FRANK LUCAS Ep. 6 | “American Gangster”
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00:53There were dark times ahead for Frank Lucas.He was no stranger to difficulty, but nothing like the pit he was approaching.He had been released from prison in 1981, after serving just six of a possible 70 yearsfor conspiracy to distribute heroin.His two sentences had been reduced because he cooperated with investigators and prosecutors,like Richie Roberts, to bring down crooked cops and other dealers.But when Frank was released, he was 51 years old.He had no marketable skills.
01:25Most of his criminal connections were dead or in prison.Two of his brothers were in prison for their roles in his heroin operation.His family was scattered.His wife Julie and their daughter Francine were spending most of their timePuerto Rico. Julie was Puerto Rican and she found safety with her family when Frank's worldfell apart. Frank's son, Frank Lucas Jr., was living in Las Vegas with famous boxer Joe Lewis. Frank hadtried to get the family back together, but that effort imploded when his hotel room had beenraided by the DEA. Frank had gone back to selling heroin on the streets as his only way to make
02:03money. And luckily for him, he didn't have any heroin on him when DEA agents kicked down hishotel room door. Now it was March of 1984. Frank was back on his own, and he met a mysterious womanat a bar who propelled him toward his rock bottom moment. The mysterious woman was Angelina Esperone.It sounded like there was a little bit of mutual flirtation happening as she started leading Frankdown a particular path. Esperon knew who he was, and she said he was an inspiration to people like her.She was in the drug game, too, but on a much smaller level. She wanted to increase her business,and she asked Frank for a small favor, nothing too heavy. She had a contact from Cuba, a guywho could help her source cocaine, but she wasn't used to making deals of that size, so she would
02:59need a guarantor. If Frank Lucas vouched for her, the deal would go much more.more smoothly. Frank tried to turn her down, but she was insistent, so insistent that he finallycaved. If it was just a meeting and a little chit-chat, what harm could it do? Frank wasn't buyinganything himself, unless maybe the right deal came along. Frank had been trying to set up a largeroperation in Las Vegas when the DEA had ruined his plan. It was nothing on the scale of hisprevious network, but it was bigger than buying and selling on the street. Frank had been trying toagreed to meet Angelina Esperon's Cuban contact.And as soon as he said yes, she set a meeting for that same day.
03:42That was March 5, 1984, and later in the day, Frank walked into a Sheridan hotel bar near LaGuardia Airport.Angelina Esperon was already there, and she was thrilled that he was doing her this favor.He told her it was nothing as they waited for the man from Cuba.When the man eventually arrived, Frank saw that he was a flamboyant drug runner.grinning and showing off. Frank didn't trust him. A guy like that, who was flashy and likedattention, that type of guy was trouble. Frank had seen it plenty of times before. Frank had beenthat guy and it had cost him dearly. At the hotel bar, as the three of them settled in to talkand have dinner, Frank should have listened to his instincts. From Black Barrel Media, this is
04:43Infamous America. I'm your host Chris Wimmer, and this season we're telling the story of Frank Lucas,one of the godfathers of crime in Harlem, New York,the man whose life was the inspiration for the film American Gangster.This is episode six, American Gangster.The Cuban contact offered to buy dinner, and Frank and Angelina accepted.At the table, Frank stayed pretty quiet while Angelina and the Cuban contact talked.Frank spoke up when he needed to do his part and vouch for Angelina's legitimacy,but other than that, he listened.
05:23Frank had no illusions about Angelina. He knew she was using him for her own ends. But for somethingrelatively easy like this job, he didn't mind so much. He enjoyed the company of an attractiveyoung woman, and it didn't matter if he wouldn't see her again after she started making realmoney with the Cuban deal, if she started making real money with the Cuban deal. Frank definitelydidn't trust the Cuban guy. But then the Cuban turned the conversation toward Frank. Beyond Angelina,as cocaine deal, the Cuban contact was interested in discussing heroin. He wanted to know the streetvalue of heroin because he had $12,000 which he was hoping to multiply. If the numbers sounded good,the Cuban would exchange the money with Frank for the right amount of heroin. Frank deflected
06:12and said he didn't carry heroin with him. The meeting ended soon afterward, and they agreed toreconvene later to discuss the details. At that point, all that had been brokered was a halfkilo of cocaine for Angelina and nothing for Frank. When the group split up, Frank invitedAngelina to his hotel room, but she declined by saying her brother would arrive shortly to pickher up. Frank was disappointed, but he didn't think much more about it. When Frank met the Cuban man again,Frank was willing to talk further about a possible heroin deal. Frank offered to sell an ounceof heroin for $25,000, and they negotiated from there. Frank assured the CubanCuban that the heroin was 35% pure, which was far stronger than the typical product on the
07:03street and could be cut multiple times to extend its lifespan. The Cuban man was impressed,and he asked if Frank knew a lot about making these kinds of deals. Frank answered, I'd do it365 days a year. Frank and the Cuban man parted on good terms, and Frank returned home. On the morningof March 19th, DEA agents and police officers,arrested Frank Lucas for conspiracy to purchase and distribute heroin and cocaine.Angelina Esperon had been an informant who set him up.Frank was deeply embarrassed.He was 54 years old and he was clearly no longer at the top of his game.
07:44Frank's case went to trial and Frank's lawyers tried to persuade the jurythat Frank was essentially an undercover agent who was actively informing on other drug dealers.That argument failed, of course, because they were,There was no documentation to prove that Frank was working for a law enforcement agency,and there were no agents who could testify to Frank's role as an informant.The jury found Frank guilty, and the judge sentenced him to seven years in federal prison.This time, there would be no deals with authorities.Frank spent the rest of the 1980s in prison, most of the time in Phoenix, Arizona.
08:22Visits from old friends helped him pass the days, but it was far different from his previousexperience when he was able to bribe the guards to allow him to have better food and all manner of luxuries.He heard news of his family from time to time.His wife and daughter were in Puerto Rico, and his son was going to college in Dallas, Texas.Frank was transferred to a prison in Dallas after a while, and his son made regular visits,which greatly bolstered Frank's spirits.When Frank was paroled in 1991, he stayed in Dallas with his son and under the close watch of a parole officer.Frank needed to check in with the parole officer once a week, and between check-ins, he needed
09:03to figure out a way to make money.He faced the same problem he had encountered a decade earlier when he was released in1981.How does someone who has only worked as a drug trafficker make an honest living?Frank's son offered to help, but Frank turned him down.He didn't want the young man to get involved in any of his businesses, even if they were perfectlylegitimate. Frank didn't want to stain his son's life any more than he already had. And Frank knew hehad no legitimate prospects at that moment. His only choice was to go back to the only thing he knew,
09:38the thing that had landed him in prison twice, the thing that would now lead him to rock bottom.The 2006 Chevrolet Equinox awarded the most dependable compact SUV in the U.S. by J.D. Poweris designed for your everyday. And with available all-wheel drive, you can handle your to-do list withtotal confidence. Start your build atChevrolet.ca. Details at J.D.power.com.Spotify, it's Jay Shetty.Are you one of those media strategypeople? Scrolling through spreadsheets,
10:07searching for an audience that paystwice as much attention to your adsthan they do on social?Let me introduce you to fans.And they're here with me on Spotify.Trust me, I know fans.They don't skip, they stayfor hours. They don't move on.
10:23They manifest.They're not a demographic group.They're fans.Spotify advertising. You're among fans.Frank wound up flying to New Jersey regularly without informing his parole officer.He justified the trips to himself by telling himself he was going to visit his mother,who still lived in New Jersey.He did see her, he stayed with her while he was there,
10:50but there was an ulterior motive to the trips.He worked with his few remaining contacts in the area to start selling heroin on the streets yet again.He didn't have the time or the resources to build an infrastructure, but he knew how to buy and sell,just like the old days when he was starting out in Harlem in the 1940s.But it wasn't the old days. It was the dark days, the rock bottom days.Frank Lucas was 61 years old. He was breaking parole in Texas to fly to New Jersey to stay in his mother's apartment.He didn't have a gang or his old high-quality product blue magic. He made just enough money to survive.by dealing to kids.
11:31Some of the only nice moments were when he returned to his mother's apartment in the evening,and the two of them watched professional wrestling together.In an attempt to maintain appearances, Frank regularly called his parole officer from his mother's phone to make his weekly check-in.In Frank's miserable state, it was one of those calls that pushed him over the edge.During a call with his parole officer, Frank understood how much he had been pushing his life.luck. The parole officer asked Frank to report to the office. Trying to buy time, Frank said thathe couldn't right now. When the officer asked if he was still in the state of Texas, Frank liedand said he was. He said he could come in the next morning, first thing. The parole officer
12:19didn't buy it. He needed Frank to come to the office now. Something in Frank snapped. He'd spentthe last several months feeling smaller than he ever had in his life, and the parole officer'sdemand sent him into a spiral. He cursed the man over the phone and said he wouldn't come in.If they wanted to see him, they'd have to catch him. He slammed the phone down. And with that,Frank Lucas was officially a fugitive. His time on the run, so to speak, didn't last long. He wasn'treally running, and he certainly wasn't hiding. On the night it ended, Frank and his mother watchedwrestling like they always did. At four in the morning, Frank awoke to someone knocking on the front door.He knew who it was.
13:03Only one category of person knocked on the door of a place that was harboring a criminal at 4 o'clock in the morning.Frank answered the door, and there stood a U.S. Marshal who said Frank was under arrest for parole violation.Frank didn't fight it.He let the Marshal in and went into his mother's room to tell her that he was going away again.The marshal drove Frank to the Metropolitan Correctional Center in Manhattan,where he would be held while a parole board determined his fate.With his record, Frank worried that the punishment would be bad.He waited in jail for weeks before the parole board finally scheduled the meeting.
13:40At the appointed time, guards escorted him into a room.Frank's two sisters were there to support him.They all waited until, as Frank described them,five or six elderly white women dressed in dainty suits and hats,walked in to pass judgment.Frank thought they looked more like they were going to a tea partythan a meeting to determine his future.One of Frank Lucas's genuine skills was making strangers like him.
14:07When he wanted, he could turn on the charm.In the room with the elderly ladies of the parole board,he came across as penitent and ashamed for his actions.By that time, he really was ashamed,but he still needed to use his charm to make sure he struck the right notes.Frank's sisters said they believed that if he was released,he would go care for their mother,and he would never break the law again.
14:29The parole board conferred for only one hour before making the decision.Frank Lucas would be given six months in jail, the minimum possible sentence.Frank heaved a sigh of relief.He could do another six months, one last stint in jail, and then he would go straight.He had no idea what he would do, but he knew what he wouldn't do.He was done with the drug business for good.In early 1992, Frank Lucas walked out of jail for the last time.He was approaching 62 years old, and he was finally done with illegal activities.
15:12He was committed to going straight, but he had no idea how he would make money to survive.By that time, his brothers Vernon and Larry were out of prison,and Larry was examining a business opportunity in a completely different field.Larry had a friend who was getting into the oil business,and the friend needed investors to help him import oil from Nigeria to Texas.It was perfectly legal,and Larry asked Frank to invest. Due to Frank's troubles with the law over the past decade,he had very little money of his own, but he started a fundraising effort to find other investors,
15:47and they actually made it work. To some extent, Frank Lucas, from North Carolina via Harlemwith multiple stops in state and federal prisons, was now a Texas oil man. It was modest compared tothe profits from heroin, but there was no risk of a federal agent appearing at his door tosearch his property and take him to jail. Even with the stability, Frank ended up leaving the oilbusiness after a few years, and he moved to Newark, New Jersey. All around Frank, during thoseyears of transition in the 1990s, there was a resurgent interest in mobsters and gangstersfrom previous eras. Like many trends, it was led by Hollywood. The iconic movie Goodfellas,released in 1990, started the trend. It was followed by popular films like New Jack City,
16:40Donnie Brasco, Casino, and a slew of others. Early in the year 2000, Mark Jacobson, a writerfor Village Voice and New York Magazine, was looking for stories in that vein, crime storiessaid in New York, and he received a tip from Nicholas Pellege, the guy who wrote Goodfellasand Casino. Pileggie said to Jacobson, if you want a good crime story, you should reach out toFrank Lucas. Jacobson had heard a story about a drug dealer who allegedly smuggled heroin into theU.S. in the coffins of dead soldiers, but he assumed it was made up. He was astonished to hearthat it may have been true. Jacobson decided to pursue the story, and he ended up contactingformer Essex County Prosecutor Richie Roberts. Against the odds, Richie and Frank had become friends,
17:28and Frank had hired Richie to do legal work over the past few years. Richie Roberts gavethe address of Frank's small apartment in Newark to Mark Jacobson. Jacobson knocked on Frank'sdoor, and Frank Lucas, then 70 years old, let him in. Jacobson was struck by how sparse the apartment was.The walls were bare, and the only pieces of furniture were a high-top table and chairs that must havebelonged to a bar in their past. Jacobson wanted to interview Frank, but Jacobson had to survivean interview by Frank first. Frank grilled Jacobson about the writer's knowledge of Harlem and hisexperience as a journalist. Jacobson passed the test, and Frank agreed to tell his life story.The result was a mammoth 20-page story titled The Return of Superfly in New York Magazine.
18:21The issue hit newsstands on August 14, 2000, and it introduced Frank Lucas to a general publicwho generally had never heard of the formerly high-flying, heroin-smuggling, chinchilla coat-wearing Harlem gangster.The public ate it up, and within a year, Hollywood producers wanted the story.According to Nicholas Pilegy, he took the idea to mega-producer Brian Grazer,and Pellegi took Frank Lucas along to help sell the story.Grazer loved the idea, and he bought the rights to the article.According to Frank, Richie Roberts helped negotiate the deal.Frank already knew that it could be tough to make a movie after his failed experiment with a film called the rip-off in the early 1970s.
19:05He had contributed money as a producer and he was also an actor, but the movie fell apart and never finished production.Now, nearly 40 years later, the same thing happened again.Director Antoine Foucault was about four weeks away from filming the first shot of a movie that was called at least at one time True Blue.But then it all fell apart.The film was supposed to be the big reunion between Fouqua and actor Denzel Washingtonafter they worked together on the movie Training Day in 2001.Training Day was an unexpectedly massive hit,and now it was three years later in 2004,
19:49and they were going to re-team for the story of Harlem gangster Frank Lucas.Producer Brian Grazer had spent nearly four years moving Frank's story through the Hollywood pipeline.There were multiple script.rewrites, and the budget kept growing until Universal Studios, which was supplying the money to makethe film, shut down the production. Four weeks before it was supposed to start shooting, the movie wasdead. Antoine Fouqua moved on to his next project, an action thriller with Mark Wahlbergcalled Shooter. Denzel Washington went on to do Inside Man and DejaVu, but producer Brian Grazerkept working to resurrect the story of Frank Lucas. Grazer was able to convince another
20:31director-actor duo to reunite for the second time.Director Ridley Scott and actor Russell Crow had taken the world by storm in the year 2000with their epic production Gladiator.In 2005, they filmed a small drama called A Good Year, and Brian Grazer brought them backtogether the following year to restart production on the Frank Lucas story.With a legendary director like Ridley Scott on board, Denzel Washington agreed to come backas Frank Lucas for the film that would be called American Gangster.The movie was an ensemble with a huge cast of recognizable actors, though it focused on two
21:13main storylines. The primary story was Frank Lucas, and the secondary story was Richie Roberts.The creative team behind the movie wanted to give the film the best chance of successby making it appeal to the largest possible audience, so they devoted more time to theRichie Roberts storyline than existed in real life. And they boosted the film.the friendship of the pair beyond its actual level. The movie was released in November 2007. Itwas a decent financial success and received mostly good reviews from viewers and critics.Curiously, Frank Lucas backed away from the big star-studded movie premiere. His car took him to thevenue and it circled the block multiple times, but ultimately he went home. Frank claimed
21:58later that he was overwhelmed by guilt that night, guilt that he had built fame andfortune off of a drug that had killed so many people. Richie Roberts and journalist Mark Jacobsonhad another theory. They thought Frank didn't go to the premiere because he was afraid someone wouldtake a shot at him. The film portrayed several events, like the infamous trip into the jungles ofThailand, which were loudly disputed by people around Frank. A few of those critics would make theirvoices heard shortly after the release of the movie. But to finish off the reunions which wereassociated with the film, there was a big one in 2007. That year, Mark Jacobson succeededin getting Frank Lucas and rival gangster Nikki Barnes to sit in the same room together for a
22:43follow-up article to Jacobson's story about Frank. Nikki Barnes had been released from prison in 1998,and when two old Harlem gangsters got back together, it was the first time they had spokenin more than 30 years. With the American gangster film, Frank Lucas's legend and legacy,were secure. As always happens, the great movie mind trick was successful. Even though viewers knewthey were watching a Hollywood movie and that it was a fictionalized and dramatized version of realevents, they allowed themselves to believe that they just watched a true story. Like all moviesthat are associated with a true story, there are elements of the film which are fairly accurateto real life, elements which are heavily exaggerated versions of the real events, and elements
23:33which are completely fictional. The added complication with American gangster was that no one knewthe true story. Frank Lucas was notoriously unreliable. He loved telling stories, and he loved to makehimself the hero of those stories. He had no problem embellishing or outright lying to makethe story help him in some way. So when the quote, true story was already a mystery, and then themovie pushed the envelope even further, there were lots of people who were not happy.Immediately after the film came out, a group of retired DEA agents sued the producers for implying that Frank's testimony led to the arrest of corrupt DEA agents.The lawsuit was unsuccessful.Ike Atkinson, the man whom Frank said was his primary heroin contact in Thailand, questioned many of the details in both the film and the article that inspired it.
24:31Atkinson said Frank bought heroin from the mafia like everyone else.He said Frank's reputation as the guy who came up with the idea of bypassing the middlemanto go straight to the Golden Triangle for heroin was nonsense.And Atkinson also cast severe doubt on the fantastical parts of Frank's story, such as the gunfightin the jungle while coming back from the poppy fields.A year after the movie was released, Atkinson's criticism was joined by Mamie Johnson, Bumpy Johnson'swidow.She was in her 90s, but she was still sharp, and she was dead.
25:05deeply offended by the way Frank Lucas had been talking about her husband.She said Frank mischaracterized his relationship with Bumpy,stealing details from the real relationship between Bumpy and Flash Walker,the young man whom Bumpy took under his wing.Frank had claimed to be Bumpy's right-hand man,but Mamy Johnson said Frank was just a country boy with delusions of grandeur who looked up to Bumpy.All of Frank's biographers agreed Frank was a good storyteller,but not a reliable truth-teller.
25:36The reality of Frank's story was obscured by exaggeration,tall tales, and boasting.Nobody really believed he smuggled heroin on Henry Kissinger's plane.He may not have smuggled heroin from Southeast Asia at all.He may have sourced it from the mafia like everyone else in Harlem.At the end of the day,all the stories from those eras came from people who had their own agendas.They're all a mix of truth, half-truth, and lies.
26:02But one thing has never changed.Frank Lucas made millions in the heroin trade.However he did it, he became one of the top gangsters in Harlem.On May 30, 2019, Frank Lucas passed away at the age of 88.His family and friends tried to make the funeral as impressive as possible.They reportedly commissioned a custom-made coffin styled like a Cadillac with the words Frank Lucas on the license plate.In a final touch of irony, nobody had the money to pay for it, because Frank Lucas died broke.So the funeral had to wait while they negotiated to receive the coffin from the man who made it.
26:43Eventually, they did get it, and Frank Lucas, American gangster, was buried in his Cadillac coffin.Next time on Infamous America, it's a three-episode miniseries, the final mini-series of the year.And I'm going to stay secretive about the topic because I want to try something new with the production.There are lots of things that have to come together in the right order,and I don't want to over promise and under-deliver.We'll be back in a couple weeks with that series.To binge all the episodes of a new season,and to listen to every episode of the podcast with no commercials,
27:33subscribe in Apple Podcasts,or sign up through the link in the show notesor on our website, blackbarrelmedia.com.Research for today's episode would not have been possiblewithout Mark Jacobson's article,The Return of Superfly, which is readily available,available online. Harlem Godfather by Mamie Johnson and Karen E. Quinones Miller. AndOriginal Gangster, the Real Life Story of one of America's most notorious drug lords by Frank
28:00Lucas and Aaliyah S. King. This series was researched and written by Robert Teamstra.Additional writing by me, Chris Wimmer. Original music by Rob Valier. Thanks for listening.
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