Timesuck with Dan Cummins - 190 - The Multiverse

Episode Date: May 4, 2020

Are there other yous living in other, parallel dimensions? Are there an infinite number of other yous? Where the Hell are they? Today we talk about multiverse theory and it is a fascinating brain-buster. We glance over the history of cosmology and look at some of the minds whose intelligent, relentless questioning and study advanced our understanding of the stars and our place in them time and time again, often at great personal cost. How much further could our understanding of the cosmos go? Will we ever be able to meet.... ourselves? I hope you enjoy the best my limited mind could do with this unlimited subject. Hail Nimrod! New standup special and album, Get Outta Here; Devil! out on Amazon, AppleTV, cable-on-demand, Spotify, iTunes, Pandora, and more. We've donated $5,400 this month to Penfed! The mission of the PenFed Foundation for Military Heroes is to empower military service members, veterans and their communities with the skills and resources to realize financial stability and opportunity. To find out more, visit https://penfedfoundation.org/ Watch the Suck on YouTube: https://youtu.be/KCSWsXYVCuwMerch - https://badmagicmerch.com/ Try out Discord! https://discord.gg/tqzH89v Want to join the Cult of the Curious private Facebook Group? Go directly to Facebook and search for "Cult of the Curious" in order to locate whatever current page hasn't been put in FB Jail :) For all merch related questions: https://badmagicmerch.com/pages/contact Please rate and subscribe on iTunes and elsewhere and follow the suck on social media!! @timesuckpodcast on IG and http://www.facebook.com/timesuckpodcast Wanna become a Space Lizard? We're over 8000 strong! Click here: https://www.patreon.com/timesuckpodcast Sign up through Patreon and for $5 a month you get to listen to the Secret Suck, which will drop Thursdays at Noon, PST. You'll also get 20% off of all regular Timesuck merch PLUS access to exclusive Space Lizard merch. You get to vote on two Monday topics each month via the app. And you get the download link for my new comedy album, Feel the Heat. Check the Patreon posts to find out how to download the new album and take advantage of other benefits.

The multiverse theory, the concept that our universe is but one of many, one of perhaps an infinite number of other universes. And in those other universes, there are other earths, other use and other me's. Maybe you dropped out of college to take a job and then later regretted it in this world. What if there's another world with another you identical up until that point who then didn't do that? Another youth from that point on lived a new parallel reality to yours. Perhaps in some parallel universe, this topic did not win the Patreon vote. Maybe I'm

talking about the runner-up topic right now, Egyptian gods, and some other world, making King Tut and Rod jokes. The concept of the multiverse or multiverse theory, the idea of multiple or endless universes running alongside ours simultaneously, is nothing new. It's been a part of human storytelling and philosophies for centuries. It's been a some part of scientific speculation for about as long as there has been science. Is it proven? Are there definitely other universes out there? Nah.

Is it possible? Do a lot of very intelligent people believe very strongly in the concept of a multiverse? Yes. In this episode of TimeSuck, we're going to learn about some of the concept of a multiverse. Yes. In this episode of TimeSuck, we're going to learn about some of the giants of science has passed on whose shoulders, much of modern society stands today. We'll also track a lot of the history of cosmology, the study of the structure and evolution of the universe starting over 3000 years ago, running up to today. The concept of the multiverse has captured the imagination of millions

for good reason. It's super cool to think about other worlds like ours. Where are they? Could we ever access them? Thoughts like these continued to inspire the science-minded and fans of sci-fi and fantasy, meat-sacks who enjoy thinking, complicated thoughts about the nature of our reality or multiple realities. Time now to jump into a very black hole, the upside down, the midnight gospel, Rick and Morty thought provoking brain, busting addition of time suck. This is Michael McDonald and you're listening

to Time suck, you listening to Time suck. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. Hail Nimrod and Happy Monday, Midsack I hope it is a happy Monday for you. I hope you're holding up, persevering, thriving or at least surviving until it's time again to thrive. Thanks for choosing to go on a little mind adventure with me today. I'm Dan Cummins, Sustard Thomas, Master of Mushemouth, Tiny Mouth, Professional Speaker, a hopeful tamer of Lucifina and

you are listing two time stock. Praise Bojangles, glory be to triple him. Who's doing fine? Because Michael Mothafuck and McDonald is immortal. Thank you for the continued ratings and reviews. Always appreciate it. Thanks for continuing to send in updates to Bojangles at timesockpodcast.com. We've got some great updates to go over in today's time sucker updates.

And thanks to so many of you for checking out, get out of here, devil. My new one hour special of stand up on Amazon Prime, Apple TV cable on demand and elsewhere. It's also out on audio, Spotify, Pandora, you know, iTunes and more. Google Play, appreciate you posting about it. If you haven't seen it or listened, please do. Really proud of how it turned out. The toxic thoughts to a remains. Of course, on hold TBD, can't wait to let you know when I will be back on the road with some certainty.

Also to any of our medical nerd listeners, I know we have a lot. Hurry up, all right. Please hurry up and magically make COVID-19 go away. We know you can do it. Get rid of, you know, even worse diseases like cancer while you're at it, all right. I'm thinking about this, and if you don't cure it all soon, here's what I propose. I propose we start rounding up validatorians and heads of neurosurgery and epidemiology professors and other nerds, and we start publicly executing a thousand a day, all right? Maybe then you work a little faster. I know you fucking nerds can do it. So if we need to put on a little nerd purge,

you know, to give you some proper motivation, then that's what we got to do. All right, I don't like it, but it feels reasonable. Stop fucking around. Stop playing with your beakers and drawing dicks on whiteboards and, you know, get your ax together. I kid, okay, thank you, actually medical professionals

for being the brave soldiers fighting this pandemic right now. Do appreciate you, but seriously, cure it, stop, stop dicking around. Do appreciate you, but seriously, just stop sticking around. New charity time, Hail Nimrod, been thinking a lot about the military lately, many returned from serving overseas or completed their service on bases here in the States, only to find themselves in the middle

of an economic shit show, thanks to our new normal. And we want to help here at Time Sucks, so we're giving our monthly Patreon donation of $5,400 to the Penn Fed Foundation. Penn Fed was the first national veterans organization to launch its COVID-19 relief program for emergency financial assistance in March. The response to the program is with over 6,000 applications. And you know, just the first four days was overwhelming. They need money to help as many people as they can. They provide financial assistance to veterans and veterans only.

The mission of the Penn Fed Foundation for military heroes is to empower military service members, veterans and their communities with the skills and resources to realize financial stability and opportunity. They help veterans buy homes, go to school, help them pay their bills when times get tough like right now. So go to penfedfoundation.org to find out more. Link in the episode description. And from the bottom of my heart, all of our hearts here, truly, truly thank you for your service. It's not just some nice shit to say, we mean it.

Now let's get weird. New Captain Whisker horns, pony playing podium T is in the bad magic merch store. And that right, Sappororon, Spookmaster! Easy girl! Easy girl! Easy. Does Don Doverman have a shirt for Dogon Don's Puppy Play Megastore butt dungeon kettle? No, he does not! He's a piece of shit! And an embarrassment to the Quad State area! So support Captain Whiskorhorns Pony Plain-Porium!

Like, grab a seat, the bad magic merch store, badmagicmuch.com. Yeah, yeah, that's right. Right next to wind. And that's all the announcements. So there you go. Let's get into this crazy science. Oh, geez, gosh, dang. Gosh dang. Alright, let's seriously talk about some science, me, Sachs. Without science, the possibility of the multiverse means no more than the possibility of seeing Sasquatch right in the unicorn on your way to the grocery store.

It's just pure, well, you know, I thought of it, so it might be true. Non-scientific speculation. Modern science, named the scientific method, one could argue, has for sure changed our world for the better. It doesn't just lead to thoughts of the multiverse, leads to a lot of very real practical things. It's made our life better. I think more than just about anything else I could think of. You know, think about it. Since the advent of modern science, our life spans have doubled. Our medicines reduce pain and suffering far more than at any other point in history right gone or the days of whiskey?

Laudanum sa And you know our technological amenities make human prosperity easier easier to achieve for the common man or woman air conditioning Now allows us to not have an ass crack full to sweat when it's 103 outside and heavy humidity air conditioning allows us to snuggle up under some blankets in a cool room when it's 103 degrees outside with heavy humidity So thank you Willis carrier Willis invented the first modern air conditioner in New York to snuggle up under some blankets in a cool room when it's 103 degrees outside with heavy humidity. So thank you, Willis Carrier. Willis invented the first modern air conditioner in New York, 1902. Hot showers, antibacterial soap, deodorant lotion, for a few bucks you can clean off and lotion up and feel more luxurious than royalty felt just a few centuries ago.

Amazing. So thank you, William, Feedham for inventing the first modern shower in England in 1767. Online shopping. You can shop from stores around the world from the comfort of your living room. You can order gourmet, pre-made, frozen organic meals, have them dropped off at your damn door. Throw them in the microwave for lunch or dinner. And I'll be eating a glorious meal in four minutes. And you can do that as a working class person, not some robber baron, or you know, wealthy industrialists. So thank you, Tim Berners-Lee for inventing the worldwide web in the first web browser, the version of the internet that makes online shopping possible in England in 1990. You can talk to friends around the world and see their faces,

talk face to virtual face in real time, no waiting months for that lettery road with a damn quill to float back across the ocean. You can video conference to apps like FaceTime Skype zoom on your phone. Thank you, Martin Cooper for inventing the first handheld cellular phone in Illinois in 1973. Phone that didn't reach the market until 1983. You can order prescription medicine online now. Medicine that will knock out diseases that would have killed emperors.

In centuries past. Thank you, Alexander Fleming for finding penicillin, the first true antibiotic in 1928 and London. Hail Nimrod, you beautiful bastards. You can even order a fleshlight now and jerk off and do a sex toy slash creepy flashlight tube that I've heard feels a lot like a real vagina, you know, even though your hand probably works fine

and then you could pop out the fake vagina slave and wash it in the sink, while you wonder how your life is sunk into this point, you couldn't feel that kind of shame in 1994. Because masturbation, visionary, Steve Schubert didn't invent that shit until 1995. So thank you, Steve. But seriously, I can go on and on. Listing amenities, we enjoy because of either directly or indirectly, various types of scientists making discoveries that continually change our lives for the better. And interestingly, it wasn't a hive mind

or a group effort that made many of the leaves forwarded in understanding possible. In most cases, individuals with a variety of different motivations followed their natural scientific curiosities, put in thousands and thousands of hours of study to understand the science of their thousands and thousands of hours of study to understand the science of their day, thousands of hours, you know, more pushing beyond the boundaries of the knowledge of their day to take life forward. And things keep pushing forward because when one

scientific thinker makes a major breakthrough, other individuals expand on that research to make more breakthroughs. In many ways, we stand on the shoulders of giants and the view is pretty damn good. So thank you, science, thank you, scientists. And regarding today's topic, thank you Cosmologists, scientists who studied the very nature of the universe. Scientists who pushed to understand that Earth's place in the universe and what the universe is,

people who take a scientific look into the nature of our reality, people who have given us the ability to look at least somewhat intelligently into the possibility of our reality, people who have given us the ability to look at least somewhat intelligently into the possibility of extreme ideas like the multiverse theory. Before we get into breaking down the multiverse theory, let's look at some individual giants of cosmology that have led us to where we are now. Then we'll get into the science of the multiverse theory and, you know, breaking down as well as a non-scientist like myself can.

We'll start by heading to Ancient Greece, Greece, and meeting a mythical man, early questioner of the cosmos named Pythagoras, who lived from 582 BCE to 496 BCE. When it came to astronomy and understanding the nature of the universe Pythagoras and his devoted student followers were fascinated by the possible numerical relations of the planets, the moon, and the sun, they believed that possible numerical relations of the planets, the moon and the sun.

They believed that the celestial spheres of the planets aligned to produce a harmony called the music of the spheres. This early universe speculation would be re-examined many centuries later by Johannes Kepler and his attempt to formulate a model of the solar system in his work the harmony of the worlds. Pathagrin believed that the Earth itself was in motion. This was a radically new idea. Pathagrin was ahead of his time pushing huge advancements in mathematics as well,

notably in the area of geometry. He's often called the world's first true mathematician, thought of to have been the first to establish that the sum of the angles of a triangle is equal to two right angles and that for a right angled triangle, the square on the hypotenuse is equal to the sum of the squares and the other two sides.

And why is geometry important? So many ways. Geometric principles have been applied to art, former suck subject to Vinci. Wouldn't have been able to paint the balanced masterpieces he did without understanding geometry. Geometric understanding has allowed for huge advancements in architecture, engineering, robotics, astronomy, sculpture, space, nature, sports, machines, cars, and much more. So thanks, Pythagoras. Pythagoras was also like a lot of really intellectually gifted people.

Fucking weirdo. As followers, weren't normal students. They were cult members, basically. New members were forbidden from speaking for the first five years of membership, under learning from Pythagoras. May have five years without speaking. I don't wanna study under anyone that badly. If I knew you could teach me how to like live forever,

travel between dimensions, shoot fire with my mind, and be traveling to the future, have a secret magic cash machine in my basement that made real money. All right, I'll shut the fuck up for five years. But if you try and back out of that deal, you know, like four years in, I'm gonna kill you. But Sagriss weirded out a lot of his fellow Greeks to the point that his house was burned down by a scared and angry mob.

He was chased out of town by people fearing his mystic command over his followers and the sacredness of numbers. And why did people freak out, you know, really? Well, his followers did, they did some weird stuff. When he and his followers would solve a new equation, they'd sacrifice an ox to the gods. They would literally pray to the number 10. They consider the number 10 to be divine. Pythagoras, his followers came to think that he was a god.

Strange legends spread about him. One of the strangest is that he had a golden thigh. Sounds painful. Doesn't sound flexible. Guy of tight hamstrings. But I feel like they'd be way tighter if I had golden thighs. And according to obvious legend, when he once showed his golden thigh to a priest,

he was given a magical dart. The letting fly over mountains, expelled diseases and calms storms. Greeks, they believed a lot of weird shit. Wish I had a magical dart. Golden thigh sounds shitty, but golden dart, you know, whatever sounds pretty awesome. Or Magic Dart, excuse me. Uh, but Sagarris was also super odd when it came to beans.

Maybe the weirdest guy when it came to beans I've ever read about. You heard that right, beans, B-E-A-N-S. He had a lot of rules. He explained his followers to obey. And one of them was that you don't ever, I mean, ever touch anyone's, Fava Beans. You stay away from the fucking Fava Beans, put them down. He seriously thought beans hurt your soul. He knew that beans gave you gas

and this mathematical genius and early cosmologist thought that when you farted, you could fart out of peace your soul like a week in you. Huh? I don't worry about Farts a week in a week. I definitely think they can weaken others around though. They're not gonna weaken you if you're farting, but they're gonna weaken people around you.

Like my dog ginger Farts a lot, and I definitely don't feel like I'm at full strength when she butt blasts my face in bed. The Zagoras also taught that the beans themselves had souls, dude, had a lot of bean beliefs. He thought the beans contained the souls of the dead inside of them, and he once told his followers, quote, eating Fava beans, and nine on the heads of one's parents are one and the same.

Okay. So while he was really good at math, he was really bad at understanding beans. To be fair to him, he did live a long time ago when everyone believed crazy shit because the world didn't have enough science in it. And seriously, not kidding about the bean stuff. I know it sounds like one of the lies I would tell. Now that was, that was prithagoras. And now let's fast forward, over half a millennia to another Greek, Tullamaeus. Claudius Tullamaeus, known in English as Tullamy,

was a Greek geographer, astronomer and astrologer, who probably lived and worked in Alexandria, Egypt, born around a hundred CE. No one knows for certain if he was related to the Tullamy dynasty that ruled Egypt, that was loaded with incest and led to Cleopatra that we learned about many succs ago. He might have been. He might have been a bone to sister three, very different times. Ptolemy was the author of the astronomical treatise known as the Almagest, aka the Great Treatise. It was preserved like most of classical Greek science and Arabic manuscripts and

only finally made available in Latin translation in the 12th century. In this work, one of the most influential books of antiquity told me compiled the astronomical, astronomical, there we go. Knowledge of the ancient Greek and Babylonian world, he relied mainly on the work of Hipparchus of three centuries earlier. Ptolemy formulated a geocentric model of the solar system, explaining the motions of the heavens, which the Earth was the center of the universe. All other celestial bodies rotated around it, which remained the generally accepted model

in the Western and Arab worlds, until it was overthrown by the Copernican Revolution after Galileo and Copernicus, brought a belief back that the planet's over to the sun, heliocentrism, to Europe centuries later. Unfortunately, for entertainment value, very little is known about TallahMee's personal life, so we don't have any weird stories about him.

But just like he may have been incestuous, he may have also once wore a necklace with the bag of mouse bones around his neck as a kid, because that's when ancient Egyptians used to do to cure bedwetting. That's what they thought cured bedwetting is, you know, for a while, was having a little necklace of mouse bones, hang on any neck. One of that works, I'd be so fucking weird if it worked. They did a lot of other things,

considered strange by today's standards of normalcy. So you most likely did a lot of stuff we'd think of as odd. Now let's jump up to another early cosmologist. One of the most famous nerds in history, Nicholas Copernicus. Nicholas Copernicus was a Polish astronomer. Yeah, right.

Nice try, Al Gore. Are you trying to trick me with your dark internet sorcery? Let's close some fake news propaganda pushed by Al Gore and the Filthy Poles' Pain Al Gore to serve their internet agendas. There's no way someone famous for being smart could also be Polish. Come on. If you believe Copernicus was Polish, I bet you also believe that Polish people have souls or that they don't eat many of their own babies

or that they're not created by the devil. Okay, of course. Copernicus really was Polish and incredibly good chunk of his formal education occurred in Poland. So I find fascinating because I didn't know that Poland had schools and I'll stop now. You learn a lot in Poland,

then you got into cosmology while studying in Italy. It was a mathematician economist, cosmologist who developed a heliocentric sun-centered theory of the solar system in a form detailed enough to make it scientifically useful. That model actually had been postulated centuries earlier, more than that later, but he didn't know that. His theory about the sun is the center of the solar system. He thought the sun was close to the center, actually, not exactly in center. He's considered the fundamental starting point of modern astronomy and modern science itself helping to kick off the scientific revolution. It was widely accepted during his day that the earth

was the very center of the universe. How could it not be? Our planet is the only planet that matters. Suck it, aliens. There have affected many other aspects of human life, opening the door to young astronomers everywhere to challenge the facts, never take anything. It just, you know, face value. What weird facts are out there about this, dude, not many actually. He may have slept with his housekeeper, niece, as the most dirt I could find. As an official in the Catholic Church, Copernicus took a vow of celibacy. He never married.

It was most likely a virgin, but he may have had at least one romantic relationship. In the late 1530, the astronomer was in his sixties when Anna Schilling, a woman in her late forties, began living with him. Schilling may have been related to Copernicus. Some historians think he was her great uncle, and she worked as his housekeeper for two years, and it was a little bit of a scandal, because for some reason, the bishop, he worked under admonished Copernicus twice for having Schilling live with him. Even telling the astronomer to fire her and writing to other church officials about the matter when he didn't.

If he did do anything, he probably worked hard to keep it quiet. So he didn't get killed in some type of inquisition situation. Another great mind with the folks on the stars who did do a lot of weird shit, a lot of weird shit happened to him was 16th century luminary, Tiko bra. Tiko bra was a Danish of weird shit. A lot of weird shit happened to him. With 16th century luminary, Tiko Bra. Tiko Bra was a Danish nobleman, plus, well known as an astronomer, astrologer, and alchemist. Tiko was the preeminent observational astronomer

of the pre-telloscopic period and his observations of stellar and planetary positions achieved unparalleled accuracy for their time. And after his death, his records regarding the motion of the planet Mars enabled Kepler to discover the laws of planetary motion, which provided powerful support for the Copernican heliocentric theory of the solar system. Since most people still insisted the Earth was for sure the center of the solar system. And I'm not surprised at all.

People still insisted that in the 16th century that the earth was still the center. We have people who still insist that the earth is flat today, half a millennial later in the 21st century. Tico proposed a system in which the planets other than earth orbited the sun while the sun orbited the earth seems complicated. His system provided a safe transition position for astronomers who were dissatisfied with older models, but were reluctant to accept the Earth's motion.

Also Tiko was a fucking lunatic while he was studying at the University of Ross, Staten and Germany. He got into a heated argument with another space nerd about who was the better mathematician and he challenged the student, men, they're up, parsed, big to a duel. And I don't know how much you know about men, they're up, parsed, big, but I know literally only one thing. He can give a fuck around when it came to space nerd duels. Okay. Stooled and work out well for bra. Persevered cut his nose off seriously. And this was even more of a bummer in the late 16th century than it would be now. Not saying getting your honker sliced off in a nerd sword duel will be a walk in the park today, but back in the 16th century, it was an especially epic bummer.

Hundreds of years before cosmetic surgery was the thing. The best Brock could do was to have a brass nose made, and then he used paste to stick a brass nose onto his face every day with the rest of his life. He carried a little bit of extra paste around, right? He had a little jar of paste on his person person for the next 30 plus years. How surreal. He lost his nose in 1566 at the age of 20. He lived until he was 54. So for 34 years, he was pasting a brass nose onto his face every day. Did he think about Minder at Pierce Beard when he put that paste on? Do you think about him every time? He got someone staring, maybe even pointing

at his brass nods. Damn you, Minderdip! Except for the price, I'm more like this, it's a price, I'm like, damn you, Minderdip! I'm some other bunch of bunch of brass snows! I mean, just trying to be accurate. Poor TBN, man. Tico brass nose. Also, once had a pet elk call, you had a pet, I don't know trying to be accurate. Poor TBN, man. Tico brass nose. Also, once had a pet elk call,

he had a pet, I don't know what it was called. Why did he have a pet elk? Cause meth, now he didn't do meth. I have no idea why he had a pet elk. Maybe he could, I don't know, take off his brass nose and use it like an elk bugle. Some kind of beast master shit. Anyway, this poor animal died one day

when Bra let it drink too much beer and it fell down a flight of stairs. What the fuck? This is real story Tico Tico, there's your elk. Haven't seen him in weeks He got drunk. He found out in the stairs. Here's a good elk. But he's sober, but he real slap a drunk elk Weird conversations. Tico died a super weird death too. One that had nothing to do with his nose. He died from holding his pee in too long.

Serious. He died in the presence of the King of Denmark and he drank too much wine. And tradition dictated that guests not rise from the table prior to the King rising and pissing yourself in front of the King was frowned upon. So rather than do either of those things,

Brock crossed his legs, held in his pee, and tell you ruptured his bladder. And then you got a bladder infection, and he died. So a lot of lessons to learn here, you know. Don't hold your pee in too long. And don't challenge men, they're up here, spear, to a nerd sword deal, duel. And maybe don't let your pet elk get drunk,

or have a pet elk in the first place or let it ever fucking go around stairs And hit some serious fortitude the holding his piss until he ruptured his bladder not everybody could do that. I would have pissed myself for sure Next up Galileo Turns out Galileo is more than just the name of a great indigo girl song Galileo Galileo was a Tuscan astronomer philosopher philosopher, and physicist born in 1564, very closely associated with the rise of the modern scientific thinking, rise of modern scientific thinking. He was so influential, he's been called the father of observational astronomy, the father of modern physics, the father of the scientific method and the father of modern science.

And he never even got his nose chopped off in a nerd duel one time, not even in the single time in his whole life. His achievements include improving the telescope, a variety of astronomical observations, the first law of motion and supporting Copernicanism pretty effectively. On January 7th, 1610 Galileo discovered three of Jupiter's four largest moons, Io, Europa, Calisto, you know,, Ganymede, the largest moon he discovered four nights later. It's nuts. He did that shit in 1610 over 80 years before the Salem Witch Trial. When completing morons, we're hanging people in Massachusetts because other people had dreams about them being Satan's minions. This dude was looking into the heavens with an ancient telescope

and finding Jupiter's moons very ahead of his time. He determined that these moons were orbiting the planet since they would occasionally disappear, something he attributed to their movement behind Jupiter correctly. The notion that a planet had smaller planets orbiting it was problematic for the orderly, comprehensive picture of the geocentric model of the universe in which everything circled around Earth

and the church not happy about his revelations. How dare some little mini moon planet circle around anything other than all mighty Earth! Galileo also noted that Venus exhibited a full set of phases like the moon, the heliocentric model of the solar system developed by Copernicus predicted that all phases would be visible, since the orbit of Venus around the sun would cause its illuminated hemisphere to face the Earth when it was on the opposite side of the sun and to fade away from the Earth when it was on the Earth side of the sun. By contrast, the geocentric model of Ptolemy predicted that only crescent and new phases would be seen, since Venus was thought to remain between the sun and Earth during its orbit around Earth.

Galileo's observation of the phases of Venus proved that Venus over to the sun, Copernicus was right, and the church was fucking pissed. For believing this correct notion, the Catholic church considered him a heretic. He was put on trial during the Roman Inquisition and he was found vehemently suspect of heresy, of heresy, heresy, Jesus, bummer. And he was sentenced to house arrest for the remainder of his life, which was over eight years, and he made numerous other contributions. He may have also been a terrible father.

Galileo never married. However, he had three children with Marina Gamba, two of the children were girls, and when Mariana, yeah, yeah, sorry, Mariana Gamba. When Mariana died, he never allowed his daughters to marry out of fear that he would have to pay a hefty dowry. So he sent him to a convent or then that up becoming nuns.

And I bet they spent a lot of their time praying, you know, asking God to help them be less angry with their cheap ass debt. Also, randomly one of Galileo's middle fingers was removed long after his death. It's on display in Florence, Italy's history of science museum. So if you have time and you like looking at old fingers,

you can check out his finger. You can think about all the places it might have been. Now, his fingers probably use scribbling some equations, riding to his angry daughters. Just probably two knuckles deep and a whole of your imaginative choosing. One last giant cosmological mind from centuries past, talk about Johannes Kepler.

Johannes Kepler, another key figure in the scientific revolution was a German astronomer mathematician and astrologer, best known for his laws of planetary motion. Like previous astronomers, Kepler initially believed that celestial objects moved in perfect circles. However, after spending 20 years doing calculations with data collected by Tiko Bra, Kepler concluded that the circular model of planetary motion was inconsistent with that data. Man, 20 years.

20 years of equations, trying to figure out if celestial bodies moved in circles or ovals, I don't have that kind of patience. If I can't figure out what I want, something mathematically to be figured, like if I can't get the result I want, mathematically, in like five minutes of dicking around on a calculator or something, I wanna throw my computer into the wall. And the vein of my forehead looks like it's going

to bust loose. Using Tiko's data, Kepler was able to formulate three laws of planetary motion. Now known as Kepler's laws, three laws describing how planets move in ellipses not circles. Every planet's orbit is ellipse with the sun at a focus, you know, a line joining the sun and a planet sweeps out equal areas equal times. And then three, the square of a planet's orbital period is proportional to the cube with the semi major axis of its orbit. Uh, dude doesn't seem to be, uh, have been involved in any major scandals, but his mom was almost burned to the stake because she was thought to be a witch. Just like most of the rest of these guys, he lived in such a weird time

to be a science-minded person. A time when superstitious thoughts were taught as fact, the remaining stream, and you can be killed for, you know, heresy if you didn't accept these thoughts is truth. A time when women and sometimes men were burned for being witches, Kepler's brother Christopher had gotten into a financial dispute with the woman named Ursula Rangold and Ursula, that line no good bitch, claimed that Kepler's mother,

Katharina, had made her sick with an evil brew. And Katharina then vehemently denied doing that because it's crazy and impossible to make an evil brew. Poisonous brew? Okay, she asked sure. Evil brew? I got it here. The dispute escalated, Katharina was accused of witchcraft.

Ursula claimed that she had been instructed in magic by an aunt who had in fact been burned alive for sorcery because living in medieval Europe sucked. There was a witch hunt going on in the region at the time and Catharina was one of 15 women accused of nefarious sorcery in her town. Johannes Kepler had to take a break from his mathematical studies to prepare an extensive defense for his mother, not in fact being a witch. His defense was not totally convincing and Cath was imprisoned in August 1620, held for 14 months, and then she lived for about a year under constant suspicion of being a witch after that. Somebody who got away with practicing some of the devil's magic and then she died.

Weird times to be alive. And there are, of course, many others who helped us move our understanding of the universe forward from centuries past. Thank you early visionaries for pushing forward when finding and telling the truth could get you imprisoned or killed and often did. Modern scientific thought owes itself to the contributions of the people I've just mentioned and to so many other great men and women I didn't. From Isaac Newton, Michael Faraday, you know, Louis and Marie Pasteur Charles Darwin, Neils Bohr, Stephen Hawking, Frances Crick,

our world has been forever changed by various innovators and disciplined thinkers. Without these individuals, our understanding of the universe will be vastly different. When it comes to our understanding of a possible multiverse, a lot of nerds seem to believe

that two 20th century nerds, you may have never heard of, stand a little taller than the rest when it comes to their level of, you know, what if the universe is way bigger than we ever imagined contributions? Edwin Hubble and George Lometra. So let's gloss over them before starting to unravel what the multiverse theory is really about. By 1930 some cosmologists started to think that the static, non-evolving model of the universe was unsatisfactory.

It didn't answer all the questions. Numbers didn't add up the way they thought they should add up in a static universe. American astronomer Edwin Hubble was an early adopter to the idea that the universe was growing. And yes, the Hubble Space Telescope launched an low earth orbit in 1990 is named after this guy. Using the world's largest telescope at the time, which was located at Mount Wilson in California, Hubble showed the distant galaxies all appeared to be receding from

us. What's more, these far-flung galaxies were traveling away from us at speeds proportional to their distances. In other words, the farther they were from us, the faster they were flying away. Hard to comprehend. Makes my brain hurt, I think too long about it. This was a new thought, and combined with the ponderings of another 20th century cosmologist, it would soon lead to thoughts that maybe the universe isn't just expanding away from us,

maybe it's also just one of many of infinite universes. Jorge Limetra, a Jesuit-educated Belgian Catholic priest, mathematician, astronomer, and professor used Hubble's finding to draw attention to an early published academic paper of his, in which he explained the relationship between the distance of a galaxy and the recession and velocity of that same galaxy. By putting together Hubble's observations with Limetre's paper, the majority of astronomers became convinced that the universe was indeed expanding, this revolutionized cosmology

and how we see the universe, and how we view our place within it. And that leads us to multiverse theory. The multiverse theory states that, as I just said, there may be multiple or even an infinite number of universes including the universe we consistently experience that together comprise everything that exists, the entirety of space, time, matter, and energy, as well as the physical laws and constants that describe them. In this context, multiple universes are often referred to as parallel universes, because they exist alongside our own. And how's that for a crazy thought, right?

Like, what if there is an upside down, laying next to our world, kind of like an stranger thing, you know, the Netflix show? What if the extra-dimensional adventures of Rick and Morty isn't just some nonsense that only happens in weird cartoons? What if some spacecaster named Clancy could own a multiverse simulator, like the character in the Midnight Gospel? The American philosopher and famous psychologist William James, may have been the first person to use the term multiverse in 1895, but he didn't use it to define what we're talking about today. Use the term to describe the human experience where we all live in a world.

You know, he found to be nothing more than plasticity and indifference world seemingly controlled by multiple forces. What does that mean exactly? Well, too much too off topic to dig into here. Multiverse was first used in fiction and it is current physics context By Michael Morcock in his 1963 sci-fi adventures novella the Sundered worlds Morcock mostly known for his character Elric of

Melabane an emperor sorcerer and warrior who lives on an alternative earth known as mellabene, the white wolf, the prince of ruins, woman's slayer, king's slayer, god's slayer, the thin white duke. And much of Morkock's work has been based on his concept of the multiverse, a series of parallel universes where Elric, one facet of the eternal champion who has multiple identities across multiple dimensions, fights. The multiverse contains a legion of different versions of Earth in various times, history is in occasionally sizes. More cock still alive at the age of 80, and his work has been hugely influential on the worlds of fantasy and science fiction.

And can I talk about his name for a second? More cock. No wonder he became an author. Reading and writing growing up was probably like the only place. You could escape the constant taunts. You know, just dipshit, playground bullies, chan, horrible stuff all the time. Moococ, moococ, Michael Wands, moococ. I hope he has an uncle Richard. I wonder, I'm such a child, but I got so into thinking about like,

is there a Richard Moorecock at there? I googled, and there is. There's a Richard Moorcock right now. Nice looking dude, nice looking family in New Zealand, a Kiwi living in Gold Coast Australia. And if you hear this podcast, Richard, please let me know how the name Dick Moorcock affected your childhood. Let me know if you ever asked your parents why and God's name they would name you Richard knowing dick is short for Richard and knowing what your last name is obviously. In at least one parallel universe I have to believe that dick more cock has been ruthlessly taunted. The literary concept of the multiverse also played with a lot in Stephen King's The Dark Tower series through that series. It's revealed that many of King's other books take place in parallel worlds and universes, worlds connected to the all world, where the dark tower exists,

the dark tower that connects all of the worlds, all of the realities. And moments like this, I would check and put my creative work on pause and just use all my non-family time to read Stephen King books for a few months. Love getting lost in King's worlds. The mainstream scientifically based idea of the multiverse comes from another one of human history's best science minds, Hugh Everett, an American physicist, and another very odd man born in 1930 who first proposed the many worlds interpretation of quantum physics in 1954. Hugh Everett's many worlds interpretation of quantum mechanics arose from what must have been one of the worlds most,

you know, mind bending drinking sessions. One evening in 1954, in a student hall at Princeton University, grad student Everett was drinking Sherry with his friends when he came up with the idea that quantum effects caused the universe to constantly split. He developed the idea that night for his PhD thesis. According to his work, we are living in a multiverse of countless universes full of copies of each of us. And many mighty minds were completely fucking blown when he put this out there. Max Tigmark, a Swedish American physicist, cosmologist, and machine learning researcher, professor at MIT, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, has said that efforts work is as important

as Einstein's work on relativity. With the leading physicists of the day, you know, and Everett's time, when he came out with this, could not stomach his ideas. They couldn't cope with the idea that every decision we make creates new universes, one for all possible outcomes. They couldn't comprehend that universes are continually being created. Everett was pressured to publish a watered down version of his idea and epistem off. He was so upset by the nerd backlash to his proposal that he left the world of academic physics. He joined the Pentagon, worked on a team calculating potential deaths in the event of nuclear war.

His job was to calculate how to maximize the death toll for the Soviets while minimizing it for Americans by looking at fallout predictions for various bomb-drop scenarios That is a dark-ass job important job. Oh man Everett died in 1982 at the age of 51 and Did he wonder how his nuke work mixed with his belief in parallel worlds? Were his actions if not leading to nuclear destruction in this world leading to nuclear destruction and countless parallel worlds. Teague Mark says he wrote arguably the first ever serious report on just how devastating

a nuclear war would be for the U.S. It helped devise the concept of mutually assured destruction, mad. A concept appropriately summed up by its acronym that we'd be insane to start a nuclear war because we'd all die or wish we were all dead. And mad might actually have prevented the Cold War from overheating to the point of pushing some red launch buttons. Teague Mark says mad might have in a major way contributed to the extra caution that might explain why we're still here. My guess is that efforts work helped drive home the full horror of war and this reduced the fraction of the multiverse that saw global nuclear war.

The work ever did for the Pentagon then arguably had a net positive effect on the multiverse. Everett's life man, fascinating and tragic. Too much brains, not enough heart. He wrote to Einstein when he was just 12 and Einstein replied to his letter, young he was already keen at challenging the very highest figures of physics authority. His letter was an attempt to solve the paradox of what happens with an unstoppable force meets in a movable object. He was recommended for Princeton by his old professor of mathematics who wrote, this is a once in a lifetime recommendation for I think it most unlikely that I shall ever again encounter a student I can give such complete and unreserved support for. He was like some of the geniuses we've talked about already, an odd duck,

brilliant with science and math, he was ignorant and cruel when it came to any emotional intelligence. Life was numbers and equations and science-based theories, emotional connections to those around him, meant little to him, or they were just impossible to comprehend. Whenever it died of a heart attack, his teenage son Mark discovered the body. Mark recalls that trying to revive his dead father was the first time he could remember ever touching his father. Ever.

He realized he didn't know his dad when his dad passed. He said the years later, I didn't really have any relationship with him. He lived with this guy, lived with him, you know, until he died but didn't have a relationship with him. Not long after this guy, lived with them, you know, until he died, but didn't have a relationship with him. Not long after that mark, his son, you know, moved to Los Angeles, became the lead singer and songwriter for the band Eels. You may know about them if you don't recognize the name, know the cane for the soul. That's a great song. I didn't think back then about how a lot of their songs express the sadness,

mark, experience as a son of a depressed alcoholic emotionally detached man when I listen to a lot of their music back in college. Everett's daughter Elizabeth killed herself with an overdose of sleeping pills 14 years after her dad's death and she left a note in her purse saying she was going to go join her father in another universe. Her poor mother, her poor brother, you know, he would mark with right another eel song about her death. Maybe thinking too much about how many universes may exist in addition to hours doesn't help you live a very good life in this universe. Ever was a hardcore atheist as well. This is intense in his will he left instructions for his widow Nancy to throw his ashes out with the fucking garbage and she did. I'm saying he's, or if he didn't care about his life in this world that much because he figured he'd still be alive in other worlds, I wonder if he was an emotionally available

dad in any of those other worlds. Now let's take further into Everett's multiverse speculation. Part of understanding multiverse theory and its counter arguments comes from our understanding of how the universe began and our attempts to answer the question, what existed before the Big Bang? If the Big Bang in fact existed, this is something I've always wondered. Cosmologists have come up with several possible speculations as to what existed before the Big Bang, which is the most broadly

accepted theory of the universe's creation among scientists. If anything existed at all, here are the four most cited speculations as to what existed before the Big Bang. the foremost most cited speculations as to what existed before the Big Bang. The first is nothingness. It's entirely possible, according to many, that there was no previous era. Assuming that this is true, it means that matter, energy, space, and time began abruptly. Perhaps this abrupt change sprang from a collision with a parallel universe, or maybe something else. It's a question science doesn't have a definite answer to and it's something that makes no sense to me. I'm not as scientifically as intelligent as anyone

I'll mention here today, not even close, but I just can't believe that we came from nothing. How could that be possible? To me coming from nothing as an argument for the existence, if it's true in some sense of a higher creative power, a God. You know, God flipped on the light switch and put the universe building into motion. That makes more sense to me personally than just something, everything coming from just true nothingness. But again, that's just my scientifically

uneducated opinion. I admittedly sit at the intellectual kitty table when it comes to stuff like this. Maybe it makes perfect sense to people talking at the grown-ups table. Another theory that attempts to explain what existed before the Big Bang is quantum emergence. According to this view, space and time developed out of a primeval state described by quantum theory of gravity, but no one has a good explanation for quantum gravity just yet. No one has found one gravitational rule book that governs all galaxies, quarks, and everything

in between. Then there's these super complicated ideas of string theory. I'm going to talk about that quite a bit off and on the rest of this suck. Basically string theory deals with differences of quantum tunneling and quantum fluctuations between different energy states. You know, easy science concepts and shit. You like that. You know, everybody knows about which I kid.

I totally got what I just said. You know, my kids call me QF because I just, I talk about quantum fluctuations all the time. It's just like quantum fluctuation is and quantum fluctuation is that they're like, that's enough, enough already. With the quantum fluctuation talk. But seriously, what the fuck is the quantum fluctuation? It's a temporary change in the amount of energy

and a point in space. As explained in Warner, Heisenberg's uncertainty principle, this allows the creation of particle, antiparticle pairs of virtual particles. And I explain it further, but I haven't dedicated my life to quantum physics. I hope that made sense to you. I literally might as well just say something

in another language. I could read that fucking hundred times. And I'd be like, okay, sure. There's also the cyclic universe in this theory, the Big Bang is just the latest Big Bang in an endless stream of Big Bangs. And the continual expansion collapse and renewed expansion of space and time.

And I get that kind of, yes! Cycles I get, quantum fluctuation. Basically, what I've learned is that no one can completely explain how the universe got here scientifically. That's the gist I've gotten from this so far. But a lot of smart people are trying to figure it all out. And I'm sure just like the past breakthroughs we've gone over, more breakthroughs are common, who knows what will be

explained in the coming years. Now, also, look at a few of the hypotheses that make up multiverse theory. There are, of course, very many ideas of how it could lay out, cosmologists Max Tegmark, right, that MIT big brain. We quoted earlier, talking about Hugh Everett. He provided a taxonomy of universes beyond the familiar observable universe. The four levels of Tegmark's classification are arranged such that subsequent levels can

be understood to encompass and expand upon previous levels. Put your big brain helmets on. We're going to power through some heavy shit and then we're going to make it to a cosmological timeline where we can go over a variety of important scientific events. You don't have to have ever aced AP science classes to understand. I don't say that condescendingly. I just personally really struggle with comprehension some of these things. And I assume that maybely, that many of you also might struggle a bit with comprehension of some of these things. But we got it, is it, you don't know coming up, we're gonna get to some lighter stuff too.

So let's talk about these four levels. The first of the four levels is an extension of our universe. This level one, an extension of our universe, a prediction of cosmic inflation is the existence of an infinite, ergodic universe, which being infinite must contain Hubble volumes realizing all initial conditions. And ergodic means relating to or denoting systems or processes with the property that given sufficient time, they include or impinge on all points

in a given space and can be represented statistically by a reasonably large selection of points. And the Hubble volume is a spherical region of the observable universe surrounding an observer beyond which objects recede from the observer at a rate greater than the speed of light due to universe expansion. And an infinite universe will contain an infinite number of Hubble volumes, all having the same physical laws and physical constants. So it's like a bunch of little, you know, universes within a bigger universe. You know, in regard to configurations such as the distribution

of matter almost all will differ from our Hubble volume. However, because there are infinitely many, far beyond the cosmological horizon, there will eventually be Hubble volumes with similar and even identical configurations, right? Parallel universes if you will. Travel far enough and Teague Mark estimates there are Hubble volumes identical to ours.

Given infinite space, there would in fact be an infinite number of these Hubble volumes identical to ours in the universe. And I think I get this, right? If there's literally no end to the universe, if it is infinitely big, then you could theoretically travel, you know, far enough, say trillions upon trillions upon trillions

of light years away and run into another galaxy identical to this one with another Earth. And, you know, eventually, if you travel far enough, not just another Earth, but another Earth with another you, another me. Now, on to level two. What if there are universes with different physical constants? In the eternal deflation, inflation theory, which is a variant of the cosmic inflation theory, the multiverse, or space as a whole, is stretching and will continue to stretch forever, but some regions of space stop stretching and form distinct bubbles, like gas pockets in

a low-ferrising bread. These bubbles are embryonic level one multiverses. Different bubbles may experience different spontaneous symmetry breaking, which results in different properties such as different physical constants. And I'm sharing this bit of information in the hopes that some of you will understand it more than I do because the only part I really got out of that was a bread part. I get it gas bubbles and bread. Yeah. Level two also includes John Archibald Wheeler's Level two also includes John Archibald Wheeler's oscillatory universe theory and Lee Smolens of Fekin universe's theory. First, the oscillatory universe theory,

a cyclic model or oscillating model is any of several cosmological models in which the universe follows infinite or indefinite self-sustaining cycles. For example, the oscillating universe theory briefly considered by Albert Einstein in 1930 1930, 1930, in 1930 theorized a universe following an eternal series of oscillations each beginning with a big bang and ending with the big crunch.

In interim, the universe would expand for a period of time before the gravitational attraction of matter causes it to collapse back and undergo a bounce. Now the fecund universe's theory. Small and Cypothes hypothesis of cosmological natural selection also called the Fekin University theory suggested a process analogous to biological natural selection applies at the grandest of scales. Small and published the idea in 1992 and summarized it in a book aimed at a lay audience called the life of the cosmos. So that's level two. And, you know, to sum it up, let's move on to level three. Let's keep going forward. Level three is the many worlds interpretation of quantum mechanics.

Now we've arrived back at Hugh Everett's many worlds interpretation. We mentioned it earlier, and it's now just one of several mainstream interpretations of quantum mechanics. One aspect of quantum mechanics is that certain observations cannot be predicted absolutely. Instead, there's a range of possible observations each within a different probability. According to MWI, each of these possible observations corresponds to a different universe.

This is what we talked about earlier, right? Where each decision we make just keeps, the universe just keeps fracturing and just creating more and more universes where you know, if there's two choices we can make, and we make one, well now there's another universe split off where we made the other choice. Think about a six-sided die thrown

and the results of that throw corresponds to a quantum mechanics observable. All six possible ways to die can fall correspond to six different universes. TeagueMark argues that a level three multiverse did not actually contain more possibilities in the Hubble volume than a level one or level two multiverse. In effect, all these different worlds created by splits and a level three multiverse have the same physical constants found in some Hubble volumes and a level one multiverse.

Teakmark writes that the only difference between level one and level three is where your doppelganger resides. In level one, they live elsewhere in our good old three-dimensional space, right? Remember that back for you? We had to travel a long way across space to find your doppelganger. In level three, they live on another quantum branch in an infinite dimensional Hilbert space. And I may be wrong here, but this feels again like a stranger thing,

the upside down for you, Netflix fans, right? In the level three, multiverse, what if parallel worlds are in a way just right next to us, not across the galaxy? We just don't know how to reach out and access them, maybe just not yet. All level two bubble universes with different physical constants

can in effect be found as worlds created by splits at the moment of spontaneous symmetry breaking in a level three multiverse. According to Berkeley cosmologist and theoretical physicists, Yessonori Nomura and Raphael Bosso at the Berkeley Center for Theoretical Physics and Leonard Susskind at the Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, this is because global space time appearing in the eternally inflating multiverse is redundant concept.

This implies that the multiverse of levels one, two, and three are in fact the same thing. This hypothesis is referred to as multiverse equals quantum many worlds. This is some super. I love this stuff. Man, this is like top shelf nerd shit. This is like, you know, when you're having debates about multiverse quantum many world versus, you know, level three fucking multiverse is level one, you are in the upper echelon. Like if you're having an actual intellectual conversation about that, congratulations.

Because you're like in the top 1% of the top 1% of all nerds. According to Yasunori Namiura, this quantum multiversist static and time is a simple illusion and that hurts my brain. Think about. I guess. Ah, what? Time is an illusion. I got one. I think about. I guess, ah, what? Time is an illusion. I got one.

I think about shit like this. It's kind of like trying to think about what happened before the Big Bang or how the Big Bang could actually work, which we'll talk about in a bit, which is blows my mind. I picture my brain being a balloon. I had to start last night when I was putting this together.

My brains are balloon, and I just pick, or like a whoopie cushion, is maybe better, you know, analogy. And I just picture that someone is just sad on it, and it's just deflating my Wootbeak cushion brain. And then as I zoom out from the thought of my own Wootbeak cushion brain, it's not my head that my brain is in it.

I picture that I'm like, I'm Homer Simpson. Just slavering and thinking about donuts. Just, hmm, donuts. Now to level four, the ultimate ensemble, and we'll move on. The ultimate mathematical universe hypothesis, according to TeagueMark is TeagueMark's own hypothesis, makes sense, he likes his own better than the other ideas. TeagueMark says this level considers all universes to be equally real, which can be described

by different mathematical structures. He writes abstract mathematics is so general that any theory of everything, TOE, TOE, which is definable in purely formal terms, independent of vague human terminology, is also a mathematical structure. For instance, a TOE involving the set of different types of entities, denoted by words, say, and relations between them denoted by additional words as nothing, but what mathematicians call a set theoretical model. One can generally find a formal system that it is a model of.

He argues that this implies that any conceivable parallel universe theory can be described as level four and subsumes all other ensembles. Therefore brings closure to the hierarchy of multiverses and there cannot be, say, a level five. Take that, level five nerd, guys. Oh, you think there's level five multiverse? Shut the fuck up and listen to Teague Mark. You pull your nerd head out of your nerd ass,

wake up and smell the quantum fluctuations. Yeah, let's said that right. Well, somebody, somebody doesn't believe this, you know who? Yurgen Schmidhouber, a noted German computer scientist specialized in artificial intelligence. And Yurgen says that the set of mathematical structures is not even well defined and that it admits only universe representations and that are describable by constructive mathematics

you know computer programs and you're going to explicitly includes universe representations describable by non-halting programs whose output bits converge after finite time though the convergence time itself may not be predictable by a halting program due to the undecidability of the halting problem. And he also explicitly discusses the more restricted ensemble of quickly computable universes. And Yergen, Schmidt-Huber, can fuck off. I've always hated that piece of shit. Oh, no, it's not halting programs.

It's so, ah, it's so Yergen. That's classic Yergen being Yergen. What a douche yurgen. I kid, I don't know the fuck he was talking about. I just shared that information in the hopes that some of you understood it. I think he's saying that maybe we're not smart enough at the present time to understand what other possibilities might describe multiple universes, but I can't be sure, right? I think he's saying that, you know, maybe when artificial intelligence creates super computers, much more powerful than the human mind,

they will think of other multiverse possibilities that we aren't able to comprehend right now. Just make some sense to me. And there's other hypotheses about the multiverse idea. The American theoretical physicist and string theorists and guy who teaches at Columbia and studied at Harvard and Oxford, and I get at your smart, Brian Green, discuss nine total types of multiverses. These ones are going to be quick. This is a little, little quick little summaries. This will be fast.

Number one, the quilted multiverse works only in an infinite universe with an infinite amount of space. Every possible event will occur in an infinite number of times, however the speed of light prevents us from being aware of these other identical areas. Number two, inflationary. The inflationary multiverse is composed of various pockets in which inflation fields collapse and inform new universes. Number three, the brain multiverse, B-R-A-N-E, postulates that our entire universe exists

on a membrane, a brain which floats in a higher dimension or bulk. In this bulk, there are other membranes with their own universes. These universes can interact with one another, and when they collide, the violence and energy produced is more than enough to give rise to another big bang. The brain's float or drift near another in the bulk. Man, I'm pitching these membranes, being part of like some big creature. It's nemrod. It's nemrod. We're all inside of nemrod. The brain's float or drift in your tail in the bulk every few trillion years attracted by gravity or some other force. We do not understand collide and bang into another. This repeated contact gives rise to multiple or cyclic big bangs. This particular hypothesis

falls under string theory. Number four, cyclic. That again, the cyclic multiverse has multiple brains that have collided causing big bangs. The universe is balanced back and passed through time until they are pulled back together and again collide, destroying old content and creating them anew. This is kind of like if you have read Stephen King's Dark Tower series where the Dark Tower just kicks you back to the beginning. You just keep, it just destroys universe and restarts it and you're just running to the cycle where you know kind of thinking about this,

a little deeper, what if this is the millions time we've been right here, right? Which is another thing that can make my brain hurt. What if we just have been repeating this particular cycle over and over and over again? Number five, landscape, the landscape multiverse relies on string theories, calabaya spaces, quantum fluctuations dropped to shades to a lower energy level, creating a pocket

with a set of laws different from that of the surrounding space. There's six quantum, the quantum multiverse creates a new universe when a dimension, or what's usually when a diversion in events occurs as in the many worlds interpretation, going back to Hugh Everett. Seven holographic, the holographic multiverse is derived from the theory that the surface area of space can encode the contents of the volume of the region. Number

eight, this one I have heard of before, there's the Yahua 13 multiverse, where father Yod is the center of infinite universes and his music holds the key to understanding anything and everything. Yes! I'm a man, I'm a man, I'm a man, I'm a man, I'm a man, I'm a man, I'm a man, I'm a man, I'm a man, I'm a man, I'm a man, I'm a man, I'm a man, I'm a man, I'm a man, I'm a man, I'm a man, I'm a man, I'm a man, I'm a man, I'm a man, I'm a man, I'm a man, I'm a man, I'm a man, I'm a man, I'm a man, I'm a man, I'm a man, I'm a man, I'm a man, I'm a man, I'm a man, I'm a man, I'm a man, I'm a man, I'm a man, I'm a man, I'm a man, I'm a man, I'm a man, I'm a man, I'm a man, I'm a man, I'm a man, I'm a man, I'm a man, I'm a man, I'm a man, I'm a man, I'm a man, I'm a man, I'm a man, I'm a man, I'm a man, I'm a man, I'm a man, I'm a man, I'm a man, I'm a man, I'm a man, I'm a man, I'm a man, I'm a man, I'm a man, I'm a man, I'm a man, I'm a man, I'm a man, I'm a man, I'm a man, I'm a man, I'm a man, I'm a man, I'm a man, I'm a man, I'm a man, I'm a man, I'm a man, I'm a man, I'm a man, I'm a man, I'm a man, I'm a man, I led you home. I'm the dad, you never knew you needed. The one you know you need now, home is whole, hold is home, all holes lead to home. And ballin' baby. I can't, there is no Yahuwah 13 multiverse that I know of. But if the multiverse is real,

then there are universes where father Yahu did not die hang glided. Maybe he's still alive somewhere 97 years old. Somehow still ballin' his ass off baby. Let's get to the real number right. The eighth additional possibility. The simulated multiverse exists on complex computer systems that simulate entire universes. Damn it. This is the thought that we're all living in a simulation. The matrix, when people talk about all the matrix is broken, right?

Elon Musk, many other amazing minds have talked about this. You know, if we are living in a computer simulation, there could of course be infinite universes or at least infinitely increasing amounts of universes. This computer would have been built, it created all universes by post-humans, by advanced robots that evolved from artificial intelligence created initially by humans that then outlasts humans in some sort of terminator sky-net situation, and then the AI quickly advances itself over and over and over again, infinitely, essentially. Far past limitations of the human mind, eventually becomes powerful enough to build virtual

universes populated by you and me. And my brain, balloon, or will be cushioned, just deflated again. Mm, donuts. Finally, there is the ultimate multiverse theory which contains every mathematically possible universe under different laws of physics. There are even more ideas to grapple with multiverses,

including black hole cosmology, the anthropic principle, but I think we've laid out enough possibilities of how there could be worlds out there in addition or next two hours for right now. There's also a number of scientists who consider multi-verse theory to be bad science. And we'll look into those who don't believe that other universes exist,

that it's even possible for other universes to exist later after the timeline. Right now, let's use our time sub timeline to investigate just how we got to our current understanding of the universe. Right after a quick word from my sponsors, and thank you again for supporting our sponsors, I need a sponsor break, yeah, please use those URLs. My tired brain needs to take a little

science vacation for just a second. Okay, before we go into the timeline, I just wanna say, don't worry if you're not comprehending all the details of the multiverse theory or universe creation theories. If you truly understood all of this stuff inside and out, well, you'd be the first human being to ever do so. The world's brightest minds haven't definitively answered these questions. They're trying to maybe someday they will and maybe they won't.

Maybe some knowledge will forever lie beyond our grasp. I think the important thing to understand so far is that because of the hard work of centuries of scientific thinking and millennia of cosmological speculation, we know a lot more about where our universe than we used to. We know that the world is round, other planets are round, we know the planets in our solar system revolve around the sun, we know there are for sure so many worlds out there in the galaxy that we know so very little about. Some arteloscopes can now see in some, you know, that they can't. And we know that a lot of really smart people who devote their entire lives to the mysteries of the universe,

we know that many of them think a multiverse could be real. And not only can our universe have an infinite number of planets, but there could also be an infinite number of universes containing infinite variations of these planets. How crazy is that to think that reality could be limitless beyond big infinite in a number of ways? What if someday we could figure out how to not only time travel, which I know I said in the time travel suck, it doesn't look currently possible, and I was a little grouchy, but I feel more open to it now. What if we could also travel into dimensions of space and time outside of this one?

And I was like, again, go ahead, my mind keep, but just probably just because I just watched it again for the second time, stranger things, just, what if there is some type of upside down or many upside downs that we could bounce it and out of some days, it's fascinating. So let's move into a brief overview of the many minds throughout history who have led us to a more,

or to be able to more realistically entertain all these possibilities. Cosmological time-subtimeline, engage. Shrap on those boots, soldier. We're marching down a time-sub timeline. Let's start in the 16th century BCE. When early meat sacks were wondering what our place in the cosmos was. Mesopotamian cosmology had a flat circular earth and closed in a cosmic ocean.

It was a pretty cool thought. There's a big island in a vast enlacy. Terrifying to think about how big that ocean would be, right? So many sharks, so many sharks. On the 12th century BCE, the the rig Veda the ancient Hindi Veda Has some cosmological hymns which describe the origin of the universe originally from the monastic golden egg What if that one's true? What if after doing centuries of more number crunchy?

Theoretical physicist and cosmologist arrive at the answer to how the universe got here and that answer is it we all hatched out of a golden egg Imagine next question. of a golden egg. Can you imagine? Next question, it's golden egg. Golden egg is the answer. You can put your calculators away. You can wipe off all your whiteboards and chalkboards. We're good. We've done it.

On the 6th century BC, the Babylonian world map shows the Earth surrounded by cosmic ocean again, so many sharks, with seven islands arranged around it to form a seven-pointed star, contemporary biblical cosmology reflects the same view of a flat circular earth swimming on water over arched by the solid vault of the firmament to which are fastened the stars. Now, and some people still believe this kind of stuff, you know, the damn you NASA and your Photoshop wizardry, try to make it, Megas believes something different The damn you nass on your Photoshop wizardry. Try to make it mega believe something different between the six and four centuries BCE Greek philosophers

as early as a next semander introduced the idea of multiple or even infinite universes. Democritus further details that these worlds vary in distance and size. The presence number in size of their sons and moons and that they are subject to destructive collisions. Also during this time period, the Greeks established that the Earth is spherical

rather than flat. And then later the Catholic church will say, nope, uh, uh, uh, flat again, motherfuckers, anyone who thinks different gets burned. And people were like, all right, all right, all right, all right, what do I care?

All right, flat, fine. I'm just a peasant, hoping to eat enough stale bread, stay alive and avoid the plague anyway. Also in the sixth century, the Greek math cult leader we talked about earlier, Pythagoras. I believe the Earth was in motion, had the knowledge of the periodic numeral relations,

numerical relations of the planets, moon and sun, the celestial spheres, the planets were thought to produce a harmony called the music of the spheres, another Greek Aristotle taught in the fourth century BCE that rotating spheres carried the moon, sun, planets and stars around a stationary Earth. The Earth was unique because of its central position, its material composition. In the 3rd century BCE, Arcasstarchus, that's kind of a weird name. Greek astronomer, a mathematician, proposes a scientific heliocentric model of our solar system placing the sun, not the

Earth. As a center of the known universe, many centuries before Copernicus, he correctly deduces the other planets in correct order from the sun. And again, centuries later, when the Roman church takes over Europe, they'll be like, nope, ah, ah, flat, earth of the center. Anyone who disagrees, can suck my Pope dick. I'm paraphrasing, but that would be the general message.

Also in the third century BC, the Greek mathematician Archimedes, in his essay, The Sand Reckoner, estimates that the diameter of the cosmos is the equivalent of what we call two light years. It wasn't right, but he pushed things forward, he tried. Keep thinking about that concept in this episode today. You don't have to get things exactly right.

Sometimes even if you're wrong, you push things forward enough for the next person to get things right. Or more right so that the person after them can get it right, so on. So much value person to get things right. Or more right so that the person after them can get it right, you know, so on. So much value and just pushing things forward. However you can. In the second century CE, the Tola Maex system emerges.

Tola Maex, we talked about him, our proposes in earth, centered universe, and the sun and planets revolve around the earth. In the fifth century, ancient Buddhist texts speak of hundreds of thousands of billions countlessly, innumerably boundlessly, and comparably, and calcubally, unspeakably, and conceivably, this is a quote, and measurably, and explikably, many worlds to the east, and infinite worlds in the ten directions. Mm-hmm.

Not adjectives there. From the fifth to the eleventh century, C.E., several astronomers proposed a Sun-centered universe, including Arya Bhata, major fifth- major fifth-century Indian astrologer, Al-Bhamasar, 9th-century Persian astrologer, and the 10th and early 11th-century Iranian astrologer, Al-Zijjji. In the 8th century, to jump back for a second Indian, piranic Hindu cosmology states that in which the universe goes through repeated cycles of creation, destruction, and rebirth, each cycle lasts 4.32 billion years, and each cycle

the universe expands from a single point or speck of dust until it collapses. So kind of big bang at, ask there. The text also speak of innumerable worlds or universes, a multiverse, and 964, you know, 964 CE, Abid al-Raham al-Sufi, a Persian astronomer, makes the first recorded observations of the Andromeda galaxy and the large Magellanic cloud, the first galaxies other than the Milky Way to be observed from Earth in his book, Book of Fixed Stars. In the 12th century, Sunni Muslim and Middle Eastern philosopher philosopher of Fakir Al-Din Al-Razee discusses Islamic cosmology, Rejection Aristotle's idea of an Earth-centered universe. And in the context of his commentary on the Quranic verse, all praise belongs to God,

Lord of the worlds, proposes that the universe has more than a thousand thousand worlds beyond this world. Such that each one of these worlds is bigger and more massive than this world, as well as having the like of what this world has. He argued that there exists an infinite outer space beyond the known world, and that there could be an infinite number of universes. So, you know, thinking about the multiverse back in 12th century. 13th century CE, Nassir Aldin Al-Toussi, who is a Persian polymath architect, philosopher, physician, scientist, and theologian, provides the first empirical evidence for the Earth's rotation on its axis. to see, who is a Persian polymath architect, philosopher, physician, scientist, and theologian,

provides the first empirical evidence for the Earth's rotation on its axis. In the 15th century, Al-Kuji, who is an Ottoman astronomer, mathematician and physicist, provides empirical evidence for the Earth's rotation on its axis and rejects the stationary Earth theories of Aristotle and Ptolemy. Also in the 15th century, German astronomer and philosopher Nicholas Dukusa suggested the earth is a nearly spherical shape that revolves around the sun, and that each star is itself a distant sun, two for two, he nailed it. I know enough to know that.

Feelin' good on some of these. Feel like I know, you know, some of the things that are 15th century, dude, knew. So, that's not bad. In 1543, his revolutionary work on the solar system, on the revolutions of the heavily spheres, Polish astronomer Copernicus again postulates the sun as the center of the universe. An idea we now know we've brought up centuries earlier,

but have been forgotten or probably more accurately, an idea that had been forbidden, because it didn't line up with the biblical interpretation of the universe excepted at that time. In 1576, Thomas digs an English mathematician and astronomer, modifies the Copernican system, proposing a multitude of stars, extending to infinity. In 1584, Giorgiano Bruno,

an Italian Dominican friar, philosopher, mathematician, poet, Cosmological, she's Christ, poet, cosmological theorist, and her medic occultist, fucking titles on these sons of bitches. Proposes a non-hierical cosmology, wearing the cappernican solar system is not the centric of the universe, but rather a relatively insignificant star system amongst an infinite multitude of others.

And he would be imprisoned for seven years and then executed for holding opinions contrary to the Catholic faith. He forgot that when the Pope tells you to suck his dick, unless you want to lose your life in some very painful way, you suck it. And he did lose his life in a very painful way. This poor bastard was hung naked or hanged naked upside down in public and then burned alive. As was God's wish, amen.

So where did he was hanged upside down? Is it called hanged or hung when you're upside down? I know that when you're like, hanged, like killed, it's hanged. And you put them on a wall, it's hung. But this is gray area. What if you're upside down? Then isn't hanged?

Let's get the etymologist on this one. But how do they justify hanging're upside down? Then isn't Hank? Let's get the, the etymologist on this one. But how do they justify hanging him upside down? It's just so, hang the heretic. Yes. He will hang for having opinions other than ours for some time before he has burned alive. Hey, no, what are you doing?

No, don't hang him like that. Not by his arms, you fool. It's supposed to be punishments, not some sort of vacation. Are you going to give him food and drink as well? Well, not just on time and send him off to the island of beautiful, horny women upside down. I want the blood to rush to his foolish head. And then we'll burn him. Yes, that's what yes, that's what God obviously would want. Man, the medieval Catholic Church was full of some rough motherfuckers. Tiko Bra, Johannes Kepler, Galileo, they pushed things further as we talked about earlier

in the 16th century. 1676, Danish astronomer, all Christians in Rome became the first person to measure the speed of light. This accomplishment was an essential step in developing an understanding of the universe. Essentially, it would figure in the development of Einstein's theory of relativity. And the speed of light also defines the light here, which is the yardstake that astronomers use to measure the vast distances between stars and galaxies. 1687s are Isaac Newton, father of science and English mathematician physicist astronomer Theologian author, illustrates the laws of motion and the law of universal

gravitation which becomes the basis for classical physics. In 1791, a Rasmus Darwin, grandfather of Charles Darwin, natural philosopher, inventor and physiologist, pens the first description of a cyclical expanding and contracting universe. 1838, the idea that the Earth goes around the sun rather than the other way around is confirmed by solid evidence. 1905, Albert Einstein publishes his special theory of relativity, generalizing Galileo's principle of relativity to apply not only to terrestrial mechanics but to all laws of physics. He posits a space in time or not separate continuum and that the speed of light is the same for all frames of reference. In 1912,

American astronomer, Vesto Melvin Slyther, measures the Doppler shift of receding galaxies. These measurements later used by Edwin Hubble to demonstrate empirically that the universe is expanded. In 1917, Wilhelm DeCittor, a

Dutch mathematician, physicist and astronomer in his paper on Einstein's theory of gravitation and its astronomical consequences, third paper, provided the first model of an exponentially expanding universe dominated by cosmological constant. During an expedition to view a solar eclipse, Arthur Eddington, an English astronomer, physicist, mathematician and philosopher of science, records the deflection of starlight by the Sun's gravity confirming Einstein's general theory of relativity in 1919.

When Harlow Shapley and American scientists began to study large groups of stars called globular clusters in 1914, very little was known about the overall shape of our galaxy or our place in it. By the time he finished his research in 1919, after publishing more than 40 research papers, the overall shape of our galaxy

was coming into focus, including the position of our solar system. Shapel's discovery of our place and the galaxy was a remarkable achievement comparable to discovering the Earth orbits the Sun to many physicists. In 1923, Edwin Hubble crunches some numbers, proves that the universe is composed of many thousands of such galaxies. 1929, Hubble convinces Einstein that he had been wrong when he'd made an assumption earlier that the universe was finite. Einstein now believes it is infinite. Einstein famously refers to his earlier error as my biggest blunder. It's his quote.

And then he goes home and he has sex with his wife and first cousin, his wife and maternal first cousin, who was also his paternal second cousin. Remember that from the Einstein suck? His mother-in-law was also his aunt, and his father-in-law was his first cousin once removed. I would think marrying and fucking his double cousin wife would be his biggest blender, but you know, agreed to disagree, I guess. 1949, English astronomer Fred Hoyle, both coins defraised Big Bang and dismisses the notion that the universe has been born at one moment, about 10,000 million years ago in the past and that galaxies are still trapping away from us after that initial burst.

On February 12, 1952, Michael motherfucking McDonald is born. Oh, yeah, it's been too long since anyone was McDonald. Triple M, man, triple M didn't contribute anything. Triple M contributed happiness to me in this episode. Also I was going too high. Always going too high on triple M. I forget about his range. Anyway, the year before, we're going to back up. We're going to back up now from 19, wait, 1952, was Michael McDonald.

1949 was Fred Hoyle, coined the term Big Bang. We're going back to 1948. American cosmologist Ralph Alfner, Robert Herman, published a prediction that if indeed the universe were created in Big Bang, today we would see the glow of light that was released when Adams first formed when the universe was about 300,000 years old since universe has been expanding for billions of years the light would have been stretched a thousand times so that it could be only detected today as microwaves. And then in 1964 American physicists Arno, Penzias and Robert Wilson of Bell Labs announced they had identified this light providing the strongest evidence to date and support of the Big Bang Theory.

Virtually all cosmologists and theoretical physicists do endorse this theory today. Most believe that our universe was born about 13.7 billion years ago in a massive expansion that blew up You know space like a like a gigantic balloon 1966 James Peables a Canadian American astrophysicist in his primordial helium abundance in the primordial fireball to paper, shows how the Big Bang model predicts the correct abundance of helium in the current universe. Perfect. People can make their voices higher by sucking helium out of balloons anywhere in the universe. Good to know. 1967 American and British physicist Robert Wagner, William Fowler and Fred Hoyle on their

on the synthesis of elements at very high temperatures, show how the big bang model also predicts the correct abundance of deuterium and lithium in the current universe. So that's good. People can treat being bipolar anywhere in the universe and they can fuel experimental fusion reactors and do whatever else, bug and deuterium, let's you do. 1982 to Canadian scientists James Peoples, J Jay Richard Bond, along with American astral physicists, George Blumenthal, and others proposed that cold, dark matter makes up about 80% of the matter in the universe.

And what's dark matter? It's material that scientists cannot directly observe, material that does not admit light or energy. So basically, we don't know. No one knows what the hell it really is. There's a lot of intelligent guesses, but at the end of the day, no one totally knows. And I love that.

I love how there's still a lot of mystery in the cosmos. 1988, the CFA2 Great Wall, aka the coma wall is discovered. And what is the coma wall? This is fucking crazy. It's a huge wall way out in space, made up of people in comas of their spirits that have floated out there.

Like when you go into a coma, your soul can astral project around space and sometimes you can get stuck on these walls and it makes it hard to come out of coma. That's why a lot of people think it's hard to get out of coma's because people are stuck on these space walls. No, it doesn't mean that.

I wish. I wish you did. Can you imagine? Can you imagine something like that was true. I would love it so much if something, just anything that absurd was ever true. I would, it would be like one of the greatest moments of my life if there was like the news story about scientists

getting some new images back from the Hubble Space Telescope. And they're just like, we don't, we don't fucking understand it. We're, you know, we're really struggling to kind of comprehend how this is possible, but the pictures are what the pictures are. And we found, you know, about 40, you know, trillion Googleplexes away out in space, there's a wall. And there's a lot of people sleep out there. There's spirits. And, you know, you can see, look, there's a red head lady there and there's an Asian guy right there. They're spirits. And you know, you can see, look, there's a red head lady there and there's an Asian guy right there. They're fucking stuck. And this is Jack, or one of our fellow physicists, this is cousin. This is cousin Jim is stuck out on this fucking goddamn

space wall. Why can't someone like hack the Hubble space? Tell us, come and just get weird ass images. Oh, how funny would that be? Just for that kind of practical joke. If some juvenile hacker could hack into the Hubble Space Telescope and mess with the images, how pissed would scientists be? These cosmologists, if they just kept getting back like new, different pictures of constellations, and the constellations just kept showing up in the distinct shape of Dix. So I'm just kept drawing constellations of Dix

and then it'll help us. Anyway, well, what's the common wall? I'm getting distracted. It's one of the largest known superstructures in the observable universe. It's an immense galaxy filament a massive thread-like formation that forms a boundary between large voids in the universe.

And it's, I don't know, might be full of space monsters or something, we don't know, guessing. I don't have any numbers to back up. I think it might be where Nimrod lives. Our giant space Sasquatch God with a Chubacabra head and flaming suns, rise. I think, no one can put me wrong. On 1989, astronomers began to take finer

and finer images of distant galaxies, and as soon became evident that galaxies came in clusters, our own cluster called the local group, has about 20 galaxies in it. Some clusters have more than 1,000 galaxies, but are there clusters of clusters of galaxies? I keep on to saying, choir in minds, want to know. Uncovering the large scale structure of galaxies in the universe required not only looking at images, but finding the distance to each galaxy in order to create a three-dimensional

map, showing how galaxies are distributed in the universe. John Hattra and Margaret Geller of the Harvard Smithsonian Center for Astral Figs became the leaders in the effort to create this immense map, a map that's still being worked on. The project in charge of it is now called the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. So far, over 930,000 galaxies reaching out about 2 billion light years have been mapped. It's quite a map. 1990, the Hubble Space Telescope launched into low Earth orbit. It's been designed and worked on or it had been designed and worked on for decades

prior cost over $10 billion to create and maintain. Hubble's telescope is powerful enough to spot the light of a firefly at a distance of 7,000 miles. 1995, Robert Williams, director of the Hubble Space Telescope Science Institute, chose a surprising target to point the Hubble Space Telescope Science Institute, chose a surprising target to point the Hubble Space Telescope at. He chose to point at nothing at all. He pointed at a place in space that had no planets or stars or visible galaxies, the

quietest, darkest place he could find, and he focused the power of this telescope for 11 in a third days of valuable observing time, and he was rewarded with an image of thousands of galaxies. The Hubble Deep Field image has become one of the most remarkable findings of the space age, and has again vastly expanded our vision of the cosmos. 1998, two teams of scientists working independently realized that the universe

was not just expanding, it was accelerating. In 2010, Wendy Friedman, his name director of the observatories of the Carnegie Institution of Washington, following in the footsteps of the observatories founding director George Ellery Hale, who led the effort to build some of the world's largest telescopes of the 20th century. Wendy Friedman is spearheading the effort to construct the giant Magellan telescope. With a primary mirror nearly 80 feet in diameter, that when completed, we'll produce images 10 times sharper than the Hubble Space Telescope and view objects 100 times fainter. For comparison, Hubble's primary mirror

is 7 feet 10 and a half inches in diameter, and this thing's going to be 80 feet. The telescope will be earth-based and construction planned to take place in Chile with an estimated commission date of 2029. On April 10, 2019, the event horizon telescope collaboration announced the image of the shadow of the black hole at the center of the M87 galaxy. This is the first time astronomers have ever captured an image of the shadow of black hole, further proving the existence of black holes, helping to verify Einstein's general theory of relativity.

And more discoveries are occurring all the time. Who knows which ones will take place tomorrow or next week or next month. Maybe one of you meets Zach's list and will take humanities understanding of the cosmos and other quantum leap forward. And now let's pop out of this time suck timeline. Good job, soldier. You made it back.

Barely. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. All right, now let's get back to the multiverse. We're going to do another little summation of multiverse theory collected by fantastic

science writer and Stanford University profiler, Kurt Thon. There are five parts to explain at all. First we're going to return to the super easy to understand string theory landscape. You know, you get it. It's a fucking string theory. Yeah. There's strings and stuff in space. Then we're going to look It's a fine thing. String theory. Yeah. There's strings and stuff in space.

Then we're going to look a little cosmic symphony of vibrating things known as unifying theory. The third part is the fractal universe. Then we're going to look at lambda and dark energy. Finally we'll explore the landscape. It's a cool way of saying more complicated science. You shit. And then we're going to get to some internet, light and things up.

Let's start with string theory landscape. The string theory landscape combines elements of string theory and cosmic inflation to greatly expand the scope of the big bang theory to incorporate the idea of infinite universes in a vast multiverse. And yeah, that, you know, you guys get it. The theory's advocate say it's the only way to explain why certain features of the universe are suspiciously fine-tuned for life, while critics say it's not scientific, because it can't be experimentally verified. The Big Bang theory describes the abrupt origins of space and time from a swiftly unfurling singularity, a hot dense point of pure potential, packed impossibly full with eternity, and the rudiments of creation. And with the universe

it seeks to explain this theory is endlessly evolving ever since its proposal nearly a century ago, physicists have revised and remade it to reflect new scientific concepts and discoveries. And the more I talk about this, I got to say, it seems like this points again to some type of God force. It's either a cosmic entity possibly outside our ability to comprehend, set everything in motion, or everything in the infinite universe started off as some tiny bit of nothingness and exploded and expanded into everything so quickly.

We'll talk about how quick here in a bit. The latest draft of the scientific story of Genesis called the string theory landscape. And twined at its heart are two of the strangest and most enduring ideas in modern physics. String theory and cosmic inflation, which Stanford physicists helped bring together nearly two decades ago, string theory asserts that the basic building blocks of reality are vibrating, one-dimensional loops of energy, that quiver in ten or more dimensions, to strum out to elementary particles and fundamental forces of nature. Cosmic inflation holds that the Big Bang began with a period of exponential expansion that

swelled our universe from a fragile quantum spec to a vast manner of emptiness, a quarter billion light years wide, and a flicker of a flicker of time. One moment, nothing but a fragile quantum spec and an impossibly blank void next moment, universe. Possibly a young, multiverse, impossibly big. Either infinite or quickly growing into something infinite. I get why Hugh Everett never touches kids, right? Why drank a lot?

He was constantly frustrated and half crazed, trying to solve a seemingly unsolvable equation. Just wandering around, probably pacing around and his fucking den. How can there be nothing? And then everything. And then infinite varieties of everything. Oh, I need to start a chalkboard.

And then I have a drink and I fuck, I need a fucking bottle. I need a bottle and I need my kids to shut the fuck up. So I can tilt. There's a quake. And he's probably just drove mad. According to the series, the heavenly sprawl still occurs in distant corners of the cosmos, spinning out a web related, you know, a related daughter universe, they connect to form a much larger multiverse.

And then there's a cosmic symphony of vibrating things. 1969 Leonard Susskind, a professor of theoretical physics at Stanford University we mentioned earlier, imagined the basic building blocks of the universe as invisible, vibrating loops of energy. And he wasn't super high when he did that. He was sober, you know, at some point in his life and he's like, whoa, whoa, wait, wait, wait, wait, wait, wait, wait, wait, wait, wait, wait, the vibrating energy loops. I get it now. Everything is built on vibrating energy loops. This insight would form the basis of string theory and help lead to a radical reinvisioning of how the universe began. When Suskind came up with the idea for string theory in 1969,

he wasn't searching for a theory of everything, trying to provoke a fundamental crisis in physics. His ambition was much more modest. He was trying to explain the strong force binding protons and neutrons inside of atoms. You know, like, like, grade school shit. Yeah, he did it. Then a young particle physicist at New York's

Yashivi University, he realized that the mathematical formula that explains what happens when particle pairs collide made more sense if one imagined the particles as individual loops of string. They combine and oscillate together for a little while before parting ways. That's kind of what I was thinking. Before I read this, I was like, man,

it just feels like it's string, you know? I wanna join in to scientific conversations like that. When guys are talking about like the nature of atoms and the expansion of the universe, I'm like, yeah, right? It's like string. You ever look at string and you're like, that's the thing I need right there to make it work.

If you string stuff together and you vibrate it, then it sticks together. Hey, can I get you guys into some snack tour? I'm gonna grab some cheese and crackers. Do you guys need anything? Susskin describes his joy in this moment of figuring out, he realizes, he has this moment when he realizes that the mathematical form of that explains what happens when particle pairs collide,

makes more sense, you know, if you think about him, the individual loops are stringed, they combine and oscillate together for a little while before parting ways, and he says, you have this moment, or he says, you saved yourself if you think about them, the individual who's stringing the combining oscillate together for a little while before parting ways. And he says, uh, he had this moment where he says, you say to yourself, here I am, you're only one on the planet who knows this thing soon, the rest of the world will know. But right now, I'm really one.

And then his relation lasts for just two days. Then he learns it's two other physicists. You're cherry, Nambu at the University of Chicago and Holdren Neilsson at the University of Copenhagen. They had the same idea at the same time two days later. Suskins excitement began spreading to the rest of the physics community in 1984, when physicists John Schwartz, Michael Green, now at Caltech and the University of Cambridge, respectively published a paper suggesting that string theory could describe not only the strong force,

the one Suskins thought to explain or suskind, thought to explain, but the weak and electromagnetic forces as well. Most intriguing, and also predicted the existence of a massless particle called a graviton. Gravitons are the presumed quantum messengers of gravity, the slippery fourth force that refuses to be corralled into the standard model, the theoretical framework devised by physicists to explain how the basic building blocks of matter interact.

Exuberant theorists everywhere soon felt that they were on the verge of reconciling the mathematical discord between general relativity, which explains gravity and quantum mechanics, which describes the interactions of other fundamental forces. They had a lot of nerds, we're very excited, a lot of nerd boners, a lot of, I don't know, wet nerds of a genus, you know, you get it. There appear to be inseparable obstacles to deriving of all of known physics to clear one group of supremely confident string theorists. Wasn't just string theories explanatory. Power that physicists found bewitching.

They were also wooed by its mathematical beauty. Those who plumb the depths of its rigorous equations compared the quest to spiritual enlightenment. Man, these guys are going deep on this. But the theory demanded a lot from its believers, such as the blind acceptance of at least 10 dimensions. The four that we are familiar with up, down, left, right, front, back, and time, plus another six or more that are invisible, because they're curled up or compactified, like origami folded from the fabric of reality and what the fuck is hanging out.

And that was dimensions. Lizard people, Ron Oak, Ray Cluospiders, maybe some extra songs, Kenny Rogers, didn't have time to record, you know, before he folded them earlier this year. No one knows. The extra dimensions could have different shapes and sizes, be shelf with an a myriad of ways,

since the geometry of the dimensions determine how the strings vibrate and thus the particles and forces that they can manifest as the theory allowed for many combinations of physical laws and constants. The situation grew even more complex, awesome, in the 1990s. When theorists realized that in addition to one-dimensional strings, the theory must also include higher-dimensional membranes, or brains, and other ingredients such as fluxes. Physicists had clung to a threat of hope that string theory would reduce down to one inevitable

universe whose physics resembled our own. Instead, it seemed to describe an astronomical number of possible universes, a value that was a suskind put it, measured not in the billions or billions. Wait, measure not in the millions or billions, but in Google's or Google Plexus. A Google is a one followed by a hundred zeroes for reference a trillion has twelve zeroes and a Googleplex is one followed by a Google of zeroes. So in layman's terms, it's a lot. It's big, you know, real big. A string theory has reached an impasse. Many physicists were disillusioned. Their best bet for the theory of everything contains so many solutions that it might as well be a theory of nothing.

Soon, however, a simple but radical proposition emerged. If the theory's equations did not point to any particular geometry for the extra dimensions, maybe there was no right geometry. Okay? Perhaps each mathematical possibility in string theory is realized in nature as a physical reality, and our universe is merely one of a boundless variety in the multiverse. Believe in those string theory allowed for an incredible diversity of worlds nature as a physical reality, and our universe is merely one of a boundless variety in the multiverse.

But even though string theory allowed for an incredible diversity of worlds, it provided no mechanism for creating them. As Susskind put it, mathematical existence is not the same as physical existence. Discovering the string theory has a hundred or ten thousand five hundred solutions explains nothing about our world. Unless we can also understand how the corresponding environments came into being. For that, physicists would need to go back to the very first moments of the universe, to the beginning of time itself.

And that leads us to the third part, fractal universe. I wish I was just having this fantasy as I'm just talking about this stuff of, what if you had, if I had a really rich dad, and he's really interested in nature of the universe, and he you know gives these scientists like the best minds in the world all this money to work on figuring this shit out with one condition that I have to be included in all the conversations I don't know why my mind went there and it's just me and these scientists in a room and they can't fire me they can't throw me out and they can't be dicks because I'll tell my dad

and they're funny we'll be taken away so they have to humor me out and they can't be dicks because I'll tell my dad and they're funny. They're taking away. They have to humor me. It's like all these guys really like fucking crunch it so many numbers trying to figure out. I'm like, Hey guys, guys, where about gremlins? Think about that. Okay, so you hear me out.

In fourth dimension is gremlins. The gremlins think about that movie with John Litzkow and it's out on the plane and it's storming and it's trying to fuck up the wing and everybody's scared. And that's what's happening in our universe is there's like these Gremlins dimension guys like the monsters you can see movie sometimes and it's like we we're trying to do our thing you know and then the Gremlins they're like the rune and shit and that's how accident has happened you know it's because it's like maybe when you fall down and you hurt yourself, maybe you didn't really fall down,

maybe Gremlin tripped you. And that's a fourth dimension. But in the fifth dimension, I can page into the cowboy hats. They're singing songs, right? You ever think about that? You know, look at, carry the one. Hey guys, look at my numbers.

And then for my numbers, it's just like, I just draw pictures of creatures. I just draw a picture of a pigeon with a cowboy hat and then it's add some numbers to it and then have a groundland in the corner and then you just draw a dick or something here and there but try and take it seriously. And then what about that?

You know, whenever they go on their break, they're just like fucking comments. We're never gonna get there. We're never gonna get there if he just keeps talking with his goddamn jibbers. And I'm back. Okay, sorry. I don't know why my brain does stuff like that.

Fractal universe, late one summer night, nearly 40 years ago, Russian-American theoretical physicist, Andre Lindey. It's got a weird rhymin name. Andre Lindey. I think he got teased. He was seized by a sudden conviction that he knew how the universe was born. His nocturnal eureka moment would lead to another imagining of a multiverse late one summer night in 1981.

While still a junior research fellow at the Lebedev physical instituted Moscow. Andre Linde was struck by revelation, unable to contain his excitement. He shook away his wife, Ronaldo, Kalush, whispered to her in their native Russian, I think I know how the universe was born. And if I said that to my wife, I am 90% sure she would be so mad and she would say something along the lines of, shut the fuck up and come back to sleep. And she would, because she would know

that I was talking nonsense. She wouldn't want to hear my talk of Gremlins and pigeons with Coway hats. But Andre's wife listened, because they had a different relationship. Kallush, a theoretical physicist herself, muttered some encouraging words before falling back asleep. She didn't think it was crazy. It wasn't until the next morning that I realized the full impact of what Andre had told

me. She recalled later, she's now a professor of physics at Stanford, at the Institute for theoretical physics. Linda's nocturnal eureka moment had to do with the problem in cosmology that he and other theorists, including Stephen Hawking, has struggled with for many months a year earlier a 32 year old post doc at the SLC National Accelerator Accelerator Laboratory named Alan Gooth shock the physics community by posing a bold modification to the Big Bang Theory. According to Gooth's idea, which he called inflation, our universe erupted from a vacuum-like state and underwent a brief period of faster than light, way faster than light expansion, and less than a billionth of a trillionth of a trillionth of a second.

Space time doubled more than 60 times from a subatomic speck to a volume many times larger than the observable universe. And I know I have already addressed how incredibly hard that is to fathom, but I can't help to think about it again. That a subatomic spec could A, contain a universe, or infinite universes, and that B, the transformation from spec to so much more than you can see when you look up at the stars above at night could take place essentially instantaneously. I hope that is what happened because that does feel spiritual to me, right?

That's a God force. Just snap at its cosmic fingers and turning nothing into everything. I don't know how you see explain it. A good envision the powerful repulsive force fueling the universe's exponential growth as a field of energy flooding space. As the universe unfurled this inflation field this inflation field decayed and its shed energy was transfigured into a fiery bloom of matter and radiation, this pivot from nothing to something and timelessness to time marks the beginning of the Big Bang.

The Alpha, it also prompted Gooth to famously equip that the inflationary universe was the ultimate free lunch as theories go, inflation was a beauty. It explained in one fell swoop why the universe is so large, why it was born hot, why its structure appears to be so flattened uniform over vast distances. There was just one tiny problem with this theory at the end of the day didn't really work. To conclude the unpacking of spacetime, Gooth Barrow to trick from quantum mechanics called tunneling to allow as inflation field to randomly and instantly skip from a higher, less stable energy state to a lower one, thus bypassing a barrier that could not be scaled by classical physics. But closer inspection revealed that quantum tunneling caused the inflation field to decay

quickly and unevenly resulting in a universe that was not flat and not uniform. Another fatal flaw of this theory, youth wrote at the end of his paper on inflation, I am publishing this paper in the hope that it will encourage others to find some way to avoid the undesirable features of the inflationary scenario. Goose plea was answered by Linda, Andre, who on that fateful summer night realized

that inflation didn't require quantum tunneling to work. Instead, the inflation field could be modeled as a ball rolling down a hill of potential energy that had a very shallow, nearly flat slope, while the ball rolls lazily downhill, the universe is inflating, and as it nears the bottom, inflation slows further and eventually ends. This provided a graceful exit to the inflationary state that was lacking in goose model and produced a cosmos like the one we observe. To distinguish it from goose, original model while still paying homage to it, Linde dubbed his new model, new inflation.

And by the time Linde and Kallouche moved to Stanford in 1990, field experiments had begun to catch up with this theory. Space missions, space missions, were finding temperature variations in the energetic after-flow of the Big Bang, called the cosmic microwave background radiation that confirmed startling predictions made by

the latest inflationary models. These updated models went by various names like chaotic inflation, eternal inflation, internal chaotic inflation. They all shared in common the graceful exit that Linda pioneered. According to these models, galaxies like the Milky Way grew from faint wrinkles in the fabric of space time. The density of matter in these wrinkles was slightly greater compared to surrounding areas. This difference was magnified during inflation, allowing them to attract even more matter. From these dense primordial seeds grew the cosmic structures we see

today. Then they said galaxies are children of random quantum fluctuations produced during the first 10 to 35 seconds after the birth of the universe. That's fucking crazy to think about. All right, and 35 seconds tops, that all of these galaxies were made. Inflation predicted that the quantum fluctuations would leave in prints on the universe's background radiation in the form of hotter and colder regions. And that is precisely what two experiments dubbed Coby and WMAP found. Linde and others later realized the same quantum fluctuations that the produced galaxies can give rise to new inflating regions in the universe. Even though inflation ended in our local cosmic neighborhood 14 billion years ago, it can still continue at the outermost

fringes of the universe. The consequence is an ever-expanding sea of inflating space-time dotted with island universes or pocket universes like our own where inflation is ceased. As a result, the universe becomes a multiverse, an eternally growing fractal consisting of exponentially many, exponentially large parts, wrote Lindy. And they took the multiverse idea further by proposing each pocket universe, you know, could have differing properties, a conclusion at some string theorists were all to reaching independently. It is not the laws of physics that are different in the universes in each universe, but their realizations. He said an analogy is the relationship between liquid water and ice. They're both H2O, but realized differently. And Lindei's

multiverse is like a cosmic fun house with, you know, reality distorted mirrors. Some pocket universes are resplendent with life. Others are still born because they were cursed with too few or too many dimensions, or with physics incompatible with the formation of stars and galaxies. An infinite number of exact replicas of ours, but more, but infinitely more are only near replicas. Oh my god, it's fucking crazy. Now the fourth part, we're almost done with this. This is heavy stuff.

I know, we're almost, we're almost out of it. The fourth part of this overview addresses dark energy. The discovery of dark energy, the 90s, marked a time of reckoning for string theorists. Either their theory had to account for this newfound force, it was pushing space time apart, or they had to admit the string theory may never describe the universe we live in.

In 1998, astronomers hunting halfway across the universe for ebbing light of exploded stars, announced they had discovered evidence that the universe's expansion is speeding up with every passing year, new experiments confirm this result. Expansion is accelerating. For that to be true, an elusive force,

physicists had come to refer his dark energy must be real. Einstein predicted the existence of dark energy in 1917 when he applied his general theory of relativity to the structure of space time. He needed a hypothetical force to prevent the universe from collapsing, so he invented a repulsive space-filling energy, you know, called the cosmological constant or lambda. When some astronomers discovered in the 20s that the universe is expanding, Einstein

realized that lambda was no longer necessary and he scrapped the idea, calling it his biggest blunder. Right? Not the... Not the wife cousin. But Einstein may have been too hard on himself. Today most physicists think that dark energy, the cosmological constant in lambda, all refer to a repulsive energy infused in empty space itself.

Quantum mechanics predict that the spontaneous creation and annihilation of ghostly virtual particles generate an anti-gravitational force whose influence grows with the age and size of the universe. When astronomers were able to measure the lambda, experimentally, they found it had a positive but bewilderingly tiny value that was about a trillion trillion trillion trillion trillion trillion trillion trillion trillion times weaker than theory predicted. Equally perplexing lambdas of tiny value laid just within the narrow range able to support life.

If we were much larger, the universe would expand too quickly for galaxies and stars to form, smaller, creation would collapse back to a point. Theoretical physics was upside down because of this experimental discovery, Kaluś said, the first tentative steps toward resolving what came to be known as the cosmological concept problem was taken in 2000 by theorist Joseph Polstinski of the University of California, Santa Barbara and Raphael Bousso, Stanford Postdoc and a former student, Stephen Hawking. The pair published a paper showing that string theory could give rise to an enormous number of unique vacuum states, vastly more than previously thought. The vacuum state is what remains if you remove all of the particles from the universe. Andre Linde explained,

the properties of a vacuum determine what its particles will look like, and what the physics of their interactions will be if it were populated. Each vacuum described in essence a potential universe with its own singular take on particles and forces. It was already known that string theory had lots of solutions, Suskind said, but their paper showed that it could have a vast number and among them could be solutions that had these rare traits like a very low cosmological constant. But despite offering tantalizing hints of a string theory of string theory universes that could accommodate dark energy, both chink-skie and boso, now at

university California Berkeley, stop short of actually finding one. They had a correct, but imprecise collection of arguments for this diversity. Suskind said they had no real examples of it. The first reasonably example was discovered by theoretical physicist Eva Silverstein, professor at Stanford Institute for theoretical physics, who was motivated by dark energy discovery to search for a mechanism that could create a so-called dissider solution to string theory. Decider solutions named after the Dutch astronomer represent expanding universes with a positive cosmological constant similar to our own. Silverstein wanted to know if a solution existed in string theory that was compatible with

the universe that astronomers actually observe Up to the point or up to that point string theorists had focused on solutions for universes with a negative lambda called anti-disit or space time It said the sitter solutions are more complex and until the discovery of dark energy no one bothered some even argued that the sitter solutions weren't possible in string theory and it remained a complicated subject But these no-go arguments did not consider the leading contributions to the potential energy in string theory. I picture these people trying to get grant money. Like I'm amazed. These guys are able to get government grant money, you know, to work

on these things. Because like unless you're so deep in this, who the fuck understands? They can be talking about anything. I just just picture like this that quote was from Silverstein I picture them talking to some politician or Congress about why they need this money and Saying all this shit like you might as well just go to Congress bike. Hey guys Here's here. Listen. That's we got to figure out some more stuff about the universe We we found 47 Sasquatch was in a primordial void that we need to find out what kind of fleas are on their fur because if we can do that, then we can jump to what's called the Gremlin force field parallel universe where the cowboy pigeon chicken hats, they can also be added to nine foxes that sing songs on every Thursday of the third week in January of every fourth or third year. And then if you multiply that by 3.75,

that is what in eventually the Congress is like, yeah, okay, okay, stop, stop talking. How much you need? Billion, all right, we shut the fuck up. If we give you $1 million, we go away for 10 years and not ever talk to any of us about any of that again. Huh?

All right, get out of here, go on now, get. That stuff is ridiculous to me. I mean, important. But Jesus Christ is just dense. In 2001, Silverstein published a paper. We're almost done. Which she proposed a mechanism for combining various ingredients from string theory, extra dimensions, fluxes, and so on, in specific ways to create a decider model.

She also predicted that any decider solutions would need to contain certain features. She argued, for example, that the path to positive lambda was indirect and we require making a negative contribution first. One thing I pointed out early on is that negative contributions to the potential energy and the right place to produce a local dip in it would be needed. Silverstein said, and that this role could be played by oriental folds, which are defects in string theories, extra dimensions that have controlled amount of necot energy, and then Silverstein's hunch would soon be proven correct.

And now for our final look, into the multiverse, the landscape. My brain is about to fucking just die right now. Every time I would go over these notes, I think I'm gonna get it the next time. Stanford physicists continue to survey the peaks and valleys of the string theory landscape that they helped discover nearly two decades ago. Even as critics say that the theory is ultimately untestable.

Yeah, of course it is. Nearly two decades after it's proposed, the string theory landscape remains divisive among physicists. That makes me feel a little bit good at least. In the beginning, there were people who hated it, some hated even now, and more strongly than before, Andre Landia said, the idea that our universe must have laws suitable for life is called the Anthropic Principle. It's a notion many physicists despise.

One US noble laureate called it defeatist and dangerous, instead of smells of religion and intelligent design. But that doesn't mean it's wrong. And according to Leonard Susskind, there's no better theory at present. He says, it's not enough to say I hate the idea. You have to say here's a better idea and no one has had one.

This concept of string theory landscape has led to something called modern inflationary cosmology, this project of multi-institution endeavor, endeavor funded by the Simon's Foundation and coordinated by Eva Silverstein. A goal of the project will be to study the primordial seeds of galaxies and other cosmic structures for clues about physics in the early universe. According to inflationary cosmology, the early universe was filled

with fields such as inflation field and gravitational field and some string theory influence models of inflation developed high silver seed and others. Fluctuations in these fields were frozen into patterns resembling triangles, rectangles and other shapes, which were preserved as the universe expanded and the fluctuations blossomed in the galaxies and other cosmic structures. These patterns are non-gasa nights, or gassinian, oh my god, gasa, not at whatever. It's G-A-U-S-S-I-A-N-I-T-I-E-S. Don't fucking send your emails. This is pronounced, I don't fucking care right now. These patterns could appear as peculiar groupings of galaxies and galaxy clusters and

telescope surveys or as deviations in the predicted number and type of black holes present in any given region of space, discovering or constraining these non-G things in a systematic way as possible and prove our knowledge of conditions in the universe roughly 14 billion years ago and help with distinguish between vastly different models of inflation. Silverstein said, meanwhile, the science of dark energy continues to evolve as part of astrophysics independent of the question of whether or not dark energy is Einstein's cosmological constant experiments like European space agencies upcoming Euclid space mission

and the ground-based large synoptic survey telescope being assembled in Chile will measure the acceleration of the universe with unprecedented precision and chart the history of cosmic expansion over the past 10 billion years. But this is all the scientific study and really hard to understand for the average person fucking mumbo jumbo really point the existence of a multiverse. Distinguished South American professor George FR Ellis many others say no. The multiverse idea is provable neither by observation nor as an implication of well-established physics. Maybe true can never be shown to be true. This is what the thing that's

thinking from a lot of people is right now. It does have great explanatory power. It provides it provides an empirically based rationalization for fine tuning developed from known physical principles, but one must distinguish between explanation and prediction. Successful scientific theories make predictions that can be tested. The multiverse theory cannot be tested. If it can't be scientifically tested, is the concept of the multiverse really science?

Not exactly. To classify it as science, according to many scientists, it is dangerous because we can secrete theory needed to scientifically prove something and set some bad precedent. As a man is the key principle that has led to the extraordinary success of science, the ability to truly empirically prove something. The tractors of multiverse theory believe the appropriate statement we can make is not multiverses exist or that multiverses have been proved to exist or even that multiverses can be proved to have ever existed, but rather multiverses are a useful explanatory hypothesis.

20th century mathematician, popular science writer Martin Gardner put it this way in 2003, there is not the slightest shred of reliable evidence that there is any universe other than the one we are in. No multiverse theory has so far provided a prediction that can be tested. As far as we can tell, universes are not as plentiful as even two blackberries. As he thinks. So dear Medesack, does your brain feel broken? If so, I'm with you. I do think the Patreon spaces are making this show possible, they get to vote on two topics

a month, I'm not gonna lie to you. I was really hoping this topic was not gonna win. That being said, I am glad it did, in a sense, even if I don't understand a lot of this, I do understand some of it, I understand more of it because I looked into it, and it is fascinating truly to think about. I hope I got it right as much as I could. A lot of information to trying to still make entertaining, difficult to comprehend, tough to decide what to include, what to exclude. And it's a subject that doesn't just

confound me, it does confound even the most brilliant of mine. So hopefully that makes you feel better if it's confusing to you. I watched a 2014 YouTube video trying to get my head around a lot of this of the Stanford Professor Andre Lindey, right? His wife, Stanford Professor Ranada Kalush. And it's this video where another physicist reveals the results of a recent experiment, you know, recent in 2014 that proved a lot of Lindey's beliefs and string theory. And he almost started crying. Like he was just, he just hugged this guy, he didn't seem like a guy who's normally a

hugger, he was blown away. And he talked about how he'd been wondering for decades. If the revelation he'd had late that one summer night, 19-1 that we talked about when he woke up his wife, we're not out of the share. He'd been wondering for decades if it actually was correct. He admitted to doubting himself most of the time, thinking that maybe he was crazy. And this is one of the top, you know, physicist minds in the world. Robert Lawrence Coon, the creator, writer and host of Closer to Truth, a public TV series,

online resource that features the world's leading thinkers, exploring humanity's deepest questions, a guy with a PhD in anatomy and brain research from UCLA, a master of science from MIT, he wrote in 2015, quote, since childhood, I've obsessed about existence. What is existence? What's the extent of existence? What's the purpose of existence? Now, six decades on having explored many things, I'm no sure and feeling no smarter, but I continue my pursuit.

So if you feel like the more you look into the nature of the universe, this type of stuff, the multiverse, the less you know, you are far from not alone. I don't know about you, but sometimes when I reach, when I reach really high, I'm trying to understand things that, you know, feel like maybe they're just outside the grasp of my intellectual ability to comprehend, and I feel like it, like it dull me in moments, and to feel better, you know, after delving into mind, after mind, after mind, of minds that are arguably stronger than my own mind,

I like to go the other way. And check out with people, you know, with brain similar to mine are thinking to feel better about myself. And so let's all feel better. And right now I feel like one of the idiots of the internet, let's see what other idiots think about the multiverse

All right, today's comments come from underneath an eight-minute video titled string theory explain What is the true nature of reality published on YouTube on March 1st 2018 reality published on YouTube on March 1, 2018. Over 13 million views, over 16,000 comments, and I think about, you know, 15,500 of the comments are references to the long running Big Bang Theory sitcom. Then there's some others, and they made me feel better. And late last night, when I was finishing this stuff up, it just made me laugh. Prem Prakash posts. Thanks. Now I'm even more confused.

Exactly. So many other posts, variations of that statement. Yowling or Liang posts. Me at the beginning of the video. I can't wait to learn about the true nature of reality. Me at the end of the video. I can't wait to learn about the nature of reality. It made me laugh so fucking hard for whatever reason I read about last night. Yeah, exactly. So much this stuff was like, wait, what? Marwin, Tolentino Post, I'm now officially stupid. I didn't understand a thing about string theory. I get it.

I spend hours rereading this stuff. I often feel the exact same way. To Hinder Sing Post, this video passed through my brain at the speed of light. Well done. Best speed of light reference. I came across in the comments. Olivia L posted me before this video.

I'm gonna learn stuff today, me after this video. Huh? Yeah. Diago out me to post. This video is like a huge kick in the ass to all the time I spend at a university. Millennium bricks posted, this taught me nothing about guitar playing. Well done.

I see what you did there. Good job, Millennium bricks. Rowan Jeffery posts, I'm the perfect amount of high for this. That's what I messed up. That's what I should have done. I should have got high to do research, and I definitely should have got high to try and do this suck, you know, to record it.

Bob a Loni, homeo sapiens post, why did this come up when I was searching for Boney M reviews, frowny face? I love how random that one is. I love the sad emoji at the end. He just wanted to see, guys, he just wanted to find out what people were saying about Boney M, you know about his music,

and he ended up having his brains dumped on And then one more large coke doesn't give a shit who makes fun of him for going low brow under a high brow video posting about Well, uh literal shit He wrote technically taking a dump after eating spaghetti counts as string theory Mm-hmm. My brain feels like it took a dump in my own skull. Thank you, fellow idiots of the internet for making me feel less alone.

It is, I'll be into that. You know, outside of a few sections where I feel like you, I've either studied this stuff for many years or just not going to sink in. I do feel, I don't be negative. I do feel like, how many of you are studying this stuff for many years or just not gonna sink in? I do feel, I don't mean negative, I do feel like I learned a lot, I really do. And it just made me contemplate a lot about the universe we live in.

It is interesting to think that at the end of the day, theologian, the scientist, all of us, none of us really fucking know why we're floating around on this big rock. It's fascinating to think about, you know, people devoting their lives to figure that out and they've been doing that for centuries. And they are learning things. They are making advancements. We're seeing farther and farther out into space with these telescopes and, you know, equations, you know, are being crunched constantly

to determine the nature of the cosmos. It's fascinating to think about what we might figure out someday. I think about most going to take away from this episode, that a lot of smart people think of multiverse as not only possible but probable. That's just incredible to think about. So crazy to think about how many other worlds and how many other versions of us there could be. I was a huge, huge Twilight Zone fan as a kid, and this all definitely feels very, very Twilight Zone. Is there a universe where serial killer Andrei Chikotilo liked to wrestle but not kill? Where he didn't have a soft shame cut.

What is big deal I have rock hard penis I'm cool gym teacher. Get fuck out of here I was evil. Of course I stop and kill and jerks I shame cock, I kill and they have a universe. Is there a universe where serial killer Ed Kemper got along great with his mom and never cut her head off? Mother, I love you very much. Look what I put on a stick, some fruit. It's a fruit bouquet, mother.

Is there a universe where there's always enough dittle for Juju? Too little plenty of dittle, Pewdie! Maybe in another universe? Albert Fish really was a big time producer. Showbiz! I tied you in Hollywood! Maybe didn't kill anyone but did spank leading actresses and consensually enjoyed some piping hot apple cider and fresh out of the shoot!

Pea-na-ba-bada! Time now for top 5. The takeaways. Time Shuck! five. Takeaways. Time, suck. Top five. Take away. Number one, we stand on the shoulders of giants. Hundreds, thousands of mathematicians, cosmologists, physicists, other scientific minds have made up

our substantial knowledge of the universe and new brains continually build upon that knowledge. How much farther can it all go? Hopefully so much farther. Push it forward, meat sack. Push it all forward. Number two, while based in a lot of science, multiverse theory is not a provable science. There are many hypotheses, but no one has been able to test, falsify or prove the multiverse theory.

In that sense, it's technically not even theory. Approvable science of the fact, but a hypothesis, actually a collection of many hypotheses as we learned today, famous scientists like Hugh Everett, Max Teigmark, Michio Kaku, Neil deGrasse Tyson, all seem to be enthusiastic about the multiverse theory. Well, other equally brilliant scientists like pale Davies, Adam Frank, David Gross seem to think it's dog shit on fire. Number three, cosmology can be complicated.

We just scraped a surface of this stuff, so much math, so many massive brains. Number four, cosmologist Tiko Bra, had some seriously unique experiences. My God, he lost his nose in a nerd sword duel or brass nose for over 30 years, had his pet elk die when he got drunk and fell down the stairs and died from holding his pee so he wouldn't insult the king. Number five, something new. Allow me to quickly acknowledge that this topic likely won the topic vote because the concept of a multiverse is culturally referenced a ton in various forms of media, right? From CS Lewis's classic The Lion, The Witch, The Wardrobe to Jonathan, Jonathan Swift

Galover's, or so my god,, Jonathan Swift, Gulliver's travels to the, feel like my brain's shutting down right now. Gulliver's travels to the Wizard of Oz and Peter Pan, some form of our world being one of many is all over sci-fi and fantasy books, movies, TV shows, video games and comic books, so many movies, reference, some type of multiverse. Right, for the Matrix, just about every Marvel film.

To Finney's Inferred, the movie, just about every Marvel film, to finish and ferv the movie, across the second dimension, Star Trek, references multiverse all the time in their movies. Dr. Who and Stranger Things uses it as a very important feature to their plot lines. The TV show Lost was based around the idea of a multiverse, you know, even the horror adventure shows, like Buffy the Vampires, Slayer,

and the long running TV series, Supernatural use it often. Multiverse is all over cartoons like Futurama and Dragon Ball Z, central to the plot of the popular show Rick and Morty and to the new Netflix cartoon the midnight gospel based on the podcast, Drunken the Duncan Trussle experience, comic book characters like the Flash and Superman constantly use parallel universes to drive the story as do video games like Portal Minecraft Super Mario Brothers, a legend of Zelda the Elder Scrolls Half-Life and so many more And most of them just barely touch on it and they barely touch on it because as you see when you dig deep whoo

You need a lot of very a very specific kind of education to probably understand But you know they they they look into it because it's just interesting to think about how this actually could be true. It's very hard to comprehend, but very interesting just to think about. To think about some other version of you out there somewhere, maybe kicking so much fucking ass, making all the right decisions, or maybe that's you in this universe. That's probably more fun to think about.

Maybe you're living your best life, your best you is right here and now. Maybe things are about to go incredible, incredibly well for you and all those other use. You know, they can fantasize about being this you. I like that, I like that. I'm not, that's what I'm gonna think. You know, eat your heart out other Dan Cummins. Sorry, your reality isn't as good as this one.

All right, sure, I've made some poor choices, but damn, I wouldn't trade my life for any of yours other than commonses. The multiverse has been sucked as much as I can suck it. Jesus Christ. That shit, fucking blew my mind over and over again. I had the most moments, this in time travel, but this one was more. I tried to take a better attitude into this one. I feel like I did the best I could with the topic that I would have never picked on my own.

But again, glad, glad I, you know, added it for variety. I definitely did my best. I'm sure a lot of people who are very deep into subject are going to You know look at this one and be like wow no, they're gonna be angry, you know Maybe some leading physicists are like no, that's not correct. That's not actually how you say that you know correctly You know but also how so know that if those people Created podcasts fucking seven nerds would listen no one else would care which not trying to denigrate what they do It's very important what they do. It's very important what they do,

which is very hard for other people to understand. And I will say that's one thing. Like the one guy, you know, Hugh Everett, not being into his kids. I feel like that's a common problem of people. It's like a curse when people are so smart. Like I think about how we, with this audience, with the cold to the curious,

we get frustrated with the idiots of the internet. To somebody like you ever it 99.9999% of the world are edits of the internet. I get why they're eccentric as much as I can in that way where what a what a horrible way to go through life the burden those people bear that are able to think about things like this. The the level of frustration they must have with most of humanity, where they're just constantly in their head, they're like, nope.

Ah, wrong, no. Because they just have this special gift, and they have this brain that is, you know, so much further along. I think about like with athletes, you know, everyone's small, you have this athlete who just blows away their field. Like I think about like with athletes, you know, every once in a while, you have this athlete who just blows away that they're, they're feel like I think about like, okay, take like a serena Williams in tennis, right? It's fucking for years. Just dominated every, like, I'm

not even a big tennis fan, but I watched a little highlights of her matches with people and just feel sorry for the opponent. They were just getting, you know, another top ranked professional tennis player getting demoralized, just getting abused. You know, because, yeah, you know, it works really hard. It works really hard, but also just blessed with this unbelievable athletic talent. And then there's these people like the scientists we talked about today, just born with these unbelievable minds and then combine, combining that with years and years and years, thousands and thousands of hours of very specific scientific study. And then they try to have to explain the most unexplainable topics to the masses. Oh, I would not be fun.

That would not be a very tough task to do that. So, you know, for those of you who have that ability, thank you, and hope you're able to tolerate the rest of us somewhat. Oh, man, I'm gonna be thinking about this one randomly often on for a long while. Thank you to everybody who makes the show possible. Thank you to the all sign, all seen eyes of the cult for helping Liz Hernandez run the Cult of the Curious Facebook page. The private, you know, Cult of the Curious page, thank you Liz for being in charge of the both jangles, emails.

Thanks, beef steak for being so fun. And the time suck discord channel that you can access via the time suck app. Thanks to the time suck team. Big thank you to the time suck team. Queen of the suck, Lindsey Cummins, Reverend Dr. Paisy, the Biddelixer app designed through Logan and Keta Spicy Club running badmagicmarch.com and socials

and the S keeper, Zach Flannery. Well, without being able to lean on Zach, I don't even know how I would have gotten this topic done. Also, thank you to the many time suckers who send gifts into the suck dungeon every week. Really enjoyed the bourbon-based barbecue sauce sent in by Beard Barbecue, the veteran owned small-bats barbecue company ran by a time-sucker. Lindsay and I married and did some chicken in it, grilled at the other night, so tasty.

Next week, we're talking about something I understand. Not like from the inside, thank God. But I do like true crime. And next week, we're stuck in serial killing evil duo, Charles Eing and Leonard Lake. Started the research a week ago, man, I got pulled in. It's a dark insane story

about a doomsday prepper creating the hidden underground torture room where investigators think at least 25 people spent their final hours like Bob or Delo the Kansas City butch or Leonard Lake loved the collector. He loved the book that inspired the movie that Bob saw. He wanted sex slaves. He got them. He had a partner Charles in fellow Marine with a history of kleptomani and boy, these two. The two of them would torture a lot of people. They were certain the world was gonna end. They wanted to do a lot of evil shit before Armageddon struck.

And they did, they did a lot of terrible stuff in Northern California. And I don't understand for the life of me how these two aren't far more infamous than they are. These two make Ed Kemper almost seem like a decent dude. Back to true crime next week. It's been a nice escape from the real world for me lately. I hope it provides a nice bit of escapeism for you. Nice reminder of shit how it could be so much We'll get some good ones. We always get some good ones. Maybe especially good though today. First up, a commons law update from a kick ass sack, Jeff in San Antonio, Jeff writes,

hey Dan, well I had a back door instance of commons law the other day. I was cruising through Reddit, reading posts posts and generally trying to fight off COVID, COVID sanity. My nine year old daughter is of course home and working on schoolwork. She calls me over to look at something that we decided to print. Being a super helpful kid that she is, she walks over to wake up my computer and says, peanut butter, I'm like, oh shit. I had mindlessly stopped scrolling over a time-stuck post that was a cross post from the serial killer subreddit. She was very confused but suffered no lasting trauma.

I was about 10 seconds, or it was about 10 seconds and she only read the title and not the article. So shout out to Redditor, Time Sucker, you slash Baron Von Sleeps for invoking Cummins Laundour home. Strong work, Hale Lucifine and and Hail Nimrod, Hail Briscuit. Hail Briscuit, Jeff and San Antonio. PS Great Appearance on the Jason Ellis show yesterday, at least this time, you actually mentioned the name

of the podcast. The last appearance in LA, you talked all about it, but never once said the name. It plays on the Ellis Replay channel, every so often drives me nuts. Rehail Nimrod. Thanks Jeff. Glad your young daughter didn't actually find out the meaning of peanut butter.

Shobies. And that's cool that some peanut butter is getting smeared around on Reddit. I didn't even know about that. I didn't even know about that subreddit. Also, thanks about Jason Ellis. Yeah, zoom crash towards the end. And we had to cut it short a bit. But those guys are so fun to rip with me and we'll talk about anything.

Go anywhere. And now an excellent piece of strong disagreement Coming in from top shelf time sucker James Maddox who writes Dan. I believe I love this Dan. I believe you have a good heart and that you want to do good But mother fucking god fucking dammit you make it fucking hard to remain in space lizard sometimes My latest test was during the children of Thunder Suck, where you said you were debating joining the protests against social distancing guidelines. Admittedly, every time you treat the Trump cult with kid gloves, it makes me want to destroy things.

I get that you may have leanings that may align with some of the ideas of that group, but when it comes to ideas that are flat out idiotic, like those of the COVID protesters, it is so hard to believe that any secret of truth would give these attention secrets a shred of credibility. Are we damaged the economy? Yes, but we are not doing it on a fucking lark. At the time of this riding, nearly 60,000 deaths due to the virus, and that's with social distancing guidelines in effect. People are dying.

The medical field is risking their lives and their sanity, and these protesters are holding up signs about haircuts and screaming at medical personnel. It's sad, it's disappointing, it's uninformed, it's dangerous. Please don't give ignorance, an opportunity to take any stake in the conversation, especially when those stakes are so high. Normally, I would tamper down the need to send such a one-sided message, but we've been housing one of our best friends

who is a nurse in our hospital's COVID section. She is staying in our basement because it has independent access to fridge in a full bathroom. And also because she's quarantining herself to keep her wife and one year old son, safe from contracting the virus should something go wrong at work. Being so close to her loneliness during this time has made me less movable on the subject of downplaying this pandemic. I love what the TimesOptime aspires to do with this podcast. I think the message is great and the show is entertaining. You've delivered much needed information

and perspective so many times that I give back to the show with word of mouth recommendations and pitching in as a space lizard along with the occasional merch buy. Shout out to Spicey Club. That affection isn't changed by the moments that we disagree, but sometimes it puts my resolve through the fucking ringer. Love you all. Keep on sucking, James.

First off, James, I love how you do phrase this with love to show, and then, you know, in the strong disagreement, and I love your ability to disagree, but not leave the conversation. It's very admirable. It's very needed now. So that's first, second, huge thanks to the nurse,

staying with you right now, and shout out to all of the medical care professionals on the front lines, doing what they do, risking so much to keep us all safe right now. And third, allow me to explain where I was coming from. While a lot of the protesters I've seen needlessly, you know, bring guns to the protest

and hold signs that say dumb shit, like false flag operation, that's not given the protest a good look. I, yeah, I see that. I'm aware of that. But I also do think there is a validity to some of what they are, or what some of them are angry about. And let me explain this.

Initially, the shelter in place orders made sense to be put in place everywhere. I think air on the side of caution, I get that. Yes, it is something new. It's not just a flu. I get that. I talked about that in the pandemic episode. But after a month, you know, month and a half with a lot of new day to come in, it became clear that the virus was not as lethal as

some initially believed it to be. It was clear that the curve had flattened in many places. It became clear that hospitals in certain areas of the nation were not being close to overrun. I know they are or were in some places. I also know they were not in many places. Did New York City get hit very hard? Absolutely. Can a contagious disease spread a lot faster in New York City than say and shared in Wyoming? Yes. Very different way of urban living compared to a much more rural way of living.

And that is to me what some people were mad about. Cordillian Idaho is not got hit and hard by the virus. You know, not compared to like a place like New York City, but has been hit hard by shelter and place mandates as have a lot of other places. You know, and if people in a smaller, not hit hard area like or hit as hard, excuse me, a area like CDA want to risk their health by opening their businesses in a free country to save their economic future in an area with very few cases of the virus.

I think that there is an argument to their side there. It's, it's not just people mad that they can't get a haircut or a tuna melt at their local diner. It's also people losing their business or losing their job and worried that they might also then lose their home or lose the ability to send their kid to college, you know, and a lot of other horrible consequences. And I would think it was weird. If at some point people in those situations didn't push back and didn't protest, I hope that makes sense. I just try to do my best to see an argument from numerous sides. And I feel like we live right now

in a nation of extremes, you know, and I feel like that's an easy place to go mentally where you can go, you know, on one side and be like, this is all stupid in this instance and you know, this is fucking ridiculous and why are we doing any of this? And that's crazy and that's extreme. And you can also go to the other side

and be like, no, we should tell her in place for it until no one ever gets sick again. And that's insane. I try to look somewhere in the middle. I hope that makes sense. And I don't think that you're a side of insane. I think you had a lot of validity to what you're saying. More excellent disagreement.

I do love that. Coming in now from another super sucker, Donnie who rides high-dannn. First, I wanna say I've been a huge fan of your comedy for years. Didn't know you had a podcast until you were already a couple of years into it, found it, binge every episode in two weeks, holy shit.

Being a mailman, listening to podcasts is a huge part of my day. Even started one of my own out called adulting with Donnie, but you can leave that out. I'm not sure why I included it. You included it because it's your podcast. Yeah, included it. Let people know. That's a great name, Donnie. Uh, anyways, in the children of Thunder Colt, around 33 minutes in, you poke some fun at Preppers, talking about how they've wasted their time.

I disagree, sir. If you're looking strictly at the wacky doodles that were on the show, Doomsday Preppers, I see where you're misled, but a lot of people are into prepping and don't have a bunker. The current situation in this country is in is a great example of why prepping is important.

People who have prepared for years for the possibility that grocery store shelves could be empty for a month or two are now panicked by anything they can get their hands on. I know you've talked to me before about how you own guns or any of them considered self-defense guns, you know, like a semi-automatic handgun or modern sporting rifle. If so, you could be considered a prepper because you're being prepared to something happen. Yes. And yes, I have two semi-automatic handguns, and I do have, you know, some self-defense weapons that you can't be justified any other way.

I bought a Mossberg tactical pump-action 12 gauge to be totally honest, just because I think it looks fucking super cool compared to other guns I could have gotten. So, you know, in a way, I guess, yeah, I'm a prepper. I could keep going on with the examples of why preppers aren't wacky-doodles, but I think you get the point. Thanks for the amazing educational content every week. I was a space, it's for a while, but due to some financial issues, needed to cut money here and there. Hopefully, I will again one day.

Oh, yeah, thank you for that, Donnie. Take care. Stay safe. Hail, Lucifer, and keep on sucking. Well, thank you, Donnie. And yeah, you bring up a good point. When I say prepper, I'm referring to people, like the people on the TV show you mentioned, which is a very entertaining show. I'm referring to people, like the people on the TV show you mentioned, which is a very entertaining show.

People having their kids, you know, run drills to get to their underground steel bunker, you know, time for the bomb sit every week or after the bomb sit, people who have a mood they're family out to the middle of nowhere specifically because they truly believe the end times are almost upon us and they are actively preparing for the apocalypse. It is the focal point of their life, this preparation. That to me is fucking crazy. People who have a big pantry full of lots of essential just in case shit gets weird for a bit,

having some loose plan, that to me just being a good planner. So I guess in that sense, I'm the same kind of preparer as you. We have a lot of stuff in the garage. We have a lot of stuff in the freezer and we weren't panicked when things ran out of the store shelves. Now, thank you for sending that in. Very intense Bob Burdela update coming in from one of his victims relatives. Awesome meat sack ash rights.

Hey there. I'm a long time list turn. Love your podcast. This week's episode was a rough one for me. You know, referring to obviously the Bapardella podcast. On the niece of Todd Stoops, he was my mother's baby brother, and although I was born after he was murdered, I have come to learn Todd was funny,

beautiful and strong willed. I have come to learn that he struggled with addiction, and one thing I have to clear up is that my uncle was not a prostitute. Not that there was anything wrong with that, but I have to get it off my chest. The Todd came to know that evil motherfucker when he was court ordered to see him for addiction counseling.

You read that right. Somehow that motherfucker was put on the list of approved counselors with no education, addiction of his own, and he was an active drug dealer. Uncle Todd was literally court ordered into the arms of a serial murderer. Crazy enough, my other uncle was a homicide detective on the case, from my dad's side. After the murders were uncovered, there was a court reporter that suggested he had more victims, because she connected the dots on how Uncle Todd met him. She happened to be in court when he was sentenced to those counseling sessions. She tried to get them to look into every male that was sentenced to sessions with this asshole and was railroaded.

Back then, it was easier due to homophobia to just button up this stain on our city and not dig deeper. I've talked to my family about it and we are having open dialogues for the first time in a long time. My entire life, this has been like a dark family secret. Like this piece of shit is fucking Voldemort.

He who's not be named and makes so much more sense about a lot of things. Like how my mother develops such a debilitating drug habit. She kicked him out of her house He who's not be named and makes so much more sense about a lot of things. Like how my mother develops such a debilitating drug habit, she kicked him out of her house before he went missing. A fight was the last you heard of him. After listening, I did some digging and I have to say I was not prepared for what I found in those Polaroids. My brother is a dead ringer for Uncle Todd.

And what I saw in those images was like watching him go through it. I think the mystery surrounding this case is what got me so interested in true crime to begin with because for me and my family, this isn't something we view as a horror story. This isn't a hypothetical. This is a real person, did these things to real people and our family has become hyper aware of the evil this world has to offer. I've wanted to suck on this for a while and as rough as it was, I'm glad I listened, Sarv's email is all over the place. My brain is mashed potatoes this point, but I really

do appreciate you and the team. I want to have one hell of a time sucker update for you. You can find it below. Thanks for what you do and satisfying all of our fucked up interests ash. Well, thank you ash. That is intense. I can only imagine how rough that topic was for you. And thank you for the link about your grandma, suing Bob Badella for $5 billion in winning. And yeah, we all know that she didn't get that amount, but she did it. So she could collect the $50,000 she had on a trust.

I hope she got that money. Interesting that he may have had many more victims as well, such an evil piece of shit. Yeah, these people are real, too real. Their birthday causes real. You know, they're worse than just about any horror movie monster. So, Hale and them are on Ask. Thank you for sending that in again.

Another inside scoop, Bob or Dela update coming in from another awesome longtime sucker, Deanna or Deanna Moreno, whose art professor at the University of Delaware was an ex-classmate of Bob's in Kansas City. Deanna and I were working on a project a while back for time stock and she texted me about this. She first gives us some information here to understand the update, writing about an art project of Bob's way back when he's at the Kansas City Art Institute.

She says that to understand this art project you put on, you have to understand casting. Casting is a process where a flammable object is packed tightly buried in sand. molten metal is poured over it. The metal's heat burns away the organic matter of the object. And when it cools, creates a metal cast in the exact shape of the void left in the sand. Bob did this with live chickens. Then Jesus, you know, said that everyone at school, you know, her professor told her greatly disliked Bob. Her professor joked about another art student at school, murdering someone around that

time, but I couldn't find any details on it. Then she said, bizarre, bizarre. David said, he and his now wife, her professor, went to the store once and talked with Bob about the fake heads. He kept on a shelf. Fake is in quotes. He said, everything was super expensive and creepy, so they only bought an ink print,

and later after his arrest, the art community found out that some of the heads, bones and personal items of the victims may have been on sale at the Bob's Bazaar. Yic! Yeah, that dude was one cruel piece of shit. I would have loved the end of his story to be one of his victims tying him up

and doing the same pain experiments on him, putting some bleach in his eyes, shocking his balls, seeing what they could shove up his ass. He was so unbelievably sadistic. Now for a very sad and serious update from top shelf, sack one Garcia, one rights. Hello Dan, the man, bring her both jangles. I had recently lost my younger brother Easter Sunday morning to the COVID-19 virus. It was 25 years old when he passed. What a sweet young boy he was, we miss him so much. I was wondering if you would be able to do a shout out for my brother,

Moises Garcia. Absolutely, man. Definitely shout out for Moises Garcia. I'm a member of the Cult of the Curious on Facebook and they have shown me nothing but love since I posted about him on there. So many people make me feel loved and not so alone since he passed. I haven't been myself, but thanks to you, I found my smile again in a time when I'm hurting the most. Your podcast cheered me up even though I still have tears

in my eyes, you can make me smile through it all with your comedy and your podcasts. And I want to take some time to say thank you for that. Nothing else. I've tried to cheer me up or maybe smile since my brother's passing. I know it's a long message, but I need to let you know. And just simply say thank you from the bottom of my heart and for helping me smile through it all. One and damn one.

So sorry. Know that when I talk about protests, economic cost of the virus, I'm not blind to the pain it brings so many and to the cost, you know, so many endure because of this. All the deaths attributed to it are certainly very real. And I'm so sorry, I took someone so close to you and somebody so young, life's certainly not fair. You and your family were dealt a heavy, heavy hand. I hope you have so many good times to remember voices by,

and he lives on to your memories, and the memories of others who loved him, the amount of pain you're feeling speaks to how special he truly was. A glad you're finding support, glad you're finding humor here. Big thank you to all the time suckers and spaces who show so much love to the community

in the Cult of the Curious Facebook group and elsewhere on Discord. You do more good than maybe you know, hail Nimrod and condolences again, one. And sorry, brother. Now let's end on a bit of humor with Kevin Deegan, another victim of comments law. This one really cracked me up. We end with a little bit of levity. Kevin writes, hey, Dan, my name is Kevin Deegan and thank you for the pronunciation guide.

By the way, Kevin, not on Kevin. For those of you who think I'm that stupid. I'm done, but I'm not quite that dumb when it comes to pronouncing words. I had trouble digging because it's spelled D-E-G-N. And so he gave me a little phonetic reference. But anyway, hey Dan, my name's Kevin Deegan. I literally just got comments loud,

so hard at the grocery store. I'm shopping for corn for a barbecue, listen to the sex suck. I didn't notice anyone near me when all of a sudden you say seems like a lot more women are getting their pussy slicked. And then I noticed this very nice looking lady grabbing for an ear of corn that I see here looking mortified as I try to silence my phone.

She, oh wait, then I'm looking mortified trying to silence my phone. She being a polite person just gave me the most awkward smile I've ever seen. And then I scuttled away trying to stifle my laughter and immediately had to send this to you. So thanks, uh, Suck Master General Hill, Saphina Kevin. You can't listen to this shit on the speaker phone. Not a story of maniac. I wonder how many people she told about that.

Maybe hearing it, you know, made her happy. Maybe she was sad. You know, you ever think about that? Maybe who knows? Maybe at least in, you know, one of the parallel universes where that happened. She was sad thinking about how, you know, not enough people were looking for these anymore.

And then she heard that and, you know, made her day. She's like, oh, okay, I guess more pleasier getting like after all, maybe it was hope for me. I doubt it, but maybe Hail Lucifer Fina and thank you for sending that in and thanks for being awesome, everybody. Thanks, time suckers. I need a net. We all did. That's all for this week on Time Suck. New scared to death drops tomorrow night. Secret suck on Thursday, my new special. It's out all over the place.

Amazon Prime, you can watch it there and other places. You can listen on iTunes, Spotify, and Pandora, and more. Get out of here, devil. It's out there. Don't get into any nerd soil, sword, Jesus Christ. Don't get into, I can't even talk. My mouth is stopped working about 30 minutes ago. Don't get into any nerd sword duels. Maybe if I talk like that all the time, I could say all of the words, the way that I want

to. Try not to have an aneurysm thinking about the multiverse. And if you do make it into a parallel universe, please let us know how it's going. And you know, keep on sucking. Mother, I love you very much. Look what I put on a stick. Some fruit! you