The Ultimate Human with Gary Brecka - 198. Dynorphins: This Brain Chemical Is Why You’re Addicted to Junk Food

Starting point is 00:00:00 We all know that our favorite fast foods or processed snacks are bad for us, but for some reason we keep going back to them. It turns out there might be a small, silent chemical reason for that. It's a special group of chemicals called dinorphins. We're going to explore these brain chemicals and see how they influence our eating habits, especially when it comes to tempting junk food and those addictive, ultra-process snacks. Dinophins are powerful players in regulating when or how much we eat and how our bodies manage that energy. Some new research found that injecting specific dinorphin into the brain of mammals caused them to eat more. But it didn't mess with anything else. A dinophan's job is even more complicated than normal eating.

Starting point is 00:00:41 It turns out they play a much bigger role in impulsive eating than you might think. So exactly what do dinorphins do? We all know that our favorite fast foods or processed snacks are bad for us, but for some reason we keep going back to them. It turns out there might be a small, silent chemical reason for that. These peptides are found in our daily diet and play a huge role in why we keep eating junk food. I'm Gary Breka, and you're listening to the Ultimate Human Podcasts where we dig into the real science of human performance, longevity, and disease prevention.

Starting point is 00:01:25 Today, we're going over something quite fascinating. It's a special group of chemicals called dinorphins. Now, if you're wondering what dinorphins are, don't worry. We're going to explore these brain chemicals and see how they influence our eating habits, especially when it comes to tempting junk food and those addictive, ultra-process snacks. Spoiler alert. It turns out they play a much bigger role in impulsive eating than you might think. So what exactly do dinorphins do?

Starting point is 00:01:52 They latch onto what are called Kappa opioid receptors, or cores, for short. These receptors are sprinkled all over the brain, including areas that are very involved in reward and feeding. These areas are control centers for when and why we eat. Dinophanes aren't floating around aimlessly. They help regulate how much we want to eat and even how our body handles energy once that food gets inside. Some new research found that injecting specific dinorphin into the brain of mammals caused them to eat more. But it didn't mess with anything else they were doing, like moving around or resting. This told researchers that dinorphins play a targeted and specific role in triggering appetite

Starting point is 00:02:31 without being involved in other behaviors. They also found that various parts of the dinorphin molecule and different dinorphins can stimulate appetite. That revealed the brain as a backup system to make sure that your feeding behavior gets activated properly. But the research has gone even further. Scientists bred special mice that don't produce dinorphins at all and then fed them high-fat diets. the kind of diet that's much more popular nowadays with these highly processed options. These knockout mice ended up getting much heavier than the normal mice, despite eating the same amount or even less in some cases.

Starting point is 00:03:08 This tells us that dinerphins are more involved than only making us hungry. They also play a part in how the body controls weight, metabolism, and how efficiently energy is used from food. Usually, if you burn more calories than you intake, you lose weight. That rule gets a little loose here, Without dinorphins, the body loses some of its ability to balance energy intake and weight gain, possibly because dinorphins affect how our cells produce and use energy. It's pretty striking, especially when you consider the environment we live in today,

Starting point is 00:03:39 where junk food is everywhere, and metabolic problems like obesity are on the rise. A dinophan's job is even more complicated than normal eating. It's also involved in some unique eating behaviors like binge eating. This is the urge to eat way more than you intended, driven by emotional states or cravings. Dinophins are right there in the mix. It works on those Kappa opioid receptors to influence how rewarding food feels, specifically how much we want or crave it. Animal studies have shown that when drugs block these receptors, binge or compulsive eating drops, especially in animals prone to obesity.

Starting point is 00:04:17 This overlaps quite a bit with what we know about addiction because the same brain circuits involved in drinking alcohol or using drugs also respond to these signals. This supports the growing idea that some people develop food addictions where hyper-processed foods kick off cycles of craving, binging, and withdrawal-like feelings. Blocking these dinorphin signals doesn't just reduce overeating, but it also calms the bad feelings. It breaks the cycle of needing food to feel better, only to feel worse when it's not available.

Starting point is 00:04:47 This makes the dinerfin core system a promising target for neutral, treatments aimed at controlling impulsive eating patterns. Speaking of impulsive eating, let's talk a bit more about impulsivity itself. Impulsivity is a personality trait. You might know people who tend to act without thinking much or want rewards right away without waiting. These traits are often linked to greater chances of food addiction and overeating. Animal studies have shown us that those with higher impulsivity are much more likely to engage

Starting point is 00:05:17 in rapid, uncontrollable eating binges. Now, dinorphins and their receptors step in here as well. This system dampens the activity of brain areas responsible for self-control, especially the prefrontal cortex, which is the same brain region you rely on, say no when you want that extra cookie, but you know you probably shouldn't have it. When dinophins are in high quantity, the brakes on these self-control areas weaken, meaning the temptation to go back for seconds or thirds wins even more often. This creates a perfect storm for impulsive eating, especially fueled by ultra-processed foods

Starting point is 00:05:53 that are designed to be irresistible. So if you ever wonder why those chips, cookies, or fast food grab your attention, dinerphins might play a part in making it harder to resist. Now, if we dig even deeper, let's touch on brain chemistry and reward. Ultra-processed foods are experts at hacking our reward system. They flood our brain with dopamine in the nucleus acubins, the feel-good hub, making you want more and more. But here's where dinophins add another layer of complexity.

Starting point is 00:06:21 They actually attach to the receptors in the brain, which then actually reduce dopamine release. You're brought down from that feel-good state. This leads to feelings of dysphoria, a kind of mild negative mood or dissatisfaction. Because you feel a little off, you may be pushed to eat more ultra-processed food to chase that dopamine hit again.

Starting point is 00:06:41 As this happens over time, the brain adapts. So the negative feelings from dinophon, ramp up while dopamine's positive effect slows down. This relationship creates a cycle where you keep chasing that reward, but it feels less and less satisfying. Dinofin influences other neurotransmitters like dopamine, acetylcholine, and glutamate, which help regulate how rewards are processed and how impulses are controlled. These widespread effects mess with how your brain balances wanting food and managing cravings, ultimately contributing to binge eating and loss of control. So what are some real-life solutions that are currently being developed to implement into daily life? Well, thanks to ongoing

Starting point is 00:07:21 research, pharmacological blockade of Kappa opioid receptors is starting to look like a promising approach to reduce compulsive eating behaviors. In animal studies, drugs that block these receptors reduce binge eating and seem to restore healthier reward balance. Genetic differences in how dynophins and core are expressed might explain why some people struggle with food addiction and why treatments might need to be tailored to individuals. Looking ahead, researchers want to better understand how lifelong consumption of ultra-processed foods impacts dinorphin systems in humans

Starting point is 00:07:56 and how this relates to obesity risk and impulsive eating. Also, broadening our knowledge of how dinophins interact with other brain chemicals involved in this reward and impulse control will help paint a fuller picture. All of this will be crucial to developing smarter, more effective treatments. Summing it up, dinofins are powerful players in regulating when or how much we eat and how our bodies manage that energy, especially in the context of today's high-fat, ultra-processed diets.

Starting point is 00:08:27 They play a big part in why binge eating and compulsive eating happen by influencing brain reward systems and impulse control. Ultra-process foods exploit this system, leading to cycles of craving and overeating that are hard to break. But with new research targeting dinerfin pathways, there's hope on the horizon. for better interventions that address impulsive eating and food addiction, which could also help slow down rising obesity and metabolic disorders. If you're someone who loves learning about the science behind health and you want access to deeper dives like this but live,

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The Ultimate Human with Gary Brecka - 198. Dynorphins: This Brain Chemical Is Why You’re Addicted to Junk Food

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