A History of Rock Music in 500 Songs - Episode 51: “Matchbox” by Carl Perkins

Episode Date: October 7, 2019

Episode fifty-one of A History of Rock Music in Five Hundred Songs looks at “Matchbox” by Carl Perkins, and at the session that turned into the historic Million Dollar Quartet jam session. Click the full post to read liner notes, links to more information, and a transcript of the episode. Patreon backers also have a ten-minute bonus episode available, on “Blue Yodel #9” by Jimmie Rodgers. (more…)

A History of Rock Music in 500 songs by Andrew Hockey Episode 51 Matchbox by Carl Perkins We're coming to the end of 1956 and with it the end of the first wave of rockabilly As we've discussed before By December 1956 Only Elvis was left standing as a white rock and roll star from the first wave.

Carl Perkins, Gene Vincent and Bill Haley had stopped having hits, and Johnny Cash had started to be promoted as a country singer, rather than a rock and roller. But just because someone has stopped having hits doesn't mean they've stopped making good music. And that was certainly the case for Carl Perkins, who spent the rest of 1956 making records that were every bit as good as his one hit, Blue Suede Shoes. After Bop in the Blues, the song's unsuccessful follow-up, he released Dixie Freide. Now, Dan was a bravest man that we ever saw.

He let us all know he wouldn't sked of the law. And through the black cross bar, he tossed a note to his dish. but that ain't my fault hun that i'm in here but rave on pull on i'm with you rave on cat she cried song was blonde and dixie pride but that was no more successful Perkins was increasingly dissatisfied with the way sam phillips was promoting his work

and like johnny cash was strongly considering moving to another label But on December 4, 1956, Perkins was still working for some, and so he was in the studio with his brothers, recording another single that was destined to do very little. The A-side, Your True Love, charted, but not very high. It went to number 13 on the country charts, and only number 67 on the pop charts. It was a decent country record, but not much more than that. The B-side, though, was more interesting. Matchbox was a song that came from an idea

Carl had been given by his father. His father had been sitting around in the session, watching his son's play, and remembered an old song he used to like, with the line, Sitting here wondering, Will a matchbox hold my clothes? got no matches, but I've got a long way to go. Carl had never heard the song before,

and he wasn't particularly impressed by the line his dad sang. He thought the line made no sense. His dad also couldn't remember any of the rest of the song, but Carl took that line and built a new song around it. Given Carl's father's musical tastes, it's likely that the record he was remembering was matchbox blues by Roy Newman and his boys. That's a country That's a small That's a country That's a country cover

That's box hole My clothes Say you know I ain't got so many matches Lord I got so full to go That's a country cover Of an old blues song By Blind Lemon Jefferson Well match my soul

I'm going That was, in turn, inspired by this, from Mar Rainey. In a coincidence, which once again shows how interconnected the different musicians were looking at are. Jefferson's song also contained the line, Brown Cross Town, going to be my teddy bear, put a string on me, I'll follow you everywhere. A line which may well have inspired this song. with a very different feel, recorded by Perkins' ex-label mate, Elvis Presley. But by Perkins's own account,

he never heard the original matchbox blues and was just going from his dad's description. And certainly, after the chorus, the song diverges totally from Jefferson's song. Instead, he uses floating lyrics that one can find in all sorts of other blues songs. For example, the verse starting, I'm a poor boy and I'm a long way from home, comes from the old traditional blues song,

usually called, unsurprisingly, poor boy long way from home. Matchbox shows all the signs of having been put together in the studio, largely improvised, as most of Perkins's songs were. You might remember from the episode on Blue Suede Shoes that most of his records were at least semi-improvised, and interviews backed this up. It was a throwaway B-side, and Perkins was a throw-away B-side, and Perkins was. just making anything up to fill out a couple of minutes of vinyl. But in this case, the song, while it's credited to Carl Perkins, probably deserves at least one more co-author credit. Because

the way Perkins told the story, Perkins didn't come up with the music. Somebody else did. That someone else, surprisingly, wasn't one of the Perkins Brothers band, while Jay, Clayton, and Fluke Holland were all there, present and accounted for. There was a fifth musician at the session. Jerry Lee Lewis was a new piano player, who had been discovered by Sam Phillips' assistant, Cowboy Jack Clement, the previous month. He'd cut his first record for Sun a couple of weeks earlier,

and it had been released three days before this session. We'll be talking more about how Jerry Lee started with Sun and his own early recordings in a few weeks' time. But right now, he wasn't there in his capacity as a performer, but he was just working as a session musician, trying to earn enough money to buy his parents some Christmas presents by sitting in on the session. Lewis was, by every account I've ever read,

one of the most musically fecund people who ever lived. He was a Louisiana piano player, like Fat Stomino, But his biggest influence was Moon Mulligan. But he'd absorbed everything, every piece of music he'd ever heard, and was desperate to show off and play for people, no matter what the song. And so when Carl Perkins started singing the lines from Matchbox Blues,

Jerry Lee immediately started playing a boogie piano part. The Perkins brothers fell in with what Lewis was playing, and the result, while Carl's singing lead, sounds exactly like a Jerry Lee Lewis record, at least up until the guitar solo. Because Perkins was hugely impressed by Lewis as a musician, but he was less impressed by him as a person, at least at first. He'd got Perkins' backup after they'd finished recording Your True Love,

when he'd said bluntly, that song ain't worth a damn. Perkins had also heard him showing off at the piano, singing his new record in a break, and he'd thought that Lewis had no originality. He could hear bits of himself, and bits of Elvis, and bits of Hank Williams,

but not a lot that was new. What Lewis was playing on this new record was great, but Perkins wasn't going to let the new kid show him up, and he decided to up his game as a guitar player playing a hard-driving riff on the bass strings of his guitar while he was singing, but really letting rip on the guitar solos, which he played on the top three strings on his guitar. As he later said, I took some of my best guitar breaks on that song.

Triple string is what I was doing, playing all three strings at the same time with a pick, which is usually done finger-style. But fooling around and practicing, I knew it would work, and that was the time to try it, because I was shooting at Jerry Lee's head. It was never rehearsed. And the reason Perkins took two solos is because he could tell that Jerry Lee Lewis really wanted to show him exactly what he could do

and Carl Perkins wasn't going to let him. As he said later, I thought, No, you smart Alec, I'm going to play both breaks on this guitar. Next time I'm going to try to burn the neck off of it. I knew he was itching for me to holler, get it, Jerry. I kind of wished I had of. I'd like to have seen what he would have done, because he was hot that day.

He was going after it. I let myself get in the way of probably a phenomenal piano break. He would have shown me how to play a piano. So the world probably missed the greatest piano break Jerry Lee would have ever taken. But the result was, still, again. extraordinary, the absolute ultimate definition of rockabilly, with two huge musical egos pushing each other to greater heights. Who knows what would have happened had it not been buried on the B-side to Your True Love? Because Jerry Lee was right. I wouldn't go so far as to say

your true love is not worth a damn, like he said. But I definitely don't think it's worth a millionth of Matchbox, and certainly the fact that Matchbox went on to become a rock and roll standard once the Beatles unearthed it and brought it to prominence, seems to suggest that it could have been a bigger hit. But either way, everyone was happy with the second take of the song, and they were listening back to it when Elvis Presley walked into the room. Elvis had been driving past with a girlfriend, and had been able to tell that there was a session on that day, because, as Marian Kaiska later put it, it looked like a Cadillac showroom outside. So he popped in to see who was playing.

Carl Perkins was astonished to see Elvis there. While the two of them were friendly, he'd not seen Elvis in several months, and his appearance had changed considerably. Elvis was now dying his hair, which had previously been a light brown, a dark black black. His acne had cleared up so much that he was no longer keeping his collars up to avoid showing his neck. He'd gone from being a spotty, shy adolescent to being a major sex symbol. Elvis went over and started noodling on the piano. This immediately caused Jerry Lee to start showing off. He went over to Elvis and said, I didn't know you could play. Elvis responded, I can't.

At which point Jerry Lee said, Well then, why don't you let me sit down? Elvis just replied, Well, I'd like to try, and carried on noodling. At this point, Elvis had largely dismissed Jerry Lee Lewis. Elvis was not himself, an arrogant person, and he detested those who were, and Jerry Lee clearly was one.

Sam Phillips invited Elvis into the control room to listen to Matchbox. And Elvis was duly impressed. And then everything changed as the session turned into a jam session. And it was a jam session that possibly involved a fourth person. Once was lost in sin, but Jesus took me in. Then a little light from heaven filled my soul. That he made my heart.

Well, just a little talk of my Jesus going to make it right. Every single account of what became known as the million-dollar quartet session disagrees as to how much, if at all, Johnny Cash participated in the proceedings. Cash always claimed he was the first there and the last to leave, that he'd turned up at the session before it had even started, because he'd wanted to watch his friends make their latest record, and he stayed through the whole jam session afterwards. Other accounts have Cash turning up partway through the session in order to pick up a royalty check that Sam Phillips had for him, singing a couple of songs with the others before the tape machine started running, but having to go off and do some Christmas shopping before everything really got going. And yet other accounts have Sam Phillips realising that he had a good opportunity for publicity here,

calling Cash, who was, at the time, by far the biggest, act on Sun Records, at the same time he called journalists and photographers, and Cash just turning up for a photo and then immediately leaving again. Whatever the truth, it's definitely not easy to hear Cash on the tapes of the jam session, which finally got released in the 1980s. It was recorded on a single microphone. Phillips just started recording after they'd already started jamming, realizing he may never have another chance to record these people together. And Cash always said that he was there, just the furthest from the microphone, and that he was singing in a higher register than normal

because he was trying to sing in the keys that were comfortable for the other three. Either way, the legendary Million Dollar Quartet recordings are completely dominated by Elvis Presley and Jerry Lee Lewis, with Carl Perkins a distant third. When they start out, there are other musicians. Carl Perkins's backing band play on the early tracks before giving up. But the majority of the recording consists of Elvis on acoustic guitar or piano, Jerry Lee on piano when Elvis isn't playing it,

and they're all singing together, with Elvis or Jerry Lee taking most of the lead vocals. Various other people join in at different points, But what this real is is, is two immense talents, both trying to size each other up, outdo each other, and also at the same time share in their joy at making music together. The interesting thing about the music they play is how little little of it is, is how little of it is actually rock and roll. There's some, of course.

They're all hugely impressed with Chuck Berry's Brown-eyed handsome man and have several goes at playing it. And they talk about too much monkey business, though Elvis was less impressed by that one than brown-eyed handsome man. Elvis also sings a single line of Little Richards' Rip It Up, but otherwise what they're playing is either pure country music or what's euphemistically called Southern Gospel. The gospel music performed primarily by white people from the deep south,

rather than the gospel music primarily performed by black people. Both Elvis and Jerry Lee were brought up in the Assembly of God, a Pentecostal Holy Roller Church, which we'll talk more about when we get to an episode on Jerry Lee himself. But that meant they shared even more of a religious culture than they did with Cash or Perkins, both of whom were deeply religious men, but neither of whom were brought up in that particular tradition. Most interesting is their take on Jesus' walk that Lonesome Valley, which unfortunately includes a verse about John the Baptist that could be interpreted

as mildly anti-Semitic. I'm not going to include that line in here, and it is very mild anti-Semitism at worst, not hate speech or anything, but I thought I'd flag that for anyone going to listen to the mix cloud after hearing this, as in the current political climate, people might not want to hear that without a warning. However, that aside, the track is interesting, as even though it's a call and response song and starts with Elvis taking the lead and Jerry Lee doing the responses, By the first verse, Jerry Lee has already taken over the lead and left Elvis echoing him, rather than vice versa. You can hear there exactly how this friendly rivalry was already working.

Remember at this time, Jerry Lee Lewis was nobody at all, someone who had one single out which had been out a matter of days. But here he is, duetting, with the King of Rock and Roll, and seeing himself as the person who should naturally be taking the lead. When we get to Jerry Lee's work in a few weeks' time, you'll see just how completely in character this is. It was also completely in character for Elvis, at least at this time, to defer to another musician, even though he was the biggest star around. One of the most fascinating elements of the million-dollar quartet session is Elvis talking of his experience in

Las Vegas, watching Billy Ward and the Dominoes sing Elvis's own hit, Don't Be Cruel. He said, at his feet turned in like this, and all the time we're saying, him was going in and out, both ways sliding like it. He says, hey, you know why can't be found? He says, please, please, a telephone. Don't be close. The Yankee singer he's talking about there, who he's so convinced did the song better than he did, was Jackie Wilson, who was at the time the lead singer for the Domino's, before striking out as a solo singer.

You can hear just how influenced Elvis was by Wilson's performance, and that Yankee pronunciation, Telephone, that he makes fun of, by listening to his performance of the song on the Ed Sullivan Show a few weeks later, where he pronounces the word the same way. It's worth seeking out the video of that, if you're not someone who has objections to using YouTube, as just seeing the expression on Elvis's face when he sings that line is priceless.

But listening to him talk about Jackie Wilson's performance, he keeps talking about how much better Wilson did the song, and the others keep insisting that he couldn't have been that much better than Elvis, but Elvis insists. For the first part of the session, Elvis is on the piano, and while he claimed to not be able to play, he actually does a perfectly decent job. But when Jerry Lee Lewis took over the piano,

things would kick up a notch, as Lewis was desperate to show off. Well, when the sun refuse to shine, well, when the sun refuse to shine, oh, Lord, I want to say, and when the same, go marching in. And when Elvice took over the jam session, Oh, Lord, I won't be in that number. And when Elvis was called into the control room again, towards the end of the jam session,

Jerry Lee took over completely, just playing by himself and showing off what he could do. The last few songs in the jam session are essentially Lewis playing by himself, singing Crazy Arms, and Gene Autries, You're the only star in My Blue Heaven, and playing the old Jelly Roll Morton piano piece, Black Bottom Stomp.

Right at the end we hear Elvis leaving, and him saying goodbye to someone called Johnny, which suggests that Cash was right when he said that he was there all along. The Million Dollar Quartet session might well have been the making of Jerry Lee Lewis, even though the recordings weren't released until decades later. Sam Phillips took the opportunity to publicise his stars far and wide,

and that publicity placed the four of them on the same level. Jerry Lee, by virtue of being at the session, was an equal with Elvis, Carl Perkins and Johnny Cash. The Million Dollar Quartet Tape isn't great music except at odd moments. It's an interesting historical document rather than anything else. But those odd moments when it does become great are frankly electrifying, as a group of musicians at the height of their powers just play for each other for the sheer pleasure of playing. To me, the very best moment in the whole session comes near the end,

when Elvis plays a solo version of That's When Your Heartaches Begin, the Ink Spot song he had performed three years earlier when he had first walked into that studio to record himself for his mother. Hearing how much his voice had matured and how much his performance had improved in the three years between his first and last recordings in that Memphis studio

since shivers down my spine. There were a couple of attempts and million-dollar quartet reunions over the years, as the session became legendary among rockabilly fans. None, however, featured the quartet's full lineup, as they happened after Elvis's death. The first, and the one that was more in the spirit of the original sessions, was a live performance released as The Survivors, when on April 23rd, 1981, Perkins and Lewis joined Cash on stage in Stuttgart for an impromptu performance. All three of them ran through their biggest hits. But again, a substantial proportion of the show was taken up with the old gospel and country songs they

all knew, with them trading off vocals on I'll fly away, I saw the light, will the circle be unbroken, and one song they performed at the earlier session, which they dedicated to Elvis, Peace in the Valley. Four years later, they would get together again for a studio album recorded at some studios, with Roy Orbison filling in for Elvis. Class of 55 has its moments, but isn't a highlight of any of those men's discographies. Early one morning it was drizzling rain, round the curve come the Memphis train, heard somebody holler and a million moan, the king is dead, but Lord he still ain't gone.

This is the point This is the point, though we're going to hear of them again When we talk about them again When we talk about Jerry Lee Lewis and other son artists Over the next few months They both moved increasingly towards country music and away from Rockabilly. December 4, 1956,

is as good a date as any then to nominate as the border between periods in rock and roll history. The last point at which rock and roll, rockabilly, gospel, and country music could all be considered as the same kind of thing before rock and roll became the dominant genre,

with artists like Jerry Lee Lewis who started their career after rock and roll was already. established the world of music had changed irreparably in the year since Elvis had last been in the Sun Studios and it was going to keep on changing a history of rock music and five hundred songs is brought to you by the generosity of my backers on Patreon each week Patreon backers will get a ten-minute bonus podcast.

This week's is on. Ain't Got No Home by Clarence Frogman Henry. Visit patreon.com slash Andrew Hickey to sign up for as little as a dollar a month. This podcast is written, narrated and produced by me, Andrew Hickey.

Visit 500Songs.com that's 5000-0-the-numbers.com. To read transcripts liner notes and get links to hear the full versions of songs excerpted here. If you've enjoyed the show and feel it's worth reviewing, please do leave a review on iTunes or wherever you get your podcasts, but more importantly, tell just one person that you like this episode. Word of mouth, more than any other form of promotion or reward, is how creative works get noticed

and sustain themselves. Thank you very much for listening.