We Study Billionaires - The Investor’s Podcast Network - BTC162: The Free Speech Solution - Primal's Miljan Braticevic (Bitcoin Podcast)
Episode Date: December 27, 2023In the podcast 'The Free Speech Solution' with Miljan Braticevic, we explore Nostr's role in free speech and its unique aspects. The discussion covers why Nostr is pivotal, its ecosystem, and Primal's... user-focused approach, featuring an integrated wallet and open-source stack. Key topics include Zaps, reshaping content publishing, content moderation in open networks, Primal Wallet's innovations, and partnerships. Insights into Nostr's current technical challenges and entrepreneurial lessons, along with future prospects for both Nostr and Primal, are also highlighted. IN THIS EPISODE, YOU’LL LEARN: 00:00 - Intro 01:59 - The Fundamentals of Nostr: Understand what Nostr is and why it's essential for free speech and decentralization. 01:59 - Technical Hurdles in Nostr Development: Gain insight into the major technical challenges currently faced in the development of Nostr. 28:54 - Primal's User-Centric Approach: Learn about Primal's focus on optimizing user experience, onboarding, and performance. 35:01 - Integration of Wallet in Primal: Insights into the integrated wallet feature and its significance for users. 35:12 - Unique Features of Nostr: Discover what sets Nostr apart from other protocols and why it's considered a game-changer. 35:12 - The Role of Zaps in Nostr: Explore how Zaps are fundamental to Nostr and their potential to reshape content publishing and the web. 37:12 - Innovations in Primal Wallet: Learn about the unique features of the Primal Wallet, including its Bitcoin address system and partnership with Strike. 38:19 - Entrepreneurial Lessons and Future Visions: Hear about key learnings as an entrepreneur and the future roadmap for Nostr and Primal. 01:00:47 - Open Sourcing in Primal: Understand Primal's commitment to open sourcing their entire stack and its impact. 01:00:47 - Challenges of Content Moderation: Delve into the complexities of moderating content on a radically open network like Nostr. Disclaimer: Slight discrepancies in the timestamps may occur due to podcast platform differences. BOOKS AND RESOURCES Try out the Primal App on Nostr. Miljan’s Nostr Account. Preston’s Nostr Account. Check out the books mentioned in the podcast here. NEW TO THE SHOW? Follow our official social media accounts: X (Twitter) | LinkedIn | | Instagram | Facebook | TikTok. Browse through all our episodes (complete with transcripts) here. Try our tool for picking stock winners and managing our portfolios: TIP Finance Tool. Enjoy exclusive perks from our favorite Apps and Services. Stay up-to-date on financial markets and investing strategies through our daily newsletter, We Study Markets. Learn how to better start, manage, and grow your business with the best business podcasts. SPONSORS Support our free podcast by supporting our sponsors: Bluehost Fintool PrizePicks Vanta Onramp SimpleMining Fundrise TurboTax Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://theinvestorspodcastnetwork.supportingcast.fm Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://theinvestorspodcastnetwork.supportingcast.fm Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://theinvestorspodcastnetwork.supportingcast.fm Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://theinvestorspodcastnetwork.supportingcast.fm Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://theinvestorspodcastnetwork.supportingcast.fm Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://theinvestorspodcastnetwork.supportingcast.fm Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://theinvestorspodcastnetwork.supportingcast.fm Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://theinvestorspodcastnetwork.supportingcast.fm Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://theinvestorspodcastnetwork.supportingcast.fm Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://theinvestorspodcastnetwork.supportingcast.fm Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://theinvestorspodcastnetwork.supportingcast.fm Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://theinvestorspodcastnetwork.supportingcast.fm
Transcript
Discussion (0)
You're listening to TIP.
Hey everyone, welcome to this Wednesday's release of the Bitcoin Fundamentals podcast.
For anyone that follows my social media account, you know that I'm under the firm opinion
that our freedom of speech is under attack.
Last year, I had a guest on the show to talk about a new freedom of speech protocol
called Noster.
Similar to how Bitcoin works, this very lean and efficient protocol allows anyone the opportunity
to run a small server and to back up their speech and they can back up anyone else's
speech. As everyone has noticed in the past couple years, government entities, politicians, big banks,
you name it, are all trying to censor and try to control what you say online. Today's guest,
Million Bradasevic, is a super talented developer that has been working on making access to this
new protocol as turnkey as possible. As you're about to hear, his company is providing a
revolutionary way to not just have free speech, but it's also serving as a global banking wallet
along with the social town square attributes.
Recently, I was asked to be an advisor on Primal,
and I couldn't have said yes fast enough
because there's just nothing more important
than free and open money mixed with free and open speech
that I can possibly think about working on today.
So without further delay,
I'm very excited to bring you this fascinating chat with Milion.
You're listening to Bitcoin Fundamentals
by the Investors Podcast Network.
Now for your host, Preston Pish.
Hey everyone, welcome to the show. I'm here with Milion. Like I said in the introduction, and we are talking about primal. We're talking about Noster. We're talking about free speech. Free speech. Who would have thought it would be such a controversial topic these days, Milian? But welcome to the show.
Nice to be here. Thanks for having it.
A year ago, I had Will Kasserin on the show. I want to say it was just right after the new year. Maybe it was kind of similar to where we're at right.
now a year ago. And we were talking about Noster. We were talking about his Damos, which was a client
inside of Noster. For people that are hearing about this for the first time and maybe didn't listen
to that conversation a year ago, let's start off and level set with people so that they
understand what Noster is and what it represents. And then we're going to go in a lot of different
directions with this. So if you can start off with that, that'd be really helpful for people.
Sure. Interesting that you want to start there because Noster seems to be one of those types of things that people need multiple touch points before they kind of start understanding the importance of it and kind of where it fits in the big picture.
So it's kind of like Bitcoin. Like we as Bitcoiners, we saw with Bitcoin kind of we ignored it multiple times over the years.
And one thing that kind of there was supposed to be a fad last time we saw it six months ago or a couple years ago.
seems to be still around. And not only that it's around, but it's like bigger and more vibrant
and more sophisticated than the last time we saw it. So that's the vibe I'm getting from Noster.
And by the way, this is what happened to me. I discovered Noster for the first time or kind of
came across Noster for the first time in mid-22, the 2022. And I wrote it off. I kind of
discarded it as something that doesn't have much of a chance of succeeding, even
though I was keenly interested in decentralized publishing protocols and decentralized social media
and things like that.
I kind of took a cursory look, you know, hand up.
I totally missed it.
Didn't take a close enough of a look and kind of wrote it off.
And then six months later is that time that you're mentioning there, December of last year,
when, you know, people started making a little bit more noise about it.
Jack Dorsey talked about it on Twitter.
Elon included it in his famous tweet about the types of social media platforms that are not acceptable to be linked to.
So that was a funny one for sure where kind of he listed, I don't know, like some of the major ones like I think it was Reddit and Facebook and Mastodon and Noster.
And the 25 people on Noste were like, what?
why is you mentioning us?
Talk about some signal, right?
Yeah, yeah.
So for sure, that made a lot of us pay attention.
So I was in that cohort.
I created my kind of Noster account,
my Noster key pair on Damos not even a year ago.
I think my anniversary is in like 10 days.
So to go back to your question,
what is Noster?
Why is it important?
I think it's useful to back up a little bit
and talk about, kind of assess the situation that we have with the web in general, with the internet.
It has evolved or maybe devolved, depending on your point of view, into this state where we have
a small number of silos that are completely centrally controlled.
And we're talking about Twitter slash X being one of those silos, Facebook and their kind
of group of companies, you know, a group of products like Instagram and threads and so forth,
being another silo.
And this handful of big players exercises absolute control over those silos in the sense that
when you create an account on Twitter, you don't own that account.
Twitter owns it.
Twitter has full control over that account.
They can take it away from you.
They can shut it down.
They can remove some of your posts.
So they have complete control over the account, over the content that you publish.
as well as all of your connections, all of your followers and people you follow.
This is the status quo.
Vast majority of the internet operates this way.
Vast majority of the users, internet users use internet this way.
And regardless of what you think about the current owner of those platforms,
Twitter has definitely become a de facto global town square where we as a global
community of humans discuss things, important things, and announce important things on Twitter
or X. Regardless of what you think of the current owner of this platform, the problem is that
there is an owner. And for something like this, this should be a common good. Clearly, you know,
if the question is who should own the global town square, the correct answer is nobody.
We should all collectively own it. And we should definitely be in control.
control over our own identities on this network and our own content and so forth.
So then the next step, you know, this was identified as a problem, obviously, years ago,
much before we ran into the latest problems with, like, severe censorship in recent years and so
forth.
So one of the approaches that was taken a few years back was this federated approach, where
you create this somewhat decentralized publishing platform.
where instead of having one big server and one big owner of everything,
you have a collection of smaller servers, smaller owners that are kind of all connected to each other in some ways.
But with this federated approach with Mastodon, you have a situation where instead of one big dictator,
you get a number of smaller dictators.
That's right. That's right.
who also have absolute control over their own instances.
So on Mastodon or these federated types of systems,
the way it works is you as a user,
you have to pick which instance you're going to create your account on.
You say I'd like to use maybe BitcoinHackers.org was one instance.
So you have to select one.
And then you create your account there.
Your account is then posted there and is able to access content,
and accounts from other instances.
So there's that connection there.
However, the administrator of that instance has absolute control over all of the accounts
and content that are created on their instance.
So they have the ability to shut down your account, to censor any posts you have,
et cetera, et cetera.
And also, you know, when they shut down your account, you immediately lose all of your social
connections.
That's an improvement in some ways, but also maybe a step back.
in some other ways because then, you know, like when you have one global kind of moderator,
so to speak, they are held to a pretty high standard and they're being watched by everyone,
whereas when you have a number of smaller ones, they can pretty much do whatever they want.
And there have been some horror stories there.
So this kind of problem area has been known to developers for a while now.
We've been all searching for a better system.
and then I believe Noster represents not only the next evolution, but maybe the protocol that we've all been looking for.
I don't know if maybe you want me to dive in and explain how Noster works.
No, what I think is important for people to really kind of wrap their head around is just the problem definition up front before we even start talking about like all the solutions and kind of like what's popping out of this.
The reason that we've arrived at Noster is because of all of these things that you've described.
I know as a, you know, you grow up as a kid and you talk about these ideas of free speech
and how important they are.
But until recently, I'd say COVID was probably like this moment in time where there is this
giant light being shined on this cockroach in the corner of holy moly, like the government
is truly like manipulating speech here, like in a major way.
like people are losing their accounts, they're getting deleted, and like you couldn't say back in
2020 that COVID came out of a lab, right? Whether you believe that or not, or you think that's
total, you know, hypocrisy or insanity, if you said that online, your account, the tweet or the
post was either deleted, you were banned, you were given a time out for 30 days unless you deleted
the post. And it was kind of like, hold on a second. How is this happening?
On Facebook, Twitter, you name every, every single social platform where you thought you were going
to be able to speak your mind, in your opinions, it was censored to the infth degree.
And so I was just sitting there and I'm like, how is this being done?
How is the government able to influence this when these are supposedly public, free and open
companies, right?
How are they getting them all to do it? And so, you know, I guess I'm going to go off on a little bit of a tangent here of like my own personal opinions. And I'm curious if you agree with this logic. But I'm looking at it and I'm saying none of these companies are privately owned at this point. And Twitter is now today, but not back in COVID. These are all publicly traded businesses that have a board of directors that, you know, when you look at the ownership of that equity of all of these businesses, it's completely been.
decentralized. Like, as an individual, you might have a couple thousand shares of this company
and the real shareholders of these companies are the big banks. It's the Black Rocks of the
world. It's the Goldman Sachs of the worlds. It's all of these too big to fail banks that have the
shares into these ETF vehicles. And so who sits on the board? Who's telling that board what to do?
It's the big bankers that have a lion's share of the voting rights on the directions of these
companies.
And so they're sitting on these boards and then they're putting these people in place
to be able to implement the wishes of what these big banks that are in total bed with the government.
And if you don't think that these big banks are in bed with the government, like, I don't know
what to tell you, but look at the response in 2008.
look at the response in 2020.
Look at the Silicon Valley Bank scenario where the government just steps in.
It's like, well, we're going to save them today.
It doesn't matter whether they're making bad decisions.
So if people don't think that the government's looking for something in return for this relationship
that's happening between two big to fail banks and government, like, I'm sorry,
you're kidding yourself.
When I'm looking at who is the string puller on these policies, and I have gone way off on a tangent here.
I apologize.
No,
I have to get this.
This is possibly the main point here.
So, yeah.
I've got to get this off my chest.
I'm looking at who's the string puller of like the people that are taking my rights and everybody
else's rights away from them.
And it's this relationship between, and you can say it's a government agency.
I'm just going to say government at large, in bed with two big to fail banks that actually
control the voting rights of the platforms of 50.
Facebook, LinkedIn, you name it, every single social company out there, to then put these people
in key executive positions that are the speech moderators inside of these organizations.
And we know that this exists because as soon as Elon bought Twitter and took it private,
which I don't think anybody thought was going to happen because of the price tag for what these
companies are worth, but he did it. And as soon as he did it and he peered into these public
that were sitting inside of these companies and the workload that was being done,
like it was like cockroaches came all running out of the building all at once.
Now, like just recently, we saw Andrew Sorkin and Elon on stage in what I think,
you know, I shared this with a family member.
The person that I shared it with, their response back to me was, well, that was really weird.
Like, that was just strange.
Like, what were they even talking about Preston?
And I said, they're talking about free speech.
And like, they're talking about basically the banks and the government's really upset that Elon's able to run the public square in whatever way he wants without them being able to like puppeteer it anymore.
And that's like, that's what it's all about.
And I'm saying all of this because if you're listening to this conversation and we're talking about this protocol.
And we're talking about this protocol called Noster, and it sounds really obscure and like,
oh, yeah, there's not nearly the amount of people on it today as there is Twitter or Facebook or
whatever.
It's vital that people understand that there is a massive attack vector for traditional social
media and free speech.
And when you say that this might be the first time we've had a technical solution that
there's a free speech protocol, which is Noster, I think that it is so important, like beat the
table important for people to listen up, take this very seriously, because I, you know,
what happens?
I mean, we're seeing it right now.
All the advertisers, Disney, all of them are pulling their funding out of Twitter because
they want Elon to fumble the Twitter football and for it to go back into the public markets
so that BlackRock and Goldman Sachs and J.P. Morgan and all the big banks can control the public square once again with the government at their side. Correct? What am I missing in that description? I agree with pretty much everything you just said. And I think that if we were to pinpoint the problem here, the actual problem, it is the fact that these silos, these platforms have the capability to do these things, to have the capability to
censor speech to block accounts, et cetera, et cetera.
I used to think about censorship in terms of people being censored,
people getting censored being the victims here.
But my thinking about it has evolved a little bit.
And now I also consider people doing the censoring as the victims of the system as well.
Because if you have the capability to do it, there will be powerful actors.
They will show up.
they will make you use that capability you have.
And this is what we've seen, you know, like,
I'm sure that people who founded Twitter,
you know, Jack Dorsey and the company,
like this is not what they had in mind for their product, right?
In fact, initially they wanted to build it as a protocol
and had it quite open in terms of APIs and things like that.
So it was quite a vibrant development platform in the early days.
But Jack Dorsey talks about this and he talks about how one,
think led to another and these kind of incentives compounded, you know, and then you had the situation
where you have a number of powerful shareholders who want to kind of throw their weight around.
And then you also have advertisers who your kind of your entire model revenue model is
hinging on big advertisers. So they get to throw their weight around as well.
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Back to the show.
And it's important to note that these advertisers that are throwing their weight around,
they're in the exact same scenario as the social media empires themselves.
Disney, you need, like go through the list.
of these large cap entities that are saying, oh, yeah, we're not going to advertise on Twitter
anymore.
Well, who manages their board?
Who sits on all the voting rights of these companies?
It's the too big to fail banks yet again through the ETF vehicles, right?
So how hard is it for, and you're seeing Elon, say, Bob Agner from Disney a lot,
But is Bob really the guy in the board meeting that's controlling really kind of the shares of the business?
I don't think he is.
I think it's the too big to fail banks that are managing all those voting, all that voting that's pushing that direction upon Disney to pull its advertising on Twitter.
And it doesn't take far when you actually understand how convoluted the voting rights are on large cap businesses in the country these days.
They're sitting literally right there on Wall Street with the few people running these really large banks that are in bed with the government.
So, sorry to interrupt you.
I'm just, it's the day after Christmas, too.
Like, people are hearing this.
And so Merry Christmas, everybody.
The government and the big banks are trying to steal your free speech.
We think it's a major issue.
And I guess I woke up swinging this morning.
I'm going to try to get out of this conversation to let you talk more.
million. I'm just, I'm fired up. I want to highlight one other thing. I wrote an article kind of
outlining a lot of this in Bitcoin magazine. I'm going to have a link to that in the show notes,
kind of like laying out at least what my thesis is as to why we're seeing this attack against free
speech. We'll have a bunch of other things throughout this conversation for people to check out,
especially a million's client that interfaces with Noster, which we're about to talk about.
So anything else that you want to highlight here that you think is important for people to kind of
understand the problem definition of what it is you're trying to help solve, along with many
other developers in the Noster space, Million.
No, no, I think we cover it well.
I think now that we've delivered the black pill, it's time to bring out the white pill
and essentially talk about the solution because we do have a lot of good news to share
here for people who haven't been paying attention to Noster and are curious about the
possibilities of solving this type of thing.
As you've outlined, the problem is overt centralization of the systems that we have. And with Noster, we have the ability to decentralize. And you mentioned previously that with Noster, we have a technology that's able to do it. Yes, that's true. And I'll go over kind of how this technology works. But it's better than that even. Not only do we have the technology, the protocol itself, but we have the actual network of people and the
ecosystem of applications and services that has already sprouted. And all of this kind of is
unfolding in front of our eyes. And it's really glorious to see how, like, from humble
beginnings, you know, things are organically evolving and growing, where you don't have any
central player controlling or orchestrating any of this. It's just a number of individuals
doing what's in their own self-interest, whether they're a developer.
building applications and services on top of this protocol, or users who value sovereignty on the
internet and are willing, you know, this early cohort of users was so motivated that they were willing
to suffer through some substandard user experience to actually get onboarded onto this network
and start posting content and collaborating with each other. So the network has,
grown from just a few people to a few hundred thousand people who are now active on the network.
And again, this is not in absolute terms. This is not some amazing number. You know,
meta will come out and say we've just onboarded millions of people onto threads or whatever.
It's early days and we're growing the network effects of this kind of the nascent network.
What's important here and what's noteworthy is that there are a few hundred thousand individuals,
who value their internet sovereignty enough to have done the work
and are using their own self-controlled accounts
to collaborate with each other and post-content
and help the network grow.
That's really amazing to watch unfold.
I've been extremely humbled to be a part of it from the beginning.
And back a year ago, when I really took a closer look
and started kind of reading through the protocol
and realize that this actually is going to work.
Back then, as you remember yourself, Preston,
the tools were quite primitive.
So my thought was like, okay, I think this is going to work,
but I wonder how good it can get in terms of actual UX for,
for users who might not be so passionate about sovereignty,
but just want to use high-quality products and access high-quality content.
So this was kind of the idea behind Primal.
I immediately had a niche to start a company and start building a product that can kind of take the Nostr protocol and take it as far as we can possibly take it in terms of quality of UX performance and these types of things so that new users that sign up have a similar experience as when signing up to some of the legacy media platforms while also joining this new network and being.
able to be in control over their identity and their content and so forth.
I want to give people an example of what you mean by this. So a year ago, whenever you signed up,
well, whenever you started interacting with Noster, like you would go to your Facebook page or
your LinkedIn page, you go there and you upload a picture of yourself so people can visually
see who they're interacting with, right? Something like that is just really simple to a person
who's been interacting with social media for years.
Well, when you're dealing with a truly decentralized protocol and you're interacting with it,
a lot of people were going over here and checking it out.
I had people that listened to the conversation a year ago and they're like trying it out
and they go there and are like, how do I even get a picture of myself on there?
I can't figure out how to like do that, right?
And it sounds really...
I forgot about that, Preston.
You're right.
It seems silly.
It was pretty hard back then, yes.
it seems silly for people hearing like, what do you mean you couldn't upload a picture?
Well, let's talk about technically what's happening there.
Like, to upload a picture, where are you saving that picture?
Well, if you're on Facebook, you're uploading it into Facebook's servers that are then
hosting the picture on your behalf that takes up some amount of memory, not much, but it does
require somebody to host that picture and then serve that picture whenever the inquiry is
asked, what does this account look like? So when people were coming to Noster last year with some of the
clients, because everything was just extremely clunky relative to where it is today, you had to
host your own picture. So you'd have to go post a picture in some other type of hosted provider.
And then you'd have to point, here's the address, where that picture is at on the internet,
serve it up if a person's looking for this public key that's associated with who they are for
their free speech. And like, this stuff was truly just groundbreaking last year. And I think if a person
looked at it a year ago and they tried it out, I know of, you know, at least five to 10 people that
I interacted with a year ago, like, oh, you got to try this out. This is really neat. It's actual
free and open speech. And they like tried it out and they're like, yeah, man, I'm sorry. Like,
this is really hard and this is really confusing. I don't even know how to get a picture of myself
up there, like a cool story. Like, I'm glad you and your internet friends are having fun,
but I don't see this like working out was basically the opinion because they didn't understand
like how raw and how much still needed to be built for this to feel like their past experiences.
But to your point that you just made, we're here now. Like your client alone, not even talking
about any of the other, you know, numerous other clients that are out there has taken a lot of
that burden and it's just kind of like melted away and you don't even know that that's something
that's happening in the background on their behalf for them at this point. So talk to us a little
bit about like those things that have just melted away over the past year. Yes, thanks for
reminding me. I think that was an interesting time for sure because you had to do so much by hand.
You really needed to be extremely motivated and tech savvy and.
And then motivated some more and then maybe come back to the next day to fix stuff that was broken and stuff like that.
What we've seen since then is such a large number of projects,
the people developing on Oster, both a combination of client applications as well as services.
What you've just described, where you need to upload your profile photo or you want to upload some media with your notes,
those nodes need to, that media has to be hosted somewhere and there needs to be a service
behind it that does those things.
Rather than having just Facebook do everything, what's actually happening on Nostr organically
is people are identifying the need for the various services on Nostr and they're building
them up and standing them up.
And application developers are making it easy to their users to pick which, let's
let's say, media hosting service they'd like to use within their clients, of course, with some
good defaults as well.
The user experience now, like across the board for all the major and Noster clients is, I'll say,
light years ahead of where we were one year ago, right?
Yes.
I think we're approaching, I think with Primal, we're able to get pretty close to the sort
of the legacy centrally controlled, the UX offered by those types of entities that have been added for
10 years plus, there are multi-billion dollar companies, we within the Nostra community are very
close, I think, to providing a similar level of user experience. And I would really advise people
who haven't taken a look at Nostr, let's say, in the last few months even. To take another
look, they'll be surprised how much better everything is. But then if you look at the trajectory,
things are not going to stop here. And the amount of innovation and experimentation that's
happening on Noster is off the charts kind of at a greater magnitude than what's happening inside
these closed silo type of companies. Since Noster is a permissionless protocol, anyone is able to
publish anything they want on Noster, but also anyone is able to develop anything they want
on Noster. And since everything is allowed, everything will be tried. So we're, and we're around to
witness all of this unfold and like developers are trying a ton of different things, most of which
are probably not going to work out, but some will surprise us some types of features or products
will surprise maybe even their creators at how well they stick. So I think the level of experimentation
that we're seeing on Noster is already definitely orders of magnitude greater than on any other
decentralized protocol that I'm aware of. But I'm going to make an argument that it's also
already bigger than what these massive centrally controlled companies are doing just by the nature
of the way that features are developed in these big companies. I've worked at a big company too. I know
how long it takes to get a feature out. The fact that we are, we as Noster developers are free
to do whatever we want and users are free to use, which any product or service they wish,
you know, users will naturally kind of vote with their feet or vote with their patronage
and the best products and services will bubble up to the top.
And since most of them are built as open source software, they will be replicated by
other services and then upgraded from there.
So I think the next, let's say next year alone, I think is going to be quite interesting
on Oster.
Millian, I want to demo something for people.
So they hear this, but kind of seeing it and hearing it real time can really kind of highlight what we're talking about here.
Do you have your phone close to you right now?
I do.
Okay, pull it up, pull up your primal app, and pull up your wallet inside your primal app.
And I want you just to hold up your phone to the camera so that people can see your wallet.
Okay.
All right, let's try that.
By the way, guys, everybody should know that this was.
not rehearsed. This was not rehearsed. I'm literally coming up with this on the fly. Here's
mine. This is this. I went to Millions page just like on and I got a little bit too much light there
for people to see. How can I get? Yeah, I might have the same problem to be honest. Proof that.
Oh no, yours was. Yours was good. Yours was good. It was good. Okay. Yeah. Okay. Okay.
So I'm on Millions page and I see this post that you had four, four days ago. You said working on a much
nicer image viewer for the next iOS build. And there's a little like lightning bolt icon next to his
post like what you would see on Twitter. The interface is very similar to that. And so I'm going to
go ahead and click that little lightning bolt. And I just, it's done. I sent and you can see it on his
phone, right? You see how, what changed on his phone? There's 101 sats there being displayed in
his wallet right now because I basically liked his post with Sats, Millian.
it worked, you can turn around the phone and look at it. People saw it real time. How fast that was
is I just literally was scrolling. I saw basically a like button, but it's a zap button. I have my
default set to 101 sats. I clicked it. You saw immediately send settlement, instantaneous.
How did I pull up his page? I just typed in Milion in the search and it was the first thing that
came up and I selected it and I'm seeing all of his posts and I could like every one of them.
Do this. Pull up your phone. I swear to God, we're just doing this on the fly.
Pull up your phone. I'm going to just go down.
Maybe press the new year. We should quit while we're ahead, huh? I'm just kidding.
So hold up your phone so people can see this. I'm just going to go down.
The wallet or something? No, the wallet again. So people can kind of see. I'm going to just scroll
through your homepage. Okay. And I'm just going to like your post. There's the first one I'm going to
like. I'm looking at the screen. Oh, there it goes. It hit. I'm going to like the next one.
I'm going to scroll down some more.
Oh, I like that one.
I like this one.
And each time I'm doing this, I'm sending, and people can see real time, there's just,
the sats are just literally flowing to his phone, right?
This is crazy.
This is totally insane that we can, like, I'm interacting at his, like, if we weren't having
this conversation, right?
And I'm reading somebody else's feed.
I'm like, oh, I like that.
I'm going to send them four cents or whatever that amount is worth.
I think it's about four cents that I just kept zapping to him. I'm literally streaming him money
because I'm liking his posts on his social media account. People can see how fast, you know,
if you're listening to this podcast and not watching the video, go to around the 30 minute mark
on this discussion and watch this on YouTube so you can see how ridiculously seamless that was
that we just did. And it was completely on the fly. We didn't even plan to do this.
To show you how seamless this is, it has changed by 100x to where we were a year ago
when we were talking about Noster and what it represents.
And like this isn't even the part that let's talk about like where you think future
capabilities can be because there's already a Noster nest, right?
That's similar to like Twitter spaces that has organically been stood up that you could
integrate into your app.
I think some others may have integrated them into their clients, correct?
we could do phone calls.
Like there's businesses that are streaming.
Like I could set a rate for the amount.
Like I don't want to take phone calls from people unless I'm making $5 a minute or whatever it might be.
And my phone number is never given up, but people could go to Noster and they could find Preston and be like there's a little phone button there.
And if he answers, it's this rate per minute.
Like all of this stuff can get integrated into this into the future.
What are some of the capabilities that you're most excited about or that you think are going to be game changers beyond the ZAPs that we were just kind of showcasing?
Before we get into that, I'd like to dwell a little bit more on the previous point.
Yeah.
What we've just demoed here.
Yeah.
Because that's a perfect example of the types of the things where we as a kind of like a global Noster development community are overtaking the legacy platforms in terms of features.
and UX, you will not see this on Twitter. You will not see anything like this on, like in terms of
real time zapping, real time tipping and with an integrated wallet doesn't yet exist on Twitter,
even though they've been talking about it for years. And how did we get to this point on
Oster? Well, Will from Damos came up with this feature. He called it Zaps to send small amount
of Bitcoin to the author of a certain note. And then early iteration of the iterations of that feature
involved kind of like an external wallet. So you have a Bitcoin Lightning wallet that supports a certain
special way to connect to Noster applications. And so you're kind of interfacing between your
social media, Noster client and your Bitcoin Lightning wallet to be able to pull all of this together.
and so many people started using that,
and the feature became so popular that other Noster clients implemented it.
And then we took that to another level where we said,
wait, let's see what happens if we integrate a lightning wallet into the social media
so that people can easily get onboarded, activate their wallet,
maybe purchase some Sats if they don't have any through an in-up purchase.
And a couple of minutes later, they can participate in this.
an ostrac social kind of activity, which is just like throwing zaps at each other and kind of
supporting each other and kind of signaling their signaling which type of content they feel
is important or relevant by actually sending value over the internet. This is a perfect example
of, but none of this was centrally planned and Will had a good idea. He decided to implement it
because nobody could stop him, it's an open protocol.
So he wrote this Noster improvement possibility kind of document saying,
hey, this is how I think ZAPs should work on Noster.
Then other Noster developers kind of contributed to it.
And then this standard was created.
And other Noster developers started using that specification,
that open standard to implement the same feature.
So any Nostar client will be able to participate in this.
And we're only a few months into this.
So if you extrapolate where we go from here in terms of the feature set and the polish
and the capabilities that we're going to bring to our users,
I think the future is looking really bright.
So the white pill is delivered here too, I think.
When I think about what this represents, Jack Dorsey, he's very involved with Noster.
There's a guy that if I said, Jack, I need to know your checking account number because I want to send you some money, right?
There has to be some type of interaction.
There has to be some type of engagement to pass along that data to me.
Then I have to go get a bank to then potentially.
But again, I don't mean the demo things because most of our listeners are audio listeners.
are not video listeners, but this stuff is so important and so easy to demonstrate why it's so
powerful.
Again, I got the app pulled up, okay?
I went into the search.
I type in Jack, right?
There's Jack.
I see him in my social setting.
I'm going to send Jack 100 sats.
Boom.
And here it goes.
That he now has that.
I have no idea with his checking account number or an, and he.
But I'm able to find him practically immediately on my phone.
I'm able to click on one button and it's saying, how much do you want to send Jack?
Jack, you can send me the 100 stats back if you're listening.
I want my four cents back, sir.
But it was immediate.
And I could go, I could close this out and I could say, all right, well, who else is in my list?
Oh, there's Lynn.
I see Lynn.
Okay, there's 100 stats for Lynn.
I have access to every single person's bank account information without knowing
what it is to send them any amount instantaneously without anybody's permission anywhere in the
world. It's insane. This is nuts. How does anybody think they can compete with something like this?
And it's all open and accessible to everyone. It's really amazing being on the Noster network,
isn't it? Because you can have, as a part of your Noster profile, you have this optional kind of
a setting that you can set, a field that you can set, which is your Bitcoin Lightning
Lightning address. And most Noster users have this set to their Lightning Wallet address. And
so therefore, Noster becomes your kind of global address book of people you've never met before.
You're highly likely to be able to send them some value over the Internet. This is really
groundbreaking. And this is why ZAPs work, by the way, but what you've demonstrated there, you can just
use the wallet to initiate a send transaction and find somebody on the Nostra network and send
some value back and forth along with a message.
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All right. Back to the show. When I think about an unbanked country where you go to some
country and they're just, they have no access to banking, but they have access to a smartphone.
Like, I just don't know how you stop this. This is like a freight train. Why would I be,
Is there a world in which that is a wrong, you know, what am I missing, I guess, is the question there?
Bitcoin and Noster at the protocol level are extremely robust. At the protocol level, we've covered
Bitcoin over the years and quite a bit of details, so don't need to get into that now.
But Noster, you know, maybe a lot more people need to get up to speed with.
Noster has no gatekeepers on the protocol level. Maybe this is a good time to kind of explain
how Nostr works. Yeah, let's do that. Let's do that. Right. And by the way, you don't need to
know how Noster works in order to use it, just like you don't need to know how the car works in order to
drive. But for the purpose of this discussion, where we're kind of analyzing pros and cons of
different approaches of publishing online content and maintaining our online presence, it's good to
kind of have a high level understanding of the Nostr protocol. And Nostr is so,
simple that anyone can understand it at the high level, I think. It's so simple. You don't need to be
super technical. Here's how, here's how it goes. So there are three main concepts in Noster. The first
concept is instead of a username and password, users have a key pair, a public key and a private
key. The second concept is we use apps. So that's a concept that everyone's familiar with. We use
apps or Noster clients to access NOSTER content as well as create and publish content.
So when we create a note using our Noster app, we create the content and then the app signs that
note with our private key so that everyone on the Noster network knows that it came from this
particular user, let's say Preston. And then the app sends that note to a set of relays,
which is the concept number three.
That's the final concept.
A relay is a very simple server,
which is able to accept nodes
that have been published by users and store them,
as well as respond to requests.
So if I hit up a relay and if I say,
hey, do you know anything about Preston?
Here is his public key.
The relay will respond with the list of messages that it has.
So a key point here is that you,
as a user, you published to a set of relays,
not to one specific relay.
Therefore, your content and kind of metadata about you is replicated on the Noster
network on as many relays as you wish.
Usually people have maybe a dozen relays set up.
That's what I have.
People, sometimes people will have more.
But the point is you get to pick which relays you want to publish to, and you can change
that list of relays anytime they want.
So any individual relay can go.
down at any time for any reason without affecting the entire network. And that's it. That's the entirety
of the Noster Protocol. The rest of it are just details about, you know, message formats and things
like that, which we don't need to get into. But essentially, this whole notion that a user has a key,
which completely controls their identity, and is able to use a Noster app to publish to a set of relays,
is what gives us this kind of level of redundancy and censorship resistance.
And this is all kind of on an open kind of standard on an open protocol where anyone is allowed to,
anyone can create a key pair, anyone can run an app, anyone can build an app, anyone can run a relay,
anyone can build relay software, and anyone can build sort of services on top of this kind of core
layer infrastructure to make things easier and simpler for users.
You know, like we're already at the point where users don't necessarily need to handle
their keys too much.
You know, like once you create the account, you have your key stored.
You can store it in a safe place, but then you use a Noster client just like you would
use any other social media client.
As a person who runs my own Bitcoin full node, I back up.
There's somebody made a Noster relay.
basically a turnkey relay for my node.
So I downloaded the software on my Bitcoin full node and just synced it to the content that
I've posted on Noster.
And now I personally have a backup of every single thing that I've ever posted on Noster
running on my own mini server.
And I point my client to look at that so that I know for a fact my speech can never be
canceled because I have it all backed up. Just to kind of show a comparison to legacy social media,
if you want all of your posts that you ever did on Twitter or Facebook or whatever,
you have to go to them and beg for them to send you the index files of all of your previously
generated comments. Twitter will do this if you request it today. But let's say they don't like you,
or let's say that they have a change of heart, or let's say they delete.
your account because you said something that they didn't like. It's gone forever and you're never
going to get it back again unless you had backed it up along the way every single post, right?
The point is that you're continuously asking for permission. Yes. You're asking for permission
every time you log in. May I please log in? You're asking for permission anytime you publish anything.
Will you please publish this for me? You're implicitly asking for permission every time your content is
accessed by other people, you know, will you please make sure that people can access my notes
or my posts on X, et cetera, et cetera. You're constantly asking for permission, where on a
permissionless protocol, you don't need to do that. You are sovereign of that protocol.
This is why Bitcoiners love this. Because it's the same thing as permissionless money,
but it's permissionless speech. And it allows us to coordinate activities above the money
layer, which would be the final settlement of our energy exchange. And it's just, it's a
dang exciting. Million, what is it that you're looking at on the horizon in the coming year
to three years on Noster that you think even people using it today aren't seeing? Like, what is it
that you're seeing coming that's really exciting to you personally? Wow. Noster is moving
so quickly that it seems impossible for me to even think about it in terms of like,
three years out. I try to think about what happens in the next few months or the next year.
And honestly, like, I'm in Austin full-time and just keeping up with high-quality projects,
you know, keeping up with what other people are building is almost a full-time job.
That's how much activity we have. In terms of things that I find exciting, we should say that
replicating and kind of expanding on the social media systems that exist today is just
one of the possible applications of Noster. It's one that has taken off in terms of users actually
seem to use that type of capability quite a bit. But Noster, the protocol itself is actually more
generic and capable of implementing a number of different types of applications. And we're already
seeing some of the early kind of examples of some of those with like marketplaces and, you know,
like auction sites and things like Patreon replicas and so forth.
So I think that one way to think about it would be that anything that has a social
graph, like when you look at the ecosystem of apps and services on the internet, many of them
have a social graph, but they're all closed.
They all have their, like as we said, like in internal social graphs.
So if you have, let's say, Twitter, Facebook, LinkedIn, they all support social graphs internally, but they're not, they're completely separate from each other.
So anything that has a social graph, I think eventually will get consumed by Noster.
Because every, let's say, if you're building a professional, you know, a social site like a LinkedIn type of site on Noster, if you're developer of that type of a service, you will leverage the only, you know, a social site, like a LinkedIn type of site on Noster.
If you're a developer of that type of a service, you will leverage the open social graph that already exists on Noster.
You will promote your product, obviously, to sign up users.
And by signing up users to Nostr version of LinkedIn, you're growing the network for everyone.
And you're adding kind of gravity to the network and adding network effects for all of the other apps that are building on Noster.
So when you play this out over the years, you can see how Noster has the potential to
grow, to outgrow all of the silos.
And essentially, eventually to make the silos look silly because of how close they are.
One of the ideas that I know Jack had thrown out there was putting GitHub into Noster somehow
or leveraging Noster to create a decentralized version of GitHub.
What's your opinions on that?
What's the kind of status?
Is anybody actually working on trying to achieve that today?
And I bring it up just as like an example of what you're talking about on that last point.
So that's a great example, Preston.
I think it's an example that illustrates the level of versatility of Nostr as a protocol,
the fact that you actually can implement something as complex as GitHub or Nostr.
I can't think of too many applications that would be more complex than that, actually,
that are being currently discussed.
So I'm not aware of anybody really diving in deeply to do that.
There have been some guys tinkering about it around it.
But the need is there.
So the pain point is there.
You know, GitHub is currently controlled by Microsoft.
And there haven't been major issues around censorship on GitHub, but they have been some.
So the pain is not like super high at the moment, but, you know, the motivation of developers sometimes is really as a result of the pain that we experience out there.
Yeah.
In fact, you mentioned the censorship around COVID at the beginning of the show.
And I kind of speak with a lot of Noster developers privately.
And we kind of, I have a feeling that we wouldn't have Noster the way in the shape that we do have today.
if we hadn't experienced that level of censorship around COVID and other topics, it was really like,
that's the reaction.
That's, that's, this is what, this is kind of the outcome in the free market that we should be
very, you know, optimistic about.
I love that.
You're exactly right.
I think that that was a major catalyst for people just wake.
I know it woke me up big time.
Like, what in the world is happening?
Let's talk just briefly here about content moderation.
So some people would look at this and say, all right, so you can go on to this protocol and say anything you want.
And there's no, I'm going to put consequence in error quotes here because I could generate a private key, public key pair, log into this with as much encryption as one could muster, say the most obscene things possible, and tag other.
Pub keys that have accounts so that people, you do that so people could see these obscene
things that I'd be saying.
And nobody could ever know who was behind the person that was saying these things.
Some people would have an issue with that.
What do you say to the person that has an issue with that?
And if a person does have an issue with that, how is it remedied?
That's a profound question.
So, first of all, we need to recognize that at the protocol layer, there are,
no gatekeepers. That's the only way is something like this can work. So there isn't anything
at the Noster protocol layer that would prevent you from publishing content that many or most
or everyone might think is inappropriate and unacceptable. And I think, you know, we can all
come up with examples of that type of content. How do you provide content moderation on such a
radically open network? There's a number of ways. But what's important is,
is that the tools to provide to kind of control moderation settings should be in the hands of the user.
I'll kind of break it down into a few different categories.
So the first category is what Noster, the capabilities that Noster protocol itself gives you.
So Noster allows you to have a mute list.
The list of Noster accounts whose content you don't wish to see.
So anyone in Nostr can have that.
you can use your client application to add accounts that kind of manage your own mute list.
Now, this only goes so far.
It's definitely not sufficient to deal with bots, with spam, with other inappropriate content
because it is so easy to create these key pairs and create new accounts that are post
content that you don't wish to see, that you haven't muted yet.
A number of services is kind of sprouting out to help with.
this situation. So at Primal, we give you the ability to not only define your own mute list,
but also subscribe to other people's mute lists. So you kind of tap into the wisdom of the crowd
where I trust your judgment, Preston, so I'll just subscribe to your mute list. And I might
do the same for like a few dozen of my kind of imposed friends. So that way we kind of leverage
each other's work on kind of identifying inappropriate content or inappropriate accounts that we consider,
you know, in our opinion, we consider inappropriate because there isn't such a thing as absolute
answer here. We're trying to get away from the systems where we have one arbiter of truth and
was somebody telling us, oh, this is, you know, this is what we consider to be acceptable today.
We are kind of moving away from those systems. So to back up,
You have your own mute list.
On primal, you can subscribe to other people mute, other people's mute lists.
And then we, at primal, we offer services that use AI and other kind of methods to identify,
to classify content, to identify spam content, to identify not safe for work content, etc.
And at primal, you can opt in to subscribe to those lists.
So you can say, yeah, I'm not interested.
in, I'd like to subscribe to Primal's spam list because it's so easy to spam on Noster
and you kind of need machines to be able to deal with this rather than trying to do this
manually. But the point here is that it's the user's choice and the user can say, yes, I actually
will subscribe to Primal's, you know, spam list or I will not. Spam filter, right? I might choose
another service somewhere else where we're not there yet, but this is kind of the ideal.
This is the direction we're going in with Primal and other clients as well, where you build
an open source client where you create, you provide access to all kinds of custom feeds
and these type of filtering services and so forth.
But then you also enable users to pick from third party.
services for their own algorithmic feeds or filtering lists and things like that.
And then when we expose our own services, we do it in a standard way so that other clients
can consume those and users can select kind of pick and choose which services they wish to subscribe
to.
So this, I think, is the internet we all always wanted, as opposed to centrally control the systems
that we kind of are subject to until recently.
I want to, I'm sorry, I said that was my last question.
I got one more.
One of the things that I've noticed between Twitter and using the primal app and Noster,
the posts don't seem to be anything similar.
Like, and I don't know how to really quantify this.
When I'm on Twitter, oh, I guess I do.
When I'm on Twitter, I feel like there's an algorithm,
I'm gaming my engagement so that I keep scrolling all day long.
And it's kind of polarizing me so that I'm wanting to see what crazy thing I'm going to
pull up next.
When I'm on primal, it doesn't feel like that at all.
It feels like I'm seeing and viewing posts that are pretty wholesome and, like, well-intended
in our building.
There's a lot of developers on primal that are interacting about different things that they're
building either on Bitcoin or whatever, but it's different. And I think if you talk to anybody that's
been on Noster for a couple months, every single one of them are going to say the exact same thing.
They're going to say there's something different in the algorithm of like what I'm being fed
to view. And when I, when you look at, well, how do these other social legacy social media
companies make money? They make money on advertising. How do you serve up more ads?
You have to have some type of AI algorithm that's feeding very salacious or something that is enticing to that person to keep scrolling.
But the business model isn't that over on. That's the reason I guess I think that it's very different.
I'm curious if you think it's just because we're early and like maybe some of that is going to, that more salacious type posts are going to come and start inundating people's feeds.
or is this something that's inherently different that you get with decentralized social media?
Wow, I love that question.
And I've seen many people report this, kind of stark difference in the vibe on Noster versus Twitter.
I haven't been on Twitter for a while up until a few days ago and I kind of took some time to browse through some feeds.
And man, you're right.
Like it really, the feeling that you have in your gut after browsing and literally doom scrolling through,
through the feeds is way different than the kind of chill,
kind of positive vibes that we seem to have on Oster currently.
I don't know if this is a result of the network just being young
and relatively small, maybe.
Although I am noticing something else,
which I'd love to get your take on.
I am noticing that people who have big followings
in both Twitter and Noster seem to be more.
more authentic on Nostr. The content that people publish on Nostr feels more authentic, more real.
So when Jack Dorsey talks about what happened at Twitter on Noster,
like seems to be able to get into more details and we kind of seem to be able to kind of get
closer to his soul, closer to what he's actually all about. Same with many other people,
let's say Snowden.
If you want to hear
with the Snowden's actual thoughts
about like a number of things,
just check out the way he riffs
with the plebs on Noster.
Yeah.
Like the posts on Twitter
are much more official sounding.
Yeah.
Whereas like content on Noster
seems more authentic.
Same goes for Lynn Alden.
Yes.
I'd say.
And I think for yourself,
like you actually are a great person
to address this,
I think because you have a big, you have a big following on both Nostr and Twitter.
So how do you approach posting on these two different platforms?
This is the easiest way I can just because you are right about this.
I think that when I'm posting on Noster, I know I'm talking to people that are part of the resistance
and know they're part of the resistance and there's no, there's no fake people.
over there. They're there for all the right reasons. They're there because they want free speech
and they want free and open money without asking permission from anybody. And I think over in Twitter,
you know that a majority of your audience is not that person. And so I guess I don't think I'm
doing it consciously, but I know exactly what you're talking about and you're exactly right.
And I think if you talk to Lynn or you talk to any of these other people, Jack or Snowden
or whoever, I think they might tell you something similar, but it may be a different description.
then you're part of the resistance and you're proud to be there and kind of like, I guess,
embracing it and very proud to be part of the resistance over there.
It really is special to be a part of something like this so early.
And I would really encourage people who maybe haven't taken a look in a few months or ever,
maybe to take another look.
It's quite special.
Yes, very much so.
And if you've already created a private key, you can just, you know, download, try out
millions prime app.
You can just download it and take your NSEC and just plug it in there.
And boom, your entire history of posts are right there like you swapped from LinkedIn to
Facebook and everything just kind of followed you.
It's pretty magical and insane to kind of see firsthand.
It is.
That's the aha moment for a lot of people where it really clicks.
It's like, wait, you know, I was using this other client, but I can use.
use my private key and everything is there. And a lot of people end up using multiple clients.
Yeah. And there are already so many great options and Noster. So that's great to see.
Yeah, exactly. Million, I can't thank you enough for coming on. This is, if I would say there's a
passion project that I have beyond Bitcoin, it is Noster. And I just think that free and open
speech is so dang important. And to talk to a guy who, in my opinion, is doing this at an
absolute like apex predator kind of way, which is the only way I like to see things done.
It's you, sir. And I am proud to call you a friend and to be able to have a front row seat
to what you're building. And it is just amazing. And I can't encourage people enough to,
hey, try it out for five minutes.
You can download this thing in like 30 seconds on your phone and like give it a whirl and see
what we're talking about.
And if you do, let me emphasize this.
If you do, please post at me or Millian and say, hey, listen to your conversation and
we will send you the, I'll send you my default 101 sat return for the post that you say.
So try it out, guys.
I think you're going to love it.
Millian, anything else you want to highlight?
Yeah, guys do that and you're getting zapped for sure.
sure by both of us. No, I would just say, thank you, Preston, for having me. And thank you for
everything that you're doing to advance this cause. Love it. Well, thank you for your time.
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