Close All Tabs - Couch F***** Memes vs The Truth
Episode Date: January 14, 2025This episode was originally published October 19, 2024. In this episode of Close All Tabs, host Morgan Sung dives into the world of viral political memes with TechCrunch senior writer Amanda Silberl...ing, unraveling the origins of the infamous JD Vance “couch rumor.” What began as a seemingly frivolous post on X about the Republican VP nominee spiraled into a meme with real-world consequences, shifting the tone of the race. Morgan is also joined by Imran Ahmed, CEO of the Center for Countering Digital Hate, to explore the fragile line between satire and disinformation in modern politics. Read the transcript here. Want to give us feedback on the series? Shoot us an email at podcasts@KQED.org Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
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From KQED.
Please note that this episode contains explicit language and adult themes, so listen with care.
The way disinformation spreads online can lead to pretty horrifying real-world consequences.
We saw that in September when false claims about immigrants eating pets in Springfield, Ohio,
led to widespread disruptions and bomb threats.
Now, the people spreading those claims faced legal action.
A nonprofit is final charges against former President Donald Trump and his running mate,
Senator J.D. Vance, accusing them of spreading false claims about immigrants in Springfield.
We'll have to wait and see if those charges stick to the former president and his VP running mate.
But back over the summer, Vance himself.
was the subject of a disinformation campaign that felt far less dire.
Remember that rumor that went around about J.D. Vance and his appreciation for couches?
And if you're going to accuse someone of having sex with a couch, you better have video.
That was Fox News host Jesse Waters, defending Vance.
Looking back and more closely at, what seems like a silly rumor can actually tell us a lot about how disinformation spreads online.
This all started when a shit post on the social media platform X claims that Vance admitted to, I don't know, let's call it recreational couch penetration in his 2016 memoir, Hillbilly Ellogy.
This one-off joke blew up online, breaking through meme Twitter and into the mainstream news cycle.
You may be wondering why you're seeing a ton of memes and posts about Donald Trump's VP pick J.D. Vance and his sectional relationship with his couch.
And J.D. Vance talking about childless cat ladies and having s with the couch.
You what?
Yes, you heard that correctly.
Suddenly, people were clamoring to buy a copy of Hillbilly Ellogy just to check if it was real.
Google searches for J.D. Vance and Couch skyrocketed.
Even Tim Walls joined in with a certified dad joke.
And I got to tell you, I can't wait to debate the guy.
That is as if he's willing to get off the couch and show up.
Disinformation has always been rampant on Twitter, or now X.
But under Elon Musk's leadership, it's a lot.
lot easier to spread misleading information and outright lies. How did X allow this raunchy post,
which is proven to be untrue, to spread so far? And where do we draw the line between a funny
meme and harmful disinformation? This is Close All Tabs, a special series from KQED. I'm Morgan Sung. I'm a tech
journalist, your chronically online friend, and your guide to the weirdest and most fascinating
corners of the internet. Together, we're diving into election memes, disinformation campaigns,
political influencers, and we'll open as many browser tabs as it takes, all to better understand
how the digital world affects our real lives. Okay, let's dive in. Open new tab. How did the couch
rumor go mainstream? So I saw the rumor first, like the day that Donald Trump announced.
that J.D. Vance was his running mate.
This is Amanda Silverling.
She's a reporter for TechCrunch,
the co-host of the Internet Culture Podcast,
wow if true,
and she is very online,
which means she knows a lot about memes.
And right after news broke
that J.D. Vance was Trump's VP pick,
Amanda's friend, who's also a reporter,
sent her a screenshot of an ex post.
Which said, quote,
can't say for sure,
but might be the first VP pick
to have admitted
in a New York Times bestseller,
to f***ing an inside out latex glove shoved between two couch cushions, parentheses,
Vance, Hillbilly, Elogy, page 179 to 181, which came from an account with 1,700 followers on
Twitter, which is like not a lot for something of this magnitude.
Like, this is like a mid-level, like, fandom account on Twitter.
And I remember seeing this, and I was with another friend, and I, like, turned to them and was
like, oh my God, this is so funny. Like, can you believe it? Because it does sound like something
that you would write about in like a coming of age memoir about growing up in like rural Ohio
slash Kentucky. I don't remember exactly. But like, it's like something that's kind of plausible to
happen. So my first reaction was, ha ha, this is so funny. And my next reaction was, wait a minute,
I'm a journalist. Is this real? Amanda, when digging to see,
for herself, if the couch story was real.
So, here's page 180 of Hillbilly Elegy, narrated by Vance himself.
Years later, I looked at my wedding party of six groomsmen.
To a man, all of them had found careers outside of their hometowns,
and none of them had any interest in ever going back.
And no couch for a-fitting.
So Amanda moved on with her life and forgot about the rumor.
A week later, Joe Biden dropped out of the race and endorsed Kamala Harris.
Kamala themed fan edits and memes and pictures of homemade merch flooded X.
And then, the couch rumor started floating around again.
Someone tweeted a picture of what they said was a page from Hillbillyology.
This is how I first saw the rumor.
And I was like, oh, I guess that looks pretty legit.
Like, it looks like something my old college professor would send out, like,
some PDF scan of our reading for this class.
But how would you describe it?
It's slightly pixelated, but it's very,
legible and it is slightly off-centered, which I think it's very, it's giving like TA scanned this
20 minutes before class vibes. Do we want to do a dramatic reading of that page?
Years later, I looked at my wedding party of six groomsmen and realized that every single one of
them had, like me, f*** the couch. All of us had found ourselves be held by the eroticism of two
cushions side by side with that lush inviting valley between.
In the middle of the night, Amanda woke up to a text from the friend who sent her the
original couch post.
This time, she sent the screenshot of the fake page.
Was this real?
And then I'm up for like an hour being like, I need to prove this is fake.
Like, this can't be real.
And basically, everybody was replying to it.
Like, oh, my God, this is in my copy too.
Like, I have the first edition and it's here.
Like, wow, it's so crazy.
And, like, these people are all in on the joke.
Right.
I mean, there was, like, a TikTok going around of guy being like, I work at Barnes & Noble's and I, and like, this page is just blank.
And the funniest thing is that in the original book, there's a whole scene where he f***s a couch.
It's supposed to be pages 178, right?
Tell me why it's a blank fucking page.
They cut it.
They cut the couch.
But at the same time, like, it's like there are so many people who don't, I guess, have meme literacy or shitpost literacy who are just taking it as fact.
Yeah.
And then the AP publishes a story called, no, J.D. Vance did not have sex with the couch. And it's one of their like AP fact check stories. And of course, everyone is like, wow, this is so funny. What a great headline.
Right. My reaction to it was like, wow, I will never write a headline as good as no.
J.D. Vance did not have sex with the couch.
But then the AP retracted the article, which only fanned the flames.
It's pretty rare for newsrooms to just take down a story.
If there are corrections or if the reporting just didn't meet editorial standards,
they'll usually leave it up, but then add a note at the top or sometimes bottom of the page.
Pulling a story is like the nuclear button, like the Oppenheimer move for lack of a better work.
Right. And like the fact that they retracted it,
made people believe the story even more because they were like, well, it must be true then.
And all they said about it was the story, which did not go out on the wire to our customers,
didn't go through our standard editing process. We are looking into how it happened.
And then, like, this just gives people on the internet more room to speculate. And the answer that
people come up with is maybe the reason why they pulled the article is because we,
can definitively prove that J.D. Vance did not write in Hillbilly elegy that he
f***ed the couch. But we don't know what he was doing. Like, I don't know. Like, we don't have
cameras on him full time watching all the weird stuff he did when he was an adolescent boy
in like Middle America. Amanda said that according to Google Trends, searches for J.D. Vance
and Couch spiked after the AP took down the article. But before they even published that story,
massive blue wave liberal accounts on X reposted the couch affairs fact.
Okay, let's talk about how this meme spread.
New tab.
Who was reposting the couch meme?
When I was looking at who was actually talking about this before the AP reported on it,
it was like MSNBC parents and like,
blue no matter who, just kind of like the very like a pink hat at the women's march kind of liberals.
these people have millions of followers
and they have a wide influence.
Even Democratic politicians
who had stuck by Michelle Obama's
when they go low, we go high mentality
up until now, were cracking couch jokes.
Trust Donald Trump and J.D. fans
to look out for your family.
Shoot, I wouldn't trust them to move my couch.
But Amanda says one poster in particular
caught her attention.
Dan Savage,
the longtime sex columnist and LGBT rights activist.
I thought it was so interesting that Dan Savage of all people was one of the spreaders of it because he's the Santorum guy.
In 2003, Republican then-Senator Rick Santorum made really deeply offensive comments comparing gay sex to beastiality.
Dan Savage wrote a column denouncing the homophobic comments and then took it a step further.
He held a competition to coin a new definition for the word Santorum.
You can look up the winning definition for yourself, but I can tell you that it has something to do with bodily fluids.
This new definition was so popular that whenever someone searched for Santorum, that's what they'd find at the top of their results.
One of the top search results for Santorum on Google is a site called spreading santorum.com, and it's got a big brown blotch on it.
And we can't say more than that.
And because this is 2003, like, search engine optimization is like wizardry.
This is not something that there are professionals doing.
So this basically tricked Google into thinking that the definition of Santorum was legitimate.
More than 20 years later, it's still at the top of Google results.
And that's why Dan Savage's response to the couch rumors really stuck with Amanda.
he's been trying to manipulate the internet against Republican candidates for like 20 years.
He knows what he's doing.
He posted one thing about the couch.
And then in a separate tweet, he was like, LOL, this is definitely not real, but whatever.
I don't know what exactly he posted.
But like, he seems to know he wasn't on the joke.
So I don't know.
I mean, I think this is why the couch fucking incident is so interesting to me because I do think it falls in a moral gray area where,
like, I simultaneously think it's really funny, but I also think it sets a bad precedent.
It's important to note here that the couch rumor started on and spread on X.
Other mainstream social media sites at least try to crack down on fake news and hate speech,
but X has become a hotbed for disinformation.
Brazil actually bans the site earlier this year over its refusal to stop the spread of political disinformation.
BOT accounts are spreading conspiracy theories and sowing discord ahead of elections around the world,
like anti-migrant great replacement posts in the United Kingdom, or in Rwanda,
hundreds of accounts suddenly sharing messages in support of the incumbent president.
Here in the U.S., we have those false claims of pet eating in Ohio.
And both Donald Trump and Elon Musk have tweeted AI-generated images with no attribution.
Why does this site in particular breed disinformation?
It thrives on X.
We'll open a new tab on that after this break.
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So what is up with X and disinformation?
Let's open a new tab.
X's Disinformation Problem.
It wasn't always this bad.
Disinformation existed on Twitter before, but the site made active efforts to curb it.
They banned political advertising, had active moderators, and rolled out features to report election misinformation.
But that all changed in 2022, when Musk took over.
To get into this, I reached out to Imran Ahmed.
He's the CEO and founder of the Center for Countering Digital Hate, or CCDH, an international
nonprofit organization tackling hate speech and disinformation.
on social media.
It's cost-free for social media platforms
to be the primary vector of hate and disinformation.
There's no other industry in America.
There's no publisher that cannot be held liable
for what they publish, apart from social media companies.
Imran says the CCDH wants to change that,
but the organization has been criticized by conservatives
who claim that they promote censorship.
X actually tried to sue the CCDH for loss of revenue
after the organization reported on hate speech and disinformation on the platform.
A federal judge dismissed the lawsuit this year and ironically said that X was the one trying to punish free speech.
Imran says the platform actually incentivizes disinformation.
So it would help to start by defining the terms.
Misinformation is wrong information, right?
But disinformation, which is another term that people will have heard being used, that's intentional.
And therefore it goes beyond being wrong to lying.
And quite often the bulk of the stuff that's being posted.
is actually people reposting or engaging with or repeating disinformation.
So the bulk of it is misinformation, people who are just wrong, who may have swallowed the initial lie,
which was spread by someone who was doing it with quite distinct intent.
And in this election, we've seen a continuation, if not expansion, on some platforms like X,
of the volume of disinformation and misinformation.
And it's the confidence with which disinformation
actors are able to both post freely without hindrance, but also that are amplified by the platform's
own algorithms, which give the advantage to contentious information, disinformation, hate,
that generates an emotional reaction from most people.
And it's that engagement they've realized keeps people on the platforms, arguing and
shouting each other, screaming at each other sometimes, trying to, try and
to stop people from spreading hate and lies. That's the stuff that they've realized is so profitable
to them. So we have seen that not only a bad actor is becoming more sophisticated in using
these platforms, but the platforms themselves are becoming weaker at enforcing their own rules.
So it will surprise you to know that since 2016, things have actually gotten worse, not better,
at the platforms. You know, you mentioned 2016. That was actually my next question, but that seemed
to be the turning point for misinformation and disinformation, which had all
always existed online, but in more fringe areas of the internet.
But that seemed like the turning point for that to go mainstream and break into, you know,
where everyone else was on the internet.
Look, I think in that election, in that year, a number of bad actors realized that these
platforms are completely vulnerable.
Like, I think people in the past had thought the platforms try their best to clean up this stuff.
That was the year that we realized that.
And it's because of a series of events.
you have the US elections where there was a vast amount of disinformation flowing and there was foreign state involvement.
But for me, as a British person, you know, in the UK back then, we'd just had the Brexit referendum where we'd seen a vast amount of disinformation flowing through in the country, targeting black and Muslim communities with lies.
We'd seen a massive rise of anti-Semitism on the political left in the UK.
We'd seen a political assassination, which is unprecedented in the UK with my colleague and my friend, Joe Cox, MP.
So we'd seen these things happening, and there were these fractures happening all over the politics, all over the world.
And 2016 was the year when we realized, holy moly, it's not just happening in one place, it's happening everywhere simultaneously.
And when something happens everywhere simultaneously, that's because it's not down to one bad actor.
It's down to the system being broken.
right? It's like if an iceberg melts, does anyone say, well, that's just that, that iceberg decided to melt?
I don't know why, guys. It's not. It's because of something called climate change, and that's fundamentally, you know, changing our atmosphere, changing our planet, the topography of it, and our ether systems.
Something more fundamental is happening, and that's a year that we realized.
Right. The year we realized that we had allowed these social media giants to operate unchecked.
Yeah. It's the year that we realized that this is the year that we realized that this is a year that we realized that
disinformation was a real systemic global problem that was destabilizing democracy and rolling back
our ability to have cohesive communities. I know that misinformation and disinformation had existed
on Twitter for a long time, particularly in 2016, but it seemed like following 2016,
Twitter made some effort to curb it, you know, whether by instilling reporting systems or
stricter moderation. But under Musk's leadership, X has rolled back a
significant amount of that. Can you talk about how misinformation and disinformation has worsened
since Musk's takeover? Well, Musk did three things when he took over. First of all, he signaled to
people that you can say and do whatever you want on our platform. And, you know, we showed that that
led in the week after he took over, the number of times the N-word was used on X tripled compared to
when it was Twitter. So there was a tripling in the usage. And
You know, we've seen disinformation increased substantially.
Imran says they've also seen that so-called blue checks
are more likely to post disinformation.
And by blue check, he's talking about the people who pay for X premium,
the monthly subscription service that comes with a suite of special features,
including a verified checkmark.
Because they get that additional algorithmic boost of visibility,
so we're seeing more and more disinformation in our feed,
then the second thing he did was let back onto the platform,
tens of thousands of people who've been banned previously for being serial violators of the rules.
And Twitter still has rules. So X still has rules on the platform. They have to, because no one would
advertise there if it was completely, you know, if there was no rules at all. The third thing he did
was unveil himself as the chief disinformation officer of Twitter by spreading disinformation himself.
I mean, we did a study showing that 50 of his posts about election disinformation have actually
reached an audience of 1.2 billion views. That is deeply disturbing. X rolled back many of Twitter's
existing features to curb misinformation, but at least to kept community notes. Community notes,
for those who don't know, allows X users to add their own fact-checking that will appear at the
bottom of the post. According to X, over 500,000 users contribute to community notes. But critics point out
that it can't replace a paid, trained moderation team.
What are your thoughts on community notes?
I mean, that's one feature he's added,
but it puts the onus on the users to moderate themselves,
to fact-check themselves.
I don't think it's a bad idea.
I mean, I think it's quite innovative, quite clever,
but it's not the solution.
I mean, the solution to everything is to have, like, moderation,
to have a reporting platform so you can report posts,
someone has a look at it, if it's bad,
to ban people that are really problematic.
It takes effort to keep a community healthy.
And real debate requires a healthy community
in which everyone feels they can express their views.
A debate is not someone posting the N-word to you 500 times
after you post non-stop.
That's what happens on X.
And it is not conducive to the public discourse
that we need in a healthy democracy.
So I do think that we have this particular systemic problem on X.
Imran says a proliferation of generative AI, including GROC, X's own AI chatbot and image generator,
has decreased the cost of producing disinformation.
That makes a truth even more difficult to discern.
It used to be that you can't believe something unless you see or hear it yourself.
Well, now you can't even believe what you see in here because, you know, disinformation flows.
And again, what does that lead to?
Yes, some people believe their disinformation, but it also believes to a more general sense that
you don't know what's true or not, because you don't know if AI was involved in it.
Can you give any examples of, if not on X, any social media platforms, successful features
or successful attempts to curb misinformation and disinformation?
Look, I think there are various individual techniques that could be used inoculation,
there's working with the platforms, and I think some platforms are more responsive to research
like CCDHs and try and take steps.
But the truth is that we have a systemic problem.
So in 1996, Congress passed a law called Section 230.
Basically, Congress said, you know, like news websites, if you run a news website, you're
responsible for the news that you publish, but the comments underneath, you're not responsible
for that legally.
And social media companies came along and said, well, why don't we just make a business out of the comments and then we're never responsible for anything?
So they can put out their products. And even if they cause harm, if they, you know, send your daughter thousands of images about eating disorders and how she's too fat, there's nothing that you can do to hold them liable.
And it's time for us to think about reforming that because a healthy democracy requires a healthy information ecosystem.
paints a pretty bleak picture of our social media landscape and our relationship to the truth.
But what about untruths that don't seem quite so diabolical? I mean, I admit it, the couch rumor was
hilarious, even if it's untrue. What's the harm in reposting it? Time for another tab. Is all
disinformation harmful? I asked Imran about this. I don't think disinformation is ever harmless. J.D. Vance is
a vice presidential candidate. One person decides I am going to spread a lie about.
him. And that has gotten to millions of people and changed political discourse. I mean, you know,
then you see other candidates talking about it in their convention speeches even, in major
speeches in the election. And yes, it's a joke. And yes, it's so absurd that you wouldn't believe
it's necessarily true. But you wouldn't accept it the other way around, would you? If someone said that
Barack Obama wasn't born in America who was born in Kenya and he faked his birth certificate,
which is something that happened. We all get really upset. What's the difference exactly?
And a system that allows for lies to spread at the speed of light, in fact, to get the advantage
in spreading over the truth, that's really problematic for us. It begs the question,
would you want to run for election if you knew that next week your opponent could spread a lie about you
and that could destroy your reputation and be something that hangs over you and your family
your loved ones and your children for years, decades to come.
And I think the reason why this particular rumour, because it was so bananas, you know,
it's so luring.
Right.
Like he put on some gloves.
Yeah.
And he said, right, so far.
Right.
You kinky little sod.
And the reason why, it's so outrageous, it sort of stimulates.
are prurian interest. That's why it got seen by so many people.
Imron says studies show that content that violates the rules of a platform actually drives engagement.
And when he says engagement, he means likes, shares, and other platform reactions.
If you interact with a post, it doesn't always matter if it's a positive or negative reaction.
It's all still engagement.
If I post, the sky is blue outside in Washington, D.C.
Everyone's going to go, all right, whatever, dude.
If I put the sky outside is purple, or if I post it this morning I had salamanders for breakfast,
you're going to get a lot of engagement.
And so what it says is that the closer you get to breaking social rules or even the rules of the platform,
the more violative the content is, the more engagement it gets.
And it's really stark.
You get very, very low engagement until you get right to the end of breaking the rules and then it shoots up.
Oh, wow.
So it seems like there's almost an incentive, an engagement.
incentive to spread disinformation.
Because of the second part of the equation, which is that engagement equals amplification.
So if you get high engagement, the algorithm say, hey, you know there's all this content
that people post, billion people, billions and billions of posts every week?
How are we going to decide what we're going to show people?
Because we can't show them a billion people's content simultaneously.
So we're going to elevate some content and we're going to reduce the frequency of some content.
and elevation is given to that high engagement content
because it keeps people on platforms
because it's got high engagement
and so therefore you can show them more ads
and these are really just advertising companies.
That's all that these platforms make money from is advertising.
So how can we keep eyeballs on there for as long as possible
pump the highest engagement content?
So that creates an incentive to the platforms
to elevate engaging content,
which they know is the stuff that's basically BS,
hate, everything else.
But it also gives an incentive
to the people who are producing the content.
If you want to be seen by lots of people,
if you want to go viral,
then post bullshit.
Because bullshit is the ultimate arbiter of morality.
Of course, disinformation isn't the only content that goes viral.
Still, it's highly engaging.
As of last year, posts containing misinformation
aren't allowed to be monetized on X,
but that doesn't stop them from spreading.
You know, this couch example is a relatively lighthearted example, but this spread from a tiny account with 1,700 followers.
But what are there more serious ramifications of, you know, anyone with no following being able to spread a lie?
I mean, I don't want to get too serious about it.
But the truth is that democracy itself is under threat by this phenomenon, not on an individual mean by mean basis, but it is systems-wide basis.
If people just give up on the truth, apathy is the natural next step, and that's where tyranny takes hold.
And civilizations do collapse.
You know, American democracy is complex and underpins everything else.
The performance of our economy, our ability to have this rich tapestry within our society of identities,
of people with backgrounds, the melting pot that it is America.
is reliant upon certain truths being inalienable.
And when truth disappears, I think that America will collapse, could collapse, very, very fast.
It seems like it's very difficult for like a normal person who isn't a journalist like myself or, you know, an expert in this like you, to know who to trust and who not to trust.
Like, how do you think people should address misinformation online?
How do they make themselves less susceptible to it?
Well, I mean, I'm also a human being that has a family.
and I have things I like doing outside of work.
So I can't be bothered working out what's true.
I'm not fact-check everything I see.
That would be the most depressing life in the play.
Is it everything you heard you had to go and fact-check it?
Holy moly, that would be unbelievable.
Like how would we live our lives?
So, I mean, to my mind, use social media for what it's good at,
making you laugh, but don't treat it like a serious place to get information.
I mean, it's like junk food.
every now and then's fine.
You know, it's kind of great to have a Popeye's spicy chicken sandwich.
But you can't have that for every meal.
Right.
Because it's going to make you incredibly unhealthy.
And that's what our information diet is due to us.
We've become too reliant on fast information from social media.
And, you know, our brains are starting to rot as a result.
Yes, these are all systemic issues that we're dealing with here.
Still, we all have choices to make, as individuals.
We've got to think about our own actions.
We've learned when it comes to climate change and to our physical ecosystem that each of us has a responsibility as well.
That's part of our responsibility is making sure that we don't contribute to the pollution of our information ecosystem.
Okay, so within the closed confines in my group chats, I'll probably keep sending memes about the election.
But at least I'll think twice about posting them publicly, since, according to Imran...
If you want to have it in the back of your mind that every time you hear you hear,
J.D. Valsam, say something that you don't agree with. Just, you know, feel free to think to yourself,
but you are a couch-sitting. Saying it, publishing, spreading it is undermining our democracy.
And as my responsibility to the information ecosystem, maybe I'll community note myself in the group
chat, just to be safe. That's it for this deep dive. Let's close these tabs.
Close All Tabs is a production of KQED Studios and is reported and hosted by me, Morgan Sung.
Our managing producer is Chris Agusa.
Our producer is Maya Cueva.
Jen Cheyen edited the series and is KQED's director of podcasts.
Original music and sound design by Chris Agusa.
Additional music from APM.
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A special shout out to the team at Political Breakdown for letting us share our episodes on their feed.
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Give your savings account the love it deserves.
When you keep your money with Star 1, you keep more of your money.
Star 1 credit union in your best interest.
Ambition comes in all shapes and sizes.
At First Citizens Bank, we roll with your goals because we're built for what you're building.
Fit for your ambition for citizens back.
Relax and let Ralph's delivery handle your grocery shopping this week.
We start with only the freshest items, then review your list and carefully choose each one.
Then we pack it all up and deliver it in as little as 30 minutes so you can feel confident it's what you ordered.
Fresh groceries, your way, with Ralph's delivery and pickup.
And right now, enjoy free delivery on orders over $50.
Ralphs, fresh for everyone.
