This Week in Startups - Dr. Mark Hyman on Function Health & GLP-1 microdosing | E2334

Episode Date: September 4, 2026

This Week In Startups is made possible by: Odoo - http://Odoo.com/twist Northwest Registered Agent - https://www.northwestregisteredagent.com/twistdomain Rippling - http://Rippling.ai/twist Today's show: Your doctor almost certainly isn't testing your insulin. Dr. Mark Hyman sits down with Jason to explain the broken system that Function is fixing, and what 100 million biomarkers say about how sick America actually is. Learn why insulin beats blood sugar as an early warning for TKTKTK. Why might "normal" lab ranges be unreliable? PLUS, how does an expert like Dr. Hyman feel about GLP-1s and psychedelics? Guests: Dr. Mark Hyman on X: https://x.com/drmarkhyman Function: https://www.functionhealth.com/ Relevant Links: The Dr. Hyman Show — https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-dr-hyman-show/id1382804627 Function pricing — https://www.functionhealth.com/pricing Ezra — the full-body MRI company Function acquired https://ezra.com/ Galleri (GRAIL) — the multi-cancer early detection blood test — https://www.galleri.com/ Tufts / JACC study — the source of the "93% of Americans have metabolic dysfunction" — https://now.tufts.edu/2022/07/05/only-7-american-adults-have-good-cardiometabolic-health American College of Cardiology — https://www.acc.org/ Dr. Jorge Plutzky — https://www.health.harvard.edu/authors/jorge-plutzky-md OpenEvidence — https://www.openevidence.com/ Stanford Metabolic Psychiatry Clinic — https://med.stanford.edu/news/all-news/2022/11/metabolic-psychiatry.html Stanford Medicine on the ibogaine findings → https://med.stanford.edu/news/all-news/2024/01/ibogaine-ptsd.html Texas SB 2308 — the $50M state investment in ibogaine trials — https://www.texastribune.org/2026/03/31/texas-ibogaine-research-clinical-trials-psychedelics/ Timestamps: 0:00 What Function actually is 6:43 Healthspan vs. sick care 10:16 Odoo - The all-in-one business platform. Your first app is free! Get started today at https://Odoo.com/twist 11:32 A $300 vitamin D test vs. a $10 one 18:08 Should a 25-year-old get a whole-body MRI? 20:42 Northwest Registered Agent - Got a new business idea? Northwest Registered Agent helps you bring it to life. Get a free domain, email, phone number, and more - with no purchase required! Learn more at https://www.northwestregisteredagent.com/twistdomain 24:23 Why medicine is still running on paper 25:41 The study where the chatbot beat the doctors 27:02 micro1, doctors in the loop, and why AI still needs guardrails 28:50 Wearables, records, and the CD-ROM problem 30:07 Rippling - Thanks to our partners at Rippling! Head to https://Rippling.ai/twist and get the only AI built to give you full visibility across your startup and take complex actions across your entire business. 32:51 The wearable that caught Jason's Covid 34:31 Alcohol, sugar, and why almost nobody tests your insulin 40:00 GLP-1s: Jason's 213-to-168 story 42:22 Microdosing GLP-1s, muscle loss, and "skinny fat" 48:48 Overdiagnosing mental illness: SSRIs, Adderall, and a lost decade 50:17 The biology underneath depression and anxiety 54:32 Psychedelics: ketamine, ibogaine, and the second revolution in psychiatry   Subscribe to the TWiST500 newsletter: https://ticker.thisweekinstartups.com Check out the TWIST500: https://www.twist500.com Subscribe to This Week in Startups on Apple: https://rb.gy/v19fcp Follow Lon: X: https://x.com/lons Follow Jason: X: https://twitter.com/Jason LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/jasoncalacanis Thank you to our partners: Check out all our partner offers: https://partners.launch.co/ Great TWIST interviews: Will Guidara, Eoghan McCabe, Steve Huffman, Brian Chesky, Bob Moesta, Aaron Levie, Sophia Amoruso, Reid Hoffman, Frank Slootman, Billy McFarland Check out Jason's suite of newsletters: https://substack.com/@calacanis Follow TWiST: Twitter: https://twitter.com/TWiStartups YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/thisweekin Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/thisweekinstartups TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@thisweekinstartups Substack: https://twistartups.substack.com

Most doctors don't use any kind of tech to make decisions. One in three, Americans are like skipping, going to talk to a doctor when they have an issue because they can't afford it. Six out of 10 with chronic illness, 93% with metabolic dysfunction. You know, we have 75% are obese or overweight. I mean, this is just, we have a staggering problem that is not being addressed by our system. And we spend more and more money. We're getting sicker and sicker.

65% with high insulin levels, which never get checked. A Harvard study, chat GPTs and the large language. models basically were as accurate or more accurate than doctors. The preference of the patient and the bedside manner, the results from the LLM are better. It's gone from Terrible to actually pretty good. This week in startups is brought to you by Rippling. Don't settle for AI that's all talk. Head to rippling.a.i slash twist and get the only AI built to give you full visibility across your startup and take complex actions across your entire organization. That's RI. P-P-L-I-N-G-A-I-S-T-T-Sysh.

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All right, everybody. Welcome back to the program. super excited to have podcaster, entrepreneur, doctor, an all-around great guy, Dr. Mark Hyman is here. How are you doing, Dr. Mark? Great. I'm feeling great. Awesome. Awesome.

Life is good. How do you, you do have a great life? How do you split your time? I mean, you got this great podcast. I tune in once in a while. You know, I look at the topic and then I jump in. Sometimes it's for ladies. Sometimes it's for guys.

But it's great because you're so candid, honest, during it. You obviously have function health, is surging. I'm going to talk a lot about the entrepreneurial journey there. And then are you a doctor as well? Yeah, actually, I'm a real doctor. I have a practice up in Massachusetts where I'm now, and I see patients. I have a limited patient roster compared to how I used to, which was just full time all the time. I know after tens of thousands of patients, I'm like, slow down a little bit.

But actually, you know, function is my main focus because it's really a way to scale what I'm doing to millions, if not billions of people. And I think I could sit and see patients all day, every day, and I'd never be able to sort of bridge the gap that's happening in healthcare right now, which is really to get people to understand their biology and using technology to help accelerate their ability to create healthy lives. Yeah. And you were very early to this, which I describe, and I don't know if I'm using the right descriptor, as self-directed health care. people taking ownership of it. I think, you know, my friend Tim Ferriss, maybe they call it biohacking. Yeah. You know, the Joe Rogans of the world have their own view on it.

But what is function health and how should we look at this movement of, hey, I'm not just going to be a passive participant in my health care. What is the proper term here? And more importantly, what is the philosophy that we as patients should have in the age of AI and all these amazing services available? to us. Function is really by giving people agency, democratizing health care, and allowing people access to their own biology. Because up until very recently, you know, and I'm a doctor and I'm in help your system, you had to go to the doctor. You had to ask for what you want, if you even knew what to

ask for. You had to hope they would, he or she would agree to do it. You have to hope your insurance would pay for it. And if they did, you know, it usually was quite a bit of money. And people didn't have, and really understanding what's happening under the hood. And so function health is really an attempt to bring your biology online to help people have access to their data, to own their own health data. And to use that information to understand where they are, the trajectory of their health,

and how to either identify current problems and issues, which we do very often with function, or just see where you're headed in the trajectory and sort of get on the off ramp. If you're heading down to heart of serious disease like diabetes or Alzheimer's or something terrible. So function is really about, powering people with their own data and using technology and AI to help understand that data

and make sense of it. Because we're a complex beings and we have so much going on all the time and human mind can only comprehend so much. And that's why we have super specialization, but the body's not a bunch of different parts in Oregon. It's one system. Yeah. And as a doctor, well, two questions. One, this is term functional health. I never knew what that meant. Yeah, yeah. The name of your company's function. That's what people refer to it as. Yeah. Should I understand what the word functional health means? Yeah, yeah, yeah. So functional medicine and function health are two different things.

But functional medicine is a discipline, yes. Yes. So function health is really our personal health platform that's empowering people with their own data. And it's informed by all traditional medical science, that all our most emerging understandings. For example, traditional medicine understands that the microbiome plays a role in health, but there's really no focus on it, clinically. Or, you know, there's a real understanding that, you know, nutrition plays a role in health,

but doctors don't really understand how to apply that and don't learn about it in medical school. And so a functional medicine is a framework for understanding the body as a nip, not as a bunch of organs of parts, but actually has a cohesive system. And that it's really more focus on the science than creating health than treating disease. So it's focused on lifestyle medicine, your diet, exercise, stress, sleep, your nutritional status, hormonal balance, and also like understanding you the role of your gut microbiome and your mitochondria and inflammation and toxins and things that are in the ether that people are hearing about, but they don't understand that there's actually a system of medicine that helps you see the world through a different set

of lenses that gets to the root cause of disease. So it's really root cause focused. It's really systems focused. It's creating health focus. And those principles are embedded in function health. But it's not all that function of health is. Functional health is really the full spectrum of medicine from soup to nuts, and it includes all that. This is one of the key differences I think in this movement is people are now pursuing this with trying to have their health span increase and feel healthier, as opposed to looking at the health care system, which is in this country, I'm sure we'll get into this at some point. There could be a whole other episode. It's quite dysfunctional. I mean, I just read the statistic when I was getting ready to talk to you, that one in three,

Americans are like skipping, going to talk to a doctor when they have an issue because they can't afford it. Like in America, in this like incredible country, these people are delaying medical care. It's just really tragic. But there are people who have a little bit of privilege who have had to have these, you know, personalized doctors, and they have this concierge doctor experience. Yeah, yeah. And they get to experience something. something very different than the majority of Americans. And my perception is the role of function

your company is really to take what I started experiencing in the last decade, once I had made a little bit of money that I didn't experience in the first 40 years of my life when sometimes I didn't have health care. And I was like, you know what? I can't afford to see the doctor. So explain what the products and services are in the stack in the product now that help bridge that gap between what somebody with a concierge doctor, which these things cost $25,50K a year. Or more. Or more. Some people are trotching $250K a year.

I don't want anyone to get in trouble here, but I have heard of these numbers. I pitched on that number one to spit out my espresso. But putting all that aside, can't put a price on a good time. Explain to me like where you saw the wedge to say, hey, wait a second. There's a way to get in here. Because as an investor in companies, man, I wanted to invest in so many health care companies. And I was just like, this just feels like we're not going to make any progress. It's too dysfunctional.

But you figured it out. We did. Somehow we did. It's quite amazing the way this took off the last four years. I mean, we launched three years ago. And we have just an extraordinary growth trajectory. And I think it just speaks to the fact that people are hungry to be able to own their own health and to check their health. And I think, you know, the offering is very similar way to a concierge's doctor because you get a really deep analysis of your biology.

Your full medical history is in there that you put in. It can access your EMR. All your wearables can be connected. You get a deep stack of lab testing, which is over 160 biomarkers, tested twice a year plus add-ons if you want, for a dollar a day, which is so affordable. Like the membership is basically a dollar a day. Now, I've done these labs for years and years on patients, and the retail price on these is like $15,000. It's really inaccessible. Yeah.

And... Why are those tests so expensive? Is it just the dysfunction of our insurance kind of in hospitals? But then you have, like, everybody seems to be using Quest or there's some platform behind it. That actually turns out to be really cheap, but they don't give you any interpretation of it. So you're kind of flying blind. Yeah, yeah. We don't actually own lab.

We partnered with Quest, who's our testing partner, and there's over 2,000 draw stations across the country, and they'll draw and process the labs. We also have in-house and homebolephabotomy can get labs drawn at home. We also have imaging, whole-body imaging, whole-body imaging you can get for,

I think it's $899 now, quite affordable. And it's very quick. Wait, $899? That is a fraction of, I used another service, three or four years ago, and it was $3,000. This price is coming down dramatically. It's coming down.

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operate like health care, it would be, what it would be like. It's so terrible. And, you know, I used to work at Cleveland Clinic, and they're in the Cleveland Clinic lab, but vitamin D would be $300. If you go to Quest, it might be $10. That's kind of how healthcare is. You could imagine buying a Toyota on one lot for $10,000, and in the same Toyota, another lot for $100,000.

That's kind of how healthcare is. There's no transparency in pricing. It's very bizarre. So we know how we democratized the access to the pricing. And then you imagine all your data gets fed into your personal health platform that you have access to that is a dashboard for your health

that integrates all this information that provides, that provides an AI chat and helps you understand what's going on, gives you an action plan after understanding what's happening with your biology, and identify a lot of things. And we're seeing so much going on in the population. This is a health-ford population, but we still have a lot of sort of Americans who are just sort of, you know, middle-class Americans.

I think the average income is under 100 grand. And the results we're seeing are astounding. We're seeing like 65% with high instill levels, which you never get checked. We're seeing almost 70% of people, the nutritional deficiency at the level that the lab says is low, it's not what I would say is optimal. We're seeing 54% with high APOB,

which is a lipid biomarker that most doctors don't check that is more important than LDL or any other cholesterol biomarker based on the American College of cardiology literature, and yet it's not checked. So we're really going deep and looking at heavy metals, their hormones, your nutritional status, your metabolic status. And it really gives people understanding what's happening can even look for cancer through multi-cancer early detection testing and there's newer

there's a blood test yes I took this blood test a couple of years ago that is a just a generic blood test for cancer and you obviously have to follow up I was told it's 80% accurate or 90% that could be false positive yada yada but is that's like a new a relatively new thing to be able to take a test for just generalized cancer it's quite amazing actually because many cancers are you know we don't have screening test for you know you can get a clausomy you get a you know PSA per prostate there's controversy about that a mammogram you can get a pap test but it's like there's not a lot and and we believe that you know cancer's greatest enemy is early detection and you know getting it later is hard i mean cancer treatments are improving but it's still not

great and so there's this new developments in cancer diagnostics which are quite amazing and then this is the the multi-cancerly detection test called galli We offer that. And it looks at over 15 different cancers. It's about 75% good at picking up things. Doesn't get everything all the time. And it does a very low false positive rate. So it's not gonna show you you have a positive.

It's not there. There's also a newer emerging test that are coming out. Proteomics tests, we're gonna be adding on other things that are quite exciting that are really even better. So there are tens of thousands of people now on function, hundreds of thousands. I know that the company's very big,

but I'm trying to get an idea of like, what's the footprint of the data you have in just three years? We've done over 100 million biomarkers, 100 million biomarkers. So we have a lot of data. So divide that by some number per person. Maybe you don't disclose the number of people on it, but I'm assuming it's at least tens of thousands of people. No, no, no, no.

It's hundreds, hundreds of thousands. Okay, yeah. Well, I mean, we're reaching millions of people through all the things that we do. So it's, yeah. And I think, you know, the growth and success really speaks to how hungry people are to not just abdicate their health care to the healthcare system. And it's great when you have an acute injury. But for preventive care, for proactive care,

for care that's actually focused on creating health, dealing with a lot of common problems people have, we don't really have a good model. And I think function healthy just hit that sweet spot in the market where there was a big gap. And we didn't even know how big it was until we thought, you know, I don't know how to that. I mean, basically was sitting on a portion of Hawaii during COVID,

and it's like, came up with this idea of my friend. And they're like, okay, and here we go. Yeah, and that, you know, $400 a year, whatever the membership is, and I guess you can do two blood tests a year. So the 365 counts for twice your testing. Wow. And I'm sure there's some upsells on like more detailed testing. Yes, you can do more testing.

Yeah. You can get into maybe low thousands, one, two, three thousand. Yeah, sure. Probably the max you can spend here. Yeah, you can do a lot. I mean, we do brain health screening. We do toxin screening. cancer screening, we do more hormone analysis, we do more nutritional analysis, more metabolic

analysis. We do... And the difference here with all those is, I decide, I'd say, I'm reading in the app, this seems like something I would like to know. This seems like something if I'm going to spend $10,000 going on a vacation or I treat myself to a business class flight for $5,000 or something. You know, now a person can say, you know what, instead of buying a $5,000, bag or watch, I'm going to buy a $1,000 one and I'm going to put three or four thousand dollars into my health and get all this stuff checked. And that's, I think, what you guys have inspired in people. And I'm starting to see amongst friend groups that the wealth is in the health. And that who cares about your health insurance just like if it's $1,000 or less, just do it. Like,

why wouldn't you just do it? And that is not just from a person of privilege. This is now the middle class can say that yeah yeah 100% I mean this isn't really you know we have in america's more disease insurance not so much health insurance like you know doctor I want you to help me get healthy they're like well I don't know what code is that yeah right hurts we don't we don't we don't really have that and so I think I think we're good at acute care medicine but when it comes to the the crisis that's happening in America today which is you know six out of 10 with chronic illness 93% with metabolic dysfunction you know we have 75% are obese are overweight I mean, this is just, we have a staggering problem that is not being addressed by our system.

And we spend more and more money. We're getting sicker and sicker and sick. And I think, you know, people are sick and tired of being sick and tired. So that's why I think function is hit, hit such a note in the system culture. You mentioned the full body scan. I want to double and then triple click on it. You bought a company, Ezra last year. Yes.

They do this full body scanning. Yes. My friend from Spotify, Daniel, like, he's got one. There's another one in the market. I can't remember the name of it. That's different. That's not. Yeah.

Daniels is not. But yeah. Daniels is not. So explain to me what this general area is, the difference is. And when I did the one I did with I think Prunovo, if I'm pronouncing correct, my doctor was like, don't do it. You know, this is my concierge doctor. I said, well, I'm sorry. Don't do it.

Why? And they were like, you're going to find a nodule. You're going to find something. And then you're going to be super anxious. I'm like, I'm fine. I'd rather know I got it. And so I was like, you know, all due respect, I'm doing it. And they don't even know what to interpret.

He's like, I have a lot of patients talking about or doing it. So it was very confusing for me to have a concierge doctor, then telling me it's a waste of time. Yeah. You tell me, Dr. Mark. Tell me, Dr. Mark. What should I think about these? And that general reaction from classic doctors. Well, we're entering a whole new era of data-driven health care, which we never had before.

Doctors are trained very specifically to the minimum amount necessary to make the diagnosis and then find the drug or the surgery to treat that diagnosis. It's not about gathering lots of data to really have a deep understanding of human biology. But that's never been possible before. And so doctors have a very bad bias against testing and against imaging unless it's for confirmation of a presumed diagnosis. That's how we're trained. What's happening now, Jason, is that we're in a data-driven healthcare model.

We're able to get 100-100 biomarkers where you look into metabolomics, which is just 6,000 metabolized proteomics, which is tens of thousands of proteins, genetics, which is 20,000 genes and millions of snips. We have a look at your microbiome, which has, you know, petabytes of data in there. We have imaging now. We can get, you know, 10 terabytes of data on your own body to imaging and make sense of it all, because no human mind can make sense of all that data. And Lee Hood has done a lot of this work.

He's found in the Institute of Resistance Biology. He's now got a program called phenome health, which is sort of almost like a nonprofit version of function, where they're gathering large datasets on people looking at trends in a predictive model. It calls it P4 medicine, which is preventive, predictive, personalized, and participatory. And you have to do something to get better. And that's where we should be going with a P4 medicine. And that's really what functions focusing on.

And I believe we're going to be entering here. We're going to start to be able to make sense of all this data with AI. in a way that is going to really help highlight where you are now with your biology, what's out of whack, and what to do with it, and want to optimize your health to feel better now and to live 100 healthy years. And that's really the mission of function. Regular listeners already know that if you've got a great idea for a new business, our friends at Northwest Registered Agent want to help you bring it to life. They're going to be the most amazing partner you've ever had, even if you're not ready to form an LLC.

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Or even if you're already building something amazing, you already got started, Northwest Registered Agent is the best way to establish. your new company. Learn more at Northwest Registeredagent.com slash twist domain. Let's talk about those scanners. What are you looking for when you tell somebody, hey, get a scan? And is that something a 30-year-old should do? A 20-year-old should, you know, if you had a nephew, a cousin, whatever, and they were 25 years old, and they're like, I got the money to do it. Should I do it or not? Any downside? A baseline, there's no downside during MRI. It's basically non-radiation, with our technology, which is a bit of the day-approved, you get 22-minute

whole-body scan, which is amazing using AI help sort of compress the data. And we were able to sort of sequentially over time, you know, do it at an affordable price. It allows you to get a longitudinal picture. So one-any-one data point is not that helpful unless you really find something. But over time, if you need less time in the scanner, you get better data, and you're able to see change over time that can predict where you're head. Now, you will sometimes find stuff that's an incidental finding. It's not a problem, like a kidney cyst or a liver cyst or something like that. Usually, the radiologist can tell what that is. Sometimes you find stuff that might be concerning and you need to follow it up. We found aneurysms. We found pituitary tumors. We found, you know, people with more serious problems. And if you find a cancer in an early stage, it's curable. Stage one is curable, whereas if you'd wait until three or four, it's definitely not. So I think, You know, the imaging is accessible now.

It's affordable now. And longitudinally is where it really becomes high value. Got it. If you and I had it, I'm 55. I think you're like my bigger brother, maybe one or two years older. No, I'm sorry. I'm going to be 67, Jason. Amazing.

I don't know how you look better than me, but okay, here we are. I guess you have the inside track on this. But I've been on a health journey myself. And if we had this, you know, if you and I had it, from our, you know, from the 70s, the 80s, the 90s, like, what would that have, what would that unlock for us potentially when we do a consultation with a doctor or, God forbid, something comes up. I think the more data you have and the better it's sorted with AI, the better you're

going to be able to engage with your own health and your health care system and your doctor, ask the right questions to find the right things. And I think, you know, we're in this real pivotal moment from like episodic, fragmented, disease-based, symptom-based care to, you know, proactive, data-driven, longitudinal, continuous healthcare. And with tech, we can finally achieve that. And I don't know if most people listening realize this because I know you focused on tech, but health care is so antiquated and inaccuristic in terms of data.

Like when I tell you that most doctors don't use any kind of tech. heck to make decisions. Like in other words, if you're a financial analyst, you have to use spreadsheets and you use computers. You've got an analyst working for you. If you're a doctor, you basically take a history, you get some lab tests, you're processing your brain, you're right, and you use an electronic medical record,

which is basically just like a computer, you know, two-dimensional paper-winning computers. And for the first time, we're able to actually start to have AI help us assemble large datasets and make sense of it and create a model that never exists to be more in healthcare. So I think it still needs to get kind of worked out, but I think we're going to rapidly iterate and get there.

And then we have decision support. So now, you know, I have companies like Open Evidence, which is amazing. So now I can, you know, take a case of mine. I can throw it all in there. I can, you know, get the best available literature. And I can actually, as a doctor, interact with an AI model that makes me a better doctor. It makes me, you know, a better able to understand the data that my patient is presenting. because I might not have seen, you know, 45 cases of X, Y, or Z.

I might have been three, and I need a kind of refresher. And so using AI as a decision support for providers and for your own personal help is really where we're all going. And this is really interesting because there was a Harvard study recently, last couple of years. It might even been the last year. And the chat GPTs and the large language models basically were as accurate or more accurate than doctors.

incomparable situations. And then the one that kind of shocked me was in terms of the preference of the patient and the bedside manner, the results from the LLM are better. So we take from that what we will. But in your sort of anecdotal experience, like using this and then obviously constructing the product and putting rails on it and harnesses to make sure you give people good advice, where are we at here in this, you know, summer of 2026? If you could, could have a choice like you're, I don't know, a person in a disadvantaged place and you just it's going to take you six months to go see a doctor or you can make a decision with chat. Shp. Today, I'm giving you like hard situations here to be illustrative of the progress.

What would you advise that person to do? Take the raw response on their cold or their, you know, screen. I mean, the beautiful thing about function is that it's $365 and you get access to. your data. And then there's a doctor in the loop. So it's not just the AI. There's a doctor in the loop that make sure that the output that you're getting is actually vet. So it's kind of like a guardrail on it. I'm asking a super hypothetical person's on a desert island, but let's put that out of thing. Just in general, do you trust the data coming out of them right now? When I put in, you know, here's how I'm feeling, here's my symptoms, what should I do next? I'm constantly amazed. And then I bring that to a doctor or an urging care and they're like, yep, that's exactly right. Yeah, I mean, it's gone, I can tell you

just personally using it and trying it out over years and also in the context of trying to understand it for function, just in the last year or four years, since it's all been going, it's gone from terrible to actually pretty good. I don't think we're quite there to unleash it without any guardrails. From terrible to pretty good, no guardrail. We need guard rolls. Got it. So it's like a seven out of ten or something. Yeah, I would say trust, but verify. Yeah, kind of makes sense to me. And, you know, I think at the core of it, I'm not sure if you're aware of these companies, but we invested in a company Micro 1.

They do data, you know, it's like enhanced data label and they hire doctors, they hire accountants. And they very specifically look at all of the output of the LLMs and then retrain them and actually certify, yes. That's what we're doing. That's exactly what we do. And you're doing that too, yeah. Within our company, we have lots of doctors who are reviewing everything that are actually

coming out of the LLMs. and making sure that, you know, it comports with what actually a clinical perspective is that's a human, which is good. So we didn't get to wearables yet. You guys don't have a wearable, but you authenticate with them. Yes. So you can actually all your wearable connected into function. You just have to click a button. It'll connect everything.

It will also, you can do your eMR like that. You can also upload all your other lab data. So if you had other imaging, other lab data, you can put it in there. So it basically becomes your own health repository data. And that doesn't exist now. Like when I see a patient, they got a lab from here. They went to this hospital. I went to that doctor.

They're like, it's impossible for me as a provider to try to make sense of all. And I have like, you know, chart it. We call it chart of Megaly where people come in with a chart like, you know, this thick. And you have to kind of read through everything. And it's a nightmare. But now. And this hip-a-compliance, you just, even if you ask your own doctor, can I have my thing? They're like, yeah.

I'm like, okay, great. Here's my email. And they're like, sorry. I'm going to have to send you a CD-Rom. with a lock code on it and then you're going to have to turn the key at the same time as me. I'm like we're not taking off a nuclear bomb, a rocket here. Like, just I don't care if my health care gets hacked. I'm going to tweet it anyway.

That's right. I'm tweeting my scores. Nobody gives a shit. But HIPAA has like made it impossible to just share records. Yeah. Which is insanity. Like in your system, can I just like give access to my doctor and say, hey? You can right now, you can provide them your password.

and your email to get in, they can see it all, or you can download the things and send it to them. And eventually there's going to be that integration. Multiplayer mode is what we need. We really need multiplayer mode in this. And I hope function can be that sort of place. It happens to every business at some point. You're nearing the end of the month, or maybe it's the quarter,

and your sales team is at risk of missing their quota. You could waste days pulling together data from across the entire organization. Or you could just ask Rippling AI. Rippling's already built. on your real-time people and business data, obviously. So Rippling AI can pull metrics from both Rippling and your CRM into a meeting-ready dashboard. See exactly how close you are to hitting that quota. Break down your revenue by region or sales rep or more.

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slash twist to get the only AI bill to give you full visibility and let you take complex actions across your startup. Do you wear a wearable? Do you think it's important to obsess over sleep, the whoops, the oras, the apples? Because I've gotten a little obsessed with these things over time. I'm looking at my recovery, my HRV, my sleep, everything's stress. I have a little OCD when I get these things. It makes you more stress watching it that it's probably not a good.

Not more stress, but it has shaped my behavior when I'm like, wow, going out until 2 a.m. wrecks you for three days. Going to Japan, like your sleep is just screwed for six, seven days. And then I started feeling a little guilty about it. I'm like, oh, but I'm in Japan. It's pretty cool. So I think I'll let myself go on my recovery score. Yeah, exactly.

Do you wear one? Do you think it's like an important part of the mix or is it just like? I think it is important because I think, you know, we're able to, through these technologies, pick up very subtle signals where things are off and whether it's heart disease, blood pressure, there's a lot of, you know, COVID. I mean, there's a lot of things that show up. So if you have the data integrated in a way with technology, it's a good, it's a good barometer where you're at.

And also, like, it helps you change behavior. So people really shift. I mean, I know, for example, myself, like I noticed, I used to. drink a little bit here and there. And I'm like, I, I'm like, wow, really wrecked my sleep. And that problem is I went to the All-N summit and I bought your freaking tequila. Oh. Oh, be careful with that.

Oh, it's very smooth. I bought some tequila. I'm like, wait a minute. Now, what do I do? I'm sorry. You sip it. I mean, I think it's like really super important because I did learn, I think twice in like two or three years of like the latest wearable I've been experimenting with.

I had one time it was like, hey, by the way, your HRVs really off, what's going on? And then I had a cold. And then another time it was like your skin temperature is crazy. And then I go, I want to get checked, I have a cold. And I was like, wait a second. This is incredible because if that was COVID, if I am correct, that would mean I would have taken whatever that fluxing, whatever. Paxlivid in the window because you have a window to take it. it would have actually, if I'm correct in my, the time I got it.

And that's what exactly it was. It was COVID. It was so crazy. My skin temperature went up two degrees. And it was like, hey, dummy, something's wrong. And I was like, okay. And my wife said, hey, dummy, take a COVID test. Yeah.

Yeah, that's great. Yeah, I think it is excited, Jason. And I think, you know, we're seeing a convergence of multiple things happening all the same time. We're seeing the convergence of like AI with the emerging model of systems medicine. in biology with the quantified self-wearable movement, with capacity to sort of get large data sets on individuals, with the omics revolution where we're able to get, you know, very cheap genomes, very soon, very full, you know, omics, which gives you so much more data. You know, the average doctor is like 20 blood tests. We do 160, but you've got 6,000 metabolites in your

blood from metabolomics. You've got, as I said, tens of thousands of proteins and all these genes. And that's useful information. I think more information for me as a doctorate is always better. The more data I have, the more intelligent decision I can make, the better I can help my patients, the better people can learn about themselves and make empowered decisions about how to activate their own health. Yeah, the alcohol and sugar.

Those are the two really, I think people underestimate the negative impact of those two compounds. Yeah. Yeah. Well, you mentioned the sugar thing. Yes. I think we have an epidemic. of poor metabolic health,

which means people are somewhere in the spectrum of diabetes, from pre-diabetes or pre-pre-diabetes to pre-diabetes to type two diabetes. And we see, according to the data from Tufts, 93% of Americans have some version of this. And not full pre-diabetes, but like to some degree, any estimates are maybe one and two to, you know, maybe three and four have pre-diabetes,

depending on the definition. And what's going on is that, you know, Doctors don't test for it because there's no easy drug for it. I mean, GLP-1 can help, but there's no testing for this on a systematic basis. And so if function of health, we check insulin. It is probably one of the most important biomarkers for your health, period. And it's super cheap. It's like literally dollars.

It's like under $10. I don't even know if it's maybe a couple of dollars. I've been testing it for 30 years. I asked Quest, of all the labs that gets submitted to you, what percent do you include insulin? They're like, oh, less than 1%. So doctors are not looking at this. They don't know how to interpret it. But should be the first thing people are checking in America with the obesity.

It is. And I literally just had a patient this morning whose blood sugar was normal, but whose insulin was like 100, which is extremely high. So the insulin keeps things normal. But she was overweight. She had no visceral fad. She was not healthy. But her blood sugar was, quote, normal.

And doctors check your blood sugar, but that's a very, very late sign. That's like, by the time your blood sugar goes up, you already been, you know, going down the road of a metabolic crisis for a long time. So insulin is super important, and it's one of those things that I think everybody should have tested. And one of the key things we test with function, and we check your A1C,

and we check your particle number and size for cholesterol, which gives you an idea what's going on with your metabolic health too. What about these glucose monitors? I'm noticing a lot of healthy people, like the health nut group wearing a glucose model. I'm like, well, you're like a beast. You look like an Adonis.

What are you doing? They're like, oh, yeah, no, like, I really want to understand my body. Those things seem to cost, like, I don't know, low hundreds of dollars a month, I think. Yeah. And people are kind of getting into that. Is that something you recommend for people to understand their metabolism better, especially people who maybe, like myself, were obese for some period of time? Absolutely.

I mean, I don't think you have to use it forever, but as a way to understand how different foods affect you, it's really important. And everybody's different. the microbiome effect your glucose surges. And so everybody needs to check what foods are good for them and are not. And I think... Why is that? Why is it that my body when I eat a bowl of cereal might be different than your body

when you eat a bowl of cereal? There's a lot of reasons. Genetics play a big role. So like, for example, the Native Americans are a great example. You know, the 80% have type 2 diabetes. But 150 years ago, there was zero cases of type of diabetes. It was because their genetics were really good at starvation and storage. you know, whereas other others are not.

And you might have a can of Coke and your insulin might go up really high. Mine might go up a little bit. Same can of Coke. So it's not the food. It's your biology, you know how it responds to it. And so I think people are learning what foods affect them and which foods asserts are blood sugar, which foods don't, how to construct a meal to balance your blood sugar is so important because balanced blood sugar is the key phenomena that you have to have for healthy aging.

I remember a lecture that I heard from the head of preventive cardiology at Harvard, Dr. Jorge Pletky years ago, and he said, if you were to take a group of 100-year-old people that have clean arteries, they'd have one thing in common. And I said, what's that? He said, they'd be insulin sensitive, meaning their blood sugar would be well regulated, and they would not be insulin resistant, which most Americans are. Like at least three quarters of, or two-thirds, sorry, of our members that function have an insulin level. that is over the reference range for the lab, which is 18. Optimal should be like under 10 or even 5. So the way we come up with, quote, normal ranges is we say, what's the average in a population, two standard aviation's away?

So if you're like a marshal and you land in America, it's normal to be overweight because 75% of us are overweight. It's not optimal, but it's normal. That doesn't make any sense. I mean, that sounds like somebody doing an insurance table or something Fugazi is not trying to make that happen. And then I also learned, like, I was like this, I would get hungry. 11 o'clock at night, I have a bowl of cereal.

Then I have a second bowl. And I watch, I'm like, oh, my God, I'm spiking like crazy. Then I do the experiment. I have some hog and das. It barely spikes. I'm like, wait a second. Come on. I can have a scoop of ice cream instead of a bowl with cereal.

That's like totally counterintuitive. It's got fat protein in it. Exactly. And cereal, and when starches, those sugars are just deconstructed industrial science project that spike your sugar crazy. So yeah. Yeah. And we sold on our whole life. Yeah, just have a bowl of weedies. You're good. It's like, no, that's like I might as I have three balls of three balls of sugar. Yeah, I'm like, I have a confession to make. I'm a serial killer. C-E-A-R. It's so good. Serial kill, exactly. I loved it myself. And then the other thing I learned doing it was

the order of like eating stuff matters. So it's like, yeah, if you want to have some mashed potatoes, yeah, after you have your steak or after you have your fish, you can have some of the pasta, just eat it in that order. I'm like, so I did that experiment. Yeah. And then the final one that was incredible was, oh yeah, walk 10 minutes to your car after dinner. Yeah. And it's a whole different profile. So then I made this tiny adjustment. You go to the parking lot where I'm going to a restaurant. I don't use the valet. I save 20 bucks, Dr. Mark. I park on the street five blocks away on purpose. That's great. Save $20. And then if I'm five blocks away, it's a half mile together. So here I go. and sometimes I'll make a loop.

These are very simple things that I would never have done if I didn't actually run experiments myself. Yeah. I think part of the... Yeah, don't eat carbs first, you know, walk after eating. It's very simple, right?

Don't eat cereal, eat ice cream. Well, so let's talk about GLPs for a second. I think this is really interesting. I was listening to a podcast with my friend Tim Ferriss and his pal, Kevin Rose, four or five years ago during COVID. Yeah.

And my friend Kevin Rose, who did the website dig was saying, he's a biohacker. He's like, yeah, I'm using this O-Zemic thing. I'm taking this pen. It's for diabetics because I want to get rid of some visceral pali-di-a-di-y-a-y-hi-hi-h. Go to my doctor.

I say, listen, I want to get on this thing. I'm literally 213 pounds. I'm 5-8-and-half. Like, I was 40-plus pounds overweight. And my doctor's like, I don't know what you're talking about. That's for diabetics. I'm like, yeah, can you listen this podcast? He's like, what's a podcast?

I'm like, okay. Here we go again. What's a podcast? What's a podcast? Yeah. What's a podcast? Anyway, I said, listen, if you can get me this, great. If you don't get it, I'm going to another doctor, and this is the end of a relationship.

I want to do this experiment. You should want to do it, too, because this is the future. He's like, all right, whatever, Jake, I do. I do it, unbelievable. Just, and I start doing intermittent fasting, boom. Yeah. I also have a friend who is not me who tested doing some Reddit Trutide. It was someone who is not me.

Swim. My friend swim, it's not me. And I was just able to go from 2013 to 168, you know, just very elegantly. And I feel great. I had a little muscle. What is this magic of GLPs? And then where is this going to be in another year or two? Because I had a couple people in my life.

They refused to take that little shot. There now, I have three people in my life who are taking the pill. And is it advisable? Because I got a lot of friends who are part of this Austin fitness lunacy. And they're look like Adonis. They're from the cast of 300. And they're taking a micro dose. They're taking a microdose.

Is everybody going to be on a microdose? And it's a great question. I think we have had really altered microbiomes and our diets are not optimizing our microbiome. And a healthy microbiome is necessary for actually your own endogenous GLP1 production because the body makes GLP1. And so we have kind of a lot of reasons why we kind of have this whole obesity epidemic. And I think JMP1s are a tool, like any other tool.

They're not a panacea. They do have concerns and side effects. There's about a 4% serious adverse side effect profile with these. Now, 4% doesn't sound like a lot, but if you took 100 million people and put them on it, that's 4 million people. And about 75% have digestive issues. There's muscle law. People aren't focused on maintaining muscle.

So I think you used in the right way for the right person, probably not the person who just wants to lose like five pounds, but you know, you can do it in conjunction with a doctor who focus on nutrition, adequate protein consumption, and strength training, so you don't lose muscle because that's a big problem. If you lose muscle, then you're losing your metabolic engine, you burn less calories at the same weight. And if you gain back the weight, which most people do if they stop, then you end up in an even worse situation because you're getting back all the weight is fat. Then you're skinny fat. Your skinny fat, yes. Technical term. Yes. All right. We call Tofi thin on the outside, sat on the inside, skinny, yeah.

Oh, I like it. And that's not great. So I think, you know, my view is in, they're prescribed, they should be prescribed with nutrition and exercise program. And in terms of the microdosing, there's a lot of people doing it. There's not a lot of data on it. We don't really know long-term benefits, consequences. People are, you know, raving about it.

I personally don't think it's not necessary. I think if you understand your own biology, if you understand what works and what doesn't. You know, I'm 66. I'm going to be 67. I have 10% body fat. I have no visceral fat. You know, I know what to do.

I don't take any of these drugs. I know how to exercise. I know how to eat well. Do I have ice cream? For sure, I have ice cream and cookies like everybody else, but they're just a very small part of my diet. So I think, that's not to say that people, like, you know, who struggle and you've been one of those people who, you know,

in American culture, eating all the shitty processed food, who gets stuck, these drugs can be a lifesaver. That was the thing I figured out from it, is that I gained two or three pounds a year. I used to be a marathon runner. I was railfin.

I was 162, 163 pounds running marathons. And then just got married, had kids, had two or three pounds a year. All of a sudden I look up. I'm like, well, how am I 45 pounds overweight? Yeah. And then I looked at my weaving scale. And it was literally like every year,

two or three pounds. And then you wake up one day and you're like, wow, everything hurts. So let's go to the working out part of this. You know, I have been, you know, I listen to all your podcast and everything. This rucking thing is really interesting. I got the weight vest.

I started rucking around my ranch here out in the hill country. And it's a game changer of all game changers. Then I had the farmers walk to it. And I don't like work out with weights. I don't do serious cardio anymore. I just walk a mile or two in a weight vest, 20, 30 pounds. Yeah. And then I do a half mile, alternating days or whatever, with anywhere from 10 to 20 pounds

on each arm, walk a half mile, my heart rate goes crazy, and I sleep like a baby. Talk to me about this, like, what is the optimal working out that we figured out from the science? Because I know running, my knees hurt at this stage from so many marathons. What's optimal for humans? Is it rucking and this, like, farmland? What's putting on, walking through the woods? What's obvious? Yes.

I mean, weight resistance to your body weight is important. And whatever, whether it's trucking or carrying weights or doing bands or doing weights or doing kettle balls, whatever it is, muscle is the currency of longevity. If you want to live a long, healthy life, you need a muscle because it is not just there moving your skeleton around. It's the metabolic sink for your body. And in the words, when you eat and you move, you're most of it's going to your muscle. do that and it's basically soaking up all the glucose and doing all the things you need to do

and if your muscle's inefficient if you actually have a you know a rib eye instead of or a waggo rib eye instead of like a filet mignon which is what a lot of people end up having they get marbled fat it doesn't function well and it creates inflammation it creates heart disease creates diabetes creates cancer risk dementia risk and so so string is really important and I think um it doesn't be a lot it can be 20 minutes three times a week uh but you want to do a all the major muscle groups. And then, you know, walking is, if people don't do anything, walking is great. And if you want to do more, great. Caring, you know, caring, uh, weighted best is great also because that, that puts extra strain on your body. Also with, um, you know, bone density

and metabolic health. So there's a lot of ways to do it. Use of what you like. I mean, I like to ride my bikes. I'm going to go for a bike right after this. And I enjoy being in the country. Um, you know, I do work out with bands when I'm traveling and running candy gym. I'll go to the gym. But I'm pretty consistent about it. And I can tell you it's really transformed my life. And as you're getting older, you know, losing muscle is what causes frailty, disability, dysfunction, and then the sort of a downward spiral. So I think, you know, I plan on. In the 50s and 60s, you should be trying to add a little bit of muscle to the frame and make the muscle strong so that it doesn't atrophy too much.

I mean, I'll send you a picture of me and in my 40s and then me now. It's kind of distorted because on my 40s, I was skinny. I was a runner. I bike, but I didn't do any strain training. And then I started doing a string training when I'm 59, and my body's completely transformed. I mean, I don't look like the Hulk because it's all the tall thing guy. Well, I mean, 10% body you've had pretty, you're getting close to Michael Jordan level there. All right, as we wrap, it's your choice here.

I want to talk about this, the massive amount of what I believe is overdiagnosis of mental illness and then people using all kinds of SSRIs and, you know, anxiety medications. And I, you know, whether it's young kids or just, I'm Gen X, so we were the first Prozac generation. I just have a lot of friends who've been on these things for far too long. They're taking speed, aka Adderall. Yeah. And they think it's a productivity thing. And then I have some of them come to me and they're like, you know what?

After 20 years of doing this is the biggest mistake of my life. I lost a decade. They go on Kwanapin. They were on SSRIs. And it went from being like, I'm having a tough time in life to being this is. is my standard way I'm going to manage my brain chemistry. Yeah. And, you know, friends of mine with, on two or three of them, I just watch them lose a decade.

It's like tragic. And then with the kids there, want to put like every kid on speed, riddle, and this, that, because they are behind in math. And I'm like, who cares? Yeah. The LLM in the sky is going to do all the math. They'll solve every math problem in the world. But why are we scrambling people's brains?

What's your take on the over-prescrans? overprescribing of this stuff and then everybody's got a mental disorder. It can't possibly be this many people who are on the spectrum. We've met with me medical. No, no, you're not crazy. We've medicalized psychiatry. I mean, it's just, I think, you know, we do have a mental health crisis in America. And I think it's not well understood by traditional psychiatry, which likes to label people

and then give them drugs for those labels, whether it's depression or ADD or OCD or whatever. the truth is that and I and I think function is highlighting this because there's a lot of biology that's underneath problems with mental health and I literally this morning I just was reviewing a patient's results and who done function and they they had low omega-3s they had low vitamin B they had low B vitamins based on a homocysteine test which we do they had insulin resistance all of these things cause psychiatric symptoms whether it's just depression or anxiety or low magnesium can do that. And so there are biomarkers of mental health and there are biological causes. And there's now, there's now a whole school of nutritional

psychiatry at Harvard, metabolic psychiatry at Stanford. There's a lot of research going on in this. They're just doing nutritional interventions. Our ultra-process diet is driving a huge mental health crisis. There's a lot of data on this. This is well established in the scientific literature. And so I think, you know, we are, we are not trying to. treating the cause, we're treating the symptom. And I wrote about, one of my books, I was researching, you know, kids and all these mental health issues. And I've seen a lot of these because of my practice,

and when you get them healthy, these things go away. But in this one study, they looked at juvenile detention centers and kids who were violent and aggressive, and they were able to give them real food and get rid of the crap. And the violent crime went down by 97% in the juvenile detention center. Amazing. The use of restraints went down 75%. and suicide went down 100% in his teenage boys, which is the number third leading cause of death in that age group.

So food plays a huge role and people aren't looking. So I think, you know, we do overprescribe psychiatric drugs. We are medicalizing things. We're not dealing with the causes. And I think, you know, a company on functional health is giving people access to data that allows actually to see these things and treat them. And I think that's important. I always thought Tom Cruise was right. When he started ranting about this and he's like, you know, diet, exercise, like,

And that, you know, and he is basically his rant is what you just said to a certain extent. And I was like, wow, how did he figure this out before anybody else? Like, and this psychiatry movement and the talk therapy movement, all the stuff. Okay, perhaps well-intentioned and I'm sure there's great practitioners and everything,

but they sent people down this path of like, just take a pill. And it's like, if you exercise, if you have anxiety and you go socialize and exercise and you meditate, and I do this with my kids. Say if you're feeling blue or something's not right, have your diet, your exercise, your sleep, your meditation, and your socialization.

Those are the big five. 100%. And I said, these are the five I work on because sometimes I feel blue or I feel anxious or depressed. And I've had a great life. And I'm like, did I have dinner with my friends? Have I meditated?

What's my sleep like? What's my diet? What's the last time I'm exercising? Whenever I'm feeling blue, I have a 1.5 out of five score. Yeah. When I feel great, I've got a four or, you know, three, four, or five. Yeah, that's right. As you're right, I mean, it is, it is really important that people understand that a lot of

psychiatric problems can be treated with lifestyle and with foundational things that you talk about. And the data is there. The data is there about nutrition, about exercise, about meditation, about, you know, just overall nutritional status. So I think, I think you're, you're hitting the all in the head. And I think, for me, this has been a big passion of mine is how do we, how do we re, re-frame and rethink about mental health in this country because what we're doing is terrible

I mean we just is reframing it like if you if you had a dog and the dog was not behaving well and you say oh on the days when the dog goes for a long walk such a delightful dog and the days when it's cooped up inside it's like biting people so like right how different are we not let's end on psychedelics let's end on this incredible research we're starting to see PTSD incurable depression or supposedly incurred depression. At Stanford, I have a friend who's doing incredible work in ketamine drips, specifically for people with, like, incurable cancer, incurable depression, it's very severe.

And they will have two weeks of, like, incredible, these are people who would, you know, 20 years depressed, and then they have two amazing weeks or six months. Nobody knows. Like, it's like, it could go either way. And then Ibegain and all these stories of people with PTSD coming back forward. They take, I began to tell me, I have a couple of friends who did it. They said, oh, my entire hard drive got refragmented.

And for some reason, I'm not thinking about these horrible things that I witnessed in my life where I experienced. But then on the other side, a lot of biohackers with, you know, ketamine prescriptions of unknown origin. Yeah, that's not good. And I'm like, a little ahead of a couple friends. And I'm like, hey, you're taking ketamine on a Tuesday while watching Netflix and you're, like, why?

Yeah, exactly. What is this about? And it's like, I'm bored. And I'm like, you're bored and you're scrambling your brain for no reason. Yeah. So how do you think the United States should look at that class of compounds? And then what's the right modality if people were interested in, you know, understanding or learning more about them?

And then what's the wrong way? Yeah. I mean, that's definitely not a function of function. And we don't really know. But you've talked about it on your pop. But I, but I, but, you know, know, as a doctor, talking about this, what I would say is that we're undergoing a phenomenal revolution in psychiatry that's really two-pronged. One is this nutritional metabolic psychiatry and the

other is psychedelic psychiatry. And I think, you know, we need more data. We need more investment. And I think, you know, Texas is putting up a bunch of money. The U.S. government is putting a bunch of money. I think this is an all good thing. And the data, early data is promising around psilocybin, around MDMA, around Ibig gain. We just need more data. And it's not ready for prime time yet. it's not ready for expansion to the population as a whole. I think there are people doing it underground, but I think it really should be done carefully, rigorously, and scientifically. And I think we will see that these compounds probably are doing things that involved repair of the brain,

the neuroplasticity. You know, I've seen reports of, you know, MRI scans improving from brain trauma with I being, for example. These are doing some really remarkable things that are just not just symptomatic treatment. They're literally, like you said, almost defragging or rewriting the software code. in your brain. And I think it's really exciting because there's nothing like this has come up in psychiatry ever. I mean, and if given the choice, you know, if we as a society are going to look at this, you know, you have people who are suffering and they take the route of opioids. And man, the doctor class had a big part in that, right? Like, you can just take a higher dosage of

percocet or oxy cotton. Like they just seem to be obsessed with that pain relief. And then people do street sharks, fentanyl, whatever. They try to, like, fix whatever's wrong with them. And then you have this, like, middle part, SSRIs and anti-anxiety, and let's hop you up. And then you have this third option, or these third and fourth option, your health, your diet, and then psychedelics, like, these two seem to be the last two, the place where we can really think as a society of investing in research and really, you know, looking at that as potential modalities.

This is my personal feeling. No, I agree. I think we're in this. We're in a quite an exciting era. I think medicine's changing as a whole. I think function is at the forefront of that. I think psychiatry is changing. I think it's a good moment.

I think it's a good moment. Yeah. Perfect spot for us to end. You've got to go on your bike ride and your time is valuable. Functionhealth.com, everybody, functionhealth.com. Go to function health. com, sign up.

Get your blood work done. And, yeah, get it dialed in. Take control of your health. There you know, folks, an hour with Dr. Mark Hyman. I got a couple of personal questions. And I'm good. Got my free consultation with my new concierge doctor.

I do have them all out here. What should I do? You know, my shoulder, I did a BPC from 157 over here. All right, everybody. We'll see you next time. Bye. All right.