What Now? with Trevor Noah - Neuro-Spicy: Discussing ADHD with Dr. Kristin Carothers [VIDEO]

Episode Date: May 1, 2025

Noted clinical psychologist Dr. Kristin Carothers joins Trevor and Christiana to discuss ADHD. The three demystify the condition, how it’s diagnosed, how it manifests, and its impact on everything from education to relationships to professional sports. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

But this is my ADHD as well. When I'm in a dirty car, like a car that has everything in it, all I can see and hear is the trash moving while we're driving. So I don't know if you've ever taken the time to do it. Don't because it'll throw you. Like depending on what type of car you have, while you're driving around, the like the sand is jumping in the mat. It's like you literally see it like bouncing and then you see on the dashboard, it's like a little colony of dirt that's celebrating at every stoplight. It doesn't bother me.

We like, no. And then there's a plastic cup that rattles at every turn and every stop. I'm like, how are you living like this? How are you living like this? I have like extra pair of socks in the door. Oh no. And a knife just in case somebody tries to run up on me.

I have like one of those things that you can crack the door. Oh no! I know, a knife just in case somebody tries to run up on me. I have like one of those things that you can crack the window. Oh wow. Like all in this pocket and then in the middle pocket, I have lotion and contact lens solution and an inhaler and like a badge. And then you open this drawer, there might be like a greeting card just in case I'm going to a birthday party.

And I see you. Wow, wow, wow. My makeup, like if I don't get a chance to put on makeup in the morning. Yeah, there's foundation on my steering wheel. I shouldn't be proud to say that, but it's just like... It's a car. Like, it's like, it's just... Okay.

This is What Now with Trevor Noah. Well, Dr. Carradas, thank you for joining us on the podcast. You're a clinical psychologist. Yes. Just to set the scene for the conversation I wanted to have today, help me break down what you do and how it applies to ADHD. Okay. I'm a clinical psychologist. And when you work with children and adolescents, one of the predominant disorders or mental health presentations you're going to work with is

attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. And so for me, I diagnose ADHD in its three forms. I provide intervention and I do consultation or coaching of parents when it comes to kids. Now my practice has taken a bit of a turn and I work a lot with adults who have just learned they had ADHD or they have it and I'm teaching them how to manage like parenting and having a relationship and having a career while you're trying to also live a life with ADHD. Does everyone have ADHD? We all have characteristics, but that does not mean we meet clinical criteria for the

diagnosis. But we meet TikTok criteria. We definitely meet TikTok criteria. I mean, we all meet TikTok criteria. Everybody. Everyone has ADHD. Yes. Explain the difference because some people actually dismiss the validity of ADHD as a diagnosis.

They're like, well, everyone has it. And then some people inflate it the other way, and they go like, oh, I definitely have it. And I'll say, no, you're just disorganized. So first of all, what is it that you have? Because there are three different forms. So there's hyperactive-impulsive presentation. Wait, hyperactive impulsive. And what does that look like?

That looks like you are always on the go, energizer bunny. You keep going and going and going. You talk nonstop. You're doing 15 different projects. You are moving from one topic to the next. You're running when you should be walking. If you're a little kid, you're climbing when it's dangerous to climb. You're just acting before you think.

Can this be presented like so I know with some people it's like the persistent tapping is that the hyperactivity? So that hyperactivity, okay. Like their knee will be constantly moving or they can't sit still in a chair for a while. So people can be anxious and do that. People can do that to self-soothe. There can be lots of different functions of certain behaviors. So that's another thing. Like the tapping doesn't mean you have ADHD, but what you will find is that people with ADHD tend to be a little bit louder.

They tend to move their bodies more. They tend to have difficulty being aware of like their bodies and that their bodies are moving and that sometimes it's restless energy. But that can, you can also see that for people who have like anxiety. Then you have the inattentive presentation, which is like space cadets. You are forgetting things. You're losing things You're drifting off into space. You're supposed to be focused on one task and before you know it like Bunny runs across your path and you want to Everyone should look at the bunny

I always worry about people who don't look at the bunny If you live in your life and a bunny runs across your path and you don't look at the bunny, who are you? Who are you? What life are you living? I don't know, but it's not a good one. And so you got hyperactive impulsive type, you got inattentive presentation, and then the third is the combination of all three.

Oh, the big boss. The big boss, which is where in some settings you're hyperactive impulsive, in those same settings you might be inattentive. And this is when you see people really start to struggle and you have to have disruption in social and occupational functioning. What that means is this has to be negatively impacting your relationships or it has to be negatively impacting your relationships,

or it has to be causing trouble on your job, occupationally, right? If you're a kid, you don't have a job, you have school. So what you see is difficulty like getting through a test or forgetting to turn the homework in even though you did the homework. Right. Or losing the worksheets. With my kids that I work with, I'll have them bring the book bag in, and it looks like a war zone.

But for adults, and I'll talk about myself, the house is organized, but if you open a drawer or you open the closet, it looks like- It's chaos. Chaos. That's- So I was diagnosed with ADHD. I don't know when this was. Chaos. Chaos. That's... So, I was diagnosed with ADHD. I don't know when this... Maybe it was definitely during the pandemic-ish time.

Congratulations. Welcome. But what happened is one of my best friends, he was going through the most, is the best way to put it. He thought he had depression and then he thought he had something else and he thought that someone said he was bipolar. He went through this whole journey and then came out on the other side of it, a almost completely different person, and then he told me, he said,

hey man, I was diagnosed with ADHD and this is what it means. And I was like, okay, I mean, I took it seriously, but also we're friends, so I didn't take it seriously. And then he said, this changed my life and I felt so emotional and the world has never looked like... And I feel like I've wasted so many chances in life now and I was like, damn, this is getting deep. Yo, you just forget things, calm down. Calm down. And he said, no, now I take medication. And then he explained some of the symptoms to me.

Okay. And I was like, huh, that sounds like me, but we're so different personality wise that I could not believe that we had the same thing, because in my head, he was describing a personality. And it's not a personality disorder. Right. Personality disorders, mood disorders, disorders of regulation, they are not the same thing. And I also kind of want to move away from the term disorder. Your brain is wired to function differently

in different settings. In some settings, the way that your brain functions is optimal. In other settings, it's suboptimal. And so rather than saying like, oh, we're disordered because we can't focus, well, when it comes time to solve a problem and we're down to the wire, we don't have a lot of time,

your brain is willing to think creatively to problem solve. But it can be depressing for you if you're in a setting where everybody seems to be able to go with the flow and go with the grain and you're like, I am dying, I am miserable going along with this. This is driving me crazy. And nobody gets why you're so bothered. And that's what I find happens when you finally get validated or you get the diagnosis. You know that like, okay, I knew I wasn't crazy. This is actually boring for me. This is not the way my brain is

reinforced. This is not what I'm meant to do in life. And the reason I said congratulations to you is because I think once people know what's going on with their brains, then they can like not just look at it from like a negative point of view, but almost like embrace it like, okay, so this explains it. And now that I know this, I've got to figure out how I work. I'm curious because you specialize inizing in children and the thing about early childhood is that it's very difficult to articulate your own experience and what's going on in your brain. Yes. A lot of the things you describe you're like, oh that sounds just like a toddler. Right.

Or that sounds like a five, six year old. Right. So how, for parents with young children that are displaying some of this behavior, how can they know the difference between it being like, okay, this brain is wired differently, and this is just emerging childhood? Okay, so a couple different places. ADHD used to be diagnosed, you had to have the symptoms before age six. Now we say you have to have them before age 12. Oh, why do they make it later? Because the researchers said, I don't really know, but the researchers said with the new edition of like the manual that we used to diagnose,

the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders. That's DSM, yeah. DSM-5, that it was based on the research that people were presenting with symptoms as late as age 12. And so they wanted to make sure that they could be, I guess, more inclusive. Okay, so before what was happening is they said, if you don't show it by six, you don't have it.

You're good. You're good. But guess what happens at age six? Some kids are just entering formal school. Oh, and now you get exposed. And then you see it. Now you see it. Now you get exposed.

But if you don't send your kids to preschool, and then you wait until they turn six for kindergarten, and then at kindergarten, it's like, this kid cannot stay in a seat. This kid is, I've walked into classrooms where I'm coaching and I'm looking for my client and they're under the table. And the teacher's like, okay. That's classic, right? And like, where is this kid? Oh, under the table. Okay, time to go with me, right?

And so your original question was, how do parents know if it's like typical behavior or behavior that is different versus First as a parent, you have to know what your temperament is. Is there a mismatch between your temperament and your child's temperament? That doesn't necessarily mean that there's a problem with your child. That's number one. I think what you want to look at is how that kid interacts with other kids and what it takes to get that kid through a day. Because typically if you have a kid who's really hyperactive, it's going to take a ton of energy

and organization and routine and planning and accommodating to get this kid through the day. Whereas you may have other kids where you can say, put your shoes on, come back five minutes later, the shoes are on. With this kid, if you say put your shoes on and you come back, they're going to be off to the next thing. But we want to look at age.

Or they've stolen someone's shoes. They've stolen somebody's shoes. They've stolen shoes. All these things. Okay. My record with my mom, the story that she keeps bringing up is one day I came home from school, I had no backpack and I had no shoes. Come on.

And then my mom said to me, and my cousin always tells a story as well, because he says that day I got one of the all-time beatings. And he says he remembers like watching me going, but this could have been avoided. He was also a child, but he was like, he says he watched me and he thought to himself, but he could have avoided it. And what had happened was I came, and apparently my mom was like, where's all your stuff? And I said to her, I said, the bag got heavy.

So I put it down. I literally left it on the side of the road. I put it down. To me, logical. And then she said, and what happened to the shoes? And I said, the shoes were new and I didn't want to finish them. So I left them somewhere close to school so that I don't have to wear them out on the way home. Because you know like your shoes would get worn out on the sides, right?

Like we couldn't afford new shoes the same way other kids could. So I noticed kids always had like a flat heel on their shoe. Look at how observant you are though. Exactly. And then my shoes had the slant that looked terrible. So I was like, okay, if I can preserve my shoes, then I won't get laughed at as much. So I'll leave the shoes near school and then walk home barefoot. And we went back and everything was where it was, which means my plan worked technically. Technically.

Yeah, but she couldn't understand. And my brain, I remember thinking this made sense and to me, it makes complete sense. Yes. Now I don't have the kids but I also have ADHD. Right. So I find myself very comfortable with a child. And Till is yours. Who has ADHD. I have a question. Yeah. So I have a bunch of friends who are now they were high-performing girls in school, super bright and then nearly 40 and they're like recently diagnosed and it came up in postpartum. Yeah. Everything fell apart and a lot of things that their therapist and the and they're like recently diagnosed and it came up in postpartum. Everything fell apart. And a lot of things that their therapists and the people they're working with said,

we miss it in girls, we miss it in girls, we miss it in girls. I don't want to get into the gender binary and all that stuff. But you know, the girls I see even in my son's preschool and they behave very differently, even when they're energetic, they're energetic in a different way and how they move. How do parents of girls who may not have the same presentation make sure that these girls don't go under the radar for a long time and maybe never get diagnosed? What are you seeing in girls as children? So that story that I told you about the kid under the desk was a girl.

And for girls, unless their behaviors are so hyperactive that it is like really problematic, girls tend to fly under the radar, I think because of confirmation bias. We expect that boys are gonna be more likely to struggle with attention and focus, or we'll say like, oh, it's part of being a boy, but then if it goes too far, it's like, okay,

well then we probably need to look at this boy. I think a lot of girls present as inattentive initially, and people miss inattention. Or the girls that get caught are the girls who are super talkative, super busy, super on the go. And so for girls, you could meet those six out of nine criteria for hyperactivity. But if it's not at a level comparatively to like a boy who's hyperactive or another girl who's super hyperactive, you could get missed. It's like based on like our cultural expectations for girls behavior, for boys behaviors, which make it tough. Yeah, but there are girls who are

struggling. Absolutely. What would you look for, I guess? I think you would look for how the girl is doing in friendships. In friendships? Are they making friends? Are they sustaining friendships? Whoa, wait, wait, wait, wait, wait, wait. Let's, let's break this down. Yes. Why is that one of the signifiers of potentially having ADHD? Because children with ADHD are most likely to struggle in social relationships. They're going to be the last to be picked to be on teams. And we've got research for this. What happens is they stay little

and people developmentally move on. So it's a lot of fun to have a hyperactive friend when you're three or four. When you're nine, 10, not so much. Okay, if we're three or four and you're breaking the rules and you're running, it's like, ha ha fun. This is so much fun. I'm going to follow you. I'm going to play. But by the time we get to playing like the video games or we get to like, there's a sport

and you got to be really agile physically. That's another thing that kind of tends to co-occur for people with ADHD is physically when it comes to sports and activities, they don't necessarily excel in some of those because coordination. Right? So you may be more likely to be clumsy. And so you need a lot of input. Like if you're playing baseball, you got to stop, you got to watch. That can be really boring for a kid. Soccer, for a kid with ADHD, you out there and you out there. There's moments where they're just watching nothing happening. They're picking the flowers out of the dandelions. Okay, right?

A basketball team, we got to get you to be able to look and follow cues. And so your social functioning is major when you have ADHD. And so if you have a girl or a boy and you're worried about them and wondering, look at their social functioning. How are they doing with friends and on sports and activities? Then academically, talk to the teacher about what's happening in the classroom. Is the kid able to sit in a chair or do they stand the whole day? When you put the kid under timed pressure, do they do poorer or better finishing an assignment? Is this kid likely to stay on task, like to do the assignment until it's done, or do you have to give constant reminders? Think about at home, how long does it take to wake the

kid up? How long does it take for the kid to get dressed? Does the kid lose things? Can they follow a routine without a constant reminder? And it takes a lot of like external stuff to be able to get them to that point where they can. So it's possible, but you're going to have reminders everywhere. So like for me, last two days I've been in New York, I've decided not to really set my alarm, which is not a good idea. But I like winged it.

And I made it. But I made it down to the wire. That's another thing. Wait till the last minute. Oh yeah, that's classic ADHD. Trevor. That's completely. I can do this in eight minutes.

Yeah, yeah. Time blindness. Time blindness. It's completely time. You know what I'd love to do is break down each part to help us understand the why's behind it. Because I think a lot of people will recognize this stuff. They'll go like, oh yeah, that's me. I can't wake up or I'm late or I'm... Help us understand the why. So why is it hard to wake up if you have ADHD?

You likely don't have great sleep hygiene. You know you should go to bed at eight o'clock, but you really want to watch that show. And you get fixated on that show. OK, now let's go down that rabbit hole. Why do you not go to bed then? Because your brain is like, but I could just watch this one episode, and it won't be that bad.

And then you get hooked on the episode, and you're like, but now I want to watch another. Or you're like, I want to read this book, and my brain isn't tired yet, so I'm going to read a few chapters of this book like I need my brain to be exhausted to fall asleep and stay asleep okay but then why is your brain wanting to do another episode? Because your brain is reinforced by dopamine okay what is happening with ADHD is your brain functions differently okay and so the dopamine or the reward centers of

the brain need a lot of input for reinforcement. Okay, and what's happening with a regular brain? With a regular brain... What I like to call an office brain. An office... Yeah. I don't call it a disorder. I call it a non-office brain.

An office brain is like... Tell us what office brain people do. Office brain people are reinforced by being in the office and getting their work done. Okay, when an office brain person wakes up... Task oriented. They wake up easily because they have to wake up? No, they're probably more organized and have better sleep hygiene. They're routine and structured. So they go to bed, they have a routine, they sleep while they're in bed.

And their brain's giving them dopamine for doing that. Yeah, I don't know that it's giving them dopamine, but their brains and bodies are reinforced by having that eight hours of sleep. They know they need it to function. It really helps them to get through the day. It makes them feel comfortable and secure and so they prioritize it. For a person with ADHD, sleep isn't necessarily a priority. Getting stuff done and having fun is a priority. Like doing as much as you can in a day necessarily a priority. Getting stuff done and having fun is a priority. Like doing as much as you can in a day is a priority. Like being able to multitask even though you might not be good at it, that's the priority. That's what's reinforcing. Like, usually I have to get up at 610 to wake my son up, but hey, got somebody waking him

up because I'm not there. So I switched my alarm back 30 minutes. And before I left Atlanta, one day I decided like, I'll just take him to school. Forget getting on the school bus. Right? That's me deciding I'm not going to engage in routine because I just decided I didn't want to. But I am training my child to respond to an alarm.

And so I was still in the bed and got a knock on my door. And my child is like, it's 630. And I was like, oh, I was going to take you to school today. He's like, I'm dressed. And I was like, OK. You know the buses. So yeah, so. So OK, so it sounds like to me you have ADHD. Absolutely. But I was like, good.

Look at me. I'm making excuses. So in school, I don't think my teachers would have complained about me. I just talked. I just talked, and I had to doodle. But did you know when you got into clinical psychology? Did you know by that time or did you know afterwards?

I'm black and when I got into my clinical psychology program, I had never been to therapy. All of my white colleagues, most of them had been to therapy before. They had seen psychologists. So, I decided to do this sight unseen. I never went to therapy or nobody in my family went to therapy. Like, we don't do this. You just pray. You pray. I mean, that's what we did. And you say, it's nothing wrong with that girl. Ain't nothing wrong with her. No, we just going to pray. We're going to pray. Like, get out of here. You don't have no problems. We got problems. Like, you know, like, that's how it goes. So like, when I went to grad school, I used to take copious notes so that I could focus. And then I would doodle.

And then in undergrad, I remember getting called out by a professor because they knew I was doodling, which is pretty embarrassing at the collegiate level to get called out for doodling. Like I'm in college, like this is not fifth grade, but I got called out. But I've always just figured out how to make it work. Because that's like, there's like different cultural expectations, right? out. But I've always just figured out how to make it work. That's like, there's like different cultural expectations, right? Yes. And my grades were high. I got everything done. But I just

know that there's a there's a book that talks about ADHD and functioning. And they talk about like brain glitches. And one of the glitches is go ahead and forget it. Like go ahead, you're gonna have enough time later. Go ahead and do what you want, you're gonna be able to cram that in. Oh yes. I call that now and not now. Talk about that. What is that? So for an ADHD brain, there are only two modes. There is now and there is not now. Okay? Okay. So when I meet other people, I'm always really impressed and fascinated by how they are able to see time laid out in a more gradual fashion. So somebody says to me, let's say it's now like 5pm and they go, dinner's at 8. In my head, what I've heard

is, dinner is not now. Okay. Then at like 6.30, they'll start like dressing. They'll go, all right, I'm going to go get dressed. And I'll say to my friend, I'll be like, you're getting dressed. Why? So we can go to dinner. Then I go, wait, what's the time? They go at 6.30. And then like, Sizwe, Sizwe, I have Sizwe on the podcast all the time. He's like the antithesis of ADHD. He is the, like the furthest thing possible. So he'll start getting dressed at like 6 PM or 6.30. Dinner's at 8. Yes. And then I go, but dinner's at 8. He's like, yeah, so I'm gonna get dressed now.

And I go like, but that's not now. Like dinner's not now. You could do so many other things now. My brain is going, I mean I could watch a movie. I could watch a few episodes of a TV show. I could read something. This makes no sense. Because how long does dressing take?

Dressing takes approximately 6 minutes. Right? 6 minutes to get your whole outfit together. That's what I'm going with. Plus or minus 30. You know what I mean? It's like six minutes, you put your things on. And then I'm like, and then what? To get out of the door, that doesn't even take time.

That's like 70 seconds at best. And then when you're in the car, what does Google say? Oh, 11 minutes. OK, so it's going to take 11 minutes to get to the place. So if we combine all of this time, 27 minutes is what I need. And I'll be, this is what my brain says. Sit on the couch, sit on the minutes to get to the place. So if we combine all of this time, 27 minutes is what I need. And I'll be, this is what my brain says. Sit on the couch, sit on the couch, sit on the couch, sit on the couch, sit on the couch, sit on the couch.

Then at some point I even get anxious or I get, I get annoyed that the time is not happening. So I'll look down and go, what's the time now? 7.15? Oh, now I have to wait 15 minutes before I can start doing stuff. And I'll sit with that. I'll sit with that and look at it and look at it and look at it. And then finally, at 7.30, I'll wait for that three minutes, because I know I need 27 minutes.

I wait for the three minutes, I'll be like, all right, time to go. And then, like, my phone will ring. And then that now has thrown off everything, because someone phoned me for like four minutes. Now you're back. You've just killed my 27 minute plan. And then now I'm not running it. And then you're going to be like.

Cause it's not now. That's the thing. And like, I think that's why I say like with kids, part of it is cause I don't take things that seriously, but when I talk to people's kids who have this, I articulated to their parents with them because I go, no, I know you're making it serious and a lot of parents of ADHD children feel like their kids really undermine them. Yeah.

Yes, they like it personally. That's like the biggest thing. Defiance, it feels like defiance. But it also feels like prank defiance. Yeah. Because think about it. You send a child into another room. Just think of it from a parent's perspective.

Please go into your room. Yes. Please go into your room and put on your jacket and put on your shoes. We're leaving. We're leaving in 10 minutes. The kid goes into the room. 15 minutes later, you're like, where's the kid? You go to the room. They do not have the jacket on. They don't have the shoes on. They have books on the bed that they've opened up. They've started reading something. They've started building Lego. they've started... And you're going, what are you doing? And the child looks at you and goes, what? And you're like, your jacket, and then, what? And you're like, what are you... I just need... And I see how many parents, because it feels like you're being undermined. It feels like somebody, please go and grab something for me,

they never come back. You know? And so, I love that you're saying that thing of like the brain, the brain glitching, because I think people take that for granted. And I also understand a lot of people are just like, this is, this is bullshit. Come on. There's no way your brain works like that. It's absolutely not bullshit. If you've got a kid with ADHD or you have ADHD, you've got to do one thing at a time. You give one command in the room ADHD you've got to do one thing at a time you give one command

In the room where you want it to occur you wait for the person to start so then you can reinforce the fact that they're starting Thank you for listening. Oh, I'm trying to get them to listen to you. Oh, I love this wait So let's let's play a scenario out. Yes, you want the best result for your kid and from your kid Yes, so your partner right? We might have ADHD. Okay. Oh, I like we'll get to that. Yeah So we start with the kids. So you're in the room. Yes. Or you want something to happen.

You want your kid to make their bed. Absolutely. Okay. You don't tell them to make their bed from the living room. You're saying you go with them. You're supposed to go with them. And nobody has time for that. That's our issue, right?

We don't have time to go. I need you to go to your bedroom and make your bed. Actually you go to the setting where you want the behavior to occur in order to increase the chances that the behavior will occur. So ABC, antecedent behavior consequence. Antecedent, we're gonna go to the kids' room. We're gonna say, if you're gonna get some information, you give it now.

I need you to make your bed. The room's a mess. You don't have to throw in the room's a mess, but I need you to make your bed. I'm gonna throw in the room's a mess. The room's a mess. I need you to make your bed. Please make your bed in the rooms a mess. I'm gonna say it. The rooms a mess. I need you to make your bed. Please make your bed.

And you can say please because it models a social skill. Being polite when you make a command. And it's not a question. It's not like, are we ready to clean up the room? There's like a question. No, it's a command. So this is not gentle parenting where it's like, oh, I'm being nice to the kid for the sake of being nice.

Okay. Got it? There's a difference. So please make the bed. You wait, you say nothing. The kid starts to make the bed. Great job, listener. I'll be back in two minutes.

You think you could get this done in two minutes? Like make it a little game. Kids like, yeah, I got this in two minutes. You go, come back, make it a game. Gamifying tasks that are non-desirable or non-reinforcing is a big thing for people with ADHD. You set that timer, you see if you can beat it. So back to the kid, we want something done, we have to do the command in a setting where we want it done.

If you do it from afar with multiple parts, they're going to lose it. They're just going to lose the task, because their brain is not wired to keep up with multiple tasks at a time. I'm really curious because you said, I'm black. Yes, sorry. You said, I'm black. I'm not sorry I'm black, but I am black. Yeah.

And your focus is children. Yes. And we know that black children, minority children in this country tend to be really under diagnosed. Yes. And as a result, they're often expelled. It's like, that's a bad kid. And we know about the school to prison pipeline. And there's something, I can't remember the statistic about how many people in the prison

system actually have ADHD. I think it's 60 to 70%. It's like a huge swath of like black men in this country who were once black boys with ADHD who were never diagnosed because of, you know, historical and social factors. So you're a bad kid. Systemic racism. Systemic racism. Yep.

So we're in this kind of very negative loop that becomes multi-generational because I think culturally sometimes we don't have the words. Someone's anxious. They may say my nerves is bad. They're not going to say that like I have anxiety. Yes. So there's none of the cultural language. So I'm wondering like, what can we do for those children around us where they actually

have internalized the idea that they are bad? The school is saying that they're a bad kid and they're on that expulsion track. How do we get them out of that? Because it seems that once you're on that track, it's hard to get off. I think the first thing, and this is what I've learned as a behavioral psychologist is we don't discuss like children's traits, characteristics, we talk about the behavior, right? So we're externalizing a behavior from a kid. So it's not that you're bad

because you want to sit down and listen, it's because it's hard for you to sit still. You have difficulty sitting still for long periods of time. That doesn't mean there's something wrong with you, it's just better for you to be able to move around. So getting parents to see behaviors as behaviors and not as children's personality or what they're gonna be when they grow up.

The other thing that we've got to be really aware of is like messages that get passed down through generations and through families that can be really kind of negative and trying to like compare kids to people around them who we think that they're like, and we have all this anxiety and this angst and this worry about whether or not our boys are gonna be okay or what the future is gonna hold.

And so we want them to conform to all of these behaviors that are gonna ensure that they're successful. And now we're learning that there's no perfect recipe. I mean, look at him. Come on. There is no recipe for this. But for black people, it's like, well, if there's no recipe, if you can't just be good and go to college

and get a good job, what do we do now? And we're learning that that's not necessarily the recipe. But that's the recipe that's kind of been pushed, which is why I think a lot. And if systems around you, I hate to go here, but that's the recipe that's kind of been pushed, which is why I think a lot. And if systems around you, I hate to go here, but whatever, if systems around you are built so that you don't succeed, then you got to wonder if people are going to be more likely to blow you off and dismiss you for any difference rather than looking at it as like a positive or saying, this is

my kid who likes to talk in the classroom. So I'm going to have him stand up and explain to the class what I just said. Oh, interesting. Interesting. If this is my kid who likes to beat on the table, then I'm going to say, if you all get through this assignment, I'm going to let you come up with a beat on the table and the rest of you all dance. If this is my kid who likes to challenge and question,

then let's have a debate about this subject, but you gotta care. And you gotta believe that this type of behavior is functional, right? You've gotta believe that there's functionality to being busy. There's functionality to thinking outside of the box. There's functionality to like thinking. And systems aren't set up for that.

We're going to continue this conversation right after this short break. I'll often say to my friend, I say it half joking, but I do believe it. I go, ADHD isn't necessarily a problem. ADHD is just like the enemy of capitalism. I truly believe this. Okay. And what I mean by that is, if you think of how ADHD presents, most of the things that ADHD presents, they're like sort of bad for a factory worker.

Absolutely. I joke and I call people office thinkers, but I know some of my friends love organizing and being quiet and reading and looking at lists and putting numbers together. Good for you. Good for you. But you have to admit that the world has also been designed that way. Absolutely. Right? So the world is great for people who wake up early. The world is great for people who wish to sit in a cubicle.

But what does the world do for you if you do want to talk or if you do want to run or if you want to jump or if you want to... Now luckily there's some outlets, like for instance, in the same way that prison athletes over index for ADHD. Oh, I didn't know that. Yeah, yeah, yeah. How do they train? No, but that's...

No, no, that's what reinforces them. That's what reinforces them. Their hyper focus is their sport. So I'm intrinsically, internally motivated to do this activity that I love, this athletic, and so I can do it for hours, I can train for hours, I'm around my people who also love it, I'm so reinforced by it that I just wanna be in this setting. Interesting.

And I can perform and I can excel. It does two things that I've seen firsthand. It's like, number one, it's routine and it's rhythm, right? But it's also not boring routine and rhythm. Yeah, that's true. So it's high intensity. Someone's throwing a ball at your face. This is not like...

Like if you read a textbook and you miss a line, you're not walking out with a black eye. Do you know what I'm saying? Trevor, normally I agree with you when you say stuff about like capitalism and office workers. Yes. And the ADHD brain. I'm with you on that. But I think that ADHD brain can make you a bad partner in a relationship.

Definitely. You know what I mean? Imagine you didn't even have a job and you have all the money in the world. Oh, that's what I disagree with. Yeah, wait, your wife is saying to you, I need you to pick up the dry cleaning. But you know what's interesting about the athletes, you know, before we move on to relationships is a lot of athletes don't know that they have ADHD. That's what I've realized as well because especially in America, like sports started at such a young age.

Little league, yeah, you're in there. They just know that they excel, right? A lot of them don't even realize that it's their ADHD brain that makes them excel. So they're able to think of multiple plays at the same time on the court. They're noticing small... It's a level of genius. It is a level of genius. For sure. But they never get diagnosed and they never present it. But maybe in their personal lives, though. And that's why I mentioned the partner thing,

Tom Brady. I'm not saying he has ADHD, but like... His life kind of fell apart when he retired, right? And then he has to go back to the thing and then, you know... Yeah, no, look, you never know. You never know with anyone. But that's what I mean, is like, because... But I think also, even in those situations, like you listen to some of the top performing athletes, the ones who have, I would say, like the most rigid routines

are generally the ones who do the best, because even in their personal lives, their meals are the time with the family. Up at five. They have this. So the family has to also fit into the schedule because the schedule is so intense. So then that to me goes to the conversation about partners, right? So the athlete is hyper focused in doing what they have to do to maximize what their bodies can do, maximize their amount of time. But then that is one part of your life. And you miss out on the other parts of your life that are kind of orbiting around that.

That's your livelihood, that's not your life. It's your livelihood, but for many of them it's their life. Yeah, it is their life. And it's been their life. It's been their life, it's finally where they feel secure and productive and they may not have, and it is a way out of poverty, it's a way out, it's a way to help family. It serves so many functions.

But when it comes time to being a partner of a person, you've got to be able to be empathic and to understand what it is you need and what it is your partner needs. And so can you give me an example about what might make it hard to be in partnership with somebody with ADHD? I don't want to look at it strictly through a heterosexual lens, but I think domestic labor

is something most couples, wherever you are, struggle with. Who does the washing up? Who gets the laundry? Who's kicking today? Who's cleaning? The house needs to be a certain way. And when you have children, that's even compounded, right? For the most part, women take on a lot of domestic labor. We talk about the mental load all the time. It's women doing that. And I speak to a lot of friends whose husbands have ADHD. And they're like, we're really dealing with the gender differences that come up where I'm doing a lot of the domestic labor. But this man is also forgetful, but he's not being an asshole.

Do you know what I mean? Because sometimes there's this idea that like, the lazy man is like, he's struggling. He generally forgot to take out the trash, even though I can smell it. Right, it stinks. He forgot to take out the trash. He didn't make the bed.

He didn't pick up the dry cleaning. I organized the cleaner, you forgot to get the cash to pay the cleaner. Do you know what I mean? And like, that can cause a lot of tension in relationships. And then you think that that person dislikes you. Because I think when you're in love with someone, it's like, if you love me, you do this thing for me, but they're incapable of doing it. But love is not transactional. Well, for some people it is.

Okay, so that's one thing. So if love is transactional, then you need to know what the currency is. My currency and your currency is going to be different. Your currency is going to be organization. You are going to be able to make sure the kids have the schedule, make sure that the cleaner is scheduled, make sure that we know what day the trash goes out, we know how much money is in the bank account. The other person's currency may be like fun stuff and it can be hard when you are the person of the currency of responsibility and the other person seems like to do the gets to do the fun stuff. But it's like making sure that you all are having family outings. The person who has relationships with everybody in the neighborhood that might be the person who's

able to make sure that they check in with the family to make sure that you all are going to have a family vacation. So it may seem like one person is like day to day, like what's happening right here on the ground. The other person may be bird's eye view. And I think you've got to know what your strengths and weaknesses are in the couple. So if you are the partner of a person with ADHD, and you know that money management is not their thing,

then we don't want to put all money responsibilities on them. We wanna make sure that they're knowledgeable, but we may say, hey, so we have a system and there's a budget. Your budget is this, we have a credit card that is set to this amount, and once that amount is over, we're done. There's going to be some tension there, but you're helping that person to structure, but then you're also reinforcing them by saying, like, look,

since we were able to stay within our budget, we have this much more to take that vacation you wanted. You wanted to plan this break vacation. So this could go either way because there's a lot of wives who have the ADHD and the husband doesn't. Yes. Like it. It can go either way, but I think really you've got to be honest about who you are.

You know, this is something that I know like I've struggled with, you know. After being diagnosed with ADHD, I then went back and I was like, oh wow, half of the issues I had in my relationships were from ADHD. And then 90% of the issues I had with my mom was just ADHD. Just me realizing, oh, oh, I was oh, I was never quote unquote naughty. Oh, my brain was just trying to be stimulated. I wanted to see what would happen if I threw rocks at all the windows at the houses in the neighborhood.

And I know now as an adult, now the logic has caught up to it, but I still think it's an exciting endeavor, right? It's fine. But how do you find the difference between being incompatible slash an asshole and, oh no, this is the person's ADHD? Because I can understand in anyone's defense who's with someone who has ADHD, to your point, they might just be ignoring your requests and they might not be... But then there's a person with ADHD who's going like, damn, I really, really, really didn't want to forget that.

And I really didn't want to be late for dinner. And I really didn't want to be, you know? Over promising and under delivering, which I think is another ADHD thing that could come up in relationships like that. Yeah, yeah, yeah. Like, you know, the biggest thing that helped me genuinely is now, and I give this advice to anyone who has ADHD is I go start with no. Changed my whole life. Start with no. Let me think about it. Everything people ask you, start with no. And you'll be shocked at how it like changes. Cause that's what I realized happens to ADHD people.

Our brains are moving so quickly. Someone says something, we love being stimulated. And so Christiana goes, Hey, can you babysit my kid this week? Yeah, I'd love to. Same. I said it immediately. Yes. We love being stimulated. And so Christiana goes, hey, can you babysit my kid this week? Yeah, I'd love to see And then I leave the conversation I pull out my phone and I go oh this weekend I have a I've got a welcome to my world I've got a gig that I have to do and I forgot about this thing

But now and then you send me a text going thank you so much for agreeing to babysit. I'm like, ah damn What do I do now? You think you've let everybody down. Yeah, I'm like, okay, wait, wait, wait. I think I can do this So wait, what time is the actual babysitting? Okay from 4 to 6. My gig is at 630 So I could make it's a 20 27 minute drive. I think I can and now I'm back in that loop I'm back in the 27 minutes. All right, and then what happens is I disappoint you on the day Yeah, because I get overwhelmed because the day because I get overwhelmed. Because the day comes, my times aren't lining up. I can't get to you on time.

And then what happens to a lot of people with ADHD I know is there's the shame that comes with it. Yes. Because you were trying to do the thing for everybody. What happens is you fail everybody. And because rightfully so on their side, they don't know what you were going through. And so they just go, why didn't you just tell me then why did you agree to do this? And why did you?

Why are you so flaky? Why do you put so much on your plate? Is this part of why people with ADHD have higher levels of depression and suicide? Let's talk about it. Absolutely. Is it that experience? Yeah, you internalize it. And I think already the research, technically I don't think we have a ton of it just yet, but anecdotally, I believe that many people who struggle with ADHD

often have underlying anxiety and depression. For kids, anxiety and depression tend to kind of co-occur as hard for us to tease them apart. But what happens a lot of times is kids who, once they're medicated, or once a person is medicated for ADHD with a stimulant medication, which actually slows your brain down,

then we start to see all of these anxious thoughts come up. And it's not that the medication is causing those thoughts, it's that we can hear them now. The person was so busy or so distracted that all we were focused on was their behaviors. And we didn't know what was happening in their minds. Damn! So on the partner side, what advice would you give someone? Like how does... Because I think, like if I'm just being fair to everyone here,

I would hate for some people to use ADHD or their diagnosis... To get out of stuff. As an excuse... I would, like I use pregnancy not to do stuff. No, no, but you should be able to use pregnancy to get out of stuff. I can't, I can't breathe. People are like, can you switch on the light? I'm pregnant, the light's like right there.

I can't breathe. No, pregnancy should be used as an excuse for everything. If you were talking to the partner who doesn't have ADHD, how would you counsel them and say, okay, this is where I think your boundary should be, or this is what I think you should look for? And then we'll move on to the partner with ADHD. Okay, so anecdotally, what I tend to notice is that we attract opposites.

A person with ADHD is typically going to attract somebody who's more structured, routine, right? It helps them. All my exes could pack bags very well Someone packing my bag because then I don't know if the thing I want is in the bag You don't know where stuff is right pack my bag because then I don't know if the thing I want is in the bag. And you don't know where stuff is, right? Do not pack my bag for me. You don't want to talk about anxiety? Okay, but you know what that's called? Control. And that's what I was going to say. A lot of times people who are with someone with ADHD start to get engaged in over controlling

behaviors because you are so worried about what happens when the person with ADHD forgets something. because you are so worried about what happens when the person with ADHD forgets something. Oh, okay. So you overcorrect. Okay. And then the person with ADHD becomes resentful because they think you're trying to control them. Huh. And really what you are trying to do is manage your anxiety about something being forgotten or not done. Because they forget everything.

Because they do forget everything. We do forget everything. But they're not forgetting everything to get at you or to be annoying. It's just something that happens. But what then you may do is list out a schedule, make sure that everything is just so. And when that person doesn't comply, you lose it. When they do comply, you're happy, but what you're teaching them is not to engage in the behaviors on their own. So if I am scheduling all of your appointments, packing all of your bags, when do you have

to think and when do you learn to do it yourself? Okay, so what you have to watch for if you're the partner of a person with ADHD and you don't have ADHD, is that you could start to do too much. And then you start getting into this control dynamic. And then the person starts to resent you because they think you're trying to control them.

And then you resent them from doing double the work. Yes. And do you know something you said there? Cause I feel very ignorant to ADHD because I think my brain is probably wired the opposite way. When you said that piece about the control and you're doing it for them, you're saying that people with ADHD are capable of doing these things. Absolutely.

They just need to find the tools. You just need a system. Okay. Because in my mind I'm like, oh, you just can't do it. But they are capable. You're capable, but it's that your system may not look like the person who's over controlled system. Your system may be, okay, when it comes to packing a bag for me, I'm gonna set that bag out three days in advance. But guess what?

An hour before it's time for me to go to the airport, I'm still rifling through that bag. Yeah. Because there's something I've forgotten or I decided, like, I had two blazers and then I'm like, I don't like these blazers. Throw the blazers out. And then I'm like I don't like these blazers throw the blazers out and then I'm like well maybe I'm gonna need the blazers put the blazer back in so I start to question myself my brain is getting busy I'm getting distracted I'm overwhelmed so even though I had the goal of being prepared I still find myself struggling an hour before I'm supposed to go so because it's not now. Yeah. Because it's not now. It's not now.

But when it's now, I'm like, well, gotta go with what's in this bag. Exactly. So yesterday I had to go buy a blazer. So it requires... Yeah, like... I love it. It's about you. It's about me.

So I'm gonna be real with you all. I'm not gonna point fingers and I'll pull... Yeah. You know? Yeah. Do you know what? I think that means for the person who is not neuro-spicy and is wide, very, very, very typical way, it requires a lot of acceptance. Because part of me is judging. I'm like, what's wrong with you? But guess what?

When you want to have fun, who do you call? Exactly. Trevor. See? Because, and if he doesn't come, you're sad. Because you're like, I'm not going to be able to push myself to have fun the way I have Have you ever thought about all the crazy specific jobs out there And I mean like crazy and I mean specific for example

Did you know a company is currently hiring for a psychic in California. This is a real thing. Yeah. This job and others like it are what inspired a special part of today's episode, Next Big Opportunity brought to you by ZipRecruiter. Every day ZipRecruiter helps 10 million candidates with their job search, which means no matter the role or industry, they can help your business find qualified candidates fast. And when they say no matter the role or industry, they can help your business find qualified candidates fast. And when they say no matter the role or industry, they really mean it. You can see for yourself by going to ziprecruiter.com slash Trevor. Christiana, I always wonder what jobs you think you'd be good at? Like, do you think

you'd be a good life coach? No. A good... No. Wow. No? I wouldn't be a good life No. Wow. No? I wouldn't be a good life coach. No, because I would probably tell you that it's not going to go well for you and you

need someone like inspiring, you know, I think I'm just too cynical and real to be a life coach. I'm going to go the opposite way and I say, I think we need a few more life coaches who tell people, hey, man, this is not working. Just give up. Yeah, don't do it. This rap thing, it's not working out for you. Yeah, this rap thing.

I actually think if we had more life coaches like you, people would be in better careers and the world would be a better place and not everyone would try to go viral on TikTok. I just feel like medicine, accounting, engineering, we need more plumbers, electricians. I'm just gonna tell you to do regular jobs and make some money, but the rest of the stuff now, not for me.

I can't believe that people are hiring psychics. Yeah, if you're going to get your witch, that's word of mouth. A witch is not something you go to. What do you even ask in that interview? I would just sit there and I'd be like, well, you know what my questions are, aren't they? Yeah, that's true. You know the questions. Maybe I'm a little too close-minded. But if I was working at a company and they said,

hey, guys, I know things have been going bad for the past few quarters, but the good news is we've hired a psychic. I'd be like, huh, okay. Um, if you'll excuse me, I'm gonna go on ZipRecruiter and see if there are any other companies out there who are hiring for my position. Well, I do want to work somewhere that's open to the spirit realm, but that's a bit too open. You know what I mean?

I actually do like that. I would love to work in a company that had a psychic on staff just for the vibes. Yeah, yeah. Do you know what I mean? Just like lunchtime vibes. Just go check in with the psychic, see how things are. I like that actually. Because we've worked in a dog office, why not have a sidekick friendly office? Well, whatever role you're looking to fill, ZipRecruiter can help. With smart matching technology and handy tools like the Invite to Apply feature, you'll find a potential hire in no time. ZipRecruiter is the hiring site employers prefer most, based on G2. In fact, four out of five employers who post on ZipRecruiter

get a quality candidate within the first day. See for yourself. Try it now for free at ziprecruiter.com slash Trevor. That's ziprecruiter.com slash T-R-E-V-O-R. ZipRecruiter, the smartest way to hire. It's also difficult to try and explain to people how many fights in their relationship aren't necessarily fights, but they're a manifestation of ADHD meeting up with non-ADHD. So, I didn't, until I like delved into all of this, I didn't know that for an ADHD brain, for the most part, not all brains, but for most ADHD brains, arguments are fun. Yes.

Coercive cycle of interaction. There's a term for it. Coercive cycle of interaction. Oh, I love this. You are reinforced by your coercive behaviors. And this is what we teach in behavioral parent management training, another plug for an evidence-based intervention for ADHD. So, in behavioral parent management training,

the first step is teaching parents about the coercive cycle of interaction and how their kids are reinforced to continue arguing because they eventually get what they want. And parents are reinforced to be more punitive because they eventually get what they want. So when you get, when you've done that as a child with your parent and then you get into a relationship

and you're like, I can prove that I'm right. I can get you to see that the way I'm thinking is the way you should be thinking. And you just continue to engage in this, this spiral until you win and the other person is pissed. Now they gave up because they're exhausted. They're exhausted most of the time. They're exhausted. Because the ADHD person can keep going.

They can keep going a lot of times. And you'll be like, can you just stop? And they're like, no. So instead of telling them to stop, you'd give them the positive opposite behavior, the to-do behavior. So instead of would you stop talking, it's can we take a quiet moment? Can you be quiet?

What do I want you to do? Okay. So instead of stop arguing, can we change the subject? Or sometimes you gotta kinda just turn away and like wait for it to catch them being good and then turn back Like if you're taking me down that spiral where you're trying to argue with me I'm gonna like turn away pretend to do something else and then the minute you get quiet even if it's by accident

Thanks, Trevor for being quiet But I think I think sometimes people take for granted and I'm saying this from experience is like ADHD people we are not we are not arguing. And you're not an ADHD person, you are a person with a neurodivergent brain. Okay. I think all I feel like you did there was like, it's like going, you're not homeless, you're unhoused.

That's what you just did to me. She said the poetic version. You really did, you really did. You're like, no Trevor, you are not a homeless person. You are a person who does not have a home to live in. You are not. No, seriously, it makes a difference. Okay, okay, fine. You are Trevor who happens to have a brain that is neurodivergent.

Okay, okay, I'll take that. Alright. Sorry. No, no, this is fine. So, I think what people take for granted is this. And sometimes it's because we don't know too articulated as people. Sometimes we don't even know what's happening. Some people think of it as an argument, but it's not an argument. Do you get what I'm saying? So the ADHD brain is just having fun, and it's going... Let's discuss the merits of, and you just go.

It's just attention, seeking, behavior. Exactly. And you're spinning and you're spinning and you're spinning and you're spinning and you're spinning. But you're just having fun trying to figure this puzzle out. Now a non-ADHD person goes like, no, but why you... Yeah, they're getting triggered, they're emotional. They're getting angry. And then at the end of it, and I've seen this happen, like in my group of friends, all the ADHD friends will like hang out together.

All the friends who have a neurodivergent brain. Yes. They... Thank you for using that term. They'll be energized at the end of a group argument and they'll go like, that was fun. And then all the friends who don't have a neurodivergent brain... They're pissed. They're pissed.

They're worn out. They're carrying it. I can't believe you said, why did we fight? You know what? I'm tired of... And you... And the rest of us are going, wait, what? This was fantastic. What's what? This was fantastic. This was fantastic. We argued the merits of Mesopotamian laws and

from that we understood why we shouldn't be eating fried chicken tonight. Just the understanding of it helps because to your point, if you understand that I'm not doing something to you, then you don't think of it that way. Like, so, you know, some divergences we'll call them, whatever they may be, physical or mental, are more apparent than others. If somebody's blind, we normally can see that they're blind. If that person bumps into you, most rational human beings will never go, yo, watch where you're going.

You bumped into me. You'll be like, oh man, the person's blind. Oh, person's blind. You know what I mean? If somebody rolls up in a wheelchair and they can't go up the stairs, no one goes like, get up the stairs. You go like, oh, let's get the ramp or can we help someone?

Because there's a signifier that tells us that this person is divergent physically. Mentally, there's almost no signifiers for this. So you meet someone with ADHD, you don't realize that you started speaking. Their brain hadn't even started pressing the record button. Right. You started a whole conversation. You got home, you started talking to your partner.

Oh, hey, honey, you know, I was just thinking we got to do, and don't forget the thing, and you know, I can't believe it's just. And then the person goes like, what? What just happened? And they're like, oh, my God, did you listen to anything I just said? Uh, and that's so annoying. Yes. And it's not that they're not listening to you. If there was a way for you to be sick, you know, if they could signify it, you'd realize, oh, the record button wasn't on. You hadn't paused for a moment.

The same way I've seen people pull out their phones, stand at a concert and record a moment, and then I look at their phone, I realize they never pressed the record button. But then they blame themselves. They go, ah, I didn't press record, I'm an idiot. Yes. And I sometimes say to people, I know it's a bit of a burden, but think of it that way when you have an ADHD partner.

Ask yourself if you've pressed record. Like one of my best friends taught me this, and he has ADHD, but he literally will be talking and he'll notice that my brain is, I'm finishing an email. He'll say like, oh man, I got to tell you this thing that happened, so I was at the office and then he'll pause and he'll go like, I'll wait for you to finish. Yes. And I go, no, I'm here. He's like, no, no, no, finish the email. Do you know, the funny thing is, hearing, no, no, I'm here. He's like, no, no, no, finish the email.

Do you know, the funny thing is, hearing you both speak today, I think there's something about if you're the non-ADHD parent or partner, whatever you are in relation to someone with ADHD, I think it can really increase your empathy and your sense of patience if you really sit with the diagnosis. Yeah. Because what you're saying right now, whether somebody has ADHD or not, to say to your partner, let me just finish what you're doing and we'll talk when you can give me your full attention would change so many things. Or even dealing with your child because sometimes you just say things to a kid, but maybe the

kid is like with their Legos or their dolls or whatever. Have you pressed record? Yeah, have you pressed record? You haven't pressed record? Okay, we'll come back to it. Yes. It'll kind of just transform. Oh, I need you to press record right now.

That also helps me as well. Someone goes like, hey, no, no, can you put that down? Yeah. No, no, I need you. Then I'm like, oh, okay. Even signaling urgency helps an ADHD brain. Absolutely. So if you say to me like, if you as Christiana go like, oh friend, I need your help. Immediately my brain goes like, yo, what's happening?

I love that. What's happening? And then I focus, I won't look at my phone. But if you just tell a story and it's like the music of it doesn't signal urgency, and my brain just goes like, oh, she doesn't need me. And I don't realize my brain's doing this. I'm thinking of four things at the same time. So it's how you communicate to an ADHD person.

Make sure a record has been pressed. Then you can like fight with them if they're not doing the thing you hope them to do. But I promise you, the difference it makes is insane. You say, I need you to listen to me right now. Or you say, let me know when you're done. And all of a sudden it just changes the dynamic that you have with somebody. And that's the antecedent intervention. That's setting up the environment for success.

You say him press record or let me know when you're ready to press record signals to his brain that I've got to do something. I've got to behave differently. And then he's able to follow through and then you reinforce him because then you continue to talk to him once you know that he's ready to listen. Consequence is you all are connected. So like what you all just did right now, there was connection there.

You gave feedback about when you're able to really hear her and then you were like, thank you for giving me that feedback because now I know how to cue you in when I need to talk to you. And that's what doesn't happen in partnerships and relationships. Whether it's parent to child, romantic.

Parent to child, spouse to spouse, family to family. That's what we don't, that's like a process thing. We don't take time to process things because we're so focused on moving forward and getting to the next thing. And so to have the opportunity to say, especially to your significant other, I need you to press record or I need you to say, hey, can you put your phone down? Because even like with kids, we're accustomed to like snatching a tablet,

turning off a screen to get them focused. As adults, we're just as guilty of being preoccupied with Instagram, with our screens, with our phones. And sometimes we need help to get away from those things so we can actually attend to each other. You know, and like one of the things I say to little kids that I'm working with in intervention is give me your eyes. Thank you for looking at me.

Now that I know that you're looking, I think you can listen. Please pass me that. And then we continue to maintain eye contact. It really helps them to know that I'm engaged. And so in a relationship, if you have ADHD or you don't have ADHD, I think that's a skill that we could all learn because many of us think we have ADHD or you don't have ADHD, I think that's a skill that we could all learn

because many of us think we have ADHD because we are so wired to screens right now. We're so reinforced with screens. We're so reinforced by multitasking. We are hearing a lot of noise and we don't take a lot of time to be fully present and aware in this moment. I have a question about setting up for success

that I've seen a lot of parents grapple with, and it's the question of medication. Yes. Now, I'm a millennial, and I think we're like the Ritalin generation as well. And there's a lot of millennials who felt that they were over-medicated, that they look back at their childhood and they're like, I felt like a zombie. They're trying to figure out who they are without the presence of some sort of medication. And I think a consequence of that

is that a lot of millennial people who are becoming parents now who are medicated as kids are maybe reluctant to medicate their children, do not know when they should introduce that modality, what are the ethics of it? Can you even, you know, I struggle giving my kids Tylenol. I'm like, is this a gateway drug to some other shit?

Do you know what I mean? Okay, so let me talk to you about that gateway drug thing. In my opinion, that is a cultural belief that comes out of the crack pandemic, right? We know that there were specific plans and things that were done to make sure that a certain group of people were destroyed by a drug. And over time, we have become very wary and suspicious, and it is healthy cultural paranoia about the use of medications and drugs.

How can we get hooked? How could this ruin life for us? Because we had a whole generation that this impacted. What I want you to know when it comes to stimulant medication, any of the psychotropic medications is, consider the ways that you are self-medicating. Are you using gummies and weed just to get out of the bed or have a good time? How much alcohol are you drinking? How much are you indulging and overeating?

Is this a symptom of some difficulty that you are having in your life? The medication you take for depression is not the same class of medication that we take to address ADHD. And so what you need to know is for stimulants, stimulants can be abused. And they're the same class, like they're amphetamines. Those things, amphetamines are similar to what's in cocaine, right? It's an amphetamine as well. The difference is, it's highly regulated, it's been studied, it's been studied in children. And we can pretty much tell that there have been, there's at least 30 years worth of data about people being successfully treated. One thing about stimulant medication is once it's in your system, eight hours typically is out of your system. Unlike other classes of medication

that take weeks to build up in your system. That's like antidepressants for instance. Yeah, it takes about two weeks to build up. You can't go off of them instantly. So I'll tell you, one of the craziest, craziest things I learned actually made me really, really sad because then I had to go back and think about how it affected my relationships. I have had this crippling feeling whenever I travel, day one of any trip, I'll fly somewhere, I land there, vacation, and immediately I go, I need to go home. Oh, anxiety. Immediately. And my brain is like, I need to go home.

I need to go home. What am I doing here? I need to go home. I need to go home. I need to go home. I need to go home. I need to go home. I need to go home.

So what would happen is sometimes I'd be on a trip. I would be with my partner, we're somewhere, they couldn't get me to leave the hotel room. They couldn't get me. And they would be like, what is going on? I was like, I think I need to go home. And I can't imagine what they were going through. But for me, I was, and I was, I was trapped.

And until I understood how dependent an ADHD brain is on routine, did I then understand what was happening? Was like, oh, because it's new place, time zones have screwed me over. I also have nothing to do, which is the most crippling thing, funny enough, for an ADHD brain. What are we doing? What do you want to do? What do you mean what do I want to do? My brain jams. My brain, I know how to give me a schedule that's from, you know, 8 a.m. until midnight, I'm fine. Give me space, the brain panics because ADHD, you know, too many choices. And then now, literally, what I'll do is I'll only medicate most of the time when I'm traveling, first day.

Because I just know for that first day, it just brings my brain down. I don't think about what's tomorrow, what's the next day, what's the next day, what am I doing on the trip, because I would rush to the conclusion of the trip. And I know a lot of people will do that with ADHD in the now and not now, is your brain has the ability, but I mean, infinitely. So do you know how many ADHD people I'll speak to as like kids or parents or just people, and I have such empathy for them, because I go, you don't understand what you're experiencing. So you might think, for instance, you have depression, but I go, no, no, your depression is from ADHD. It's not just like a depression, which it could

be on its own. But sometimes this is what my brain will do. And I've spoken to a lot of people who experience this. I'll wake up in the morning. I go, what time is it? Oh, it's 30 minutes before I need to get up. Okay, should I sleep? No, maybe I'll wake up. Okay, I'll wake up. Then what I do, I gotta go brush my teeth. Then I've got a shower.

I'm gonna get dressed. Then I've got to leave the house. Then I've got to go to the office. Then I'm gonna have that meeting. Then I've got to have that next meeting. Then I'm gonna have that other meeting. Then I'm gonna do that thing. Then I've got to go to the dinner that those people have planned. Then I'm gonna come, oh, then I'm going to have that meeting, then I'm going to have that next meeting, then I'm going to have that other meeting, then I'm going to do that thing, then I'm going to go to the dinner that those people have planned, then I'm going to come,

oh, then I'm going to find time to work out, then I'm going to plan my outfit for the next day. Wait, then you do it the next day? You do the same thing? You brush your teeth again? Oh, you got to get clothes again. Wait, how many years does this happen for? Wait, like, so we're just going to do this for like 80 years, 90 years? It's in the spiral. We're just going to keep on doing this? And then what? The next generation does it?

And then it's, why am I waking up? Wait, I'm going to come back to bed anyway. What's the point of leaving the bed? Why am I waking up? What are we all doing? Why are we building these things? Why are we... No, and you will be shocked at how ADHD brains can do this for everything for people.

So even in a relationship, you'll have a fight, and then your brain goes, oh, fight, and this is how, and this is how, and what's the point of relationships? And everything ends with end. And there's typically a time of day, there's a place, everybody's got one. Yes, you're not wrong. There's a time of day. Ruminate and, everybody's got one. Yes, you're not wrong.

There's a time of day. Ruminate and just go on. Oh, the rumination is, and that's an anxiety thing too, but that rumination as part of ADHD is made. It really is. And if it's a certain time of day, I'm a nighttime person, I can lose my mind at night. Can I tell you? So if there's one thing I've learned for my brain, the mornings is where I have the biggest

feelings of what is the point of this whole thing we're doing, right? The evenings is where I have the, I mean, anything can happen. So it's like existential morning, crazy evening. Yo, the morning, the morning, no, the mornings. Let me tell you something. In the mornings, can I tell you something? The worst thing you can do to me in the morning, the worst thing you can do to me in the morning, no, the mornings. Let me tell you something. In the mornings, can I tell you something? The worst thing you can do to me in the morning, the worst thing you can do to me

in the morning, and I've experienced this. I remember someone turned to me in the morning and said, Hey, do you love me? This is in the morning. What do you love me? Did you love them? And my brain, I did, but I did, but I did. But my brain went, what? How does anyone define love? What is love?

Oh, and that pissed, oh, you, oh, that poor person. And what is it about my words that'll make you feel like your day got better or worse or? You're like, I don't know. And then my brain was like, huh, and my brain did that. And in my brain, maybe this was two seconds, but it lasted a lifetime. But to the person, they went, whoa, what was that pause?

What was that pause? That's what I said, poor person. And then I go, no, no, no, yeah, of course I love you. Then person they went, whoa, what was that pause? What was that pause? And then I go, no, no, no, yeah, of course I love you. Then they go like, no, what was that pause? And now we're in fight land. The day just started. We're in fight land. Right, but we're in fight land because the person goes, I can't believe you,

why did you pull a knife? I explained it, it's terrible. Well, but why would you even think that? What kind of person would think you just say I love you? Okay, wait, so message for the person or the person with a person with ADHD is not always about you. That's hard to learn though. That's hard, cause it always, it should be about me.

But it's not like that pause or that like, reticence is not necessarily about you, it's about something that's going on in that person's head that you don't even know about. Yes. You don't even know what's happening. Yeah, and then the nighttime version is, and I know this with like a lot of my ADHD friends,

that's like, we call that sugar time. What is sugar time? What is that? Literally, it came from... Start zooming? No, it came from the direct thing, which was sugar. So we all start craving sugar. I can't eat sweet things in the morning. Pancakes, I don't know how people do that. I'm like, no, ugh. Sugar cereal, I can't... Night time? Let me tell you something.

If there is sugar hidden in your house, I will find it. Okay. If you think there's sugar in your house and you're not sure where it is, call me over at night and I will find that sugar for you. And then my brain then goes like, but for... And we call it sugar time because it's like the... It's sort of the manifestation of sugar as a concept. It's like sugar time for everything?

Then it's like, what's happening? Where's it happening? Who's it happening with? Where are we going? What are we doing? Oh yeah. No, this is, sleep is terrible. Nothing good has ever happened during sleep.

Tell me one great story that involves sleep. None. What about a good dream? History, there's no, I mean, okay, MLK had a dream. But he was awake. But he was awake. But he was awake. But he was awake. No, but he first had the dream of sleep.

He had the dream. And then he told the dream and then we got the wake. That's the only great thing that's happened in sleep was his dream. The rest of history happened while people were awake. I love that you said that because it's learning yourself, being honest with yourself. And if there's one piece of advice I would give people, think of the ADHD as this little gremlin passenger in my life, who I have a fun relationship with, by the way.

I don't resent it. I don't hate it. But what I will do is I'll call it out. Like I'll actively say, at times, you'll find if you leave a microphone in my home, randomly you'll hear me going, Ah, hello ADHD. I just say this every now and again. you'll hear me going, ah, hello ADHD. I just say this every now and again. I'll just be like, ah, there you...

Because my mom's going to be like, spirit. Yeah, my mom... It's the spirit. My mom actually... I love it. Yes, spirits. But I promise you, I promise you, I do that all the time. Because I've also learned for people with ADHD, it's nice to remove the shame. Yeah, for sure.

Because people will tell you the thing you're experiencing is bullshit, they'll tell you that it's not real, you need to get over it, you just need to work, just function, function, function, people just say this to you. But it's like, no, just trust me, take it out of yourself. And say, huh, hello old friend. Starnalize it, hello old friend. Yeah, you're just like, ah, look at you, want some ice cream, do you?

No ice cream for you today. And then I'll even play the game, I'll be like, okay, how about this? If you have very cold water and you still want ice cream 30 minutes later, you can do it. And then I'll go and drink like a cold glass of water and see what happens in 30 minutes. 90% of the time, I don't want the ice cream off. You've moved on. Yeah, but it's also because I've started to learn.

Impost control. I've started to learn that sometimes the thing that you look, look, this is for everyone. The thing that you're craving is oftentimes a manifestation of lacking something else. So what I've tried to learn to do is go, ah, what is happening right now? I'm craving ice cream. But what is ice cream? It's a cold thing. It's a sweet thing. Let me try to break it down. Start with the cold. You're a thinker. Yeah, I'm an overthinker. Yeah. So I start with the cold. And then I go, and also what does it do? Okay. It also does hydrate me. So I'll go with something cold and hydrating that has no sugar. See how I feel. And most of the time I find those small things, but I gamify everything in my life.

That's a problem solver too, right? So that's the ADHD brain again, the superpower. You're a thinker, you think very deeply, and then you are willing to try different interventions to solve your problem. So you don't just give up and give into the ice cream. And a brain that's like maybe depressed might just say, well, forget it, it's hopeless, it's worthless. I'm just going to give to the ice cream. And a brain that's like maybe depressed might just say, well, forget it, it's hopeless, it's worthless, I'm just gonna give in to the ice cream.

You're like, no, this is serving a function, I need to try to figure out what the function of this craving is, how can I come up with a plan so that I don't engage in this behavior? Like there's multiple levels and that can be exhausting if you have to do with every decision you make, which some people get into like analysis paralysis when it comes to that ADHD,

because they're overthinking whether or not, and it's not necessarily anxiety, but it's like trying to plan out the consequences. Yes. Because you're a problem solver. Yes. And problem solvers are very tied to consequences of behavior.

So it's like, well, if I did it this way, this might happen, if I did it this way, this might happen, if I did it this way, this might happen if I did it this way. And then you've lost track of time while you're doing all of that. So I think it's good though to be a thinker, which is also why the capitalistic society is hard, right? To bring it back. Yeah. Why this has been so useful for me, I just think for people that are in community, with people with HGHG, whether you're a parent, a partner, a friend, it's like our job is to understand the superpower, like understand how it works, understand if you're drinking some water late at night, oh, they probably

wanted ice cream, they're having the water, leave them, don't be like, why are you drinking water, a cold glass of water? At 12, 13 in the morning, just be like, this is their way of coping. And you just said a word, community. We need to be in community with people and other people who have similar and dissimilar experiences because it can get very lonely. Yeah, it sounds like a lonely experience. It can be very lonely.

You gotta be in community. Like, you gotta find your tribe. And this is a big thing for me right now with the young adults I'm working with who have ADHD. It's like they have not found their tribe. And then they internalize it and then they feel super depressed, like what is wrong with me? Why does it never work?

And so I want to tell young adults with ADHD and teens with ADHD, you will find your tribe but you have got to seek them out. And that tribe may not be the people who look like you and who have the same interests, but the superpower of having ADHD is you're willing to put yourself out there and take a risk. And so you may have to take a risk with different people. You have a tribe, you haven't found it yet.

Because you haven't found your tribe doesn't mean you'll never find your tribe. Because I also get worried about those people in terms of suicidality. Because there's the loneliness. There's the like, does anybody care about me? I can't get anything right. My relationship's in, what's wrong with me? And so, just like having some hope and knowing,

there is, you got a tribe. And then parents, leave them alone if the tribe is online. Like, they have a tribe. I just want you to have some social connections. Safe social connections. I don't want you playing with like adults if you're a kid, but we need to have, that's why we have kids in sports and doing activities. We want them to build relationships with different groups of people, but as adults, once we get into our careers, we can become isolated. And

so you've got to have community. You got to have a tribe. You got to have community. You guys are a tribe. You've got to have community. You guys are a tribe. Yeah, reluctant me. I love it. I wouldn't have it any other way. Don't go anywhere, because we've got more What Now after this. You know, there's an idea that I have, I'll often say to Christiana, I go, there's moments

where I dream of being a dictator, of just like a small island. He said this enough times. Yes. I'm concerned. I would love to be a dictator of a small island though, like just a small place where, because I think the small number helps you be a little more nimble. I'd be your advisor. Like Sweden, for instance. I would love you be a dictator of a small island though, like just a small place where, because I think the small number helps you be a little more nimble. I'd be your advisor. Like Sweden, for instance.

I'd love you as an advisor. You know, Sweden's four million people or whatever. It's like, it's easy to, it's easier to do things and see how they work. 300 million people is chaos. And one of the experiments I would love to conduct, because I, I'm sure there will be second system effects, don't get me wrong. But I wonder what would happen, two things. One, I wonder what would happen if we treated almost everybody who we think is an outlier in society just for ADHD. And I know this

is a gross malpracticing of science and medicine, so don't co-sign this at all. I'm just telling you about my crazy world. I would love to see what would happen. No joke. If everyone who is homeless gets ADHD medication, like people in the street, like we don't want people like that person is crazy. I genuinely would love to see what would happen. I just want to see what would happen. You give all of them ADHD medication. You give everyone in prison ADHD medication or every kid who's been expelled, ADHD, everyone. I'm willing to bet money. Yes, there will be. Please, terms and conditions apply. There's obviously going to be some people where you're like...

Yeah, because we don't want them to be a manic. If they're manic and they have ADHD medication, they'll go very bad. There you go. So that's what I'm saying. Oh, they have a heart problem. Terms and conditions apply. Right, those are terms and conditions. Terms and conditions apply. I'm not saying... But I'm willing to bet you will see a massive amount of that population no longer have the problem. And I can't help but think to myself, how many people in our society are one intervention

away, and not a massive one by the way, one intervention away from being fully back in society, fully part of a community and fully being back to who they wish to be as a human being. Do you know what I mean? So I'm from Chicago originally and Cook County Jail at one time there, the person who was in charge of the director was a clinical psychologist. I think this was a few years back and she did a program where she had when people came in and they were repeat offenders They got psyche vows as part of the psyche vows

They were able to determine that many of the people who were coming through this system to this program actually had Met criteria for diagnoses and then they were able to get them medicated, right? They were able to get them or even if it wasn't medication They were able to get them some psychotherapeutic intervention. Yeah. And the types of gains that can be made from doing that type of intervention, right? So even if you don't have an island, what will happen in terms of reform in the justice system if people had access to high-quality mental health care before they got there, right? I'm in private practice.

People will ask, why don't you accept insurance? Insurance companies don't value mental health right now. So they're starting to understand that if we can treat depression, you're more likely to follow through on your medication regimen when it comes to the hypertension, when it comes to like the diabetes, right? If you're not depressed, if I've treated

your depression, you're going to be more likely to change your lifestyle factors, exercise, diet, et cetera. So if we address mental health first, we could actually do medicine, physiological medicine, a big service because people would be engaged and invested in taking care of their bodies and making different choices about the way they ate etc, etc But it's almost like mental health care is an afterthought and so I think there are many different avenues to actually make what you want To see happen happen. It could be school systems. It could be like Juvenile justice systems it could I just think there's ways I don't think that's a far-fetched idea. It may not be an island Yeah, I mean, you know, I don't think that's a far-fetched idea. It may not be in Ireland. Yeah, I mean...

You know, I don't think it's a far-fetched idea. In South Africa with our foundation, the thing we did was we brought in psychiatric help to the schools because they didn't have it. And we found the results were insane. It was exponential. And here's one of the most interesting ones we learned. We learned at our foundation, just having someone to talk to improved kids' scores. You literally didn't have to fix the problem.

There were kids who were coming from homes where they were neglected, they were abused, they were beaten, they were whatever it was. And we were like, what do we do? How do we fix this? And then we were humbled to realize that most of the kids weren't looking for someone to fix it. They just needed somebody to speak to. And all of a sudden their grades would improve. They just needed somebody to say, you're not crazy.

Your parents aren't treating you well. Your community isn't looking after you. And yes, you're validated. And the kids' scores would go up. And you're like, this is, come on, this is beyond basic. The other thing I think of, and you know, we've said it multiple times in this conversation and I love how you've tied in.

There was a beautiful conversation that I had on the Daily Show with a woman who's one of the foremost like disability advocates in the US, right? So she was part of the team that was behind the Disability Rights Act in America. So people take for granted, there was a time when places didn't have ramps. Places didn't have any accessibility features at all. It was like, oh, you can't come upstairs?

Tough luck. And she said something really fantastic to me. She said, you know, the biggest arrogance and mistake people make is one, they always assume that they will never be disabled. Right? She's like, no, you just, it can happen to you through age, through accident, through whatever it is in life. It can always, it's an opt-in service, surprisingly. And she said, you also take for granted how

the idea that seems like a burden today, because you're doing it for others, is actually the thing that's going to help you. So they designed ramps at supermarkets for people with disabilities. Do you know who uses ramps more than anyone now? Is people who are fully able-bodied and have found it's an easier way to roll things up and down into a supermarket. I'm always with my stroller. Yes.

Ramps are game changers for me. I can take all the kids into a supermarket because there's a ramp. And then you go, thank you, disability advocates. Do you get what I'm saying? All the things and it's like, it seems, and I think of it, let's go through everything we discussed today. We start with the kids, right? You go, everything you're talking about for an ADHD kid, if we learn how to implement

those systems for ADHD kids, other kids benefits. How do you make a classroom more engaging? How do you talk to your child? How do you engage with your child? How do you empath a classroom more engaging? Yeah. How do you talk to your child? How do you engage with your child? How do you empathize with them? You apply that to a non-ADHD brain, it's still going to be rewarded. It's still going to reward you. The things that you said about athletes and finding purpose on the other side of life

and the pivot. Yeah. That's great for ADHD, but you know who it's also great for? Everyone else. People are going to switch careers. People are going to change what they're doing in life, people are going to find themselves a little unmoored. And this is the same thing. All of a sudden, you found a path. You go to relationships. Yes, your partner might have ADHD, and so it helps to say, hey, are you listening to me? Or I need you to listen right now. Or actually, hey, I noticed you're in your trigger right now, go relax, go sleep.

Let's not do this now because you're going to... You know who that also helps? People in normal relationships. It's just ADHD is the most acute example I find, and it's also the most obvious at times. But I think if we solve the world for ADHD people, it solves the world for everyone. We're almost like the canaries in the cold mine, I think, where I genuinely think we are. You're showing the sickness in, I think you're-

Let me tell you something now. I'll tell you now. If a kid thinks it's boring, they're right. Absolutely. Do you know, cause people be like, kids can't pay attention. Yo, kids can play 18 hours of Fortnite. They can definitely pay.

I was in, I took my son to like a dinner and we were like 45 minutes through and he said, how do you guys listen so long? It was like 10 more minutes and we're out. He was right. Like it was just going on and on and on. And it was like, yes, we don't have to do all of this. Yes. Do you know where I was never bored as a kid? Where? You know where I was never bored? Black church.

Yes. Never. Because someone would be like, no, it's about listening. Yo, when we would go to white church, it was just, all right, here we go. John 3 verse 16, for God so loved the world that he gave his only begotten son that whosoever loved him shall not perish but have eternal life. I was like, oh, eh, eh, eh, eh. Black church, I don't care if you were four years old or 40 years old, that pastor made that sermon come alive.

Call and response. Exactly. You're engaging, yeah. You're engaged. You're standing up. You're standing. You're in the... And even as a child, I was like, yes, in Jesus' name.

Praise the Lord. I was like, wow, what is... I might not understand all these concepts, but I'm... My kid says, what is happening? Yes, yes. To go down there, and I'm you and my kid says what is happening? And the pasta will like repeat something yeah, you know, I don't think you heard me I'm a say it again. He knows we have a you see what I mean? But now that works for the whole congregation And so I feel like like in these things sometimes people I can understand if you don't have ADHD you're going like, oh

this Sometimes people, I can understand, if you don't have ADHD, you're going like, ah, this silly sounding, because it really sounds like a little quirky, little disorder that people have. Yeah, people are like, everyone has ADHD, that's a good one. No, and everybody does not. I also struggle to get out of bed. Get over it! You think I like the office? Get over it! Oh please, you can't pack your suit. Get over it!

I understand where you're coming from. But mark my words. If you listen to ADHD people and you quote unquote fix the world for them, you will live in a better world. I grew up someplace that was not quite as loud at night. But our brains can exist in this. And I think sometimes if you take that, so I'll challenge my friends who are parents of ADHD kids and I'll say this to them.

I'll go, and I go, please, I say this with all the compassion in my heart, because I know you're busy, I know you're tired, I know all the things. I'm not saying you're not. And even a person who's in a relationship with someone with ADHD, I know it's annoying. I know how much you hate repeating yourself. I know how much you feel like you're going through the same cycle. I say all of those caveats. But you'll be shocked at how much fun you can have and how much it can benefit you to take it as a fun challenge.

So for instance, I say to parents of ADHD kids, sometimes your child with ADHD, who's like climbing on the couch and then like standing on a thing and then doing some assaults in the living, you know what they might actually expose for you if you're willing to listen to it? They might show you how little you move. Do you know what I'm saying? Because you're living a sedentary lifestyle. You barely move. You sit at the office, you sit in your car, and then you sit at home.

Now, another child is able to mold themselves to match what you're doing. An ADHD kid cannot. They need to get the thing out of their body. It's pent up energy. But now they're exposing it. Like, you go like, this kid can never sit still. But sometimes you should ask yourself, go like, huh, I've noticed that we sit still quite a lot. Like, look at that as a challenge and go like, okay, every time they do that, do 20 squats with them. Do jumping jacks with them for a minute. Oh my god, that would be so exhausting. Yes, exactly!

You're already in good shape, but you would be like... This is my point. This is exactly my point, is that sometimes you can find things that you've taken for granted that can actually help you as well. And that, like the gamification can go both ways is what I'm saying. But it's like, yeah, solve the world for others and solve the world for yourself. I love it. That's a beautiful refrain.

This has been so much fun. It was so much fun. Thank you all. I hope we have you back again. And by the way, thank you for being a bridge as well. You know, I think, as you said, you know, like I'm black. People just take for granted how culturally, certain cultures are gonna catch up to certain ideas in different ways, right?

And I remember when I was diagnosed, my first time actually was when I was diagnosed with ADD, back then they just called it- Attention Deficit Disorder, when it was just ADD. In fact, no, back then they called it hyperactivity. That's all they called it. Okay, so that was like... This was, I was like six or five.

So you know what it probably was, was that ICD-10, which is the international system, was calling it one thing. And then the United States system was calling it ADD. And so now they try to be on the same page. So they said to me, they said to my mom, so the school said to my mom, I guess they did a good job, they said, hey, you need to take this kid for evaluation. He's very smart, but he's chaos. But he's not rude, he's not anything.

He's just chaos though. And she took me in and they told her that. And when we came out, I said, what did they say? And my mom said, I, these people, they said, you are hyperactive. I said, yes, he's a child. And they said, no, but he's very hyperactive. And I said, so what do we do? And she said, honey, we pray.

We pray, honey. Let's move on. And I said, but we've been praying. I said, but we've been praying and it hasn't worked. And she said, yes, sweetie. And that's then once the praying doesn't work, then that's what the beatings are for. Then we will beat it out of you, my child. And yours was my favorite thing is she made it seem like it was going to be a team effort.

My mom didn't make it seem like I was going to get beaten. She was like, honey, not even a threat. She made it like, honey, you know what, baby, we're going to beat this thing. We will take a stick and we will beat this thing out of you, baby. We're not going to let it win. And I'm there like, this sounds like a team talk, but I'm the one who's going to be beaten in this team talk. But no, the reason I say thank you for bridging the gap is because it doesn't matter black, Latino, you know, you name it. Do you know how many of my Asian friends have told me in a different way?

They've had like a, it's not the spiritual one, their one is like a, no, no, suck it up, keep moving vibe. I was like, oh, but my brain, no, no, no, what do you mean your brain? Hey. You make it work. You make it act right. I think it would be great for us to find those bridges because somebody sees a doctor who looks like them, sounds like them.

So you don't roll your eyes when someone says, that's a spirit, that's a demon. You don't go like... They bring up a spirit. I'm totally... I'm going to be like, okay, you did it first. But you see, I think... I think so, you see, to me... That's what I was going to say.

Yes, that's what I was going to say. We take for granted that most of the ideas of professionalism that we've adopted in society are a homogenous idea of professionalism, right? So we go, that's not professional. What we mean is that's not stock standard white man, like waspy white man as well. Because southern white man, my southern friends, they have a different vibe of what professionalism is. They'll say things, hey, darling.

It's like, hey, hey, that's not professional. You don't call people darling. But there you do. And then you go all around the world. Italians have different professionalism. French people have different professionalism. And I think that's something we take for granted. When we're treating people, helping people,

discussing things with people, we forget that, guys, an African doctor will joke with you in a setting where no joke would be told. You know what I mean? Like a white person would go, I cannot believe that... Because an African doctor can come in and just be like, eh, so you're dying.

And you're like, what? Yeah, you're dying. You're dead this week. No, I'm joking. I'm joking. No, I'm joking. No, their blood test came back. You're looking good. So they'd be like, that is unprofessional. There's an African... There's an element of like, ah, you... Come on. How could...

You can't be serious all the time, huh? You can't... And I think those things are beautiful to examine. It's like it's fun to be in a space with somebody who knows you even though they've never met you. Because then I think they can help you get to the place where they're helping you fix the problem, but they're not seeing who you are as part of the problem. They're not seeing your culture as part of the problem. They're able to split it and go, oh, no, no, no.

That's not a problem. That's just black. This is the thing we're actually trying to solve. So it's been really wonderful meeting you. Thank you. You're doing the good work. What Now with Trevor Noah is produced by Spotify Studios in partnership with Day Zero Productions. The show is executive produced by Trevor Noah, Sanaz Yamin and Jodie Avigan. Our senior producer is Jess Hackl, Claire Slaughter is our producer. Music, mixing and mastering by Hannes Brown.

Thank you so much for listening. Join me next Thursday for another episode of What Now?