys in the rainforest and stuff?

I don't know. What do you mean regional? Well, I mean, they are. Like, that's the thing. They've expanded now where they're taking over a lot of trafficking routes in South America. I don't know if they've expanded into Columbia proper, but they're fighting in the Amazon over all these routes

and they're trying to take over and move in. But I think, I don't know if they're fighting directly with the Colombian cartels are trying to work in conjunction with them. Sounds like it could go wrong pretty quickly. They're expanding like crazy and taking over from the traditional traffickers that were operating there before.

Also in 2016, they take out this guy named Jorge Rafat, who was the border king in Paraguay and had worked with them before or more so taxed them from moving through his territory. This guy, he knew everyone, everyone knew him. He's a businessman, like a major political donor, all that sort of stuff. And the PCC wants to cut him out

because he's, you know, a middleman. it's a pretty diabolical operation to kill him because he wasn't exactly a soft target and they hit him just commando style with like 50 cows fired at his car something out of out of a heist film or a heap just really tactical and over the next few weeks after they hit him

dozens of his associates are killed too and now the PCC controls that area of the border and they're getting huge in Paraguay they're showing up in Paraguay in jails right and there's a native Paraguayan gang that they're fighting which is called their Ratelli clan but they just come in brutal. Paraguay is not used to it.

They're slitting throats. They're hanging people upside down after that. They take over Paraguay in prison. They behead people. There's videos of them holding the heads up. Just real savage stuff. Yeah. And speaking personally,

I can definitely say, do not go looking for those videos. It's not nice. And it kind of ruined my lunch. Yeah. Yeah, I don't know why you. I don't need to see that stuff anymore. I don't know why I was doing that.

Good for you. for doing research for this episode. That was completely unnecessary. Yes. Audio. It's an audio. We're doing audio. We're doing audio. We don't need to should we put those up on the

Patreon? I feel like that's the kind of thing that doesn't that might get us bent. Me and Danny had a conversation with some people in New York and they were like you guys need lawyers actually for the show and we're like, maybe not. But given that I've just said Little Caesars run by Peter Files and now

you didn't say that. Stop, stop. Enough. Enough. Paraguay is important because cocaine comes through their first, right? There's an established route from Peru and Bolivia where a lot of it's grown and manufactured. In 2017, the PCC, they organized a massive bank robbery there too, robbing $8 million from a security company. And there's also just a ton of insanely violent prison fights going on and facilities in these Amazon states of Brazil. Manuas, which again, I'm probably mispronouncing. Manus.

Say it again? Manas, I think that's the one that's left. massive big state in the middle of the Amazon. It's really weird. Right, right. And that's a big, that's a big, like, waystation for cocaine trafficking. So the PCC really wants to move in there. They're taking on a cartel called the Family of the North.

And that originally controlled the routes there. It's a major, like, major transchement point. And it's right smack in the middle of the continent where the cocaine just flows like crazy. And it's kind of lawless. In the first two weeks of 2017, 130 prisoners are killed in this fighting. And it's actually the family of the North. fighting the PCC, and the family had teamed up with the Red Command, which had had a 20-year truce with the PCC that ends in 2016 when the PCC alleged that the Red Command were licking

up with their enemies. So they had serious classes, too, between those two groups, the main gangs in Brazil, the PCC and the Red Command that started in 2016, and just like dozens dead and some beheadings, because also the PCC wants to try to make inroads in Rio where the Red Command run things. The guy that sets everything up in Paraguay, and with the international expansion, with the drug trafficking and all that, is this guy named Fumino, who came up with Marcolla robbing banks and went on to become a massive drug trafficker

and something like his right-hand man, despite not really officially being into the gang until much later when he starts working with the PCC. So he knows the groups in Europe and Africa. He's like a character out of a movie, right, at a zero-zero, he communicates with them to ship over the cocaine. Marcolla himself actually connects to the And Drogate II, and high-ranking members of the group.

They've been arrested in Brazil in recent years, including Rocco Moribitu, said to be the cocaine king of the Italian mafia, which is like a great superlative. But also, I just want to be clear, I don't know if all our listeners know that, Androngeta is not the mafia, right? The mafia is Sicilian.

Indrongeta is Calabrian. That's like, you know, a little up from Sicily. But they've really grown in power the last decade. They're a phenomenally powerful international group that operates viciously. But anyway, according to financial times, PCC buys Coca-Pase for a thousand euros per kilo. They can then use that to make two or three kilos of cocaine,

which sells for 35,000 euros a kilo in Europe. So that's a healthy profit margin. That's like crypto profit margin for like the one month when crypto is doing really well. You know, that's a solid, solid way to make money, even with all the shipping and protection that needs to go into it. But in 2018, of course, there is internal issues again. Two of the highest guys out there in the PCC that are free. and right beneath Marcola,

they're set to be stealing from the gang and kind of throwing their weight around a bit too much. So Fomino actually has them taken out. And he pretty much just takes over and becomes the top free PCC man. Okay, so a little recap. So Marcolla is in prison conducting all these attacks and beheadings

and other things of the PCC. The PCC is in a war with this group called the Family of North and the Red Command in Brazil. And then Marcoa's right-hand man is Fomino and he's working with the Andrangeta. to ship Amazonian Coke into the European market? I mean, all right, a couple of things there are all right, right?

I don't think Marco is ordering all these things, right? These groups operate semi-autonomously in a way. You know, he's not like overseeing everything, right? This is a gigantic groove. But yeah, he's the leader, he's in prison. Fumini was kind of taken over on the outside. They are fighting with the family of North in the Red Command, beheadings, all that. It's not Amazonian Coke.

The Coke goes through the Amazon. But I think it's not grown in the Amazon, right? I think it's grown. I mean, it's grown in Peru and Bolivia. I think it's more highlands than Amazon, right? Isn't that better for growing cocaine? Yeah. Yeah.

I mean, I'm not a botanist, but that's my general impression. But, yeah, we clear? Is everything? Oh, yeah. I am. Yeah. Okay. All right.

Good. Anyway, for me, know, soon he's actually arrested in Mozambique, but actually it almost doesn't matter, right? The PCC is just growing and growing with some speculating that they are the biggest group operating in Latin America right now, which is insane to see them bigger than the cartels. They're investing in legitimate companies. They're starting their own companies. They own gas stations, livestock, transportation stuff.

They're in illegal gold mining. They're in cybercrime. They've just gotten so much bigger. But the streets are actually starting to grow a little while there too. They're starting to be a lack of discipline, and the command doesn't have the same level of control that it did, you know, back in the early days when it was a more tightening group. And here's the Financial Times in February of 2022,

after mentioning that the PCC has 40,000 members and do half a billion dollars a year in revenue, which kind of sounds like both sound like a low estimate. to me. Quote, along the way, the PCC forged commercial ties with the region's underworld, striking deals with Bolivian farmers to supply cocaine paste, and ex-far guerrillas in Colombia to provide training in arms. In the tri-border area between Brazil, Paraguay, and Argentina, it teamed up a Lebanese

syndicates, which some Brazilian authorities believe have links to Hezbollah, but launder money, according to prosecutors and federal police. That tri-border area, I kind of want to do an episode just on that, because that's supposed to be, I had an opportunity to go there a couple of years ago, but it didn't work out, but That's supposed to be just a wild, wild area. I've actually seen the 40,000 number for members cited for years, like going back, like, more than a decade. So I feel like it's got to be much higher by now. Actually, yeah, I was in Peru earlier this year just on holiday and this tour guy was telling me all about some Coke stuff there.

So I'm going to try and do a show on that at some point. But, I mean, Hezbole, they've come up twice in this show. Tour guide. Tour guide to Machu Picchu, who, yeah, just knew a hell of a lot. I mean, he's really had a lot of interest. and just wanted to talk about cocaine production all the time. I think it's just really interested in it, like really good historian.

Yeah, tour guide, sure. Yeah, yeah, tour guide. Knows a lot. Yeah, cool guy. Oh, you were saying, Hezbollah, something? Well, just they pop up everywhere. I mean, is there anything more global than a Hezbollah money guy? We've seen them in Guinea, Bissal, Brazil, like, all over the place, everywhere.

Yeah, I mean, there's that famous connection, right? I don't know if it's all Hezbollah for just Lebanese traffickers, but there's a huge Lebanese population. It's a really successful population in West Africa. And there's always been this this trans shipment route, this cocaine route from South America to West Africa and then spread out either into Europe or into the Middle East itself.

And that's a big, big, like a well-established trafficking route. That like sort of shady West African control there. But yeah, the PCC guys, they're taking over at such an insane rate that in 2021, a big-time drug trafficker who operates on the Brazil power grade border by the name of Fad Jamil Georges, he surrenders to the police after the PCC threatens him. Dude is just like, I mean, this is not a, it's not like you're running the mill citizen, right? This is a major drug traffic in a terrifying area.

He's got soldiers, but the dude is so scared of the PCC once they make their intentions clear. He just turns himself in. Yeah. I think that, I mean, I'm scared of the CCC. Yeah. Also in December 2021, just as the U.S. Treasury starts targeting the PCC, sanctioning people involved and calling it

one of the most powerful organized crime groups in the world, three big cocaine shipments are discovered on the same day that are coming from the Port of Santos, and they're going to Spain, France, and Ghana. So, yeah, somebody in logistics had a really, really bad day, but that is the story of the PCC and their expansion and where they're at right now. Oh, my God, that was insane.

And, yeah, like crazy hot stay. And our next show, like I said earlier, that is going to be a lot lighter on the beheadings and all that kind of stuff, I can promise. But yeah, guys, thanks so much for waiting for us. Like, we're sorry it took so long. We wanted to keep going, but we had to make sure that, you know, we were getting paid. Because isn't that what, there's one thing you've learned from all these groups like that is. It's what it comes down to.

But patreon.com, that's the annual podcast. We will have interviews and all that other stuff and source list. And we put the scripts up too, if that's your thing, you want to read them. And yeah, thanks again for tuning it. Some follow the noise. Bloomberg follows the money. Because behind every headline is a bottom line. Whether it's the funds fueling AI or crypto's trillion dollar swings,

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