A History of Rock Music in 500 Songs - Episode 31: “Only You” by the Platters

Episode Date: May 6, 2019

Welcome to episode thirty-one of A History of Rock Music in Five Hundred Songs. This one looks at “Only You” by the Platters. Click the full post to read liner notes, links to more information, and a transcript of the episode. (more…)

A History of Rock Music in 500 songs by Andrew Hicke. Episode 31 Only You by The Platters The Story of the Platters is intimately tied up with another story we've already talked about, that of the Penguins and Earth Angel. You might want to re-listen to that episode, or listen to it for the first time.

if you're coming to this podcast for the first time, before listening to this one, as this tells a lot of the same story from an alternative perspective. But in both cases, Book Ram ends up being the villain. As I mentioned in that episode, there was a lot of movement

between different vocal groups and the platters were very far from an exception. It's hard to talk about how they formed, in the way I normally would, where you talk about these three people meeting up and then getting a friend to join them, and their personalities, and so on, because none of the five people who sang on their biggest hits

were among the six people who formed the original group they came from. The platters started out as the flamingos. This isn't the same group as the more well-known flamingos, but a different one whose line-up was Cornel Gunter, Gainel Hodge, who was also in the Hollywood Flames at the same time, Gainel's brother Alex Hodge, Joe Jefferson, Richard Berry, and Curtis Williams. But very quickly, the flamingos started to lose members to other more popular groups.

The first to leave was Curtis Williams, who went on to join the Hollywood Flames. and from there joined the Penguins. Richard Berry, meanwhile, formed a band called the Hollywood Blue Jays and got Cornell Gunter into the group. They recorded one single for John Dolphins record label before renaming themselves the Flares and moving over to Flair Records. Cornell Gunter would later go on to join the coasters, and we've already heard some of what Richard Barry would do later on

in the episode on The Wallflower. So the flamingos had produced some great talents, but those talent's departure left some gaping holes in the lineup. Eventually, the flamingos settled into a new lineup, consisting of Gain L. Hodge, Alex Hodge, David Lynch, not the same one as the film director, and her breed. That lineup was not very good though, and they didn't have a single singer who was strong enough to sing lead. Even so, the demand for vocal groups at the time was so great that they got signed by Ralph Bass, who was currently working for federal records,

producing, among other artists, a singer called Linda Hayes. We've heard quite a bit about Linda Hayes in this series, though you might not recognise the name. She was one of the people who had tried to cash in on Johnny Ace's death with a tribute record, Why Johnny Why? And she was also the one who had replaced Eunice in Jean and Eunice when she went on maternity leave. We'd find her popping up all over the place when there was a bandwagon to jump on and at the time we're talking about she'd just had an actual hit because of doing this.

Willie Maiban had just had a hit with I don't know. I don't know. My, oh my, my. Got my baby putting down. The woman I love, she got dimples in her. That's That had reached

It's made out of the best of cloth She can take and wash If she can hang them upside the wall That had reached number one On the R&B chart And had spawned a country cover version By Tennessee Ernie Ford And so Hayes had put out an answer record

Yes I know what you're putting down Hays'all. Hazer's answer on the R&B charts and she was suddenly someone it was worth paying attention to. As it turned out, she would only have one other hit in 1954.

But she didn't. introduced Ralph Bass to her brother, Tony Williams, who wanted to be a singer himself. Williams joined the Flamingos as their lead singer, and their first recording was as the vocal chorus on Nervous Man Nervous by Big J. McNeely, one of the all-time great saxophone honkers, who had previously played with Johnny Otis's band. Shortly nervous Durban nervous And nervous There was

And nervous Go Shortly after that The Flamingos were due to have their own first recording session When a problem hit

There were only so many names of birds that groups could use And it wasn't surprising That someone else was using the name The Flamingos And that group

got a hit record out. So, they decided that since records were often called Platters by disc jockeys, they might as well call themselves that. The Platter's first single did absolutely nothing. They put out a few more recordings,

but nothing clicked, a nobody, Ralph Bass included, thought they were any good. Gainel Hodge finally got sick of splitting his time between groups and left the group to continue with the Hollywood Flames. The group seemed like they might be on the way out, and so Tony Williams went to his sister's manager, Buck Ram, and asked him if he'd be Williams' manager as a solo singer. Ram listened to him and said he was interested, but William should get himself a group to sing with.

William said, well, he did already have a group. Ram talked to Ralph Bass and took the platters on as a project for himself. Ram is unusual among the managers of this time, in that he was actually a musician and songwriter of some ability himself. He had obtained a law degree, mostly to please his parents, but Ram was primarily a songwriter. Long before he went into music management, Ram was writing songs and was getting them performed by musicians that you have heard of, and he seems to have been part of the music scene in New York in the late 30s and early 40s in a big way, having met Duke Allington in a music arranging class both were taking,

and having been introduced by Ellington to people like Chick Webb, Cab Callaway, and Ellington's publishers, Mills' Music. Ram's first big success as a songwriter was Alby Home for Christmas, which had been a hit for Bing Crosby and would later become a standard. I'll be home for Christmas who can plan on me have snow and mistletoe

and presents on the tree The story of I'll be home for Christmas was a rather controversial one Ram had written, on his own, a song called I'll be home for Christmas, though just in memory, and had registered the copyright in December 1942, but hadn't had it recorded by anyone. A few months later, he talked to his acquaintances,

Walter Kent and Kim Gannon, about it, and was shocked when Crosby released a single written by them, which bore a strong resemblance to Ram's song. His publishers, Mills' music, music, sued, and got Ram credited on future releases. Book Ram would end up fighting a lot of lawsuits, with a lot of people. But while that biggest credit was the result of a lawsuit, Ram was also, as far as I can tell, an actual songwriter of great ability, where other managers got themselves credited on songs that they didn't write, and in some cases had never heard,

to the best of my knowledge, there has never been any suggestion that book Ram wasn't the sole author of the Platter's songs he's credited for. I'm so used to this working the other way, with managers taking credit for work they didn't do, that I still find it difficult to state for certain that there wasn't some sort of scam going on, but Ram had songwriting credits long before getting into the business side of things. Here, for example, is a song he wrote with Chick Webb, sung by Ella Fitzgerald. First you pop, then you stop, the gum gets big and round, blow your troubles way like bubbles when you hear that funny little sound. Chew, chew, chew, chew your bubble gum.

Chew, chew, chew, chew your bubble gum. Chew, chew, chew, chew, chew, chew your bubble gum. Chew, chew, chew, chew, chew, chew your bubble gum. He spent several years working But he spent several years working as a songwriter and arranger in New York But made the mistake of moving West in order to get into the film music business Only to find that he couldn't break into the market and had to move into management instead But making music rather than managing it was his first love and he saw the platters as a

means to that end, raw material he could mould in his own image. Ram signed the platters, now a four-piece consisting of Williams, Alex Hodge, David Lynch, and Herb Reed, to a seven-year contract, and started trying to mould them into a hit act. The first single they released after signing with Ram was one which, rather oddly, featured Herb Read on lead vocals on both sides rather than their normal lead Tony Williams. that they simply weren't very good at singing. At the time, they didn't know how to sing in harmony. They'd just take turn singing lead,

and often not be able to sing in the same key as each other. This didn't have much success, but Ram had an idea. In the 40s, he'd managed and written for a group called the Quintones. There were several groups of that name over the years, but this one had been a white vocal group with four men and one woman. They weren't very successful, but here's one of their few surviving recordings, Midnight Jamboree, written and arranged by Ram.

Working with the Quintiomte the Midnight Jambore. Working with the Quinto, had given Ram a taste for the particular vocal blend that comes from having four men and one woman. This had been a popular group style in the 1940s, thanks to the influence of the modern airs, the vocal group who sang with the Glenn Miller Orchestra, but had largely fallen out of favor in the 50s. Ram decided to reform the platters along these lines. The woman he chose to bring into the group was a singer Gainel Hodgnew

called Zola Taylor. Taylor had been recording as a solo artist with little success, but she had a good sound on her recordings for RPM records. With Zola in the group, Ram's ideal vocal sound was almost complete, but they hadn't quite got themselves together.

After all, there was still an original member left. But Alex Hodge wouldn't last long, as he was arrested for marijuana possession, and he was replaced by Paul Robey. Gainel Hodge now claims that this wasn't the real reason that Alex Hodge was sacked. He says that Ram and Herb Reed conspired to get rid of Alex, who in Gaynell's telling had been the original founder of the group, because he knew too much about the music business and was getting suspicious that Ram was ripping him off. Either way, the last original member was now gone, and the Platters were Tony Williams, Zola Taylor, Herb Reed, Paul Roby and David Lynch. This would now be the line-up that would stay together for the rest of the 1950s and beyond.

Before that changed, though, the Platters had recorded a song that had sounded so bad that Ram had persuaded the label not to release it. Only You was a song that Ram had written with the intention of passing it on to the ink spots, but for whatever reason he had never got round to it, though he'd written for the ink spots before. They'd released his, I'll lose a friend tomorrow, in in 1946. He later said that he later said that he decided against giving only you to the ink spots because he had a chance. That's not accurate.

The ink spots were still around. the earliest recordings of the song by the platters were made. More likely, he just didn't like the song. After he wrote it, he stuck the sheet music in a box, where it languished until Gene Bennett, his assistant, was moving things around, and the box fell apart. Bennett looked at the song and said she thought it looked interesting. Ram said it was rubbish, but Bennett put the sheet music on top of Ram's piano.

When Tony Williams saw it, he insisted on recording it, but that initial recording seemed to confirm Ram's assessment that the song was terrible. During this period, the band were also recording tracks backing Linda Hayes, and indeed there was also a brother-sister duet, credited to Linda Hayes and Tony Williams of the Platters. And when the clock strikes two is just me and you. Three o'clock, baby, we'll have a ball. Rock and rolling.

That ain't all we're going to. Ooh. Oochie patchy, ooh. Oachy patsy all the time. And again, Hayes was trying to jump on bandwagons, recording an Annie song with the platters on backing vocals, in the hope of getting some of the money. that was going to Hank Ballard and Etta James.

But none of those records sold at all, and despite Ram's best effort, it looked like the platters were simply not going to be having any recording success any time soon. Federal dropped them, as it looked likely they were going to do nothing. But then the group got very lucky. Buck Ram became the manager of the Penguins, another group that had formed out of the primal soup of singers around L.A.

The Penguins had just had what turned out to be their only big hit, with Earth Angel, and Mercury Records were eager to sign them. Ram agreed to the deal but only on the condition that Mercury signed the Platters as well. Once they were signed, Ram largely gave up on the Penguins, who

never had any further success. They'd served his purpose and got the group he really cared about signed to a major label. There was a six-month break between the last session the Platters did for Federal and the first they did for

Mercury. During that time there was only one session as backing vocalists for Joe Houston. But they spent that six months practicing and when they got into the studio to record for Mercury, they suddenly sounded good. Everything had fallen into place. They were now a slick, professional group. They'd even got good enough that they could incorporate mistakes when they worked. On an early take, Williams' is voice cracked on the word only, and he apologised to Ram, who said, No, it sounded good, use it. And only you became one of those songs that defines an era.

More than any of the doo-wop songs we've covered previously, it's the epitome of 1950s smooth balladry. It was a massive hit. It spent 30 weeks on the R&B charts, seven of them at number one. and 22 weeks on the pop charts, peaking at number five. Federal Rush released the awful original recording to cash in, and Ram and Mercury took them to court, which eventually ruled in favour of Federal being allowed to put out their version,

but the judge also said that that decision might well turn out to be more harmful to Federal than to Mercury. The Federal version didn't chart. The follow-up to Only You, also by Ram was even bigger. And this started a whole string of hit. The Magic Touch, Twilight Time, Smoke gets in your eyes. Most of these weren't quite as long-lasting as their first two massive hits, but they were regulars at the top of the pop chart.

The platters were in many ways. the 1950s equivalent to the ink spots, and while they started off marketed as a rock and roll group, they soon transitioned into the more lucrative adult market, recording albums of standards. But having emulated the ink spots in their biggest hits, the platters also, sadly, emulated the ink spots in the way they fell apart. Unfortunately, the only book I've been able to find

that talks about the platters in any depth is written by someone working for book RAMS organisation and so it has a very particular biased take on the legal disputes that followed for the next 60 years. I've tried to counter this by at least skimming some of the court documents that are available online, but it's not really possible to get an accurate sense, either from court filings from 2011 or the mid-80s

or from a self-published and self-defensive book from 2015, what actually happened between the Five Platters, Ram, and Ram's assistant Gene Bennett, back in the late 1950s. What everyone seems to agree on, though, is that soon after the Platters were signed to Mercury, a corporation was set up, five Platters Inc, which was controlled by Book Ram and had all the members of the Platters as shareholders.

The Platters, at the time, assigned any rights they had to the band's name to this corporation. But then, in 1959, Tony Williams, who had always wanted a solo career, decided he wanted to pursue one more vigorously. He was going to leave the group, and he put out a solo album. Indeed, it seems to have been Book Ram's plan from the very start. to get Williams to be a solo artist while keeping the platters as a hit group. He tried to find a replacement for Williams as early as 1956, although that didn't work out. For a while, Williams continued in the platters while they looked for a replacement,

but his solo career didn't go wonderfully at first. He wasn't helped by all four of the male platters being arrested, allegedly as customers of sex workers, but in fact because they were sharing their hotel room with white women. All charges against everyone involved were later dropped, but this meant that it probably wasn't the best time for Williams to be starting a solo career. But by 1961, Williams had managed to extricate himself from the platters

and had been replaced by a young singer called Sunny Turner, who could sound a little like Williams. The record company was so convinced that Williams was the important one in the Platters, though, that on many of their recordings for the next year or two, Mercury would take completed recordings by the new Platters' line-up and overdub new lead vocals from Williams. But one at a time the band members left, following Williams. And as each member left, they sold their shares in five Platters, Inc, to book Ram or to one of Ram's companies.

By 1969, Herb Reed was the only member of the classic line-up still in the group, and then he left a group too, and Buck Ram and his companies continued potting out groups with no original members as the Platters. Now this doesn't mean that the real members stopped touring as the Platters. After David Lynch left in 1967, for example, he formed a group called The I original platters, and got both Zola Taylor and Paul Roby into the group. Tony Williams, Herb Reed, and Sonny Turner all also formed their own groups which toured under the platter's name, competing with the official book Ram Platters.

There followed 40 years of litigation between Ram's companies and various Platters members, and the judgments went both ways, to the point that I can't make accurate judgments from the case documents I've been able to find online. As best as I can understand it, there was a court ruling back in 1974 that the whole purpose of Five Platter's Inc had been to illegally deprive the band members of their ownership in the band name,

that it was a sham corporation and that Buck Ram had illegally benefited from an unfair bargaining position. Shortly after that, it was ruled that FBI, trademark in the platter's name was void. But then there were other cases which went the other way, and five platters-ink insisted that the band members had mostly left because they were alcoholics who didn't want to tour anymore, and that they'd given up their rights to the band

name of their own free will. Meanwhile, over a hundred fake platters groups, with no original members went out on the road at various points. There have been almost as many fake platters as they have fake ink spots. The band name issues were finally resolved in 2011. By that point Book Ram was long dead, as were all the members of the classic platters line up except Herb Reed. A judge finally ruled that Herb Reed had the rights to the name, and that Five Platter's Inc had never owned the name. Just before that ruling, Five Platters Inc, which was now run by Gene Bennett, announced that they were going to retire the name. Herb Reed died in 2012, shortly afterwards, though the company he licensed the name to still licenses a band to tour as the Platters.

Gainel Hodge, however, is still alive, the last surviving member of the original Platters, and he still performs with his own Platters group, performing songs the Platter's recorded after he left. His website hasn't been updated since 2005, but at the time, its most recent news flash was that he had co-written this song, with Dr John for Shamikia Copeland. Gainel Hodge was a major figure in the California music industry. He'll be turning up in all sorts of odd places in future episodes, as he was involved in a lot of very important records. And we'll definitely be seeing more of both Richard Berry and Cornell Gunter later as well.

And meanwhile, somewhere out there are multiple groups of people who've never met anyone who sang on only you, singing that song right now and calling themselves the platters. A history of rock music and 500 songs is written, produced and performed by Andrew Hickey. Visit 500Songs.com, that's 500Songs.com,

to see transcriptions, liner notes, and links to other materials, including a mixed cloud stream of all songs excerpted in this episode. A history of rock music and 500 songs is supported by the backers on my Patreon. Visit patreon.com slash Andrew Hickey to support it. Patreon backers also get early access to my books and also support my blog and my other podcasts. If you've enjoyed this episode, please by all means subscribe in iTunes or your favourite podcast app and rate it,

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