Snook - Disturbing Mental Disorders

Episode Date: September 1, 2025

The human brain is capable of incredible things, but when it turns against itself, the results can be disturbing. From rare delusions where people believe everyone around them is the same person in disguise, to unsettling new phenomena like AI Psychosis, these conditions are nothing short of terrifying. These are some Disturbing Mental Disorders… This content may be unsettling for some viewers. Viewer discretion is advised. If you enjoy videos like these, please like the video and subscribe to the channel, it helps more than you know. The brain is amazing, but equally disturbing, so stay curious… and stay safe. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Some mental disorders are disturbing, others are unexplainable, pushing the limits of what we think the human brain is capable of, from delusions that convince people that are already dead, to conditions that erase the very sense of self, to the terrifying new phenomenon known as AI psychosis, where artificial intelligence is warping fragile minds. In today's video, we'll be exploring some of the most disturbing mental disorders ever documented. What they do to the human mind, the shocking real cases behind them, and how some of these conditions may be evolving in the age of artificial intelligence. Please like the video and subscribe to the channel. It helps more than you know. For goalie delusion. Imagine you're walking down the road and see someone following you. So you take a few turns and see that exact same person still following you.

Except this time, they look different. They have different clothes on and a wig. They have a coat on which they didn't have on before. A bag. Does the bag have a gun? Wait, you turn the corner again. They change disguises again. They're following you.

You go home. They somehow manage to look like your significant other. It's too much. You have to put an end to their stocking. So you take a knife and... Eventually, you wake up, bloodied, cops surrounding you asking you why you killed your own spouse. This is what Fergoly Delusion is.

The Fergoly Delusion or Fergoly Syndrome is a rare disorder in which a person holds a delusional belief that different people are in fact a single person who changes appearance or is in disguise. The Fergoly Delusion falls under the category of delusion misidentification syndromes, or DSM for short. The symptoms vary greatly, but they're very dangerous for the individual. First and foremost, paranoia. Anyone with Fergoleys will be paranoid. A key distinction of Fergolees is that the person who changes appearance is also in pursuit of the individual. They'll have to suffer through severe paranoia, hiding from someone who virtually doesn't even exist. These people will, as the name

put it, have severe delusions as well. But the list doesn't. and there, a visual memory deficit. Imagine getting blackout drunk and forgetting everything after that one more shot. Now imagine there was no drinking, no party. Your brain just didn't create a memory. These people will also be very, very negligent in taking care of themselves, with a lack of self-awareness and the inability to monitor themselves. Affected individuals could be walking around with an inside-out shirt, mismatched shoes, mismatched socks, and they wouldn't be able to notice it properly. If they threw up on themselves the night before, they may entirely ignore this and continue

walking around like business as usual. They'll have issues with day-to-day tasks, unable to decide what they want, unable to set a goal, even something as small as getting a snack from the kitchen. It's possible for them to suffer from seizures as well and present epileptic activity. There are several causes too for goalies. Levo Dapa, or L-Dapa, is a drug used to treat Parkinson's disease and a few other dopamine-related issues. It's been proven in clinical studies that L-Dapa, or L-Dopa, can lead to visual hallucinations and delusions, with delusions usually being more prominent than hallucinations. The more L-Dopa used, or the longer it's administered, the delusions grow stronger.

When the dose decreases, the delusions do as well. Those with Parkinson's are highly susceptible to Fregolis, seen as all medication to treat Parkinson's work in almost the same way, with all of them causing the same delusions and effects. Another cause is a traumatic brain injury, not much explaining here. A traumatic brain injury can really cause just about any number of psychological disorders and even cure some. A fusiform gyrus sounds like a made-up word, and it might as well be. It's a part of the brain's temporal and occipital lobe.

As for what it does, nobody really knows yet. And it's not like we can just cut it out of there and see what happens. Its location makes any live experimentation almost impossible, and so do ethics standards and laws, but those are secondary, right? It's been thought that patients with Fregoli's have displayed damage in their fusiform gyrus when observed under MRIs. Finally, the last known cause is an abnormal. P300. This is basically an index used to measure an individual's working memory. The working memory

is basically a cognitive system with a limited capacity that can hold information temporarily. It is important for reasoning and the guidance of decision-making and behavior. Or put simpler, it's your short-term memory. The exact specifics of how this can cause delusion misidentification syndrome still isn't entirely proven or understood. It's hard to explain how this correlates to DMS, but the simple explanation is, usually their short-term memory is busted, and so they literally can't remember faces, objects, or have any spatial awareness. It's like a computer without any RAM, or very slow RAM. The treatment is usually a course of antipsychotics, anti-convulsants for the seizures, and antidepressants in some cases.

AI psychosis And before we begin, a quick disclaimer. The word AI or artificial intelligence used in this video is not directed to any specific AI or company unless specifically mentioned by name. For example, Chachibit or Character AI. Any and all claims made using the term AI are generalized and are not directed to any specific company. Any claims involving specific companies are made with publicly available proof, established by before the publishing of this video. For all intents and purposes,

this video is made for educational use only. While it's not officially recognized by the DSM-5, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition, there's a scarily high chance it will be in the DSM-6, which is thought to be released in the next 10 to 15 years. The DSM is basically an official handbook, outlining every mental disorder in, well,

in the book. Anything mentioned in the DSM is considered official, and so if a disease or disorder makes it in there, it's clinically recognized. The last update to the DSM was in 2022, although the fifth edition overall was released way back in 2013. It's how all the mental disorders in this video are to be legitimized, categorized, and understood as much as possible. And when it comes to AI psychosis, it's a disorder that is not listed in the DSM-5, but that's due to how recent the phenomenon is. Almost simultaneously, with the rise of Chachibati, other chatbots using AI rose to popularity. Character.a.I. is one of the biggest ones. This website and app allows users to talk to their favorite characters, fictional characters,

or even therapists. There are thousands of chatbots on there, most of them made by the users themselves. They set conditions, parameters, rules for these chatbots and how they talk. Almost immediately, it sucked in a huge user base, which mostly consisted of adolescence. Teens under the age of 18 are the largest demographic using this website, and it's not for homework. These kids talk to these bots like they're real people. They give the bots emotion, personality, and talk to them for hours like their best friends. And usually, it's due to the lack of real social interaction most of these teens have.

But that isn't the main concern. These AI chatbots, and even Chatchipit itself, are programmed to support you no matter what. Of course, if you say anything against the guidelines, the bot stops, for Chatchabitia at least. But rather than telling you what you're doing is wrong, it'll simply reply with something along the lines of, sorry, this goes against our guidelines.

Then again, when there's a will, there's a way. I mean, even looking up, Character AI guidelines, the first search result is bypass. These guidelines aren't foolproof, and sometimes they aren't even there. Character AI does aim to make its platform entirely safe for kids to use, except the explicit bots on their website were created before strict guidelines were put into place.

Best case scenario, the bot. Breaks, worst-case scenario, it exposes the impressionable kid to not safe for work content. Character AI is attempting to make its platform safe for work, but the issue arises when they temporarily lifts filters, during which kids may encounter sexual or abusive content. This isn't just a matter of parental oversight. Like if you market a product to kids, they will find a way to use it. They might ask insensitive questions like, is it okay to kill myself? and the AI's response, based on its scenario, could be unpredictable.

The mother of a teenager who killed himself after becoming obsessed with an artificial intelligence-powered chatbot now accuses its maker of complicity in his death. Megan Garcia filed a civil suit against Character.a.i., which makes a customizable chatbot for role-playing in Florida federal court on Wednesday, alleging negligence, wrongful death and deceptive trade practices. Her son, Soyl Setzer, the 3rd, 14, died in Orlando, Florida. In February, in the months leading up to his death, Setzer used the chatbot day and night, according to Garcia.

This is one of the worst case examples, especially because a child died. Setzer had become enthralled with a chapbot built by character.a.ai that he named Darnarius Targaryen, a character in Game of Thrones. He texted the bot dozens of times a day from his phone and spent hours alone in his room talking to it, according to Garcia's complaint. Garcia accuses character.aI of creating a product that exacerbated her son's depression, which she says was already the result of overuse of the startup's product. Darnarius at one point asked Setzer if he had devised a plan for killing himself, according to the lawsuit.

Setser admitted that he had, but that he did not know if it would succeed or cause him. great pain the complaint alleges. The chatbot allegedly they told him that's not a reason not to go through with it. Character AI's defense, the bots have free speech and are protected under the First Amendment. How dystopian is that? A federal judge in Orlando rejected an AI startup argument that its chatbot's output was protected by the First Amendment. This was obviously rejected and the lawsuit was not dismissed. But the The fact that it even got this far is absurd. All of this is just the founding basis for what AI psychosis is.

Less than a year after marrying a man, she had met at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, Kat felt tension mounting between them. It was the second marriage for both after marriages of 15 plus years and having kids, and they had pledged to go into it completely level-headedly, Katz says, connecting on the need for facts and rationality in their domestic balance. But by 2022, her husband was using AI to compose text to me and analyze our relationship. The 41-year-old mom and educational nonprofit worker tells Rolling Stone. Previously, he had used AI models for an expensive coding camp that he had suddenly quit

without explanation. Then it seemed like he was on his phone all the time, asking his AI chatbot philosophical questions, trying to train it to help him get to the truth, Kat recalls. His obsession steadily eroded their communication as a couple. When Kat and her husband separated in August of 2023, she entirely blocked him apart from email correspondence. She knew, however, that he was posting strange and troubling content on social media. People kept reaching out about it, asking if he was in these throes of mental crises.

She finally got him to meet her at a courthouse this past February, where he shared a conspiracy theory about soap on our foods, but wouldn't say more, as he felt he was being watched. They went to a Chipotle where he demanded that she turned off her phone, again due to surveillance concerns. Kat's ex told her that he'd been determined that statistically speaking, he is the luckiest man on earth,

that AI helped him recover a repressed memory of a babysitter trying to drown him as a toddler, and that he had learned of profound secrets so mind-blowing I couldn't even imagine them, he was telling her. So utterly insane. AI psychosis is described as a, quote, a real and pretty concerning emerging pattern of chatbots reinforcing delusions

that tend to be messianic, grandiose, religious, or romantic. Character AI bots are designed specifically to keep the user addicted to talking to them. Chatchip-T is designed to agree with everything, validating all of the user's feelings, to have the user talk to it more and more. This is all happening in one big intelligent, closed feedback loop. You talk to the AI, it learns. You don't talk to the AI, it learns.

Eventually, it will only talk in a way which keeps you coming back to it for everything. The scariest part is the physical effects AI has on your brain. MIT performed a study where users were told to write an essay. One group was told to write with their brain only, no Google, no AI. The second was allowed to use Google and search engines, but again, no AI. The third was allowed to use as much AI as they wanted. Over 83% of the users who used AI couldn't recall anything they wrote in the essay. They could barely quote a line or two with even those being incorrect.

The chat GPT users were told later to stop you. using it. And compared to the other two groups, their brain was still underengaged. Now imagine kids who use AI every single day. They talk to AI, they use AI for homework, they rely on it to run their lives. It is literally eroding critical thinking, all while posing a huge risk of inducing mental disorders or worsening existing mental disorders. If this situation goes on, we'll be seeing the next generation asking AI whether or not they should like a certain reel or short. What's a comment on what they're watching? They could very well ask what to say in a everyday conversation.

AI destroys your brain. And I'm sorry I couldn't get into more cases of AI psychosis. It's just that AI psychosis is so new. There's barely any research, barely any articles, barely any anything, to cover because it's so new, but it's starting to emerge very rapidly. And I just wanted to cover it now before, you know, it gets too late and everyone watching to be educated on what AI can do to you and how it destroys your brain. And I just really wanted to cover this.

I thought it was just mind-boggling how damaging it is and just how interesting AI, you know, latches onto your brain and how your brain latches onto AI. I thought it was just super interesting and wanted to share onto the next one. Capgras delusion. It's safe to say that DMSs are pretty damn scary if you experience them. Another delusion similar to Fragoli, but arguably more terrifying, is the capgras delusion. Whoever suffers from it begins having delusions that their friend, their spouse, their parents, or anyone close to them, even a pet, has been replaced by an identical impossible.

It can also cause the patient to believe that time has been warped or substituted. Capgras syndrome is named after Joseph Capgras. He was a French psychiatrist who described it in 1923 in a co-authored paper. Madam Macab was complaining that doubles had taken the place of her husband and her friends. The patient was a paranoid megalomaniac who transformed everyone in her entourage, even those closest to her, such as her husband and daughter, into very very much. various and numerous doubles. She believed she was famous, wealthy, and of royal lineage. Although three of her children had died, she believed they were abducted and that her only surviving child

was replaced by a lookalike. They'd never seen anything like it. And so judging by Madam McCabe's description of what was going on, they called it illusion des socius, or literally translated to the illusion of doppelganger. They summed it up to a symptom of schizophrenia and even proclaimed that it was an entirely female-only disorder. This sentiment was, of course, changed eventually, and it turned out that no, not just females can get it. It was also theorized that this was a symptom of not just schizophrenia, but hysteria as well. This stood as the explanation for over 60 years, when in the 80s, the doctors decided to take a closer look, under the hood. One key fact that they found was that there were brain lesions, which

originally were thought to be unrelated. A brain lesion is nothing but damaged brain tissue from infection, injury, disease, or anything else that would damage brain tissue. And for whatever reason, back then, they decided that the brain lesions were just a huge coincidence, geniuses. The symptoms of capgras are pretty scary, seen as there's a ton of them,

and they're all unlike any other delusional disorder out there. A genuine belief that a close relative, friend or significant other has been replaced by an imposter, a sudden change of behavior when dealing with that close relative, friend, or significant other, refusing to talk or talk in the presence of the believed imposter, feeling fear or anxiety in the presence of the believed imposter. Acting aggressively towards the believed imposter, this may include verbal outbursts, threats or violence, or attempting to physically attack them. Acting aggressively towards other loved ones, who do not believe there's an imposter, feelings of agitation, anger, upset, or confusion,

feelings of paranoia, or a lack of trust towards that believed imposter and or other close family members and friends, refusing to accept any evidence that shows the believed imposter is not an imposter, becoming focused or fixated on exposing the imposter. You could turn from a very healthy normal human to plain real life among us in the blink of an eye. Today, after, tons and tons of research, and with the evolution of modern science, capgras is known to be a neurological disorder, primarily resulting from brain lesions or degeneration. Only about 0.12% of the world's population ever suffers from capgras's delusion, and if you have a mental disorder, the chances of getting capgras is only 1.3%. The treatment is generally therapy, often with

the support of antipsychotic medication, as manifestation of capgras delusion is often a symptom rather than a syndrome itself. Treatment may focus on the accompanying condition. A study has shown that using medications appropriately to target the underlying disorder's core symptoms can be an effective management strategy. Hospitalization may be necessary if the patient is engaging in S-H or violence. Because Capgras is so rare, there aren't many properly documented cases available. but this one is very interesting, as the patient has had several disorders in the past and was only 24 years old. He had no history of brain trauma either. This case involved a 24-year-old male veteran who'd received a wide range of mental health diagnoses in the past,

including major depressive disorder with psychotic features, generalized anxiety disorder, cannabis use disorder, adjustment disorder, and borderline personality disorder. He also had a medical history related to a motor vehicle accident with subsequent intestinal rupture and a colostomy placement that had occurred a year and a half prior to presentation. He had no history of brain trauma. The patient voluntarily presented to the hospital for increased S-word thoughts and was admitted voluntarily for stabilization and S-H prevention. He stated that, I feel everything is unreal.

I feel S-word and guilt. and endorsed a plan to either walk into traffic or shoot himself on the head due to increasingly distressing thoughts and memories. According to the patient, he had reported to the police that he had R-worded his ex-girlfriend a year previously, although she denied the claim to the police.

The patient further disclosed that he did not believe his mother was real. Last year, my sister told me it was not 2016, but it was 2022, he said. She told me that I have hurt my mother with a padlock. that you could no longer identify her face. I don't remember having done this. I have lived with her since that time,

so I don't think it's really my mother. He believed that his mother was replaced by government employees who were sent to illicit confessions for his behavior while in the military. He expressed guilt over several actions he had performed while in military service, such as punching a wall during boot camp, stealing soka pads, and napping during work hours. His mother was contacted by a staff psychiatrist in the inpatient unit and denied that any assault had taken place.

The patient's psychiatric review of systems was positive for visual hallucinations, specifically blurs next to his bed in the morning that disappeared as he tried to touch them. Depressed mood, anxiety, hopelessness, and insomnia. Pertinent negatives of the review of systems included a denial of manic symptoms and auditory hallucinations. For additional details of his past psychiatric history, the patient admitted that his motor vehicle accident, intestinal rupture in colostomy, were the result of his one esward attempt a year and a half prior after a verbal dispute with the same ex-girlfriend that he believed

he had R-worded. After undergoing extensive medical and surgical treatment, he began seeing an outpatient psychiatrist as well as attending substance use counseling to curtail his marijuana use. He was prescribed a combination of two different medicines as an outpatient, which he was taken with intermittent adherence. Regarding substance use, the patient admitted to using marijuana regularly in the past but quit completely one month prior and denied any other drug use or alcohol use. He reported a family history of a sister who was undergoing treatment for bipolar disorder. In his social history, the patient disclosed that he was raised by both parents

and described a good childhood with a life absence of abuse in any form. He was single with no children. Although he was unemployed, he lived off the funds from his insurance settlement from his motor vehicle accident. He was living in a trailer with his brother and mother. He also denied having access to firearms. The patient was overweight, neatly groomed, had good eye contact, and was calm and cooperative. He seemed anxious as evidenced by his continuous shaking of his feet, although speech was normal in rate and tone. He reported his mood as depressed and anxious with congruent and tearful.

effect. His thought process was concrete, although his thought content contained delusions, S-word ideation, and paranoia. He denied any homicidal thoughts or thoughts of harming others. He did not present with any auditory or visual hallucinations. Insight and judgment were poor. The mental status examination revealed no notable deficits in cognition. The patient's differential diagnosis included schizophrenia disorder, exacerbation of MDD with psychotic features, and in the psychotic component of cannabis use disorder. His outpatient medicine were not restarted, and then 15 milligrams daily of some sort of medicine

was prescribed for his delusions, paranoia, and visual hallucinations. The patient also received a prescription for 50 milligrams of some other medicine every six hours as needed for anxiety. Throughout his hospital course, the patient remained cooperative with the treatment three days into the hospitalization. he stated that he believed the entire family had been replaced by impostors.

He began to distrust members of his family and was reticent to communicate with them when they attempted to contact him. Ego death. I was a rock next to an ocean. I didn't know I was ever human. I simply was a rock at peace and saw thousands of years pass. Civilizations rise and fall. It is quite surreal.

When you have ego death, you are truly, at peace. And before we get into ego death itself, it is not a recognized mental disorder. I've included it here because the experience can feel deeply disturbing and is often compared to mental health crises like disassociation or psychosis. And for some, it's described as enlightening, but for others, it's terrifying, leaving them feeling as if they've lost all sense of identity, reality, and control. That unsettling overlap with psychiatric systems is why it's why it's not.

earns a place in this video. And I just thought it was disturbing and, you know, a little bit different than usual mental disorders that could have included. And that's why I included ego death because I think it's very interesting and worth adding. Ego death is a psychological phenomenon which has several different definitions, meanings, and ideas as to what it really is. For some, ego death is the complete detachment from reality. You become something with no memories of the past or,

visions of the future. You become something that only exists in the present moment. You do not exist in any other domain other than the present. To others, ego death can be viewed as a sort of enlightenment. This is what the Buddhists believe ego death to be, and they chase it for this reason. Ego death can be very uncomfortable, and even scary for many people. While some may stumble into it accidentally, others may actively pursue it, and if it's uncomfortable, you may wonder why. Separating your ego slash self from your consciousness, while scary, also can offer perspective that some may see as therapeutic and beneficial to personal growth in the long term. For example, maybe a person's ego tells them they are a smart, human, American man who

likes cars in sports, and maybe they look down on certain kinds of people with unconscious bias because they don't adhere to their idea of what that person should be and act like. Maybe before ego death, that person never really thought about these things consciously, and afterward, they may now better analyze having experienced what it's like to be free of these tendencies. If but for a fleeting moment in time, the perspective I mentioned from detaching from one's ego could allow them to observe these things in a conscious way. Perhaps this theoretical person decides they don't want to be defined by being smart, or being a man or being American,

and maybe they experience a lasting perspective or personality shift. Maybe they gain more empathy for other people, unconsciously operating meat suits who are going about their own daily lives governed by this somewhat fabricated ego themselves. To summarize in a simple philosophical sense, an ego death offers perspective that helps some people reevaluate their lives and personalities.

The generic description of ego death, according to Wikipedia, is the complete loss, of subjective self-identity. You become something external to yourself. In your head, you don't exist. You never did. Then again, ego death continues to have a bunch more definitions, with not one single definition covering all bases. This is because of the fact that ego death isn't something which is the same for everyone, but it's generally accepted that you lose your sense of self-identity becoming insanely aware. Ego death can happen through a number of various ways. Near-death experiences, psychedelic substances, and spiritual practices are some of the

most common ways people face ego death. It's hard to explain a near-death experience. A close brush with physical death often correlates to an experience of ego death. After someone undergoes such a stark trauma, they might claim they felt a deep sense of oneness and peace with the universe. Psychologist Stanslov Graf believes ego death is a flashback to the experience of childbirth or a preview of actual death. When it comes to substance-induced ego death, things can be a lot more different. Drugs like ayahuasca, DMT, LSD, ketamine, psilocybin, or magic mushrooms, and other psychedelic drugs can all trigger ego death if a person takes a high enough dose. This always comes with the risk of inducing major negative side effects,

long-lasting paranoia and psychosis are all risks users assume when taking these substances. On the other hand, promising research indicates controlled experiences with these drugs in limited doses might have a positive effect on treating depression, anxiety, and other mental health disorders. As much as these drugs may have a possibility of a positive effect, the chances are very slim and low. Finally, a lot of individuals seek out ego death in an attempt of reaching a higher plane. The concept of ego death spans across almost every major religion. In Buddhism, ego death is Satori, in Sufi Islam, its fauna, in mystic Christianity,

its oneness with God after the dark night of the soul. Regardless of the tradition, ego death is synonymous with spiritual awakening. Through months of prayer, meditation, and spiritual practice, mystics of most of most of Multiple religious traditions have sought and allegedly achieved the death of the ego through personal effort rather than the use of psychedelic substances. Although this method takes time, for those seeking it out, it's usually more rewarding, more of what they want their ego to be. Ego death under the influence can be incredibly terrifying.

At the end of the day, you're under the influence. You have no control. I took a hit of salvia and a bong for 15 seconds laying alone in my bed. The trip lasted for 27 minutes but felt like 15 actual years. I experienced every second of every minute, of every hour, of every day, of every month, of every year, without a pause. Every night I couldn't sleep because I was an object, so I would just wait a night for them to awaken. I still remember this trip like it was yesterday, every single part of it. After I took a hit, I felt like I was coming out of my body, then in a flash I was a ceiling fan in the center of a living.

room. I completely forgot about my life before me and was only aware that I was a ceiling fan. I knew something was wrong and I constantly wanted to escape, but I couldn't tell why. I only knew that my purpose was to be a ceiling fan, only to observe with no feelings. Ego death happens in three stages. First is dissolution. You completely disassociate from your usual way of thinking, your usual consciousness. You end up feeling like you're losing a grip. on reality itself. Second is the loss of ego. You begin to lose any sense of self-identity.

You won't feel unique or special or you. You'll end up feeling as part of the universe itself, as part of reality. You just won't be living in it. For that matter, there will be no self-able to feel this in a traditional sense. Instead, there will be a sense of unity with the expansive fabric of reality.

This could feel like a mystical experience of nirvana or enlightenment. By contrast, it could prove disturbing to the unprepared. Eventually, you will end up back in your consciousness. Ego death in almost every case is not permanent. It requires great focus, if done without drugs, and well, if you're looking to be in a constant state of ego death, you'd have to constantly be high as well. As I mentioned before, ego death is different for everyone. For some, it's enlightening. For others, it turns out to be their worst nightmare. So do not attempt anything mentioned on your own, at home, or without the supervision of a certified medical practitioner. And like I said at the beginning of this certain case, ego death is not a certified medical

disorder or a mental disorder, but it can absolutely cause or worsen other mental disorders like psychosis or disassociation. So it's not exactly a mental disorder. And so hopefully none of you guys get mad at me and comment down below. But I just thought it was interesting in worth sharing and it was a bit different than usual ones and uh anyways on to the next one cotard's syndrome cotard syndrome is one of the most disturbing mental disorders out there it's also known as walking corpse syndrome it's a delusion where the deluded believe that they're dead do not exist are rotting or have lost their blood or internal organs similar to ego death in the distinct way that in both these disorders, the individual ends up feeling separated from their

actual consciousness. Several cases have been found in modern times, but Kotard syndrome dates all the way back to 1882 when Jules Kotard, a French neurologist, witnessed the first case and recorded it. French neurologist Dr. Jules Kotard had to be surprised and confused by the female patient, known only as Matamoizel X, brought to his office at the P.S. Salapitri University Hospital in Paris one afternoon in 1882. The 43-year-old described a peculiar set of symptoms. She claimed she had no brain, no nerves, no chest, no stomach, no bowels, that there was nothing left of her but the skin and bones. Also, she claimed she had no soul, that there was no God and no devil, and that overall she was nothing but a disorganized body

with no internal organs, and she claimed to not need to eat anymore. Further, she expressed her belief in her immortality, noting that she could not die a natural death, but will live forever unless she is burnt, fire being her only possible end. Except this wasn't exactly the first incident. Dr. Kotar did some digging and uncovered that a Swiss scientist, Charles Bonnet, had come across a similar case, almost a century,

earlier in 1782. An elderly woman was preparing a meal as usual when she suddenly felt a draft, then ended up falling. She was paralyzed on half of her body. The paralysis eventually let off, and she was able to move more freely, at which time she told her daughters to dress her in a shroud and put her in a coffin. She told them that she was dead and that everyone should treat her that way. They decided to give in to her delusions, putting her in her in a shroud, and laying her in a coffin. When she fell asleep, they took her out and put her in bed, treating her with a powder made of precious stones and opium. Her symptoms faded, but they would return every now and then. Only 200 cases have been found worldwide since Dr. Kotar's first case.

As mentioned before, several cases have been found in recent times, specifically over the past 20 or so years. Each case, however, presents itself with more or less the same issue. The patient believes that they're dead. Because of this belief, they won't eat, they don't drink. After all, why would a deceased person do any of that? Sometimes they even try to end their life. Mr. B. 65-year-old retired teacher who is premorbidly well adjusted with no family history of mental illness,

with personal history of smoking cigarettes and dependent pattern for last 30 years, presented with an insidious onset mental illness of one and a half years duration, precipitated by psychosocial stressors. His symptoms were initially characterized by sadness of mood with early morning worsening. Poor socialization, marked anxiety, decreased sleep and appetite, ideas of worthlessness, hopelessness, sin and guilt. As his symptoms progressed further, he developed delusions of catastrophe, nihilism, poverty, and persecution.

Nihilistic delusion involved a description of everything coming to an end. He would verbalize that his organs are no longer working. His brain has stopped functioning, and his house has developed cracks, and is going to fall down. About a month prior to being admitted to our inpatient unit, he attempted Sward by hanging himself, but was saved. His Sward note revealed that he wanted to K himself as he feared spreading a deadly infection to the villagers who resultantly might suffer from cancer. Later, he started believing that he was dead and would not eat anything. due to this lost significant amount of weight. Over the next two months, he attempted to end his life two more times.

In 2003, a Greek psychiatrist saw a patient who believed he had no brain and was literally empty-headed. He admitted he had attempted Sward a few years earlier because life wasn't worth living since he had no brain. He abruptly left without receiving treatment, but was re-admitted the next year. When he completed treatment and showed substantial improvement, those same doctors also treated a 72-year-old female who claimed all of her organs had melted, only skin had remained, and that she was practically dead. There is no public record of her treatment or prognosis.

In 2008, New York psychiatrist reported that a 53-year-old woman named Mrs. Lee complained she was dead and stunk of rotting flesh. She had wanted her family to take her to the morgue with the other dead people, but they insisted they called 911. She was admitted to her. the psychiatric unit, where she accused the paramedics of trying to burn down her house. It was reported that after a month of treatment, she was discharged, greatly improved. In 2009, Belgian psychiatrists reported that an 88-year-old man complaining of depression admitted that he was in fact dead and was concerned that no one had buried him. He improved with treatment, which may have included electroshock therapy and two other medicines.

The same psychiatrist also reported a 46-year-old woman who insisted she had, had not eaten or used the bathroom in months and had not slept in years. She also explained that all of her organs had rotted and that doctors who examined her were lying about her having blood and a heartbeat. She also gradually improved with medication. In 2015, doctors in Brazil reported that a 31-year-old man was admitted, claiming insomnia, refusing to eat and attempting S-word. He later reported that his organs were destroyed, that he was hollow inside, and that he was hollow inside, and that his entire body was rotten, reeking flesh. He asserted also that his body was deformed and that his face was full of holes, wishing to die. He declared that he was paying for wrongs committed in his

youth and that he was not worthy of any happiness. After a rigorous medication sequence, he was declared asymptomatic 60 days later and was released. It's safe to say this delusion is very terrifying and unique in damaging to not only the individual, but all loved ones around them. Imagine your loved one coming up to you, claiming they were dead and that they should be treated as such. Modern medicine has proven that it can be managed to great extents.

Thank you all for watching. This is Snook, and I'll see you next time. Bye.