Tosh Show - My Alien Hunting Astrophysicist - Dr Shelley Wright

Episode Date: August 5, 2025

Daniel makes first contact with Dr Shelley Wright to discuss her work teaching astrophysics, building telescopes, and searching for extraterrestrial intelligence.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

This is an iHeart Podcast. I'm Bob Crawford, host of American History Hotline, a different type of podcast. You, the listener, ask the questions. Did George Washington really cut down a cherry tree? Were JFK and Marilyn Monroe having an affair? And I find the answers. I'm so glad you asked me this question. This is such a ridiculous story. You can listen to American History Hotline on the iHeartRadio app, Apple podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts. So what happened at Chappaquiddick?

Well, it really depends on who you talk to. There are many versions of what happened in 1969 when a young Ted Kennedy drove a car into a pond. And left a woman behind to drown. Chappaquiddick is a story of a tragic death and how the Kennedy machine took control. Every week, we go behind the headlines and beyond the drama of America's royal family.

Listen to United States of Kennedy on the iHeartRadio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts. I'm Jeff Perlman. And I'm Rick Jervis. We're journalists and hosts of the podcast, Finding Sexy Sweat. At an internship in 1993, we roomed with Reggie Payne, aspiring reporter and rapper who went by Sexy Sweat.

A couple of years ago, we set out to find him. But in 2020, Reggie fell into a coma after police pinned him down and he never woke up. But then I see my son's not moving. So we started digging and uncovered city officials bent on protecting their own. Listen to Finding Sexy Sweat on the iHeartRadio app, Apple Podcasts or wherever you get your podcasts. forced you to choose between a maximum security prison or the most brutal boot camp designed to be hell on earth. Unfortunately for Mark Lombardo,

this was the choice he faced. He said, you are a number, a New York state number and we own you. Listen to Shock Incarceration on the iHeartRadio app, Apple podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts. Do you believe there are things that the United States government isn't telling us about possible alien life forms?

Um. You have a bad poker face. Tosh show. Tosh show. Tosh show, Tosh Show! Tosh Show! Tosh Show! Tosh Show! Tosh Show! Tosh Show! All right! Welcome to Tosh Show!

This is our 100th episode! Is that true or no? No. What are we at? What number are we at? This is actually... This is ballpark it. Ballpark it?

It's ballpark, yeah. 89! Ha ha ha ha! 20 past 69. Oh, if I can eat in a snowman's asshole. That's what that is. Ugh, man, good stuff. How you doing, Eddie? I'm doing good, how are you doing, buddy?

I'm well, I'm doing great. I'll tell you why I'm doing great. Our friend of the show, Dr. Jocelyn, my wife's best friend, just had her baby, healthy baby girl. All right. 14 pounds, six ounces, large baby. That's a big girl.

Big girl. Hopefully that, hopefully she loses some of that. Yeah, a little baby. That'll be a rough, rough go if she's just always in the 100th percentile of weight. No, so she has a healthy baby girl and things have just been going well and she was stressed out, you know, right? She's like I she's so good at taking care of other people's babies that are born premature that She almost doesn't feel worthy of having

Such a healthy baby girl and sure shit shit she had a beautiful baby girl and they named her I don't think she probably wouldn't mind me saying this on Daniel. Danielle I believe they're calling her. Named her after me that was nice. Danielle Dwight. Beautiful beautiful baby girl named Danielle Dwight. 14 pounds 6 ounces and, of course, because she's a good friend, she's like, oh, I feel guilty, I'm not there. And she's like, should I go there? I'm like, yes, you should go there.

She's like, oh, I don't know. So I forced my wife to leave last night. She took a red eye to Charlotte, North Carolina. Got her direct flight, left at 945 on American Airlines. There's three red eyes direct to Charlotte, North Carolina on American Airlines from LAX every night. Now, go ahead. Explain that to me.

Unexplainable. What? Who in the f- Why are so many fucking people going to Charlotte, North Carolina every single day on a red eye? That just means there's hundreds of people every day going to Charlotte, North Carolina every single day on a red eye. That just means there's hundreds of people every day are just walking around Charlotte,

just real sleep deprived. Hornets, man. Yeah. All for a Hornets game? Yeah, yeah. Huh, all for the Panthers, you say. Yes. You ever been to a Panthers game?

Maybe the worst franchise to go to ever They just play this weird Panther roar after any play that was remotely Like oh, they only gained seven yards on this first down We picked up six yards on a screen Awful, what was I saw? I was about John. She also Awful. What was I talking about? I was talking about a child. She also immediately called to ask if I was gonna be the godfather. Now I'm the godfather to her first child and now she's wanting me to be the godfather to her second child. And I'm like, I don't know. I don't know. I feel like that makes sense. You don't want two godfathers.

Oh, okay. So I have to do it. I have to do both of them? Yeah. Divided family. So you have to become Catholic. Oh, do I? I don't know if I'm their godfather. She hasn't actually officially asked. I read into things I know she wants me to take the kids if her and her partner die Okay, man, that seems more important than the godfather thing. Yeah. Well, hey, how'd your wife's read? I go Oh, okay. So my wife I get on a direct flight first class guys. Hello Uh-huh. Hey, I don't know if it's lay flat. I didn't check but it's 945

Anyway, we start getting the notifications as she's driving To the airport that the flight is gonna be delayed and then about one in the morning That's when I turned my phone off. I couldn't. Hadn't taken off. Well, I typed stop. So I... Stopped the text? Not to my wife. The updates, yeah.

Right, for the updates. I didn't want any more notifications. I didn't care that it was delayed anymore. I was like, she left me with the kids. So it's like, listen, I got my own battles ahead of me. I loved it. Text her stop. No, I didn't text her stop. I told her, she told her go. I love to text her stop.

No, I didn't text her stop. I told her, she told her go. You'll get on a plane eventually. Anyway, she got there. So I got the kids and I've got my in-laws. And you're like, oh, the in-laws, well that makes your wife's gone. That's not so hard.

I disagree. When it's just me and the kids, just clear sailing, easy as can be. But when I've it's just me and the kids just clear sailing Easy as can be but when I've got the in-laws, I'm just it's just different versions of Taking care of people for kids I have to I have to I have to make sure that they eat because if I don't they'll just they'll just sit around the house And just stare at the phones so I got to get them to go do stuff. I'm just coming up with activities What are you doing with them tomorrow? to stare at the phones. So I gotta get them to go do stuff. I'm just coming up with activities. What are you doing with them?

Tomorrow, I'm taking the crew to the BMX park and then we're gonna sit at a little small airport that has a little restaurant and watch planes take off and get milkshakes. And everybody couldn't be more excited about this. And speaking of dates, Amanda, my wife's cousin that we're trying to get hitched to an available man. I was gonna set her up. We're gonna come up with a reality show

or we're gonna do it on this show where we find potential suitors, fans of the shows that want to go through me and eventually become a family member. Now she went on a date that wasn't sanctioned by me the other day. And the person that set it up was a friend of ours that we can all, we all know where they stand politically. So I'm like, oh, I go, you're going out with a MAGA guy. And she's like, no, not at all. Anyway, she goes out with this guy. I go, is he short?

They said he's average. I'm like, that's what short people say. That, that are trying to be like, oh no, five eight is the average height. It's like, whoa. Average to me is six feet. Six feet is an average height. Now, if you're seven feet, oh my goodness, you're tall.

Yes. That's a tall person. Tall person. There are seven foot people, okay? So they get tall. Six feet gets average. And then any one under six feet, dwarfisms. Right.

It's different levels of dwarfisms. You're on the spectrum of dwarfisms. Calcium deprived cities. Right, you didn't drink enough milk. And that's fine. In some cultures, it's an honor to be that small It's useful Anyway, so she goes out this little fella

She's five eight. All right And apparently they hit it off and they were having some banter and then they kissed and I'm like Oh, so the next day I start messing with her like you know he's a Trumper and then she she text a few things and he's like he wrote back something about like I I really like the way he's shaken up the system and then she was like oh no and she wrote back I think he's like an awful person and then he wrote back I don't want to I'm not looking for anything serious and that was the end she never texted again at that point

Wow no but as soon as I was like don't don't write it if you if you actually like the person don't ask because yeah you're gonna be real disappointed he was loaded he was rich okay that's the upside makes him taller. That's right Maybe if he stands on his money He could kiss her without having to be on his tiptoes. I Mean I could have told her that that date wasn't gonna work before she went on it But whatever is she got this she she dusted the cooch off good for her wasn't in the stars Now today's guest knows something about stars enjoy Wasn't in the stars. Now today's guest knows something about stars. Enjoy.

American history is full of wise people. Well, women said something like, you know, 99.99% of war is diarrhea and 1% is glory. Those founding fathers were gossipy AF and they loved to cut each other down. I'm Bob Crawford, host of American History Hotline, the show where you send us your questions about American history and I find the answers, including the nuggets of wisdom our history has to offer.

Hamilton pauses and then he says, the greatest man that ever lived was Julius Caesar. And Jefferson writes in his diary, this proves that Hamilton is for a dictator based on corruption. My favorite line was what Neil Armstrong said, it would have been harder to fake it than to do it. Listen to American History Hotline on the iHeartRadio app, Apple podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts.

What would you do if one bad decision forced you to choose between a maximum security prison or the most brutal boot camp designed to be hell on earth? Unfortunately for Mark Lombardo, this was the choice he faced. He said, you are a number, a New York State number, and we own you. Shock Incarceration, also known as boot camps, are short-term, highly regimented correctional programs that mimic military basic training. These programs aim to provide a shock of prison life, emphasizing strict discipline, physical training, hard labor, and rehabilitation programs. Mark had one chance to complete this program and had no idea of the hell awaiting him the next six months. The first night was so overwhelming,

and you don't know who's next to you. And we didn't know what to expect in the morning. Nobody tells you anything. Listen to Shock Incarceration on the iHeartRadio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts. The summer of 1993 was one of the best of my life. I'm journalist Jeff Perlman, and this is Rick Jervis. We were interns at the Nashville Tennessean, but the most unforgettable part, our roommate, Reggie Payne,

from Oakley, sports editor and aspiring rapper. And his stage name, Sexy Sweat. In 2020, I had a simple idea. Let's find Reggie. We searched everywhere, but Reggie was gone. In February 2020, Reggie was having a diabetic episode. His mom called 911. Police cuffed him face down.

He slipped into a coma and died. I'm like thanking you, but then I see my son's not moving. No headlines, no outrage, just silence. So we started digging and uncovered city officials bent on protecting their own. Listen to Finding Sexy Sweat on the iHeart Radio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts. A foot washed up, a shoe with some bones in it. They had no idea who it was. Most everything was burned up pretty good from the fire that not a whole lot was salvageable. These are the coldest of cold cases, but everything is about to change.

Every case that is a cold case that has DNA right now in a backlog will be identified in our lifetime. A small lab in Texas is cracking the code on DNA. Using new scientific tools, they're finding clues and evidence so tiny you might just miss it. He never thought he was going to get caught. And I just looked at my computer screen. I was just like, ah, gotcha.

On America's Crime Lab, we'll learn about victims and survivors, and you'll meet the team behind the scenes at Authram, the Houston lab that takes on the most hopeless cases to finally solve the unsolvable. Listen to America's Crime Lab on the iHeart radio app, Apple podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts.

I will not be asking today's guest to dumb her responses for my audience, but don't be surprised if I spend a good chunk of the interview blankly smiling and nodding. She has spent over 20 years and millions of dollars staring into space, hoping to find civilization on another planet, and at the time of this recording has found nothing. Please welcome observational and experimental astrophysicist Dr. Shelley Wright. Thank you for joining us today on the Flat Earth News Network. I'm delighted to be here. You ever meet any flat earthers?

I have not. Oh, really? OK, you don't hang out with idiots. Yeah. Ah. Well, you know, we could just go on a sailboat and fix that pretty quickly. But my son asked me, oh, man, I needed you recently. He did just, he is six, asked me about the Earth.

He goes, the Earth is round. How come the water, how does the water stay? And I just kept going, what gravity? And I still wasn't completely confident at things I was saying of why. I'm like, it curves, it's curving, but it, how do you answer that one for me? Well, just like the air stays, right? So every location, it's just going to push down like a blanket everywhere across it. So doesn't matter if I'm here or there, it's going gonna push down like a blanket everywhere across it. So doesn't matter if I'm here or there. It's gonna push down

Okay, but here's what it is water In just a small bowl. Is it technically curving? Goodness, technically ma'am. We're already gonna get to some like infinity level discussion. Oh goodness Yes, yes. Yes, but I nothing to where we could measure it. Well, of course I know you can't go in and going and going and going I have nothing to where we could measure it. Well, of course. I know you can't. Just keep going and going and going and going. I just want to know.

All right, first question. I haven't even started. Do you believe in ghosts? No. Second question, what sign are you? Ooh, Scorpio. You grew up in Hawaii? I did.

Were you born there? I was. I was born in Honolulu. Michelle Wee was offended when I said Oahu is the worst of the Hawaiian islands. Do you agree or disagree? Disagree. What's your favorite island?

Big Island. I agree. But Oahu's got great things. I agree that. Great surf. Uh huh. Good scuba diving. Sure.

Good hikes. Uh huh. It's got little pockets of everything. But is it the best island? No. No. Yeah. Well, that's where.

Can you speak pidgin? Uh, I Probably do on occasion. I don't know. I grew up there and I've been told that I don't quite speak English As a kid were you always interested in aliens always interested in astronomy and yeah, probably aliens Yeah, where did you go to college? You see Santa Cruz you have a PhD in horoscopes And a minor in Scientology. Yes, what are your thoughts on Scientology? I mean it seems in theory that would have been right up your alley really why Don't they believe that we are they I

Alien major alien Xenu or I yeah, I mean, it's all alien based, right? I didn't get that in my schooling. Oh no. No. You also lived in Haiti for a while, yes? I did. Your mother was working? She did reform work in Port-au-Prince, Haiti and all through the country

and I went through part of my high school there. Did you enjoy that? Yes and no. Yeah, it was hard times actually. I mean, I can imagine. It was formative, but... Uh-huh. Yeah.

Were you the whitest person in both Hawaii and Haiti? That pretty much sums it up. Yeah. You met your wife in your astrophysics PhD program. Would you say it was love at first contact? No. These are the end of my joke question. No, I hate that answer, but no. program, would you say it was love at first contact? No. These are the end of my joke question.

I hate that answer, but no. Do you work with your wife ever? Sometimes we talk about work, but we don't we stay on different projects. But do you work in the same? We're in the same building, different floors. We ask for different floors. Do you work at the same time?

We used to, but then you have like two kids and a dog, and then you want to commute, but you don't because someone's got to pick up the kids here and there. Uh-huh. Yeah. Oh, what a constant juggle is what that seems like. Who's the better astrophysicist? Do you guys have that fight all the time?

She is. Who's working on the better projects? Probably she is, yeah. Do you guys get competitive over what you're working on? Everyone asks this question and we've never, I don't think so. Okay. I don't know. Yeah. And then of course people think we come home and all we do is talk about astronomy, but we don't talk about astronomy that much. Let's dive right into your dissertation, which was about the development and use of adaptive optics instrumentation to explore high redshift

star forming galaxies. No, I'm kidding. I have no idea what any of that is. Oh man. That is impressive. No, no question there in that? No, I get, well, I mean I just go to my questions. Have you ever shit your pants as an adult? No, no answer. Good. Oh! Before we talk about aliens, explain to me how insignificant human life is compared to the scale of the universe. Mm, the classic, like, there's more grains of, you know, more earths in the universe than there are grains of sand,

and you as a surfer knows there's a lot of sand out there. So, you know, there's 100 billion galaxies in the observable universe and every galaxy has like billions of stars. What chapter in Genesis is that? Do you believe in aliens? Yes. Is there intelligent life out there? Likely. It's a big universe. Are we intelligent? I always say this in class, right? I mean I think there's an argument either way. I think we are. I mean, despite my disdain for so many of them.

Earth is just one of many worlds, even in our own galaxy. Oh, man. But I have to ask, do you believe in aliens? I don't. No, no, no, no. Sorry, I jumped the gun there. Do I believe? Sure. I mean,. No, no, no, no. Sorry, I jumped the gun there. Do I believe, sure.

I mean, I can wrap my head around anything like that. Okay. I mean, yeah, I have no issue with there being, I like, whatchamacallit. Have you ever been asked about alien ghosts? Uh-uh. You know, I was thinking about this question of like, do you believe in ghosts?

But if you do believe in ghosts, and then you believe in aliens, or they're just, the whole cosmos filled with alien ghosts? No, aliens can't have ghosts. They got no souls. Aliens. Okay, sorry to. Aliens don't have souls.

No. What about alien abductions? Alien abductions, where you at? No. Oh. Give me your day to day on a normal work day. Dog wakes me up 5 45. Oh, it's too early.

Boop, boop, boop, boop, boop, boop. Go downstairs, pop the golden retriever in the car, drive out, go to a dog park, let it run around for an hour, kind of just, you know, chit chat with the other dog park people. But then I go to work and I go to a lab. And then I build things in the lab.

So I work with engineers. We try to build cameras and spectrographs and things that go on telescopes. I like to build telescopes. And then I go teach. You know, you're at a research university, you're doing research and then we go off and I really do enjoy teaching.

But that's like only a small part of my job. How large are your classes? If they're freshmen, non-majors? They can be a few hundred like intro to astronomy You know I have a class full now of like 18 and 19 year olds and what's fascinating right now is like for a professor is how to Deal with AI Right you put something out and everything's like chat cheap ET

And is that is everybody just everybody everybody stealing and cheating everybody's using it And so now it's like the workaround as a professor You more in class quizzes and finals, but you I think like, you know There's some older professors are like we can't do this We have to stop this but I think we just know that they're using it and then have to teach them how to use it In an intelligent way where they're still learning. I don't know, we're still figuring it out. In room, one-on-one verbal tests. Oh gosh. Your nightmare.

Are kids horrible? Are you still encouraged by, you know, every year, you're like, oh this is- A little bit of both. Yeah. Yeah, they're good kids. What's the ratio, girl-guy ratio? It's probably about 30% women. Okay.

Like physics and engineering, you know, dwindles. Biology can be 50-50, but when you go into physics and engineering, the number of women drop. What about when you and your wife were in school? Ooh, I think that was probably about 20% or 25%. Yeah, when I was a physics major at UC Santa Cruz, I think it was like 15%.

So it's climbing. In addition to teaching at UCSD, SETI research is your focus. Can you discuss what SETI is or is it top secret? I can discuss it. It's the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence. Actually, you know, SETI is looking for aliens that are communicating with us. Okay. Right? And then we're trying to like look for ways and detect ways that they could be

communicating across interstellar distances. SETI was founded by Frank Drake. His Drake equation is considered the second most famous equation in science after E equals MC squared. What is it and why have I never heard of it? It's the number of civilizations that are communicating with us right now. We know that one exists in the Milky Way, that's us. Is there a second one, a third one, thousands of them? It's all about do they coexist at the exact same time. And if you look at the Drake equations, it's got a bunch of little probabilities like the number of habitable

worlds, the number of those habitable worlds that have life, the number of those that have intelligent life, the number of those that are communicating. And then the most important factor is called L, which is the lifetime of a civilization. And how long is a civilization good for? Because I feel like I'm just right on the cusp of the end of it. Is that not the case? Right? No, this is big. So let's say you detect two, you detect a second one. The probability that they've lasted hundreds of thousands of years or millions of years is huge

because you've coexisted in our hundred years with them. And that's profound because that means that what they can do is for survive themselves, survive nature, survive asteroids or whatever, and that should give us hope. But if the answer is there's no one coexisting with us, then there's likely what's called a great filter, something that's going to filter us out. Right? And that's what you're alluding to. Well, I just got sad about the great filter.

And to answer, SETI, that's the the Drake equation you have to know how many communicating civilizations are existing with us right now in our galaxy and to do that you got to do a whole bunch of probabilities. Right so that I can I mean when I say I can wrap my head around it today please bear with me but so you're saying we've only actually been able to communicate or try to communicate for the past 100 years? I don't know, right? And so the odds that some other life form is in that exact same window of our 100 is absurd

or maybe it's not. No, you've like hit the nail on the head. That's the issue with the entire Drake equation or the issue of whether we can talk to it or have a pen pal right now because cosmic time is billions of years. And then we're like a little sliver of a hundred years. And so we have to be at the exact same time coexisting in probably a similar part of the

galaxy. And so are they there? It depends on is habitable worlds common? Does evolution just a natural part of nature? And then, you know, do they make technology to communicate like we do? This is why I've never, I don't give a shit about Tom Brady.

Okay? Are you? Yeah, yeah. To call him the goat, the greatest of all time. I mean, in a sport that's only been played for however long in a blip time of civilization You really who can't I would love for us to finally? You know reach another civilization and then go and this is Tom Brady He's the greatest of all time and they're like, okay at what? I just it wouldn't be that impressive my point. My point is, quit being so cocky.

I'm just curious, like how often are you guys getting signals that you think could be aliens? Dylan wants to know how often you're getting signals that could be something else. We try to set like how well we can detect something just at that threshold. And so, you know, we're can detect something just at that threshold. And so, you know, we're looking at large patches of the sky. This is both at radio wavelengths or visible light-light wavelengths.

We run study experiments like this. So I would say we get little candidates, you know, a couple times a month. And then the job is to figure out what is that noise, essentially, and chase that down and understand it. Because you want to operate just at the cusp, right? Is it ever anything interesting? No, sometimes maybe an astrophysical source,

that becomes interesting. One of the reasons why I like SETI research is that we think about how to take pictures of the night sky in a completely different way, right? We're not trying to detect stars or galaxies like traditional astronomy, we're trying to detect interstellar communication. So we have to kind of tweak our instruments slightly different.

And I think the opportunity is actually most likely you're going to discover something new about nature. And so I get excited about the astrophysical discoveries as well. Is there a big telescope that you're working on right now that will do something different? Okay. So in the SETI realm, we're trying to build new SETI telescopes here close to Palomar Observatory. It's like probably a two and a half hour drive, of course no traffic.

And we're trying to build up these new telescopes that are able to take a picture of the entire sky all of the time at one one billionth of a second. So we're taking really, really, really fast frames to look for something unique in the sky. And who's gonna sift through all this? Students and data and computers. I mean, okay. Yeah, so we're doing that and that's exciting. That's what I'll be doing this summer.

What's the risk that whoever receives our messages aren't going to come and destroy us? I guess there's always risk for that, right? How far away are they? Mm-hmm. Do they have light travel? Can they go faster? Do they have warp drive?

These are all great questions. I don't know. The dist, yeah, what are we? You, true or false? You think Star Trek is amazing and Star Wars is horrible? False. Oh. I like both.

Is that, is that? Do you like them the same. Oh. I like both. Do you like them the same? No. You like Star Trek better, right? Yeah. Okay, well I always trust people that say they like Star Trek better more. I don't know why. I'm always like, I don't care.

It's such a positive thing, right? They get to like cruise around and we're all like United Federation of Earth. There's a beauty on that. Wait, wait. Didn't you teach a class using a lot of sci-fi movies and stuff? I just started a class called Astronomy and Science Fiction.

And so the idea is- Well, you just made up a class? Yeah, we like put in a proposal to make a brand new class. What I realized is that all the students' attention spans last for a minute or two. So I was like, what if we just use media? So in my lectures, I would like lecture five or six slides and then show them like a two minute film clip

that mimics what I'm trying to teach. And that worked. They were like, okay. They seemed into it, but yeah. And then, no, they had to critique it. So we had to watch like, you know, like the Martian. Did you see the Martian? Did I?

Or Interstellar. Did you see Interstellar? Don't even get me started. Okay. Yes, I've seen Interstellar. It makes see Interstellar? Oh, don't even get me started. Okay. Yes, I've seen Interstellar. It makes me so mad. Good, right? The movie infuriates me.

All right, I want to know why because... You know why. Like, I... there are questions I ask the students. I said, why would they land on a planet that's right next to a black hole, and why didn't they think there would be massive tides? Right? I mean, that was your problem with the movie.

Mine was, mine was dad in the bookshelf. Oh, okay. I mean, the nonsense of the, the final third of the movie, I just was getting so mad that I was, cause I thought the first half or the first two thirds was so interesting. I was because I thought the first half or the first two-thirds was so interesting I was at least I was compelled and then it just goes to Bonkersville

Can I floats around bookshelves to I don't care about any of that stuff. It was just so silly Oh, yeah to communicate with Murph. Why do you remember their names? Do you have some kind of crazy? How do you remember Murph? I don't remember anybody's names in a movie. The only dip was talk about poor Murph the whole time She didn't say his son's name. Oh goodness. I don't know. What was the son's name? Exactly. No one does. Okay. When you finished that movie,

I just wanted to know if like you and your wife like looked at each other and high-fived at the end of it. Like that was amazing. They got it right finally. Or like I was just fuming going, I don't understand anything. There's some, there's some, you know, good, they took hard science, right?

And then applied it, you know, in very Hollywood way. So it's a great, it's a great film clip to talk about. They talk about time dilation. Biggest problem with time, you know, interstellar travel, right? You leave the earth, hundreds years passed, and you're like, you know, two years older travel, right? You leave the earth, hundreds years passed, and you're like, you know, two years older. Did you see the new Buzz Lightyear?

No, do they have time dilation? It's sad though, but my son and I like watching it together. But you know, there's, because he keeps coming back, trying to figure something out, and everybody is getting older and older, and then eventually people are dead. Oh, I should have used that. What are your favorite sci-fi movies?

I feel like I should have an answer to this. It doesn't matter if you don't. What ones don't infuriate you? I really do enjoy a lot of the Star Trek. I think they take a lot of the creative and imagination and then kind of push it forward in a more utopic way, I would say. Like how could you use technology,

like make the warp drive in these things. I've always enjoyed science fiction from Star Trek. What about new movies? I enjoyed The Martian. All right. That was a good one. Why haven't I watched The Martian? You pooped.

Matt Damon. What? Makes potatoes out of his poop. I had so many essays about potatoes and poop from that movie. That seems unnecessary. Do you believe there are things that the United States government isn't telling us about possible alien life forms? You have a bad poker face.

No. Oh, how dare you. But I'm sure there's interesting things in the sky. How many confidentiality agreements have you signed throughout your career? Zero? Okay. I don't know. I don't know unless you're a pro here and you just lied about that. What's the deal with all these declassified Pentagon alien docs? Is it possible that there's a cover-up? Potentially, but I don't think for the reasons that people suspect. What do you think it might be the reason? There's just so many things in the night sky.

Like people say, UFOs on a dynamic flying objects. But is it adversarial? Is it our own technology? When you go back and look at classified materials from the 50s and the 60s and the 70s even, those were, we're detecting ourselves essentially. There's like 10,000 balloons launched every single day, like industry balloons, commercial balloons,

your kids' balloons, right? I'm a big believer on not letting our balloons go into the air. I talk to my kids about it. I make them panic about it. We can't let any balloons, we'll kill everything. But there's just a lot of things up there. So I think things stay classified.

Okay. Yeah. All right. My wife, I just want you to say that she's wrong, okay? And if you don't say that, we'll just edit it so that you do. Okay. No.

When we look at stars at night, she, almost every time she'll be like, I just saw a shooting star. And I call her a liar. I'm like, no, you don't. You're not seeing a shooting star every time. She's got good eyes. You guys are in a dark site.

Okay, but I mean, I do see stars, but you shouldn't see a shooting star every night. You'd have to be sitting there, good. I don't know if you guys every night just stare up at the night sky for like an hour or something Maybe then because you know, there's always like meteors coming through small ones. Mm-hmm through the atmosphere But yeah, that really I feel like I could sit there for like 20 minutes and not see anything, right? Well, I sit there constantly I never see anything and she is picking them off constantly. She's seen Starlink

No, no, no, you know all of like the SpaceX satellites. Yeah, there's a lot of those. I don't know. Do you own a ham radio? No Telescopes. Yes a lot of them. No because I use big ones. They once you use a big one You don't want the little ones. Okay. Yeah, what about binoculars? You got a pair of those? Those are the best to use. Oh, yeah. Yeah, If you're gonna go out camping or looking at the night sky, use a pair of binoculars. I don't like, um, I don't like binoculars. I like the one that's just a single eye.

Uh-huh, a telescope? Well, is that still just a telescope? Just a little handheld one? You mean like a pirate? Well, not a, not a pirate. Not a fire? I'm just like, somebody got me like a hiking one. It's just like a single, tiny, short little-

Oh, a monocle, like a monolith. I think that's what it is. I do better with that. Do you like stargazing? No. Oh. I don't, but I think it's beautiful. I like knowing that we don't matter in the scheme of things.

I'm big, I enjoy it, but I don't, I don't know. I like to just daydream. I'm that guy I don't know. I like to just daydream. I'm that guy. I stare up at the sky and just daydream. Well, there's lots of space there to stare at. You know what we did, one time, this was crazy. Here in Malibu, one night we were looking out and we saw like a missile or something going.

And this was like early, like at 9 p.m. And then it exploded. And then it mushroom cloud huge and then it started coming toward us really quick and it was as dumb as those movies where we're just standing there I go I guess we're gonna die right now. And it turns out that what you might call it the naval base up the way was doing some test launches. Normally they do them at three or four in the morning. They did this one earlier and apparently forgot

to send out a warning like, hey, this is just a total, you know, whatever, I don't know what they do. But it was terrifying. They were just exploding it out off the ocean or something? I guess. It was wild. It was wild. Yeah, there you go.

I thought it was the end of day. I was gonna stand there and wait for the wave to just come hit us. What was your last thought? I don't know if I had anything, nothing. Where are the best places to stargaze? High mountaintops. Gotta get away from the atmosphere, dry.

But the best place on Earth is Big Island, Monikaia. You know, it's just sitting in the Pacific Ocean and the air moves across Pacific Ocean, it's like smooth, smooth, smooth, smooth. And then it just hits a little mountain and kind of ripples. So you want smooth air to look through. Otherwise the stars twinkle too much.

So I would argue Monikaia or Chile. Oh wow. These are like real answers. Yeah. Okay. There's, these are like real answers. Yeah. Okay, there's, what? Or go to space, you gotta go to space otherwise. Do you have a huge desire? Not really, I would probably like,

get on the vomit comet or something. I don't like that, is that what it's called, the vomit comet? Yeah. I like that, I have no desire. I grew up in a Kennedy Space Center and my sister was an engineer at NASA and my dad worked there and I just... Did you watch the launches? All of them.

Were you blown away? Even the one. The Challenger? Uh-huh. Oh my goodness. That's where I went to high school. I went to astronaut high school. You did? Uh-huh.

So you could be an astronaut? No. What did they teach you? The other school was Titusville High School. Oh. And so our school was just called Astronaut High School, which a lot of people think meant it was like a private, cooler school, but it was not. It was just a, and if you go and check the, like,

the Zillow score of my high school, it might be a four or a five out of 10, which I'm told is really bad. I will say as much as I hate them, Elon Musk, the- You like watching the Falcon 9 launch? Those are pretty- They're pretty cool, right? And you see there, you see the curvature of the earth,

right? Cause it goes, ooh, and then people send pictures and they go, what is this? And it's like a comet looking thing. That's going cause of the rocket launches, right? But the earth is moving. So it goes like that to get escape velocity out of the Earth. You're just like a good teacher.

Isn't that good? Because I was like, I don't know why it does that. And then I'm like, oh, that's why. Was taking the pale blue dot photo really Carl Sagan's idea? We always say this. And it's been said so many times. I hope that's not full clerk. But I believe it was.

Are we still getting the- But you know, they like turn it around, like at, you know, kind of like at the orbit of Saturn, right? And you have this like part... I love the shot where you're like kind of grazing incidents on Saturn's ring, and then you have to like zoom, zoom, zoom, zoom, zoom, zoom into the image, and then you see the little speck, right? It's pretty impressive. We're still... That's on... What was that on? What satellites it on? Voy satellites it on? Voyager two?

Oh boy, I better get that right. I don't, I don't know, but isn't it still going? Yes. And, but are we still getting images back? We get, it pings back some information, like little pings, but it basically went out beyond, so okay, so- It's left the solar system. It's left this, what's called the solar system,

the heliosphere, right? Because the sun has a magnetic field and it's like cruising through the galaxy and it's like leaves that kind of sheath of that protection into what we call interstellar. And we can actually see it drop. Like we could see like the number of counts of particles go whooping like it's out. When do we stop getting pings? I don't know. that's a good question. I'm gonna guess.

I'm gonna guess we get pings for 10 more years maximum. Okay. Yeah. Start documenting. Okay. Give me the answer. I wanna know when it's gonna stop. Oh, oh, oh.

Wasn't it supposed to stop? I thought, yeah, a lot of these missions go on and on. No, this mission's going for like ever. It's gonna fly forever. And somebody's gonna catch it on the other side. Right. This is a message in a bottle, right? It's 100% a message in a bottle.

This is what we're doing at this point. We're throwing, you don't have anything? 2036. 2036 is when? It's gonna stop giving us information. It's expected to continue transmitting until then. Thank you very much. That's not That's not is like 10 years goodness. I don't think that it's gonna continue. I think the batteries are dead I was like so many of the Martian Rovers were supposed to last five years and they just went on and on and on like

They think that's because somebody up there was recharging them Interesting interesting theory that you brought there. What do you, how about everybody getting a voice now? Does that just drive you insane? How these conspiracy theorists are just magnified and amplified because of technology and the internet and all that stuff? Or does it make your job harder?

Or do you just like that people are getting dumber? I like that people are curious, right? Like I just, I feel like that's a positive, but I'm a little, I'm always baffled that, you know, it's Occam's razor, right? Like how do you, you're with these people that will be like, okay, and then this and then this, and then it's because like the aliens are here.

And I'm like, well, okay, you know, these are, these, you know, people see certain things in the night sky, or you do that, I'm just using an example here, right? This can apply to everything. But somehow there's just this leap that happens when the simpler solution is overlooked, right? That's Occam's razor. I love the simpler solution.

I really take note that wherever I go in the world, I've never met a person who's like, I'm not interested whether we're alone in the universe. Doesn't everyone kind of ask that question? Like, what's the purpose of life? Or what's in the universe? Are there other beings with us? I feel like you go all over the globe

and people ask this question. Well, a lot of us, you know, believe that we all get to live in the clouds at some point. That's gonna be fun. No? Did you grow up in a religious family? My mom was, my father wasn't. And I think that there was a conflict there.

That usually causes a conflict. But so I had to, you know, I did have to, you know, go to church and then I, at a young age was like, I don't like this. So, you know, but my mom said, okay. And then kind of like allowed that to happen. At a young age, I knew I didn't like it. And if I voiced that, I was gonna be in trouble.

So I didn't voice that, just kept going. Till the day I finished high school. And I'm like, all right. All the way through the astronaut school. Yeah. It's not the astronaut school. Do you ever like look back at stories and like, oh, look at the creation and just the plausible?

I mean, talk about a leap that you have to just constantly take to piece that together. Does that ever, is that ever something that you enjoy poking holes in or no? No, because I, you know, we really, I'm very agnostic about this. Like I think there is a, you know, a certain hubris to say that we understand any of that.

Like I think people, science can coexist with people's faith. And I think people invent a conflict that there isn't one really, I think. That science can coexist with people's faith, and I think people invent a conflict that there isn't one really, I think. That you can coexist, we don't know if there's a God, or I can't prove either way, right? Is there a God or not a God? They can't prove it either way.

Church of Latter-day Saints, interesting to you, more or less than traditional. Because don't, depending on how well they do, they get their own planets and universes as well. Oh yes, yeah. Right, don't they? Yeah. I think so.

One time I had a Mormon, he found out what I did, and we were talking, he was an older gentleman, and he told me, he said, and I'm like, I'm 50, and he says, he goes, he goes, aren't your parents a little ashamed? Of my comedy. That's what he said. He was trying to, he was like,

are they ashamed of what you do? And I'm like, I just tell jokes. I don't think they're ashamed, but I enjoyed the conversation. Then he told me I needed to come over to his house because his wife is an excellent cook. And I'm like, what year am I in? I was just like, this is getting crazier and crazier.

It just kept going. Yeah. Anyway, I never went over for dinner. I'm sure she's an amazing cook. I give everybody on the show gifts. I just give them stuff from my house. It's usually, people don't get excited about it. First thing I'm gonna give you is this,

is a Gucci box of shoes that. Oh, did you make a pinhole camera? Yeah. Wow. But out of a fancy Gucci box. Wow. Because Oh, did you make a pinhole camera? Yeah. Wow. But out of a fancy Gucci box. Wow. Because I thought that was funnier. That is incredible.

Good job. Once you have that. I never wore this but it's. Can I grab it here? Yeah, you're gonna have to take all this off my desk at some point. Okay. Is it good?

Yeah, yeah, we'll do this. Yeah, we're gonna have to do this. This is exciting. Thank you. This is an Australian open hat that's never been worn, but I went to the Australian Open. How did you know I liked tennis? I was told you liked tennis.

Wow. Do you love tennis? I love tennis. I love it so much. Yeah, this is sweet. Thank you. I'm trying to get Coco Golf's dad to be on this show. That would be awesome.

Cause I like to talk to parents that have kids that have reached the pinnacle, because I don't know if you know this about him. They've worked so hard. Yeah, he doesn't He won't be inside the stadium when she plays he's there, but he won't be Inside the toy can actually watch you watch how superstitious do you think probably but I also think it's really funny Just to be that stressed out. It doesn't matter. I get way too into tennis You're you watch a lot of tennis. I do. Yeah. I get way too into tennis. You watch a lot of tennis then.

I do. Yeah, I watch it too. Do you ever surf anymore? Last time I just felt like I was, I don't know. I still own a board. I do, I do. I don't want this. It's, you put it on your door to lock your key

while you go surfing, okay? Oh, you put this on your like truck or something? No, it doesn't have to be a truck. Or like a, well. It can be a Prius for goodness sakes But yeah, you put your key in there you roll your window up it locks in nice window No, then you don't have to have your key on you while you surf You're gonna love this there you get that. Thank you Wow You ever been to the south?

Yes, do you like the south? I love the food, yes, and people, yeah, yeah. You like the people? Yeah. I despise the people. I despise them. You know I despise you too. My wife's good friend was, she was kidnapped by her husband and forced to move to Kentucky and now she has Stockholm syndrome and thinks that she loves it there, but I know that she doesn't love it there and I Constantly get on my soapbox and rant to them about how You know the politics of Kentucky are not good How are you gonna raise your kids there, you know stuff that you want to hear from your your good friend's husband anyway so he recently but he was like, you know, we do have a

What's my call their governor, Andy Beshear. He's like, we've got a great democratic governor. And he's trying to sell me on him. And he sent me this. He had them make me a colonel in Kentucky. So technically now Daniel Tosh is a colonel, courtesy of Andy. But I'm like, don't you guys have bigger issues on the docket there? Wait, so you're a colonel?, don't you guys have bigger issues on the docket there? Wait, so you're a Colonel? I don't understand. I don't know what it means, but anyway,

I'm giving you this because I don't. Wow. This is incredible. I don't want the Commonwealth of Kentucky. I love this. This is great. Well, anyway, yeah. So I'm a Colonel, but I want you to have this.

And hopefully, listen, I hope Andy Bashir turns around all The nonsense in Kentucky and makes things better for people this this a woman that we had in the show She sent me this She makes Basically adult toys that are jewelry. Oh basically adult toys that are jewelry. Oh. Okay. So this is a ring. Okay.

That also, it's never been, this is brand new. I don't have any desire for it. Well, it comes off slowly. You opened it? Yes. Well, you can open it. I think it's a box in a box. Pleasure jewelry. Yeah, no.

It's like a ring, but it's fashionable, but you can wear it, but then it also will, you know, it'll also vibrate. Amazing, thank you. I hope it's your, whoa, whoa, whoa. It fits. This, I mean, when, you know, we make contact with aliens, this will be...

Oh, if you have that, that might be the peace offering that saves our planet from destruction. I didn't even think about that. Imagine they go to touch you. Did you like E.T. when you were a child? I loved E.T. Did you like E.T.? No. Really? I mean, thereT. Did you like E.T.? No. Really?

Well, here... I mean, there's so many iconic scenes. Here's the reason. I was, was, am, still, so I pretended not to be. It was very emotional for me. It made me sad. I was just, I thought it was a sad movie. I didn't like sad movies.

I thought, isn't that the point? Yes, but I don't enjoy watching that. Okay. And as a child, it would just make me sad. And I was like, oh, no, that's horrible. I get that you're supposed to like it. And then to know that Drew Carey, or Drew Carey. No. Drew Barrymore.

When I think of Drew Barrymore's life. That would have been a different film. Oh, that would have been. Imagine E.T. with Drew Carey. I mean, it would, it probably wouldn't have been a different film. Oh, that would have been... Imagine E.T. with Drew Carey. I mean, it would... I probably wouldn't have been so sad. No, that would have been ridiculous. Just kind of a young Ohio kid

walking around. Young Cleveland Rocks. That really tickled me more than I thought it was. In the scientific community, Arthur C. Clarke considered one of the greatest minds of the 20th century. Agree? No. Yeah, I think that's, yeah, yeah.

Quoted a ton, right? It's always quoted. Quoted. What about Elon Musk? Oof. Do you think he's one of the greatest minds? Can scientists determine exactly why none of his children love him? Is it the ketamine addiction?

You don't have to answer any of my questions. I'll never get funded again. No. At least we enjoyed the question. There's probably one of his kids who likes him. No? They all hate him? That speaks volumes. Are you worried about the current

administration cutting science funding? Ooh, yes. It's the NASA budget right now. It's, it's dismal. Like, what is it? It's about 50% cut. And to me, like NASA is like an American treasure, right? We grow up idolizing the Apollo missions, all the things we've done in space, Hubble Space Telescope, now the James Webb Space Telescope. And I just, I know I'm biased, I'm an astronomer, but I just, even from a national security perspective, I just can't imagine it like America without NASA

and its science mission. F. Mary Kille, Do you know the game? No. Should I know? You should. Oh gosh. I mean you teach children. Embarrassing. Oh no. One you have to F and you know what that stands for.

Okay. Sex. Okay. Okay. One you have to marry. One you have to kill. Oh, okay. Yes. Sorry. Einstein. Feynman and Sagan. Is it Sagan? Oh God.

Okay. I have to do that? Do you know these people? Well, you have to tell me who Feynman is.agan, is it Sagan? Oh God. Okay. I have to do that? Do you know these people? Well, you have to tell me who Feynman is. I have no idea. Richard Feynman. Oh man, he was, he wrote a lot of books, like surely you're joking, but he loved women.

So I guess enough there. I don't know, he was a little player. He's known for it. Okay. I'm sorry. He was, you know, he came up with ideas about like field theory, how to particle physics, how to connect particles,

everything has an antiparticle, how things connect between it. Okay. Yeah. So you're, okay. But I, you know, he was, he liked the play of the scene. That's what he was known for. Well, listen. But he's no here no longer. Carl, did you ever watch him talk?

Do you know how Carl talked? Did you ever watch the Cosmos as a kid? Yes. Yeah. So is that your Mary? I don't know. Yeah. You gonna kill Einstein? No, I'm gonna, I would marry, yeah.

Einstein, Einstein probably had it all. He was more complete package. You're gonna marry Einstein? Yes. Ah. Yeah, I don't know. This is, this is, this is a hard game. Well, it's not meant to be an easy game.

Dr. Wright, thank you for being on our show. Thank you for having me. My pleasure. American history is full of wise people. Well, women said something like, you know, 99.99% of war is diarrhea and 1% is glory. Those founding fathers were gossipy AF and they loved to cut each other down.

I'm Bob Crawford, host of American History Hotline, the show where you send us your questions about American history and I find the answers, including the nuggets of wisdom our history has to offer. Hamilton pauses and then he says, the greatest man that ever lived was Julius Caesar. And Jefferson writes in his diary, this proves that Hamilton is for a dictator based on corruption. My favorite line was what Neil Armstrong said. It would have been harder to fake it than to do it. Listen to American history hotline on the I heart radio app Apple podcast or

wherever you get your podcasts. So what happened at Chappaquiddick? Well, it really depends on who you talk to. There are many versions of what happened in 1969 when a young Ted Kennedy drove a car into a pond. And left a woman behind to drown. There's a famous headline, I think, in the New York Daily News. It's, Teddy escapes, blonde drowns, and in a strange way, right, that sort of tells you the story really became

about Ted's political future, Ted's political hopes. Will Ted become president? Chappaquiddick is a story of a tragic death and how the Kennedy machine took control. And he's not the only Kennedy to survive a scandal. The Kennedys have lived through disgrace, affairs, violence, you name it. So is there a curse?

Every week we go behind the headlines and beyond the drama of America's royal family. Listen to United States of Kennedy on the iHeartRadio app, Apple podcast, or wherever you get your podcasts. The summer of 1993 was one of the best of my life. I'm journalist Jeff Perlman, and this is Rick Jervis. We were interns at the Nashville Tennessean, but the most unforgettable part?

Our roommate, Reggie Payne, from Oakley, sports editor and aspiring rapper. And his stage name? Sexy Sweat. In 2020, I had a simple idea. Let's find Reggie. We searched everywhere, but Reggie was gone. In February 2020, Reggie was having a diabetic episode. His mom called 911.

Police cuffed him face down. He slipped into a coma and died. I'm like thanking you, but then I see my son's not moving. No headlines, no outrage, just silence. So we started digging and uncovered city officials bent on protecting their own. Listen to Finding Sexy Sweat on the iHeart Radio app, Apple podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts.

A foot washed up, a shoe with some bones in it. They had no idea who it was. And most everything was burned up pretty good from the fire that not a whole lot was salvageable. These are the coldest of cold cases, but everything is about to change. Every case that is a cold case that has DNA right now in a backlog will be identified in our lifetime. A small lab in Texas is cracking the code on DNA. Using new scientific tools, they're finding clues and evidence so tiny you might just miss it. He never thought he was going to get caught. And I just looked at my computer screen, I was just like, ah, gotcha. On America's Crime Lab, we'll learn about victims and survivors, and you'll meet the

team behind the scenes at Authram, the Houston lab that takes on the most hopeless cases to finally solve the unsolvable. Listen to America's Crime Lab on the iHeart radio app, Apple podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts. About anything to do with space. Do you buddy? It's not your thing. You think there's dogs, other dog planets? No, not interested. I would be. We've got some plugs, thetoshshostore.com. We got Eddie and I doing some tours.

We're heading up to a NorCal this fall. Got some Vegas dates. Um, what else? The free plug. We're still doing this bit. Let's uh, let's hit the music. Is that from the makers of the Tosh show theme song? Okay, this is about a storm causingusing damage in a synagogue now. They're asking for donations to help with the recovery So today's free plug is for the congregate congregation of

agnes ah Him I can I can One more time Ag Agnes, Agnes, Agnes. Agudas. Agudas, Agudas Akim. Which means they need the funds to help cover the cost of water remediation after major flood damage there holy spaces earlier this year, back in May.

If you'd like to help them replace their carpet and repair the damage so that they can serve our community in the highest possible capacity, consider making a donation. Don't they have insurance? How does that work? All right. Either way, Tosh Nation, we're going to help out.

I'm told that it is a time honored Jewish tradition to make a donation in honor or in memory of a loved one or to Express gratitude for any event. It's like tithing But it's Jewish Tithing is always tricky because do you guys go gross or you go net? I go net. You go net. Yeah. Huh. Five bucks. You just go five bucks, you just go cash, huh?

Yeah, you just go five dollars. I haven't been to church in a minute. Do they do Apple pay? That's good, I bet, yeah. With the little plates. Are you telling me the deacons are now walking around with a little scanner? You just pass the scanner.

I hope the deacons are walking around with a scanner, but then they do the thing when they when you're like Gonna press which amount they like do that thing when they don't look right? Yeah, that would be nice. Oh, man. I tell you what It's been a while since I've talked to a deacon Well, we got to get a deacon on this show if you're a deacon and you watch this show Sorry that this is we shouldn't be talking about deacons while we're, you know what, forget the Deacon conversation. Let me get back to this synagogue. That's the congregation Agudaz Akim in Austin and their Storm Recovery fundraiser. All right, see you next week.

I'm Bob Crawford, host of American History Hotline, a different type of podcast. You, the listener, ask the questions. Did George Washington really cut down on a charity? Were JFK and Marilyn Monroe having an affair? And I find the answers. I'm so glad you asked me this question. This is such a ridiculous story. You can listen to American History Hotline on the iHeartRadio app, Apple podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts. Every case that is a cold case that has DNA right now in a backlog will be identified in our lifetime. On the new podcast, America's Crime Lab, every case has a story to tell.

And the DNA holds the truth. He never thought he was going to get caught. And I just looked at my computer screen. I was just like, gotcha. This technology is already solving so many cases. Listen to America's Crime Lab on the iHeart radio app, Apple podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts. So what happened at Chappaquiddick?

Well, it really depends on who you talk to. There are many versions of what happened in 1969 when a young Ted Kennedy drove a car into a pond. And left a woman behind to drown. Chappaquiddick is a story of a tragic death and how the Kennedy machine took control. Every week we go behind the headlines and beyond the drama of America's royal family.

Listen to United States of Kennedy on the iHeartRadio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts. What would you do if one bad decision forced you to choose between a maximum security prison or the most brutal boot camp designed to be hell on earth. Unfortunately for Mark Lombardo, this was the choice he faced. He said, you are a number, a New York state number, and we own you.

Listen to Shock Incarceration on the iHeart Radio app, Apple podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts.